Unit 3 Environmental Protection Learning About Language 预习学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Learning About Language 预习学案 核心词汇 1. harmonious adj. 和谐的 harmony n. 融洽；和谐 in harmony with sb/sth 与某人/物协调 out of harmony with sb/sth 与某人/物不协调 live/work in harmony 很融洽地生活/工作 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/同义句转换 ①The conversation was carried on in a (harmony) and friendly atmosphere. ②Only in this way can we protect our environment and be ______ harmony with nature. ③To build a harmonious world, the developed countries should be in harmony with others. → To build a harmonious world, the developed countries shouldn’t ______ others. 2. submit vt. & vi. 提交；呈递；屈服 (1) submit to... 向……屈服/认输 submit oneself to... 顺从/屈服于…… submit... to... 把……提交给…… (2) submission n. 投降；提交(物)；服从 即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子 ① No one becomes a member of the team who is not prepared to submit ______ (he) to the rules of the team. ② Your monthly budget must be submitted ______ the company on the first day of each month. ③ We think an attempt to force them into ______ (submit) would be lost. ④ 你必须在6月28日前提交你的文章，这一点很重要。 It is important that before 28th, June. 单元语法 直接引语和间接引语 引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。引述别人的原话，并将原话用引号标出，称为直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，不需要引号标出的称为间接引语。 直接引语和间接引语之间的转化规则有以下几种： 一、人称变化的三原则 1. “第一人称随主”原则 如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，变为间接引语时从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。 Mary said, “I want to have a computer of my own.” 玛丽说：“我想拥有一台我自己的电脑。”(直接引语中为第一人称) → Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own. 玛丽说，她想拥有一台她自己的电脑。(间接引语中随主语改为第三人称) 2. “第二人称随宾”原则 如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第二人称或第三人称修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要跟引导句的主语的宾语一致。如果引导句的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。 Her colleague said to her, "Who did you ask for leave?" 她的同事对她说：“你向谁请了假？”（直接引语中为第二人称） → Her colleague asked her who she had asked for leave. 她的同事问她向谁请了假。（间接引语中的主语随主句宾语改为第三人称） 3. “第三人称不更新”原则 直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。 Mr. Li said, "Jack is a good worker." 李先生说：“杰克是一位好工人。”（直接引语中的主语为第三人称） → Mr. Li said Jack was a good worker. 李先生说杰克是一位好工人。（间接引语中的人称不变） [即时训练1]——把下列直接引语变为间接引语 ① She said, "I have not heard from him since May." → She said that ______ had not heard from him since May. ② "When did you go to bed last night?" Father said to Peter. → Father asked ______ when ______ had gone to bed the night before. ③ Mr. Smith said, "Mary is a good worker." → Mr. Smith said that ______ was a good worker. 二、时态的变化 直接引语变间接引语时，如果主句为过去时态，间接引语的时态则相应向前推一个时态。如下表所示： | 直接引语 | 间接引语 | | 一般现在时 | 一般过去时 | | 现在进行时 | 过去进行时 | | 现在完成时 | 过去完成时 | | 一般过去时 | 过去完成时 | | 过去完成时 | 过去完成时（不变） | | 一般将来时 | 过去将来时 | [名师点评] 直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况： (1) 直接引语是客观真理、谚语或格言； (2) 直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。 Our teacher said to us yesterday, "Early birds catch worms." 昨天老师对我们说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”（直接引语是谚语） → Our teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms. 昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。（间接引语时态不变） [即时训练2] 单句语法填空 ①John said that he ______ (like) reading storybooks. ②He told me that he ______ (find) his wallet. ③Mr. Wang told the children that he ______ (leave) for Shanghai on business the next month. ④She said that she ______ (finish) her work till that day. 三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化 直接引语 间接引语 this 这个 that 那个 these 这些 those 那些 now 现在 then 那时 | today 今天 | that day 那天 | | this morning 今天上午 | that morning 那天上午 | | tonight 今天晚上 | that night 那天晚上 | | tomorrow 明天 | the next/following day 第二天 | | yesterday 昨天 | the day before | | last night 昨天晚上 | the night before | | the day before yesterday 前天 | two days before | | three days ago 三天前 | three days before | | next week 下周 | the next week | | 地点状语 | here 这儿 | there 那儿 | | 方向性动词 | bring 带来 | take 带走 | | come 来 | go 去 | [即时训练3] 把下列直接引语变为间接引语 1. He said, "I'm afraid I can't finish this work." → He said that he was afraid he couldn't finish work. 2. Tom said, "I will visit the Great Wall tomorrow." → Tom said that he would visit the Great Wall . 3. Miss Zhao said, "These problems are easy." → Miss Zhao said that ______ problems were easy. 4. Bob said, "His wife returned from London 40 years ago." → Bob said that his wife had returned from London 40 years ______. 5. He said to me, "I wrote to my friend yesterday." → He told me that he had written to his friend . 四、连接词的选择 1. 直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可以省略。 2. 直接引语是一般疑问句，选择疑问句或反义疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(...or...或...or not)或if引导。 [名师点评] 如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。 3. 直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。 [名师点津] 疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。 [即时训练4] 将下列句子改为间接引语 ① “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne. → Anne ______ want to set down a series of facts in a diary. ② I walked over and asked him, “Why aren’t you with the other children?” → I walked over and asked him ______ with the other children. ③ I just kept nodding when he asked me, “Is it OK to do this way?” → I just kept nodding when he asked me ______. ④ “What should we do to cheer Poppy up?” asked Dad. → Dad asked ______ to cheer Poppy up. ⑤ “Where are you going?” the father asked his son. → The father asked his son ______. 五、直接引语为祈使句时的变化 当直接引语为祈使句，变间接引语时主句的谓语动词应根据直接引语的口气换用 ask, invite, advise, warn, tell, order 等词，而原直接引语中的谓语动词则变为不定式。 He said to me, “Don’t be late tomorrow.” 他对我说：“明天不要迟到。” → He told me not to be late the next day. 他告诉我第二天不要迟到。 [即时训练5] 将直接引语变为间接引语 ① The teacher said to the boy, “Open the door, please!” → __________________________________________ ② His father said to him, “Don’t leave the window open when you are out.” → ____________________________________________________________ ③ “Please explain why you’re late,” the boss said to him. → ____________________________________________ 短文语境填空 Last Monday I visited Dr. James’ clinic. He asked me 1. ______ (arrive/to arrive) at 8:30 2. ______ (tonight/that night). He 3. ______ (said/told) me to bring 4. ______ (my/your) ______ (nightshirt and toothbrush. I arrived on time. His assistant, Charles, invited me 5. ______ (watch/to watch) TV in the waiting room. He told me to relax 6. ______ (here/there) while they got my room ready. An hour later, Charles came back and got me ready for bed. He linked me to a machine. “Could you please 7. ______ (explain/to explain)?” I asked. He explained that the machine recorded brain activity. Charles ordered me 8. ______ (don’t/not to) leave the bed until the next morning. To my surprise, I fell asleep right away. In the morning, Dr. James told me that except for some leg movements during the night, I had healthy sleep patterns. He advised me 9. ______ (get/to get) some more exercise. At last, he suggested 10. ______ (go/move/go to go) on a diet. 参考答案 核心词汇 1. ① harmonious ② in ③ be out of harmony with 2. ① himself ② to ③ submission ④ you should submit your article 单元语法 [即时训练 1] ① she ② Peter; he ③ Mary [即时训练 2] ① liked ② had found ③ would leave ④ hadn’t finished [即时训练 3] ① that ② the next day ③ those ④ before ⑤ the day before [即时训练 4] ① said that she didn’t ② why he wasn’t ③ whether/if it was OK to do that way ④ what they should do ⑤ where he was going [即时训练 5] ① The teacher told the boy to open the door. ② His father told him not to leave the window open when he was out. ③ The boss asked him to explain why he was late. 短文语境填空 1. to arrive 2. that night 3. told 4. my 5. to watch 6. there 7. explain 8. not to 9. to get 10. my going 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $