Unit 3 Reading and Thinking（导学案）（含思维提升训练）英语人教版选择性必修第三册

人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection Reading and Thinking（导学案） 1.掌握Unit 3 Reading and Thinking部分的重点单词、短语和句型； √单词：graph emission starve seal ecology release methane habitable sustain comprehensive worldwide trend frequently broadcast policy footprint restrict seize √短语：carbon dioxide; fossil fuel; provide evidence of; skin and bones; have an impact on; lead to; take appropriate actions √句型：①There is little doubt that... ②This alarming case showed how... ③There is strong and comprehensive evidence that... ④It is our responsibility to... 2.思维能力提升目标（Thinking Ability Goals） ①分析思维（Analytical Thinking） 分析气候变化与生态影响（如北极熊饿死）之间的因果关系；区分自然温室效应与人为温室效应。 ②批判性思维（Critical Thinking） 评估文中为全球变暖提供的证据（温度图表、极端天气报道）；评估所提出解决方案（政府政策、个人行动）的紧迫性与可行性。 ③推理思维（Inferential Thinking） 推断温室气体持续排放的长期后果；得出应对气候变化的共同责任结论。 1.________________/gra:f/ n. 图；图表；曲线图 2.___________/ɪˈmɪʃn/ n. 排放物；散发物；排放 3.______________/sta:v/ vi. & vt.(使)挨饿；饿死 4.__________________ /si:l/ n.海豹 5.______________ /iˈkɒlədʒi/ n.生态；生态学 6.___________ /rɪˈli:s/ vt. & n.排放；释放；发布 7._______________ /ˈmi:θeɪn/ n.甲烷；沼气 8. ______________/ˈhæbɪtəbl/ adj.适合居住的 9.__________ sustain /səˈsteɪn/ vt. 维持；遭受；承受住→___________ /səˈsteɪnəbl/ adj. 可持续的；合理利用的 10.__________/ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv/ adj. 全部的；所有的；详尽的 11.______________ /ˈwɜːldwaɪd/ adv. 遍及全球地; adj. 世界各地的；影响全世界的 12.___________ /trend/ n. 趋势；趋向；动向 13.___________/ˈfriːkwəntli/ adv. 频繁地；经常 14.___________ /ˈbrɔ:dka:st/ vt. & vi. (broadcast, broadcast) 播送；广播；传播；n. 广播节目；电视节目 15.____________ /ˈpɒləsi/ n.政策；方针；原则 16.__________ /ˈfʊtprɪnt/ n.足迹；（某物所占的）空间量；面积 17.________ /rɪˈstrɪkt/ vt.限制；限定；束缚→____________/rɪˈstrɪkʃn/ n. 限制规定；限制法规；约束 18.___________ /si:z/ vt. 抓住；夺取；控制 二、词块记忆 1.二氧化碳____________ 2.化石燃料（如煤或石油）____________ 3.提供......的证据________________ 4.皮肤和骨骼___________ 5.对......有影响________________ 6.导致，引导__________________ 7.采取合理的行动_____________________ Reading and thinking 【知识梳理1】There is little/no doubt that. . .There is little/no doubt that. . . 意为“毫无疑问......”。 【常用搭配】 ①在此句型中，that引导的是同位语从句，用来解释说明doubt的具体内容，doubt 在此做名词。 ②名词doubt的常见句型：There is some doubt about...对于······有些疑问;have no doubt that...确定...... ③动词doubt若用在肯定句中，接whether/if引导的宾语从句；若用在否定句或疑问句中，接that引导的宾语从句。 I doubt whether/if...我怀疑是否...... I don't/ never doubt that...我不怀疑......;我相信...... 相关词汇积累：in doubt 怀疑的；拿不定主意的 no/without/beyond doubt无疑地；必定；当然 doubtful adj. 怀疑的；不确定的 【即学即练】 1.There is no doubt ______ they agree with you on this matter. 2.There is some doubt ______the best way to do it. 3.You can complain,but I doubt_______ it'll make any difference. 4.The weather looks _________(doubt) for our picnic. 【知识梳理2】starve vi. & vt. (使)挨饿；饿死 starvation n. 饥饿；饿死；挨饿 【常用搭配】 ①starve to death　饿死   ②be starved/starving饿得很 ③be starved of/for... 缺乏.....;急需......(主动语态starve A of/for B使A得不到所需要的B) ④starve sb. into (doing)sth. 断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事 ⑤starve sb. out 以断绝食物来源迫使某人出来 ⑥die of/from starvation饿死 【即学即练】 1.Teenagers are starved _______ freedom but they have to rely on their parents financially. 2.Many babies of the wild animals will starve to ______(die) if the parents can't feed them.  3.Many people, especially those in poverty-stricken areas, are suffering from________(starve) 【知识梳理3】 release vt. 释放；放开；发泄；公布 n. 释放；发行；解脱 【常用搭配】 ①release...from  sth. 将......从某物中放出来 ②go on release (电影)公映，发行 ③(a) release from... 从......中解脱/释放 【即学即练】 1.Tiny amounts of chemicals_________(release) from the leaves do harm to humans.  2.Working out for half an hour in the gym will give you a release ________the pressure of work. 3.The new film will go on release next week, and I can't wait to watch it in the cinema. (翻译) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 【知识梳理4】sustain vt. 维持；遭受；承受住 【知识拓展】 sustainable adj. 可持续的；合理利用的 sustainability n. 持续性 sustained adj. 持续的，持久 【即学即练】 As we all know, ____________(sustain) has become an important aspect of business. That is to say, it is important ___________(sustain) the sustainable development of the economy. If you do so, your company will get __________(sustain) development. 【知识梳理5】restrict vt. 限制；限定；束缚；约束 【知识拓展】 ①restrict...to... 把......限制/控制在...... ②restrict sb. /oneself to (doing)sth. 限制某人/自己只做某事 ③be restricted to... 仅限于...... restriction n. [C]限制规定；限制法规；[U]约束 restricted adj. 有限的；受限制的；仅限的 【即学即练】 1.In some regions, the school __________(restrict) class sizes to 30 students.  2.Keep in mind that there are speed ____________(restrict) on this part of the road.  3.The aim of the education is not __________(restrict) to learning knowledge or skills.  【知识梳理6】5.seize vt. 抓住；夺取；控制；侵袭；突然控制 【常用搭配】 ①seize sth. from... 从......抓住/夺取某物 ②seize a chance/an opportunity to do sth. 抓住机会做某事 ③seize sb. by  the+身体部位 抓住某人的某个部位 ④seize control of  攻占, 夺取 ⑤be seized with /by... 充满(某种情绪) 【特别提醒】 seize表示抓住某人或某物时，可直接用被抓住的部位作宾语，如seize my hand，也可用“seize sb. by the+身体部位”结构，表示身体部位的名词前通常只能用定冠词the，不能用其他冠词或代词。 【即学即练】 1.It is our responsibility __________(seize) every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts. 2.Though a number of attempts have been made, the army can't seize control of the city. (翻译) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.In the big fire, the firefighter spotted a girl who ___________(seize) with fear.    1、 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.What shocked the scientists was that the seal _______________ (starve) to death because it couldn’t find enough food to eat. 2.___________(seize) the precious chance enabled him to get promoted quite easily. 3.He has a business degree and training in the area of environmental ________________ (sustain). 4.Without correct leadership, the enthusiasm of the masses cannot ________________ (sustain). 5.A Toronto man is offering a free round- the-world air ticket to the right woman. But__________(restrict) apply. 6.In addition to its health benefits, dancing is a fun way ____________ (release) positive energy and make society more pleasant. 7.When the doctor examined him, the man____________(frequent) sneezed and screamed. 8.Many animals died_________________ starvation in the snow 2、 课文语法填空 We have known about climate change for decades. Earth is getting warmer and warmer, with evidence including warming oceans, melting ice and rising sea levels. In 2013, a dead polar bear (1) ______ (find) on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard, which shocked many people. Scientists said the bear had starved to death (2) ______ low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant it could not hunt seals as before, forcing it to travel greater (3) ______ (distant) to find food. This case showed how rising temperatures harmed Earth’s ecology. The main cause of rising global temperatures is the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “natural” greenhouse effect keeps Earth warm and habitable (4) ______ trapping some heat from the sun, which is essential for life. (5) ______, human activities, especially burning fossil fuels, produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases. These gases trap more heat, (6) ______ (cause) Earth’s surface temperature to rise rapidly. There is strong evidence that this warming has led to more extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, (7) ______ (damage) property and costing human lives. Climate scientists warn that if we do not take action, this warming trend will continue, (8) ______ will bring higher costs. Continued emissions will cause further warming and long-lasting climate changes. Governments must make policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As individuals, we can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by limiting the carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. We have a responsibility (9) ______ (educate) others about global warming, its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue (10) ______ affects everyone on Earth. 三、阅读理解 Durian(榴莲) is probably the smelliest fruit in the world, letting out an unusual unpleasant smell which would make anyone bring up. However, nobody was aware of what gave this fruit its unique smell, so a team of researchers from Singapore decided to take a look at its genome (基因组) and find out, Durian is well-known throughout Southeast Asia as the king of fruits, mostly because of its awful appearance and smell. However, the origin of this unpleasant smell was unknown, so researchers decided to map the genome of the fruit, and find the gene that controlled it. A group of genes, volatile sulfur compounds (含硫化合物), became very active in the fruit, and they were found responsible for resulting in the unpleasant smell. The fruit confuses everyone with a sulfuric smell, like rotten onions and ingredients. The smell lasts long, mostly because the fruit contains more volatile sulfur compounds. Other species usually benefit from two gene copies at most, but durian has four, leading to the striking smell. However, this smell might be an advantage for durian in the wild. Although we find it unpleasant, many animals might be attracted by it. If they eat the fruit, then they can easily spread its seeds everywhere, thus contributing to the distribution of the species. The mapping of the durian genome also showed some other information on the species. First of all the fruit has an impressive number of genes, namely 46,000. Also, with the help of these genes, they saw how it evolved, and discovered it was related to the cacao tree. All the other discoveries have been published in the journal Nature Genetics. Despite the striking smell many people actually enjoy eating the fruit. However, not all durian species are edible, and some of them may even cause damage to our health, Even so, the fruit is often imported, significantly contributing to the economy. 1. What give durian its unique smell? A. Onions nearby. B. Two gene copies. C. Rotten ingredients in it. D. Volatile sulfur compounds. 2. What does the underlined word “evolved” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Developed. B. Escaped. C. Predicted. D. Tolerated. 3. What can we infer from the text? A. No birds enjoy eating durian. B. Durian can be planted all over the world. C. Some of durian species can not be eaten. D. Durian has no relationship with the cacao tree. 4. What’s the best title for the text? A. What’s Durian? B. The Influence of the Smell C. The Distribution of Durian D. The Mystery of the Unpleasant Smell of Durian 一、阅读理解 A Top Four Festivals in the World Saint Patrick's Day, Ireland Saint Patrick's Day is celebrated anywhere in the world where there are the Irish. If you're going to get involved(参与), there's no better place than Dublin. This festival runs for five days and five nights in March along with performing arts, literature, tours and food events. Holi Festival, India It's also called the “festival of love” as on the full-moon day in March people get together, forgetting all types of bad feeling towards each other. You'll mostly see Holi Festival across India and Nepal, but also in other areas with large Hindu populations. It starts by lighting a night-time bonfire(篝火)where people sing and dance. . People throw coloured water and powder(粉末)to their friends and families to show love and respect. Edinburgh Festival Fringe, Scotland One of the greatest celebrations of arts and culture in the world, the festival runs for three weeks every August throughout the Scottish capital. Artists and performers take to hundreds of stages all over the city to present shows for every taste. The Fringe is run by the Edinburgh Fringe Festival Society to support and encourage the Scottish arts. Montreux Jazz Festival, Switzerland There are plenty of music festivals in Europe, but Montreux Jazz Festival held in October near the Lake Geneva is truly one of a kind and is the second-largest jazz festival in the world. It's not just jazz, though. You'll find broad-ranging concerts from pop to rock and blues, and best of all, most of the performances are free. 1. When does Saint Patrick's Day take place? A. In March. B. In April. C. In August. D. In October. 2. What can you do at Edinburgh Festival Fringe? A. Throw coloured water. B. Taste Irish food. C. Dance near a bonfire. D Watch art shows. 3. Which event will you go to if you just want to attend concerts? A. Holi Festival. B. Montreux Jazz Festival. C. Saint Patrick's Day. D. Edinburgh Festival Fringe. B On the football field, it doesn't always matter what team you're on. When a fellow player is in need, everyone answers the call. A Pennsylvania high school football team, parents, teachers and staff showed a great act of kindness for a member of the host team after a recent game. The game was really a fight to the finish, but these people came together to provide encouragement for a greater fight ahead. The two teams are Avon Grove High School and Coatesville High School. During a Friday night game, both teams came together at midfield to give Gavin Picard balloons and a gift. Gavin. who plays for Avon Grove. was recently diagnosed(诊断)with lymphoma(淋巴瘤): Moved by the kindness of both teams and the community, Rachel Wilson, Gavin's teammate, shared her thoughts about the support for Gavin online. “Coatesville players and caches came up to our team after the game to show their support. There were not very many dry eyes in the stadium." Rachel added that in sports it's about so much more than the game. This act of kindness proved that. She said the Coatesville team had experienced quite a struggling week, so they understood how things could affect players on and off the field. “Class act all the way. Football is more than wins and losses, "she said. “It's a brotherhood, a strong connection like no other. ” Community support for Gavin continues as a family friend set up a GoFundMe page to help raise money for his treatment. There is a sea of love and support for the star football player in the comments. A latest message was shared online that Gavin completed his first round of treatment. 4. What does the underlined word “fight” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. A struggle against illness. B. A hot competition. C. A high hope for success. D. A narrow victory. 5. Why did the two teams come together at midfield? A. To attract their fans' attention. B. To welcome their new teammate. C. To give Gavin Picard their support. D. To celebrate the end of their game. 6. What does Rachel Wilson mean? A. Players should honour one another. B. Teenagers must develop a good habit. C. Competition is a must for a match. D. Football brings people together, 7. Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. A Shared Future B. An Act of Kindness C. A Rising Star D. An Unknown Hero C There’s a song by the great Jamaican singer Bob Marley called So Much Trouble In The World. Marley understood that part of the reason why there are so many problems in the world is the lack of tolerance between people. The UN understands this too––– that’s why it made Nov 16th “International Day for Tolerance”. But first of all, what is tolerance? According to French philosopher Voltaire, tolerance is the consequence of humanity. We are all formed of frailty (脆弱) and error; let us pardon each other’s fool––– that is the first law of nature.” Very often, people don’t realize that they’re intolerant. This is because intolerance has a lot to do with ignorance. For example, the UN’s campaign is in part about the treatment of females by males. But often, the behavior of men toward women is intolerant because men don’t put themselves in the shoes of women. It’s worth thinking a little about the words “tolerance” and “intolerance”. Are they the best words to describe the evils of which we’re speaking here? To agree to be “tolerant” of someone isn’t necessarily a very respectful thing. When someone is tolerated, it implies that there’s something wrong with them. Still, what Voltaire said stands: We humans are not perfect and this weakness is something that we all share. That’s the reason we should be tolerant. It’s a little like generosity. We can give things to another person, and we can also give our forgiveness. 8. What’s the purpose of the UN “International Day For Tolerance”? A. To arouse people’s awareness of tolerance among people. B. To celebrate the founding of the UN. C. To solve the problem of global warming. D. To change peopled opinion towards globalization. 9. Why do men behave intolerantly towards women? A. Because men don’t realize the purpose of the UN. B. Because men are physically stronger than women. C. Because men don’t appreciate the shoes of women. D. Because men are not willing to understand women. 10. Why is it meaningless to use the words “tolerance” and “intolerance”? A. Because they are hard to pronounce in English. B. Because they don’t express the exact meaning people refer to. C. Because they can’t be translated into other languages. D. Because they can’t be used in a respectful way. 11. In what sense is “tolerance” similar to “generosity”? A. Humans are advised to treat others better. B. Humans leant to find faults in others. C. Humans need to give something to others. D. Humans will change their attitudes to others. 二、思维提升-观点分享 According to the passage -Climate Change Requires The World’s Attention,share your thoughts about the 2 questions below. 1.What evidence does the text provide to show that Earth's climate is changing dramatically? 2.What actions does the text suggest individuals and governments can take to address climate change? 三、思维提升-书面表达 假设你是李华，你校英文报正在开展以“Climate Change and Our Responsibilities”为主题的征文活动。请你根据以下要点，写一篇英语短文投稿： 1. 简述气候变化的现状（如全球气温上升、极地生态受影响等）； 2.谈谈个人和政府可以采取的应对措施； 3.发出倡议，呼吁大家关注气候变化。 要求：词数100左右，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection Reading and Thinking（导学案） 1.掌握Unit 3 Reading and Thinking部分的重点单词、短语和句型； √单词：graph emission starve seal ecology release methane habitable sustain comprehensive worldwide trend frequently broadcast policy footprint restrict seize √短语：carbon dioxide; fossil fuel; provide evidence of; skin and bones; have an impact on; lead to; take appropriate actions √句型：①There is little doubt that... ②This alarming case showed how... ③There is strong and comprehensive evidence that... ④It is our responsibility to... 2.思维能力提升目标（Thinking Ability Goals） ①分析思维（Analytical Thinking） 分析气候变化与生态影响（如北极熊饿死）之间的因果关系；区分自然温室效应与人为温室效应。 ②批判性思维（Critical Thinking） 评估文中为全球变暖提供的证据（温度图表、极端天气报道）；评估所提出解决方案（政府政策、个人行动）的紧迫性与可行性。 ③推理思维（Inferential Thinking） 推断温室气体持续排放的长期后果；得出应对气候变化的共同责任结论。 1.________________/gra:f/ n. 图；图表；曲线图 2.___________/ɪˈmɪʃn/ n. 排放物；散发物；排放 3.______________/sta:v/ vi. & vt.(使)挨饿；饿死 4.__________________ /si:l/ n.海豹 5.______________ /iˈkɒlədʒi/ n.生态；生态学 6.___________ /rɪˈli:s/ vt. & n.排放；释放；发布 7._______________ /ˈmi:θeɪn/ n.甲烷；沼气 8. ______________/ˈhæbɪtəbl/ adj.适合居住的 9.__________ sustain /səˈsteɪn/ vt. 维持；遭受；承受住→___________ /səˈsteɪnəbl/ adj. 可持续的；合理利用的 10.__________/ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv/ adj. 全部的；所有的；详尽的 11.______________ /ˈwɜːldwaɪd/ adv. 遍及全球地; adj. 世界各地的；影响全世界的 12.___________ /trend/ n. 趋势；趋向；动向 13.___________/ˈfriːkwəntli/ adv. 频繁地；经常 14.___________ /ˈbrɔ:dka:st/ vt. & vi. (broadcast, broadcast) 播送；广播；传播；n. 广播节目；电视节目 15.____________ /ˈpɒləsi/ n.政策；方针；原则 16.__________ /ˈfʊtprɪnt/ n.足迹；（某物所占的）空间量；面积 17.________ /rɪˈstrɪkt/ vt.限制；限定；束缚→____________/rɪˈstrɪkʃn/ n. 限制规定；限制法规；约束 18.___________ /si:z/ vt. 抓住；夺取；控制 【答案】 1.graph 2.emission 3.starve 4.seal 5.ecology 6.release 7.methane 8.habitable 9.sustain;sustainable 10.comprehensive 11.worldwide 12.trend 13.frequently 14.broadcast 15.policy 16.footprint 17.restrict;restriction 18.seize 二、词块记忆 1.二氧化碳____________ 2.化石燃料（如煤或石油）____________ 3.提供......的证据________________ 4.皮肤和骨骼___________ 5.对......有影响________________ 6.导致，引导__________________ 7.采取合理的行动_____________________ 【答案】 1.carbon dioxide 2.fossil fuel 3.provide evidence of 4.skin and bones 5.have an impact on 6.lead to; 7.take appropriate actions Reading and thinking 【知识梳理1】There is little/no doubt that. . .There is little/no doubt that. . . 意为“毫无疑问......”。 【常用搭配】 ①在此句型中，that引导的是同位语从句，用来解释说明doubt的具体内容，doubt 在此做名词。 ②名词doubt的常见句型：There is some doubt about...对于······有些疑问;have no doubt that...确定...... ③动词doubt若用在肯定句中，接whether/if引导的宾语从句；若用在否定句或疑问句中，接that引导的宾语从句。 I doubt whether/if...我怀疑是否...... I don't/ never doubt that...我不怀疑......;我相信...... 相关词汇积累：in doubt 怀疑的；拿不定主意的 no/without/beyond doubt无疑地；必定；当然 doubtful adj. 怀疑的；不确定的 【即学即练】 1.There is no doubt ______ they agree with you on this matter. 2.There is some doubt ______the best way to do it. 3.You can complain,but I doubt_______ it'll make any difference. 4.The weather looks _________(doubt) for our picnic. 【答案】1.that 2.about 3.if/whether 4.doubtful 【知识梳理2】starve vi. & vt. (使)挨饿；饿死 starvation n. 饥饿；饿死；挨饿 【常用搭配】 ①starve to death　饿死   ②be starved/starving饿得很 ③be starved of/for... 缺乏.....;急需......(主动语态starve A of/for B使A得不到所需要的B) ④starve sb. into (doing)sth. 断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事 ⑤starve sb. out 以断绝食物来源迫使某人出来 ⑥die of/from starvation饿死 【即学即练】 1.Teenagers are starved _______ freedom but they have to rely on their parents financially. 2.Many babies of the wild animals will starve to ______(die) if the parents can't feed them.  3.Many people, especially those in poverty-stricken areas, are suffering from________(starve) 【答案】1.for 2.death 3.starvation 【知识梳理3】 release vt. 释放；放开；发泄；公布 n. 释放；发行；解脱 【常用搭配】 ①release...from  sth. 将......从某物中放出来 ②go on release (电影)公映，发行 ③(a) release from... 从......中解脱/释放 【即学即练】 1.Tiny amounts of chemicals_________(release) from the leaves do harm to humans.  2.Working out for half an hour in the gym will give you a release ________the pressure of work. 3.The new film will go on release next week, and I can't wait to watch it in the cinema. (翻译) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1.released 2.from 3.这个新电影要在下周公映，我迫不及待要去电影院观看。 【知识梳理4】sustain vt. 维持；遭受；承受住 【知识拓展】 sustainable adj. 可持续的；合理利用的 sustainability n. 持续性 sustained adj. 持续的，持久 【即学即练】 As we all know, ____________(sustain) has become an important aspect of business. That is to say, it is important ___________(sustain) the sustainable development of the economy. If you do so, your company will get __________(sustain) development. 【答案】sustainability to sustain sustained 【知识梳理5】restrict vt. 限制；限定；束缚；约束 【知识拓展】 ①restrict...to... 把......限制/控制在...... ②restrict sb. /oneself to (doing)sth. 限制某人/自己只做某事 ③be restricted to... 仅限于...... restriction n. [C]限制规定；限制法规；[U]约束 restricted adj. 有限的；受限制的；仅限的 【即学即练】 1.In some regions, the school __________(restrict) class sizes to 30 students.  2.Keep in mind that there are speed ____________(restrict) on this part of the road.  3.The aim of the education is not __________(restrict) to learning knowledge or skills.  【答案】1.restricted 2.restriction 3.restricted 【知识梳理6】5.seize vt. 抓住；夺取；控制；侵袭；突然控制 【常用搭配】 ①seize sth. from... 从......抓住/夺取某物 ②seize a chance/an opportunity to do sth. 抓住机会做某事 ③seize sb. by  the+身体部位 抓住某人的某个部位 ④seize control of  攻占, 夺取 ⑤be seized with /by... 充满(某种情绪) 【特别提醒】 seize表示抓住某人或某物时，可直接用被抓住的部位作宾语，如seize my hand，也可用“seize sb. by the+身体部位”结构，表示身体部位的名词前通常只能用定冠词the，不能用其他冠词或代词。 【即学即练】 1.It is our responsibility __________(seize) every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts. 2.Though a number of attempts have been made, the army can't seize control of the city. (翻译) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.In the big fire, the firefighter spotted a girl who ___________(seize) with fear.    【答案】1.to seize 2.尽管进行了很多尝试，这支军队没有能够攻占这个城市。 3.was seized 1、 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.What shocked the scientists was that the seal _______________ (starve) to death because it couldn’t find enough food to eat. 【答案】starved / had starved 【解析】考查动词时态。句意为“让科学家震惊的是这只海豹因为找不到足够的食物而饿死了”。分析句子结构可知，主句时态为一般过去时，从句动作“饿死”发生在主句动作“震惊”之前，可用一般过去时（starved）或过去完成时（had starved），故填starved / had starved。 2.___________(seize) the precious chance enabled him to get promoted quite easily. 【答案】Seizing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“抓住这个宝贵的机会使他很容易就得到了晋升”。分析句子结构可知，此处作句子的主语，需用动名词形式。故填Seizing。 3.He has a business degree and training in the area of environmental ________________ (sustain). 【答案】sustainability 【解析】考查词性转换（名词）。句意为“他拥有商科学位，并接受过环境可持续发展领域的培训”。分析句子结构可知，空前为形容词environmental，需修饰名词，sustain的名词形式是sustainability，意为“可持续性”。故填sustainability。 4.Without correct leadership, the enthusiasm of the masses cannot ________________ (sustain). 【答案】be sustained 【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意为“没有正确的领导，群众的热情无法维持下去”。分析句子结构可知，主语the enthusiasm与动词sustain之间是被动关系，且情态动词cannot后接动词原形，故填be sustained。 5.A Toronto man is offering a free round- the-world air ticket to the right woman. But__________(restrict) apply. 【答案】restrictions 【解析】考查词性转换（名词复数）。句意为“多伦多一名男子向合适的女士提供一张免费环球机票，但有一些限制条件适用”。分析句子结构可知，此处作句子主语，需用名词形式，restrict的名词是restriction，为可数名词，结合谓语动词apply可知应用复数形式。故填restrictions。 6.In addition to its health benefits, dancing is a fun way ____________ (release) positive energy and make society more pleasant. 【答案】to release 【解析】考查非谓语动词（不定式）。句意为“除了对健康有益，跳舞还是一种释放正能量、让社会更愉悦的有趣方式”。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定搭配a way to do sth.（做某事的方式），不定式作后置定语。故填to release。 7.When the doctor examined him, the man____________(frequent) sneezed and screamed. 【答案】frequently 【解析】考查词性转换（副词）。句意为“医生给他检查时，这名男子频繁打喷嚏、尖叫”。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰动词sneezed and screamed，需用副词形式，frequent的副词是frequently。故填frequently。 8.Many animals died_________________ starvation in the snow 【答案】of 【解析】考查介词。句意为“许多动物在雪中死于饥饿”。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定搭配die of starvation（死于内部原因，饥饿），表示死因。故填of。 2、 课文语法填空 We have known about climate change for decades. Earth is getting warmer and warmer, with evidence including warming oceans, melting ice and rising sea levels. In 2013, a dead polar bear (1) ______ (find) on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard, which shocked many people. Scientists said the bear had starved to death (2) ______ low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant it could not hunt seals as before, forcing it to travel greater (3) ______ (distant) to find food. This case showed how rising temperatures harmed Earth’s ecology. The main cause of rising global temperatures is the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “natural” greenhouse effect keeps Earth warm and habitable (4) ______ trapping some heat from the sun, which is essential for life. (5) ______, human activities, especially burning fossil fuels, produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases. These gases trap more heat, (6) ______ (cause) Earth’s surface temperature to rise rapidly. There is strong evidence that this warming has led to more extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, (7) ______ (damage) property and costing human lives. Climate scientists warn that if we do not take action, this warming trend will continue, (8) ______ will bring higher costs. Continued emissions will cause further warming and long-lasting climate changes. Governments must make policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As individuals, we can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by limiting the carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. We have a responsibility (9) ______ (educate) others about global warming, its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue (10) ______ affects everyone on Earth. 【答案】1. was found 2. because 3. distances 4. by 5. However 6. causing 7. damaging 8. which 9. to educate 10. that 三、阅读理解 Durian(榴莲) is probably the smelliest fruit in the world, letting out an unusual unpleasant smell which would make anyone bring up. However, nobody was aware of what gave this fruit its unique smell, so a team of researchers from Singapore decided to take a look at its genome (基因组) and find out, Durian is well-known throughout Southeast Asia as the king of fruits, mostly because of its awful appearance and smell. However, the origin of this unpleasant smell was unknown, so researchers decided to map the genome of the fruit, and find the gene that controlled it. A group of genes, volatile sulfur compounds (含硫化合物), became very active in the fruit, and they were found responsible for resulting in the unpleasant smell. The fruit confuses everyone with a sulfuric smell, like rotten onions and ingredients. The smell lasts long, mostly because the fruit contains more volatile sulfur compounds. Other species usually benefit from two gene copies at most, but durian has four, leading to the striking smell. However, this smell might be an advantage for durian in the wild. Although we find it unpleasant, many animals might be attracted by it. If they eat the fruit, then they can easily spread its seeds everywhere, thus contributing to the distribution of the species. The mapping of the durian genome also showed some other information on the species. First of all the fruit has an impressive number of genes, namely 46,000. Also, with the help of these genes, they saw how it evolved, and discovered it was related to the cacao tree. All the other discoveries have been published in the journal Nature Genetics. Despite the striking smell many people actually enjoy eating the fruit. However, not all durian species are edible, and some of them may even cause damage to our health, Even so, the fruit is often imported, significantly contributing to the economy. 1. What give durian its unique smell? A. Onions nearby. B. Two gene copies. C. Rotten ingredients in it. D. Volatile sulfur compounds. 2. What does the underlined word “evolved” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Developed. B. Escaped. C. Predicted. D. Tolerated. 3. What can we infer from the text? A. No birds enjoy eating durian. B. Durian can be planted all over the world. C. Some of durian species can not be eaten. D. Durian has no relationship with the cacao tree. 4. What’s the best title for the text? A. What’s Durian? B. The Influence of the Smell C. The Distribution of Durian D. The Mystery of the Unpleasant Smell of Durian 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4.D 【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第二段“so researchers decided to map the genome of the fruit, and find the gene that controlled it. A group of genes, volatile sulfur compounds (含硫化合物), became very active in the fruit, and they were found responsible for resulting in the unpleasant smell.”可知，研究人员找到一组基因——挥发性硫化合物（South-Type），在水果中非常活跃，发现是它们导致了这种难闻的气味。故选D项。 2.猜测词义题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，研究者画出了榴莲的基因图。通过基因图，发现了这种水果的基因庞大，有46000条基因。在这些基因的帮助下，他们了解了榴莲的基因如何演变（evolved）的，并发现榴莲与可可树有关。分析选项（A. develop [生物学]使进化；B.Escape逃脱； C. Predict预言，预测；D. tolerated忍受，容忍。）可知，只有A项develop（使进化），与划线词 evolved 是同义词。故选A项。 3.推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“not all durian species are edible, and some of them may even cause dam6.age to our health,可知，并不是所有的榴莲都是能吃的，有些榴莲是不可以吃的。由此可推断出C项是正确的。 4.主旨大意题。文章说榴莲可能是世界上最臭的水果，但没有人知道原因。新加坡的研究者决定来查明原因。最后通过绘制的榴莲基因图发现了它难闻气味的原因。由此可知，本文最好的题目应该是“榴莲难闻之谜”最为适合，故选D项。 一、阅读理解 A Top Four Festivals in the World Saint Patrick's Day, Ireland Saint Patrick's Day is celebrated anywhere in the world where there are the Irish. If you're going to get involved(参与), there's no better place than Dublin. This festival runs for five days and five nights in March along with performing arts, literature, tours and food events. Holi Festival, India It's also called the “festival of love” as on the full-moon day in March people get together, forgetting all types of bad feeling towards each other. You'll mostly see Holi Festival across India and Nepal, but also in other areas with large Hindu populations. It starts by lighting a night-time bonfire(篝火)where people sing and dance. . People throw coloured water and powder(粉末)to their friends and families to show love and respect. Edinburgh Festival Fringe, Scotland One of the greatest celebrations of arts and culture in the world, the festival runs for three weeks every August throughout the Scottish capital. Artists and performers take to hundreds of stages all over the city to present shows for every taste. The Fringe is run by the Edinburgh Fringe Festival Society to support and encourage the Scottish arts. Montreux Jazz Festival, Switzerland There are plenty of music festivals in Europe, but Montreux Jazz Festival held in October near the Lake Geneva is truly one of a kind and is the second-largest jazz festival in the world. It's not just jazz, though. You'll find broad-ranging concerts from pop to rock and blues, and best of all, most of the performances are free. 1. When does Saint Patrick's Day take place? A. In March. B. In April. C. In August. D. In October. 2. What can you do at Edinburgh Festival Fringe? A. Throw coloured water. B. Taste Irish food. C. Dance near a bonfire. D Watch art shows. 3. Which event will you go to if you just want to attend concerts? A. Holi Festival. B. Montreux Jazz Festival. C. Saint Patrick's Day. D. Edinburgh Festival Fringe. B On the football field, it doesn't always matter what team you're on. When a fellow player is in need, everyone answers the call. A Pennsylvania high school football team, parents, teachers and staff showed a great act of kindness for a member of the host team after a recent game. The game was really a fight to the finish, but these people came together to provide encouragement for a greater fight ahead. The two teams are Avon Grove High School and Coatesville High School. During a Friday night game, both teams came together at midfield to give Gavin Picard balloons and a gift. Gavin. who plays for Avon Grove. was recently diagnosed(诊断)with lymphoma(淋巴瘤): Moved by the kindness of both teams and the community, Rachel Wilson, Gavin's teammate, shared her thoughts about the support for Gavin online. “Coatesville players and caches came up to our team after the game to show their support. There were not very many dry eyes in the stadium." Rachel added that in sports it's about so much more than the game. This act of kindness proved that. She said the Coatesville team had experienced quite a struggling week, so they understood how things could affect players on and off the field. “Class act all the way. Football is more than wins and losses, "she said. “It's a brotherhood, a strong connection like no other. ” Community support for Gavin continues as a family friend set up a GoFundMe page to help raise money for his treatment. There is a sea of love and support for the star football player in the comments. A latest message was shared online that Gavin completed his first round of treatment. 4. What does the underlined word “fight” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. A struggle against illness. B. A hot competition. C. A high hope for success. D. A narrow victory. 5. Why did the two teams come together at midfield? A. To attract their fans' attention. B. To welcome their new teammate. C. To give Gavin Picard their support. D. To celebrate the end of their game. 6. What does Rachel Wilson mean? A. Players should honour one another. B. Teenagers must develop a good habit. C. Competition is a must for a match. D. Football brings people together, 7. Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. A Shared Future B. An Act of Kindness C. A Rising Star D. An Unknown Hero C There’s a song by the great Jamaican singer Bob Marley called So Much Trouble In The World. Marley understood that part of the reason why there are so many problems in the world is the lack of tolerance between people. The UN understands this too––– that’s why it made Nov 16th “International Day for Tolerance”. But first of all, what is tolerance? According to French philosopher Voltaire, tolerance is the consequence of humanity. We are all formed of frailty (脆弱) and error; let us pardon each other’s fool––– that is the first law of nature.” Very often, people don’t realize that they’re intolerant. This is because intolerance has a lot to do with ignorance. For example, the UN’s campaign is in part about the treatment of females by males. But often, the behavior of men toward women is intolerant because men don’t put themselves in the shoes of women. It’s worth thinking a little about the words “tolerance” and “intolerance”. Are they the best words to describe the evils of which we’re speaking here? To agree to be “tolerant” of someone isn’t necessarily a very respectful thing. When someone is tolerated, it implies that there’s something wrong with them. Still, what Voltaire said stands: We humans are not perfect and this weakness is something that we all share. That’s the reason we should be tolerant. It’s a little like generosity. We can give things to another person, and we can also give our forgiveness. 8. What’s the purpose of the UN “International Day For Tolerance”? A. To arouse people’s awareness of tolerance among people. B. To celebrate the founding of the UN. C. To solve the problem of global warming. D. To change peopled opinion towards globalization. 9. Why do men behave intolerantly towards women? A. Because men don’t realize the purpose of the UN. B. Because men are physically stronger than women. C. Because men don’t appreciate the shoes of women. D. Because men are not willing to understand women. 10. Why is it meaningless to use the words “tolerance” and “intolerance”? A. Because they are hard to pronounce in English. B. Because they don’t express the exact meaning people refer to. C. Because they can’t be translated into other languages. D. Because they can’t be used in a respectful way. 11. In what sense is “tolerance” similar to “generosity”? A. Humans are advised to treat others better. B. Humans leant to find faults in others. C. Humans need to give something to others. D. Humans will change their attitudes to others. 【答案】 1.A 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.A 9. D 10. B 11. C 【解析】 1.细节理解题。根据 Saint Patrick's Day，Ireland一节“This festival runs for five days and five nights in March. . . "可知，圣帕特里克节（Saint Patrick's Day）在每年3月份庆祝。故选A。 2.细节理解题。根据Edinburgh Festival Fringe，Scotland一节"Artists and performers take to hundreds of stages all over the city to present shows for every taste. "可知，在爱丁堡边缘艺术节（Edinburgh Festival Fringe）上可观赏艺术展。故选D。 3.细节理解题。根据Montreux Jazz Festival，Switzerland一节“You'll find broad-ranging concerts from pop to rock and blues， and best of all， most of the performances are free. "可知，若只想参加音乐会，可前往蒙特勒爵士音乐节（Montreux Jazz Festival）。故选B。 4.词义猜测题。根据下文，尤其是第三段"Gavin，who plays for Avon Grove， was recently diagnosed（诊断）with lymphoma（淋巴癌）. "可推断，画线词指代与病魔抗争（A struggle against illness）。故选A。 5.细节理解题。根据第三段". . . both teams came together at midfield to give Gavin Picard balloons and a gift. "及第四段"Rachel Wilson. . . shared her thoughtsabout the support for Gavin online. "可知，两支球队在中场集合是为了表示他们对Gavin Picard的关心与支持。故选C。 6.推理判断题。根据第五段"'Football is more than wins and losses，' she said. ‘It's a brotherhood， a strong connection like no other. ""可推断，Rachel Wilson认为足球将这些有爱心的人凝聚起来。故选D。 7.标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了身患淋巴癌的高中生Gavin Picard在周五晚上的一场足球赛上收获了客场球员的关爱，并引起周边爱心人士的关注，支持他战胜病魔，彰显出人们的善意。故选B。 8.细节理解题。根据第一段二、三两句“Marley understood that part of the reason why there are so many problems in the world is the lack of tolerance between people. The UN understands this too --- that’s why it made Nov 16th ‘International Day for Tolerance’.”可推断，世界上的人们缺乏包容，因此联合国把11月16日设置为“国际宽容日”是为了唤起人们的包容意识。故选A。 9.细节理解题。根据第三段尾句“But often, the behavior of men toward women is intolerant because men don’t put themselves in the shoes of women.”可知，男性对女性不包容是因为他们不愿意设身处地的为女性着想，不愿意理解她们。故选D。 10.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段后三句“Are they the best words to describe the evils of which we’re speaking here? To agree to be ‘tolerant’ of someone isn’t necessarily a very respectful thing. When someone is tolerated, it implies that there’s something wrong with them.”可知，对某人宽容并不一定是一件值得尊重的事情，某人如果被包容，就暗示着某人有问题，因此推断使用“宽容”或者“不宽容”是没有意义的，因为它们不能准确表达人们所指的意思。故选B。 11.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句“It’s a little like generosity. We can give things to another person, and we can also give our forgiveness.”可推断，在我们给与别人谅解时，宽容有点像慷慨。故选C。 二、思维提升-观点分享 According to the passage -Climate Change Requires The World’s Attention,share your thoughts about the 2 questions below. 1.What evidence does the text provide to show that Earth's climate is changing dramatically? 2.What actions does the text suggest individuals and governments can take to address climate change? 【答案】 1.The evidence includes a warming ocean and atmosphere, melting ice, rising sea levels, and the rising trend of global surface temperature shown in the graph (1920–2016). Additionally, the starving death of a polar bear due to low sea-ice levels caused by climate change is presented as ecological evidence. 2.Governments: They need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; Individuals: They can reduce their "carbon footprint" by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide their lifestyles produce, and seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, its causes and impacts. 三、思维提升-书面表达 假设你是李华，你校英文报正在开展以“Climate Change and Our Responsibilities”为主题的征文活动。请你根据以下要点，写一篇英语短文投稿： 1. 简述气候变化的现状（如全球气温上升、极地生态受影响等）； 2.谈谈个人和政府可以采取的应对措施； 3.发出倡议，呼吁大家关注气候变化。 要求：词数100左右，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【参考范文】 Climate change has become a critical issue that requires global attention. Warming oceans, melting ice, and rising sea levels are clear signs of dramatic climate change. A heartbreaking example is the starving polar bear found in Svalbard in 2013, which died because climate change reduced sea ice and prevented it from hunting seals. To address this, governments should make policies to cut greenhouse gas emissions. As individuals, we can reduce our carbon footprint by limiting carbon production in our daily lives and educating others about global warming. Let’s take action now to protect our planet! 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $