Unit 5 Country Life（易错题专项练习·基础知识）英语鲁科版五四制五年级下册

Unit 5 Country Life 专题01 基础知识·易错题专项训练 1.频度副词 often/usually/sometimes 位置 2.介词 in/on/near 方位辨析 3. 交通方式表达法（by + 交通工具） 高频易错点、易错点提示、小练笔、答题点拨 易错精讲 高频易错点01 频度副词 often、usually、sometimes 用于表示动作发生的频率，在句中的位置有明确规则。 核心知识点 结构：主语 + 频度副词 + 实义动词 + 其他 位置规则： a.放在实义动词（如 help, go, have）之前。 b.放在be动词（am/is/are）之后。 c.sometimes 也可放在句首或句末。 例句 After school he often helps his parents feed the cows. At the weekend, he usually goes to his father's orchard. Sometimes he has science classes in the field. 易错点提示 频度副词不能放在实义动词之后，避免出现 He helps often his parents 的错误。 注意区分 often（经常）、usually（通常）、sometimes（有时）的频率高低： usually > often > sometimes。 小练笔 ( )1. He ______ goes to school by school bus. A. often B. is often C. often is ( )2. ______ I help my grandpa pick fruit on the weekend. A. Usually B. Sometimes C. Often 3.用 often/usually/sometimes 填空 (1) I ______ get up at 7:00. （我通常7点起床） (2) He ______ plays chess after dinner.（他经常晚饭后下棋） (3) ______ we have science classes in the field.（有时我们在田野里上科学课） 4.改错：He is usually help his parents feed the cows. ______________________________ 点拨 选择题答案及解析 1.答案：A。 解析：goes 是实义动词，频度副词 often 应放在实义动词之前，所以选 A。 2.答案：B。 解析：句首位置用 sometimes 最自然，usually 和 often 较少放在句首，所以选 B。 填空题答案及解析 1.答案：usually 解析：“通常”用 usually，表示习惯性动作。 2.答案：often 解析：“经常”用 often，表示动作频繁。 3.答案：Sometimes 解析：“有时”用 sometimes，可放在句首。 改错题答案及解析 答案：He usually helps his parents feed the cows. 解析：help 是实义动词，频度副词 usually 应放在实义动词之前，且主语 he 是第三人称单数，help 应变为 helps。 高频易错点02 介词 in、on、near 用于表示地点和方位，用法和含义有明显区别。 核心知识点 near：在……附近，两者不接触，有一定距离。 例句：There is a river near the village. in：在……里面，在内部空间。 例句：They're in the soil. / There are many birds in the trees. on：在……上面，表面接触。 例句：Look! He is picking cherries on the tree. 易错点提示 in the tree（外来物在树上，如鸟）与 on the tree（树本身长出的，如叶子、果实）的区别。 near 不能与 next to 混淆，next to 表示“紧挨着”，距离比 near 更近。 小练笔 ( )1. There are many birds ______ the tree. A. in B. on C. near ( )2. The potatoes are ______ the soil. A. on B. in C. near ( )3. There is a small house ______ the river. A. in B. on C. near 4.用 in/on/near 填空 (1) Look! The apples are ______ the tree. (2) There is a big tree ______ my house. (3) The children are playing ______ the garden. 点拨 选择题答案及解析 1.答案：A。 解析：鸟是外来物，在树上用 in the tree，所以选 A。 2.答案：B。 解析：土豆在土壤里面，用 in the soil，所以选 B。 3.答案：C。 解析：房子在河的附近，用 near the river，所以选 C。 填空题答案及解析 1.答案：on 解析：苹果是树本身长出来的，用 on the tree。 2.答案：near 解析：树在房子附近，用 near my house。 3.答案：in 解析：孩子们在花园里面，用 in the garden。 高频易错点03 He goes to school by school bus.（P56） 易错点提示 关于 “by + 交通工具” 的表达规则： 零冠词原则：by 与交通工具名词之间不能加 a/an/the，也不能加物主代词（my/his 等）或数词。 单数原则：by 后面的交通工具名词必须用单数原形，不能加 -s。 同义转换：若要加冠词或物主代词，需将 “by + 交通工具” 改为 “take + 限定词 + 交通工具”（take 作谓语动词）。 口诀：by 加工具表出行，中间冠词都不行； 名词单数要记清，换 take 才把冠词迎。 例句： He goes to school by school bus. He takes the school bus to school.（同义句） They go to the farm by car. 小练笔 ( )1. My father goes to work ______ car every day. A. by a B. by the C. by D. in ( )2. Guo Liang ______ to the orchard ______ bike at the weekend. A. goes; by B. go; by C. goes; by a D. go; on ( )3. —How do you go to Beijing? —We go there ______. A. by a train B. take train C. by train D. by trains 4.I go to the village by bus.（改为同义句） I ______ ______ ______ to the village. 5.He goes to school by school bus.（改为一般疑问句） ______ he ______ to school by school bus? 6.他们乘坐小汽车去农场。（翻译句子） They go to the farm ______ ______. 点拨 1.选 C。解析：by 与交通工具搭配时，中间不加任何冠词，by car 是固定表达，意为 “乘小汽车”；in 后接交通工具需加冠词，如 in a car，故 A、B、D 均错误。 2.选 A。解析：主语 Guo Liang 是第三人称单数，谓语动词用 goes，排除 B、D；by bike 是固定搭配，中间不加冠词，排除 C，故选 A。 3.选 C。解析：by 后接交通工具用单数原形，且不加冠词，by train 为正确表达；A 选项多了 a，B 选项缺少谓语动词（句子已有 go，不能再用 take），D 选项加了 s，均错误。 4.答案：take the bus。解析：原句用 “by bus” 表方式，同义转换需用 “take + 限定词 + 交通工具” 作谓语，主语 I 为第一人称，take 用原形，bus 前加 the 表特指。 5.答案：Does; go。解析：主语是第三人称单数 he，改为一般疑问句需用助动词 Does，且助动词后接动词原形，故 goes 还原为 go。 6.答案：by car。解析：“乘坐小汽车” 用固定搭配 by car，中间不加任何冠词或修饰词。 综合训练 一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1.My grandpa often ______ (feed) the chickens in the morning. 2.Look! The children ______ (pick) apples in the orchard. 3.He usually ______ (go) to the farm by bike on weekends. 4.Sometimes we ______ (have) science classes in the field. 5.There ______ (be) a small river near the village last year. 6.She ______ (not help) her parents do farm work yesterday. 7.It's Mike's turn ______ (water) the vegetables in the garden. 8.My father ______ (take) the school bus to work every day. 9.They ______ (play) near the lake now. 10.He ______ (go) to the countryside with his family last Sunday. 二、单项选择题 ( )1. My brother sometimes ______ cows with my uncle on the farm. A. feed B. feeds C. feeding D. is feed ( )2. There are some birds ______ the tree and some apples ______ it. A. in; on B. on; in C. in; in D. on; on ( )3. —______ do you go to the orchard? —By car. A. What B. Where C. How D. When ( )4. ______ we have a picnic near the river on Saturdays. A. Often B. Usually C. Sometimes D. Never ( )5. My mother goes to work ______ bus every morning. A. by B. by a C. take D. on a ( )6. There is a big farm ______ our village. A. in B. on C. near D. at ( )7. He ______ help his grandma clean the house every weekend. A. have to B. has to C. had to D. is having to ( )8. —______ he usually go to the field with his father? —Yes, he does. A. Do B. Does C. Is D. Are ( )9. It's ______ turn to milk the cows. A. I B. you C. she D. Tom's ( )10. The students ______ science classes in the soil now. A. are having B. have C. has D. had 三、句型转换 1.He often helps his parents feed the sheep.（改为一般疑问句） ______ he often ______ his parents feed the sheep? 2.I go to the countryside by train.（改为同义句） I ______ ______ ______ to the countryside. 3.They usually pick cherries in the orchard.（对画线部分提问） ______ ______ they usually pick cherries? 4.She has to do farm work after school.（改为否定句） She ______ ______ ______ do farm work after school. 5.Sometimes we play near the lake.（改为一般过去时） Sometimes we ______ near the lake yesterday. 6.There is a river near the farm.（改为复数句） There ______ some ______ near the farm. 7.He goes to the farm by bike every Sunday.（对画线部分提问） ______ ______ he ______ to the farm every Sunday? 8.We have science classes in the field.（改为祈使句） ______ ______ science classes in the field! 四、根据中文提示补全句子（汉译英） 1.他通常在周末去他爸爸的果园。 He ______ ______ to his father's orchard ______ ______. 2.村庄附近有一条小河，河里有很多鱼。 There is a small river ______ the village, and there are many fish ______ the river. 3.我有时放学后帮助父母喂牛。 I ______ ______ my parents ______ the cows after school. 4.他们乘坐校车去农场。 They ______ ______ ______ to the farm. / They go to the farm ______ ______ ______. 5.轮到她在田野里上科学课了。 It's ______ turn ______ ______ science classes ______ the field. 6.昨天他在果园里摘了很多苹果。 He ______ many apples in the orchard ______. 7.我们不必今天去乡下。 We ______ ______ ______ go to the countryside today. 8.看！农民们正在花园里种菜。 Look! The farmers ______ ______ vegetables ______ the garden. 9.她经常在土壤里找小虫子。 She often ______ ______ small worms ______ the soil. 10.有时我的朋友和我一起去湖边钓鱼。 ______ my friends and I ______ ______ near the lake. 五、改错（每句一处错误） 1.He is often go to school by school bus. __________________________________ 2.There are many apples in the tree. __________________________________ 3.My father goes to work by the car every day. __________________________________ 4.Sometimes he help his uncle pick fruit. __________________________________ 5.We usually have a science class on the field. __________________________________ 参考答案 一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1. feeds 2. are picking 3. goes 4. have 5. was 6. didn't help 7. to water 8. takes 9. are playing 10. went 1. feeds 解析：句中“often”表明是一般现在时，主语“My grandpa”是第三人称单数，“feed”的第三人称单数形式是“feeds”，句意为“我爷爷经常在早上喂鸡”。 2. are picking 解析：“Look!”提示动作正在进行，用现在进行时（be + 现在分词）；主语“The children”是复数，be动词用“are”，“pick”的现在分词是“picking”，句意为“看！孩子们正在果园里摘苹果”。 3. goes 解析：句中“usually”表明是一般现在时，主语“He”是第三人称单数，“go”的第三人称单数形式是“goes”，句意为“他通常周末骑自行车去农场”。 4. have 解析：句中“sometimes”表明是一般现在时，主语“we”是复数，谓语动词用原形“have”，句意为“有时我们在田野里上科学课”。 5. was 解析：句中“last year”表明是一般过去时，“there be”句型遵循“就近原则”，后面的“a small river”是单数，be动词用“was”，句意为“去年村庄附近有一条小河”。 6. didn't help 解析：句中“yesterday”表明是一般过去时，否定句需用助动词“didn't”，后接动词原形“help”，句意为“她昨天没有帮父母做农活”。 7. to water 解析：“It's one's turn to do sth.”是固定结构，意为“轮到某人做某事”，故填“to water”，句意为“轮到迈克给花园里的蔬菜浇水了”。 8. takes 解析：句中“every day”表明是一般现在时，主语“My father”是第三人称单数，“take”的第三人称单数形式是“takes”，句意为“我爸爸每天坐校车去上班”。 9. are playing 解析：“now”提示动作正在进行，用现在进行时（be + 现在分词）；主语“They”是复数，be动词用“are”，“play”的现在分词是“playing”，句意为“他们现在正在湖边玩耍”。 10. went 解析：句中“last Sunday”表明是一般过去时，“go”的过去式是“went”，句意为“他上周日和家人一起去了乡下”。 二、单项选择题 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. A 1. B 解析：句中“sometimes”表明是一般现在时，主语“My brother”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式“feeds”，故选B。 2. A 解析：鸟是外来事物“在树上”用“in the tree”；苹果是树本身长出来的“在树上”用“on the tree”，符合语境“树上有一些鸟和一些苹果”，故选A。 3. C 解析：根据答语“By car.”可知，问句是询问“方式”，用疑问词“How”（怎样）；“What”问事物，“Where”问地点，“When”问时间，故选C。 4. C 解析：频率副词“often、usually、never”通常放在句首，且首字母大写，但“sometimes”可放在句首、句中或句末；本句空格在句首，结合选项，只有“Sometimes”符合用法，句意为“有时我们周六在河边野餐”，故选C。 5. A 解析：“乘坐交通工具”用“by + 交通工具”，中间不加冠词，如“by bus”（坐公交）；“take a bus”也可表示“坐公交”，但本句已有谓语动词“goes”，不能再用“take”，故选A。 6. C 解析：结合语境，“农场在村庄附近”最符合逻辑；“in”（在……里面）、“on”（在……上面）、“at”（接小地点）均不符合句意，“near”（在……附近）符合，故选C。 7. B 解析：句中“every weekend”表明是一般现在时，主语“He”是第三人称单数，“have to”（不得不）的第三人称单数形式是“has to”，故选B。 8. B 解析：根据答语“Yes, he does.”可知，问句用助动词“does”引导；主语“he”是第三人称单数，助动词用“does”，后接动词原形，故选B。 9. D 解析：“It's one's turn”中“one's”需用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格；A、B、C均为人称代词（I我、you你、she她），不符合语法，“Tom's”是名词所有格，意为“汤姆的”，符合语境，故选D。 10. A 解析：“now”提示动作正在进行，用现在进行时（be + 现在分词）；主语“The students”是复数，be动词用“are”，“have”的现在分词是“having”，故选A。 三、句型转换 1. Does; help 2. take the train 3. Where do 4. doesn't have to 5. played 6. are; rivers 7. How does; go 8. Have our 1. Does; help 解析：原句是一般现在时，主语“He”是第三人称单数，改为一般疑问句需用助动词“Does”开头，后接动词原形“help”，句意为“他经常帮助父母喂羊吗？”。 2. take the train 解析：“go to...by train”（坐火车去……）的同义表达是“take the train to...”，原句是一般现在时，主语“I”用动词原形“take”，句意为“我坐火车去乡下”。 3. Where do 解析：画线部分“in the orchard”是地点，提问地点用疑问词“Where”；原句是一般现在时，主语“They”是复数，助动词用“do”，句意为“他们通常在哪里摘樱桃？”。 4. doesn't have to 解析：原句是一般现在时，主语“She”是第三人称单数，否定句需用助动词“doesn't”，后接动词原形“have to”，句意为“她放学后不必做农活”。 5. played 解析：原句改为一般过去时，需将谓语动词“play”改为过去式“played”，句意为“昨天我们有时在湖边玩耍”。 6. are; rivers 解析：改为复数句，“is”改为“are”，“a river”（一条河）改为“some rivers”（一些河），句意为“农场附近有一些小河”。 7. How does; go 解析：画线部分“by bike”是交通方式，提问方式用疑问词“How”；原句是一般现在时，主语“He”是第三人称单数，助动词用“does”，后接动词原形“go”，句意为“他每周日怎样去农场？”。 8. Have our 解析：原句改为祈使句，祈使句以动词原形开头，“have”用原形，“our”（我们的）修饰“science classes”，句意为“在田野里上我们的科学课吧！”。 四、根据中文提示补全句子（汉译英） 1. usually goes; on weekends 2. near; in 3. sometimes help; feed 4. take the school bus; by school bus 5. her; to have; in 6. picked; yesterday 7. don't have to 8. are planting; in 9. looks for; in 10. Sometimes; go fishing 1. usually goes; on weekends 解析：“通常”译为“usually”，用于一般现在时；主语“He”是第三人称单数，“去”用“goes”；“在周末”译为“on weekends”，固定搭配。 2. near; in 解析：“在……附近”译为“near”；“在河里”，鱼是在河的内部，译为“in the river”，符合语境。 3. sometimes help; feed 解析：“有时”译为“sometimes”，用于一般现在时；主语“I”用动词原形“help”；“帮助某人做某事”译为“help sb. do sth.”，故“喂”用原形“feed”。 4. take the school bus; by school bus 解析：“乘坐校车”有两种常用表达：“take the school bus”（作谓语，需接动词）和“by school bus”（作状语，放在句末），结合句子结构，两种表达均符合要求。 5. her; to have; in 解析：“轮到她”译为“It's her turn”，“her”是形容词性物主代词；“It's one's turn to do sth.”固定结构，“上科学课”译为“have science classes”；“在田野里”译为“in the field”。 6. picked; yesterday 解析：“昨天”提示用一般过去时，“摘”的过去式是“picked”；“昨天”译为“yesterday”，放在句末。 7. don't have to 解析：“不必”译为“don't have to”，主语“We”是复数，一般现在时的否定句用助动词“don't”，后接动词原形“have to”。 8. are planting; in 解析：“Look!”提示动作正在进行，用现在进行时（be + 现在分词）；主语“The farmers”是复数，be动词用“are”，“种菜”译为“plant vegetables”，“plant”的现在分词是“planting”；“在花园里”译为“in the garden”。 9. looks for; in 解析：“经常”表明是一般现在时，主语“She”是第三人称单数，“找”译为“looks for”（强调寻找的过程）；“在土壤里”译为“in the soil”。 10. Sometimes; go fishing 解析：“有时”译为“Sometimes”，放在句首；“去钓鱼”译为“go fishing”，固定短语；主语“my friends and I”是复数，用动词原形“go”。 五、改错（每句一处错误） 1. 去掉is 2. in改为on 3. 去掉the 4. help改为helps 5. on改为in 1. He often go to school by school bus. 解析：句中“often”表明是一般现在时，主语“He”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用“goes”，“is”是多余的，导致句子有两个谓语，故去掉“is”。 2. There are many apples on the tree. 解析：苹果是树本身长出来的“在树上”，需用“on the tree”；“in the tree”用于形容外来事物在树上，故将“in”改为“on”。 3. My father goes to work by car every day. 解析：“by + 交通工具”中间不加冠词，“by the car”表述错误，故去掉“the”。 4. Sometimes he helps his uncle pick fruit. 解析：句中“sometimes”表明是一般现在时，主语“he”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式“helps”，故将“help”改为“helps”。 5. We usually have a science class in the field. 解析：“在田野里”译为“in the field”，是固定搭配；“on”用于表示在物体表面，不符合语境，故将“on”改为“in”。 第 1 页 共 18 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $