Unit 4 课时3 Section 2 Grammar（分层作业）英语新教材沪教版八年级下册

Unit 4 Arts and heritage Section 3 Grammar分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、基础知识夯实 A、以do 为例写出下面各种时态的被动语态 时态 被动语态 一般现在时 am / is / are done 一般过去时 一般将来时 含有情态动词的被动语态 【答案】was / were done will / shall be done can/must/may/should be done A、当主语是这个动作的执行者时，用______________ 当主语是这个动作的承受者时，用_______________ They built this house. 他们建造了这座房子。 主语_________是built这个动作的_________,故用主动语态 【答案】They 执行者 Many trees are planted every year. 每年种植大量的树 主语__________是plant这个动作的__________，动词用被动语态。 【答案】Many tree 承受者 【典例分析】 1. Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains _______by Huang Gongwang. It ______ the beauty of Jiangnan A. was painted, was shown B. painted, showed C.was painted, shows D. is painted, showed 【答案】C 【解析】句意：《富春山居图》是黄公望所画。它展现了江南之美。第一空画作为过去被创作，主语是动作的承受着。用一般过去时的被动语态 was painted；第二空表示画作客观展示的内容，用一般现在时且主语是动作的执行者 故用主动态shows，故选 C。 2. The paintings _____ in the library in the future, and the artist _________a talk. A.will be displayed, will be given B.will display, will be given C.will display, will give D. will be displayed, will give 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这些画作将来会在图书馆展出，这位艺术家将会做一场讲座。第一空画作是 “被展出”，用一般将来时被动 will be displayed；第二空艺术家主动做讲座，用主动 will give，故选 D。 B、被动语态场景用法 当强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。 当未知动作的执行者时，用被动语态。 C 含有情态动词的被动语态 基本结构：情态动词+_________+_________。 否定句： 情态动词+_________+ be+过去分词。 疑问句： 情态动词+_________+be+过去分词。 【答案】be 过去分词, not, 主语 点对点练习 1.这项工作必须今天完成。 The work must_________ _________ today. 2.所有的花都应该一天浇两次水。 All the flowers _________ _________ _________ twice a day. 3.这些不能将书带出室外。 The books__________ _________ _________ _________ of the room. 4.这可以由机器来做吗？ Can this _________ _________by machine? 5.应该什么时候喂狗？ When should the dog _________ _________? 【答案】1.be finished 2.should be watered 3.can’t be brought out 4.be done 5.be fed 1、 单项选择 1. Shenzhou-14 manned spaceship ________ into space successfully on June 5th, 2022. A. is sent B. sent C. was sent D. had sent 【答案】C 【解析】句意：神舟十四号载人飞船于2022年6月5日成功发射进入太空。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。is sent被发送，一般现在时的被动语态；sent发送，一般过去时的主动语态；was sent被发送，一般过去时的被动语态；had sent已经发送，过去完成时的主动语态。主语“Shenzhou-14 manned spaceship”是动作“send into space”的承受者，应用被动语态。根据时间状语“on June 5th, 2022”，可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故选C。 2. —The beautiful handicraft on the table looks so special. Who made it? —It ________ by my grandmother last week. She’s very skilful. A. makes B. made C. was made D. is made 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——桌上那件漂亮的手工艺品看起来很特别。谁做的？——它是我奶奶上周做的。她手艺很好。 考查被动语态。根据答句中的“last week”可知动作发生在过去，且主语“It”指代手工艺品，与动词“make”之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+过去分词”。故选C。 3. —My old mobile phone ________ last week because I have had it for many years. —Oh, I notice it looks new and bright again. A. is repaired B. was repaired C. will be repaired D. is repairing 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我的旧手机上周被修好了，因为我用了很多年。——哦，我注意到它现在看起来又新又亮了。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“My old mobile phone”和“repair”可知，主语“我的旧手机”与“修理”之间是被动关系，且时间状语“last week”表明动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 4. A talent show ________ in our school next Friday afternoon. Let’s go and watch it. A. holds B. is held C. held D. will be held 【答案】D 【解析】句意：一场才艺表演将于下周五下午在我们学校举行。我们去看吧。 考查动词时态和语态。holds第三人称单数，主动语态；is held一般现在时的被动语态；held动词过去式；will be held一般将来时的被动语态。根据时间状语“next Friday afternoon”可知，动作发生在将来；且“才艺表演”与“举行”之间是被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。 5. According to the laws, 3D glasses ________ if you are going to watch a 3D film. A. is provided B. will be provided C. is served D. will be served 【答案】B 【解析】句意：根据法律规定，如果你要观看3D电影，会提供3D眼镜。 考查动词辨析和一般将来时的被动语态。根据“if you are going to watch a 3D film.”可知，主句描述的是在“将要观看3D电影”这一未来条件下的结果，需用一般将来时；主语“3D glasses”是动作的承受者（被提供），因此用被动语态（be + 过去分词）；提供眼镜应用“provide”。故选B。 6. Don’t worry, Tom! The problem ______ when Jane comes to help us. A. solved B. has solved C. was solved D. will be solved 【答案】D 【解析】句意：别担心了，汤姆！当简来帮助我们时，这个问题就会得到解决。 考查时态及语态。主语The problem与动词solve构成被动关系，根据“when Jane comes to help us”可知，该句为when引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时“will do”，所以应用一般将来时的被动语态“will be done”。故选D。 7. It is difficult for us to know ahead of time when an earthquake will ________. A. be taken place B. happen C. take place D. be happened 【答案】B 【解析】句意：提前知道地震发生的时间对我们而言是很困难的。 考查被动语态和动词辨析。happen常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的事件“发生”；take place指某事按计划进行或按计划“发生”。happen与take place均不能用于被动语态。地震发生是不可预测的，所以要用happen。故选B。 8. She ________ to visit her grandparents last weekend because she missed them very much. A. will decide B. is deciding C. decided D. decides 【答案】C 【解析】句意：她上周末决定去看望她的祖父母，因为她非常想念他们。 考查动词时态。will decide将决定，一般将来时；is deciding正在决定，现在进行时；decided决定，一般过去时；decides决定，一般现在时。根据时间状语“last weekend（上周末）”可知，动作发生在过去，应使用一般过去时。故选C。 9. Personal information _________ before the meeting starts. A. must check B. must to check C. must be checked D. must have checked 【答案】C 【解析】句意：在会议开始前，必须检查个人信息。主语“Personal information”与动词check之间是动宾关系，结合“must”可知用含情态动词的被动语态，其结构为must be done。故选C。 10. — What should we do first if we want to develop our village? — First of all, a new road ______, I think. A. must build B. has to build C. must be built D. has built 【答案】C 【解析】考查被动语态的用法。当主语是动作的承受着时要用被动形式。这里a new road是动词build的承受着。所以要用被动语态。含情态动词的被动语态构成；情态动词+be+PP.故答案选C 11. This English song _________ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung 【答案】D 【解析】考查一般现在时被动语态的结构为be动词+动词过去分词，歌是被唱的，故选D。 12. Attention, please! All the mobile phones ____ during the meeting. A. must be kept off B. are keeping off C. kept off D. have kept off 【答案】A 【解析】考查被动语态的用法。当主语是动作的承受着时要用被动形式。这里All the mobile phones“所有手机”是动词keep off（关机）的承受着。所以要用被动语态。含情态动词的被动语态构成；情态动词+be+PP.故答案选A 13.Many of the stars ______ because they are far away from us. A. may not see B. needn’t see C. can not be seen D. mustn’t be seen 【答案】C 【解析】这里考查含情态动词的被动语态形式。May 可能。needn’t不必。Can not 不能，mustn’t 禁止。这里表示“能，会”所以选C。 14. —Oh, your room is too dirty, Mike! —Sorry, Mum. It ___ _yesterday. I forgot to do it. A. didn’t clean B. isn’t cleaned C. was cleaned D. wasn’t cleaned 【答案】D 【解析】句意：— —哦，你的房间太脏了，迈克！ — —对不起，妈妈。昨天没有打扫。我忘了做。A为一般过去时，主动语态；B为一般现在时的被动句；C为一般过去时的被动句；D为一般过去时的被动句。根据yesterday.可知，本题的时态为一般过去时，因此排除B；再根据I forgot to do it. 我忘了做。说明没有打扫房间，因此排除C；句中的主语It是代指上文的your room，your room做主语，应该用被动语态，选项A为主动语态，排除，故选D。 15. Attention ______ your grammar and spelling. A. should be paid to B. should be paid C. should pay to D. should pay 【答案】A 【解析】句意：应该注意你的语法和拼写。 考查含有情态动词的被动语态。pay attention to“注意”，固定搭配，主语attention与动词pay是被动关系，故此处用含有情态动词should的被动语态should be done的结构，故选A。 二、用动词的适当形式填空。(注意分辨主动，被动和时态) 1. She _____________（invite）to the party last night. 2. I ________ (wash) some clothes at home yesterday morning. 3. The teacher ___________(tell) the children to collect litter in the park ten minutes ago. 4.Rice _________________(plant) in China. 5.That book ______________ (return) tomorrow. 6.The story can ______________ （understand）easily. 7.Some pictures must ______________ （colour）with different colours. 8. We should ________(use) this tool to make cartoons. 9.Nowadays computers _______ (use) all over the world. 10.The work __________ (finish) in two hours. 11. The window _____________(clean) just now. It ________(look) quite bright now. 12.You’re late. All the tickets 　　 (sell) out an hour ago.   13.The water 　　 (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool.   14.The new school library 　　 (not build) next September.  15. The sick man __________(take) good care of before he _________(come) here. 【答案】1.was invited 2.washed 3.told 4.is planted 5.will be returned 6.be understood 7.be coloured 8.use 9.are used 10.will be finished 11.was cleaned looks 12.were sold 13.felt 14.won’t be built 15.was taken came 三、按要求完成下列各题 1.Dr. Ma cured the old man's serious eye problem two months ago.(改为被动语态) 2.A new mobile phone was bought for me by him last weekend.(改为主动语态) 3. Simon will finish the plan tomorrow.（变成被动语态） 4.Lily saw many boys play football on the play-ground.(改为被动语态)   5.The bike was produced in 2013. (对画线部分提问) 6.The new machine was made by Tom. (对画线部分提问) 7.Did your uncle wash the car yesterday afternoon？(改为被动语态) 8.Will Tina repair the machine next week?（变成被动语态） 【答案】1. The old man's serious eye problem was cured by Dr. Ma cured two months ago 2. He bought me a new mobile phone last weekend. 3. The plan will be finished (by Simon) tomorrow. 4. Many boys were seen to play football on the play-ground.　 5.When was the bike produced？ 6.By whom was the new machine made?/ who/whom was the new machine made by? 7.Was the car washed by your uncle yesterday afternoon? 8.Will the machine be repaired (by Tina)next week? 四、完成句子。 1. 他们昨天打了一个小时的篮球。 Basketball ________ ________ by them for an hour yesterday. 2. 刚才我听见她弹钢琴了。 She ________ ________ ________ ________ the piano by me just now. 3. 这份工作将不会被科技轻易地取代(replace)，因为病人需要人类的关爱和善意。 This job________ technology easily because patients need human care and kindness. 4. 公司下个月将组织一个新的培训项目。 A new training programme by the company next month. 5. 为了帮助学生了解自然，本周星期五将举办一场关于野生动物的讲座。 In order to help students learn about nature, a lecture about wild animals this Friday. 6. 你的卧室必须马上打扫干净。 Your bedroom _______ ______ ________ right now. 7. 这项工作可以下周完成。 The work _______ _______ _________ next week. 8. 这些电脑只可以在电脑室使用。 These computers ________ _______ _______ only in the computer room. 9. 不应该砍伐树木。 The trees __________ ______ ________down. 10.《富春山居图》是黄公望所绘，展现了江南之美 Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains ____ ______by Huang Gongwang. It ______ the beauty of Jiangnan 11.这幅画创作历时数年，后作为礼物赠送给了一位朋友。 The painting ____ _______over several years and _____ ______to a friend as a gift. 12.过去数百名艺术家喜爱这幅画，它被多次临摹。 In the past, hundreds of artists______ the painting and it _____ _____ many times. 13.大约在1650年，原作毁于火灾，并被一分为二。 Around 1650, the original work ____ _______by fire and __ ____into two parts. 14.2011年，这两部分作品终于在一次展览中合体展出。 In 2011, the two pieces _____ _____ _______together in an exhibition. 15.这些画作将在图书馆展出(display)，同时，艺术家也将受邀发表演讲。 The paintings _____ _____ _____in the library, and the artist ____ ____a talk. 【答案】1.was played 2.was seen to play 3. won’t be replaced by 4. will be organized 5.will be held 6.must be cleaned 7.may be finished 8.can/may be used 9.must be cut 10 was painted shows 11.was created was given 12.lovedwascopied 13. was damaged 14.was split were finally shown 15.will bedisplayed will give 五、短文填词 A语法填空 The tradition of sending Christmas cards was started in the UK in 1843 by Sir Henry Cole. He thought sending cards would help out the post office 1.　　　　 giving the common people something to receive(接收) and mail.  Sir Henry 2.　　　　(share) the idea of Christmas cards with his friend John Horsley. They designed(设计) the first card. About 1,000 cards 3.　　　　(print) and sold. They are now very valuable(宝贵的) and people need to spend thousands of pounds or dollars on them!  The first postal service that common people could use 4.　　　　(start) in 1840. Before that, only very rich people had enough money to send anything in the mail. Cards became much popular in the UK when they could 5.　　　　(mail) for half the price of a common letter.  As printing ways improved, Christmas cards 6.　　　　(produce) in large numbers from about 1860.  And the cost of sending post cards, and also Christmas cards 7.　　　　(drop) a lot. This meant more people were able to send cards. By the early 1900s, the tradition had spread over Europe and had become very popular, 8.　　　　(especial) in Germany.  In the 1910s and 1920s, home-made cards became popular. They were usually too delicate(易损坏的) 9.　　　　 send through the mail, so they were given by hand.  Nowadays, cards have all kinds of pictures on them. Charities(慈善机构) often sell their own Christmas cards 10.　　　　 a way of raising money at Christmas.  【答案】1.by　 2.shared　3.were printed 4.was started　5.be mailed 6.were produced　7.dropped 8.especially　9.to　10.as 六、左栏是五个学生各自介绍其感兴趣的不同传统文化，右栏是七种中国传统文化的介绍。请为这五个人推荐他们感兴趣的传统文化。 1 Eliza is crazy about traditional Chinese painting and she wants to learn how to paint from a famous Chinese painter. 2 Dennis is from America. He is studying art in Sichuan University. He is interested in face changing in Sichuan Opera and he wants to learn it. 3 Vera is a Russian girl who lives in Jiangxi. She is very interested in Chinese porcelain (瓷器). She thinks the artistry (技艺) used on the porcelain is really amazing. 4 Larry likes traditional Chinese folk handicrafts. He’s interested in Chinese clay art. He thinks the clay pieces look lively and cute. 5 Sam studies Chinese history in Wuhan University. He has interest in ancient Chinese art. Puppet show (木偶戏) is one of his favorites. He admires those skillful men who are able to control the puppets and do various tricks. A. Chinese clay art Chinese clay art is famous because the clay pieces are so small but they look very real. The pieces are usually cute children or lively characters from a Chinese fairy tale or historical story. B. Chinese knots Traditional Chinese decorative knots, also known as Chinese knots, are typical local arts of China. They are a traditional Chinese folk handicraft (手工品) woven separately from one piece of thread and named according to its shape and meaning. C. Sky lanterns According to Chinese history, sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming. He sent them out to ask for help when in trouble. Today, sky lanterns are used at festivals and other celebrations for good luck. D. Chinese painting Chinese painting can be traced back to paintings on Neolithic pottery (新石器时代的陶器) six or seven thousand years ago. Since similar tools and lines were used for the earliest painting and writing, painting is said to have the same origin as calligraphy (书法). E. Face changing It is said the origin of face changing has something to do with the resistance of wild beasts (野兽). In ancient times, when coming across a ferocious (凶猛的) animal, people used to draw different patterns on their faces to scare the animal away and keep themselves safe. F. Puppet show Puppet show is an ancient art form. In the show, the inanimate puppets are manipulated (操纵) by puppeteers to do all kinds of tricks. Strings, wires or rods are fixed on the key joint of the puppets and the puppeteers control the actions of puppets. G. china China is the hometown of china. The invention of china is a great contribution (贡献) to world civilization (文明). In English, china means porcelain. China is the earliest country with porcelain technology. 【答案】1. D 2. E 3. G 4. A 5. F 【解析】本文是五个学生各自介绍其感兴趣的不同传统文化，为这五个人推荐他们感兴趣的传统文化。 1. 根据“Eliza is crazy about traditional Chinese painting and she wants to learn how to paint from a famous Chinese painter.”可知，伊莉莎对国画很着迷，她想向一位著名的中国画家学习画画。选项D“中国画 中国画可追溯至六七千年前新石器时代陶器上的绘画。由于最早的绘画与文字书写使用了相似的工具和线条，因此据说绘画与书法同源。”与之相符。故选D。 2. 根据“Dennis is from America. He is studying art in Sichuan University. He is very interested in face changing in Sichuan Opera and he even wants to learn it.”可知，丹尼斯对川剧的变脸很感兴趣。选项E“变脸 据说，变脸的起源与抵御野兽有关。在古代，当人们遇到凶猛的野兽时，他们会在脸上画出不同的图案，以此来吓跑野兽，确保自己的安全。”与之相符。故选E。 3. 根据“Vera is a Russian girl who lives in Jiangxi. She is very interested in Chinese porcelain (瓷器). She thinks the artistry (技艺) used on the porcelain is really amazing.”可知，薇拉对中国瓷器很感兴趣。选项G“瓷器 中国是瓷器的故乡。瓷器的发明是对世界文明的一大贡献。在英语中，china意为瓷器。中国是拥有瓷器技术最早的国家。”与之相符。故选G。 4. 根据“Larry likes traditional Chinese folk handicrafts. He’s interested in Chinese clay art. He thinks the clay pieces look lively and cute.”可知，拉里喜欢中国传统的民间手工艺品，他对中国泥塑艺术特别感兴趣。选项A“中国泥塑 中国泥塑艺术之所以闻名，是因为泥塑作品虽小，却看起来极为逼真。这些作品通常是可爱的孩童形象，或是源自中国神话故事及历史典故中的生动角色。”与之相符。故选A。 5. 根据“Sam studies Chinese history in Wuhan University. He has interest in ancient Chinese art. Puppet show (木偶戏) is one of his favorites. He admires those skillful men who are able to control the puppets and do various tricks.”可知，山姆对木偶戏很感兴趣，选项F“木偶戏 木偶戏是一种古老的艺术形式。在表演中，木偶师操纵着无生命的木偶来完成各种技巧动作。木偶的关键关节上固定着线、钢丝或杆，木偶师通过它们来控制木偶的动作。”与之相符。故选F。 八、语法选择 Chinese calligraphy (书法) is a form of pleasing writing. This kind of expression has been used 1 in China. The paper, brush, ink, and ink, stone 2 important tools for Chinese calligraphy. They 3 together as the Four Treasures of the Study. Many people choose 4 special paper, such as Xuan paper, Maobian paper, Lianshi paper etc. Any modern paper can be used for 5 . Because of the long-term use, Xuan paper became well-known by most people. The brush is 6 traditional writing tool. The body of the brush pen can be made from either bamboo, or 7 things such as glass, silver, even gold. Pre-mixed bottled inks are much 8 , but they are used mainly for practice. 9 Chinese calligraphy is written only in black ink, calligraphy teachers sometimes use a bright orange or red ink to correct students’ work. Inkstones are mixed with water for use. Inkstones are also considered as valuable art objects in Chinese culture. So they are usually collected and treasured 10 Chinese and some foreigners. Besides choosing the Four Treasures of the Study, it 11 necessary to learn the traditional rules to enjoy calligraphy. Among these rules are: The characters must 12 correctly. The characters must be clear enough 13 . The characters must be pleasing in a tasteful way. If one does not know the 14 of the characters they write, he does not produce good calligraphy. The study of Calligraphy will help one improve the understanding of Chinese people and 15 culture. Through it, one can better understand the Chinese way of thinking as well as the Chinese way of life than before. 1. A. wide B. widely C. wider D. more widely 2. A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. A. know B. knew C. are known D. are knowing 4. A. use B. to use C. using D. to using 5. A. writing B. writes C. wrote D. write 6. A. a B. an C. the D. / 7. A. another B. other C. others D. the others 8. A. cheap B. cheaply C. cheaper D. the cheapest 9. A. So B. But C. Although D. Because 10. A. with B. at C. to D. by 11. A. was B. is C. will be D. would be 12. A. write B. wrote C. be written D. be writing 13. A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read 14. A. mean B. means C. meant D. meaning 15. A. their B. theirs C. them D. themselves 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. D 14. D 15. A 【解析】本文主要介绍了中国书法——一种优美的书写艺术形式。 1. 句意：这种表达在中国被广泛使用。 wide宽的，形容词；widely广泛的，副词；wider更宽的，形容词比较级；more widely更广泛的，副词比较级。根据“This kind of expression has been used…in China.”可知，此处应用副词widely修饰动词used。故选B。 2. 句意：纸、笔、墨、砚是中国书法的重要工具。 is是，用于第三人称单数；are是，用于第二人称及第一、三人称复数；was是，过去式，用于第三人称单数；were是，过去式，用于第二人称及第一、三人称复数。根据“The paper, brush, ink, and ink, stone…important tools for Chinese calligraphy.”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词应用are。故选B。 3. 句意：它们一起被称为“文房四宝”。 know知道，动词原形；knew知道，过去式；are known被知道，一般现在时的被动语态；are knowing正在知道，现在进行时。根据“They…together as the Four Treasures of the Study.”可知，主语是动作的承受者，此处应用被动语态are known表示“被知道”。故选C。 4. 句意：许多人选择使用特殊的纸张，如宣纸、毛边纸、连史纸等。 use使用，动词原形；to use使用，不定式；using使用，动名词/现在分词；to using使用，介宾短语。根据“Many people choose…special paper”可知，此处应用不定式to use构成choose to do sth.“选择做某事”。故选B。 5. 句意：任何现代纸张都可以用于书写。 writing书写，动名词；writes书写，第三人称单数；wrote书写，过去式；write书写，动词原形。根据“Any modern paper can be used for…”可知，for是介词，后跟动名词形式作宾语。故选A。 6. 句意：毛笔是一个传统的书写工具。 a一个，不定冠词；an一个，不定冠词；the定冠词；/无冠词。根据“The brush is…traditional writing tool.”可知，此处表达“一个”，traditional是辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故选A。 7. 句意：毛笔的笔杆可以由竹子或其他材料制成，如玻璃、银甚至金。 another另一个；other其他的；others其他人或物；the others其余的。根据“The body of the brush pen can be made from either bamboo, or…things such as glass, silver, even gold.”可知，other为形容词修饰名词things，此处应用other。故选B。 8. 句意：预混合的瓶装墨水更便宜，但它们主要用于练习。 cheap便宜的，形容词；cheaply便宜地，副词；cheaper更便宜的，形容词比较级；the cheapest最便宜的，形容词最高级。根据“Pre-mixed bottled inks are much…”可知，此处表达更加便宜，应用形容词比较级cheaper。故选C。 9. 句意：虽然中国书法通常用黑墨水书写，但书法老师有时会用亮橙色或红色墨水来批改学生的作品。 So所以；But但是；Although虽然；Because因为。根据“…Chinese calligraphy is written only in black ink, calligraphy teachers sometimes use a bright orange or red ink to correct students’ work.”可知，此处表达“虽然……但是……”，应用Although引导表示“虽然”。故选C。 10. 句意：因此，它们通常被中国人和一些外国人收藏和珍视。 with和；at在；to到；by被。根据“So they are usually collected and treasured…Chinese and some foreigners.”可知，此处表示“被”，应用by。故选D。 11. 句意：除了选择文房四宝，学习传统规则也是享受书法的必要条件。 was是，一般过去时；is是，一般现在时；will be将是，一般将来时；would be将是，虚拟语气。根据“Besides choosing the Four Treasures of the Study, it…necessary to learn the traditional rules to enjoy calligraphy.”可知，此处应用is构成句型It is +形容词 to do sth.表示“做某事是……的”。故选B。 12. 句意：汉字必须正确书写。 write写，动词原形；wrote写，过去式；be written被写，被动语态；be writing正在写，进行时。根据“The characters must…correctly.”可知，此处应用被动语态be written表示“被书写”，must是情态动词，情态动词后跟动词原形。故选C。 13. 句意：汉字必须足够清晰以便阅读。 read读，动词原形；reads读，第三人称单数；reading读，动名词/现在分词；to read读，不定式。根据“The characters must be clear enough…”可知，此处应用不定式to read表目的。故选D。 14. 句意：如果一个人不知道他们所写汉字的意义，他就无法创作出好的书法。 mean意思，动词原形；means意思，第三人称单数；meant意思，过去式；meaning意思，动名词/现在分词。根据“If one does not know the…of the characters they write, he does not produce good calligraphy.”可知，此处应用动名词meaning，构成the+名词+of结构。故选D。 15. 句意：书法研究将帮助人们提高对中国人和中国文化的理解。 their他们的，形容词性物主代词；theirs他们的，名词性物主代词；them他们；themselves他们自己。根据“The study of Calligraphy will help one improve the understanding of Chinese people and…culture.”可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词their，修饰名词culture。故选A。 九、阅读理解 A Weiqi, commonly known as Go in English, is a board game that originated in ancient China. The game is considered one of the Four Arts that Chinese literators (文人) were required to master. Besides Weiqi, they had to learn Chinese calligraphy (shu), painting (hua) and guqin playing (qin). Weiqi has a history of over 4,000 years, even older than Chinese chess. According to some historical records, the game, known as Yi in its early years, is said to have been invented by Yao (尧). Seeing that his son had a bad temper (脾气), Yao was rather worried. So he decided to find something that could help educate his son, and a simple board game came to him. The rules of Weiqi are simple: using black and white stones (棋子), two players take turns placing their stones on empty cross points of the board. The goal is to surround (包围) a larger total area on the board while preventing one’s own stones from being taken by the opponent (对手). Stones do not move and are only taken off the board if they are completely surrounded. The scene of two people playing Weiqi appears in many traditional Chinese paintings. The image of a player holding a stone over the board, looking for a place to put it, was later turned into a popular Chinese idiom (成语), which means “unsure about making a move”. The expression is still widely used today. With its development, Weiqi grew in popularity. Later, it spread to Japan, South and North Korea and Western countries. Today, it has become an international board game. 1. What’s the main idea of the second paragraph? A. The origin (起源) of Weiqi. B. The rules of Weiqi. C. The development of Weiqi. D. The popularity of Weiqi. 2. What does the underlined expression “unsure about making a move” mean in the fourth paragraph? A. 观棋不语 B. 举棋不定 C. 出其不意 D. 棋逢对手 3. What can we learn from the passage? A. Weiqi has a history of more than 5,000 years. B. Weiqi is a simple board game that is enjoyed by the old. C. Weiqi has become more and more popular around the world. D. The player who surrounds a smaller total area wins the game. 4. In which part of a newspaper can you probably read the passage? A. Science. B. Travel. C. Stories. D. Culture. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 【解析】本文主要介绍围棋的起源、规则和发展历程。 1. 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍围棋的起源，故选A。 2. 词句猜测题。根据“The image of a player holding a stone over the board, looking for a place to put it, was later turned into a popular Chinese idiom (成语), which means “unsure about making a move”.”可知，一位棋手将一块石头高高举过棋盘，四处寻找放置位置的画面，后来被转化为一个广为流传的中国成语，其含义是“犹豫不决，不知如何落子”，也就是“举棋不定”，故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据“With its development, Weiqi grew in popularity. Later, it spread to Japan, South and North Korea and Western countries. Today, it has become an international board game.”可知，随着其的发展，围棋逐渐流行起来。后来，它传到了日本、韩国、朝鲜以及西方国家。如今，它已成为一种国际性的棋类游戏。由此可知，围棋在世界各地的受欢迎程度越来越高。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。本文主要介绍围棋的起源、规则和发展历程，所以推测可能在报纸的文化部分看到这篇文章。故选D。 B Not long ago, far away from Milan Fashion Week, Wang Rongbi, a villager of Xiaogulong village in Guizhou Province, was holding her cellphone, waiting for the latest news about the Italian show. Wang Rongbi is an embroidery designer (刺绣设计师) of the village. She has never visited other countries, but her embroidery has. Wang is among a group of embroidery designers whose works were chosen to be shown at Milan Fashion Week in Italy last September. Their beautiful pieces showed the great embroidery skills of the Miao people to the world and received many good words from international fashion designers. As one of China’s 56 ethnic groups, the Miao people are good at embroidery. They make their clothes special with beautiful patterns and their ideas for these patterns often come from nature and their ethnic history. People can learn about the background meaning behind patterns. Wang is proud of the Miao culture. Her pieces have seals (印章)—it’s her way of showing respect for the Siyin Miao. “Siyin” in Chinese means “four seals”. According to the old story, the Siyin Miao people kept the seals for the king at that time. They were later separated by the war. So, they embroidered the seals on their clothes as a sign to show their identities (身份). This tradition has been passed down and the seals have been developed into something beautiful on clothes. Wang felt happy that their traditional embroidery was shown on the international stage. “Traditional art can be very fashionable. Our ethnic culture has interested people from around the world,” she said. 5. What happened to Wang Rongbi last September? A. She visited Italy with friends. B. Her works were shown in Italy. C. She improved her embroidery skills. D. Her dream of being a designer came true. 6. Which of the following questions does Paragraph 3 answer? A. Why do the Miao people make their clothes special? B. How many embroidery designers took part in the event? C. Where do the Miao people get their ideas for the patterns? D. What did international designers think of Miao embroidery? 7. Why did the Siyin Miao people embroider the seals on their clothes in ancient times? A. To tell others who they were. B. To show their hope for peace. C. To show respect for other people. D. To make themselves more beautiful. 8. What’s the right order of the following things in Paragraphs 4~5? ①Wang Rongbi adds seals to her embroidery pieces. ②The Siyin Miao people were separated by war. ③The Siyin Miao people embroidered seals on their clothes. ④The tradition of sewing seals became a beautiful pattern on clothes. A. ④①②③ B. ①②③④ C. ③①④② D. ②③④① 【答案】5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲了贵州苗族刺绣设计师王荣毕等人的作品去年九月亮相意大利米兰时装周，展现了苗族刺绣技艺，文中还介绍了苗族刺绣图案的灵感来源及四印苗刺绣印章的历史传统与传承。 5. 细节理解题。根据“Wang is among a group of embroidery designers whose works were chosen to be shown at Milan Fashion Week in Italy last September.”可知，去年九月她的作品在意大利展出。故选B。 6. 细节理解题。根据“Their ideas for these patterns often come from nature and their ethnic history.”可知，第三段回答了苗族人民从哪里获得图案灵感的问题。故选C。 7. 细节理解题。根据“So, they embroidered the seals on their clothes as a sign to show their identities (身份).”可知，古代四印苗人把印章绣在衣服上是为了告诉别人他们是谁。故选A。 8. 推理判断题。通读第四、五段内容，首先是“the Siyin Miao people were separated by the war”，然后“They embroidered the seals on their clothes”，接着“This tradition has been passed down and the seals have been developed into something beautiful on clothes”，最后“Wang Rongbi adds seals to her embroidery pieces”。所以顺序是②③④①。故选D。 C 阅读还原 Traditional Chinese painting (guohua) is a traditional Chinese painting form. 1 The brush is usually dipped (浸) in black ink or colored paint. The three main themes of Chinese painting are characters, landscapes (风景), flowers and birds. 2 One is gongbi, drawing details (细节)in fine strokes (笔画) with rich colors. It’s often used to draw people or animals. The other is xieyi, drawing in rough (粗糙的) strokes and light colors. It is often used in landscape paintings. From the Han to Tang dynasties, artists painted many detailed and beautiful pictures of the emperors’ family. However, by the Sui and Tang dynasties, the landscape painting had already become an independent form of art. 3 They were full of the artists’ personal understanding of the subjects. The time from the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms to the Northern Song Dynasty is known as the “Golden Age of Chinese Landscape Painting”. Using bold (粗犷的) strokes and black lines, artists showed hills, rivers and stones. 4 This made it possible to create colorful picture books on the skills of Chinese painting. 5 Some painters, after studying abroad, returned to their homeland and they joined the good of both cultures in their art. A. Color printing skills were popular during the Ming Dynasty. B. Western art started to come into China in the late 1800s and 1900s. C. There are two main skills in Chinese painting. D. There are many famous Chinese painters, for example Wang Wei. E. These paintings were less detailed. F. It’s usually painted on silk or paper with a brush. 【答案】1. F 2. C 3. E 4. A 5. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国传统绘画这一艺术形式，包括其绘画工具、主题、主要技法、不同时期的绘画特点，以及西方艺术传入中国后对中国绘画的影响。 1. 根据前文“Traditional Chinese painting (guohua) is a traditional Chinese painting form.”可知，前文介绍了中国传统绘画这一概念，后文“The brush is usually dipped (浸) in black ink or colored paint.”则具体说明了绘画时使用的工具及工具的使用方式，由此推知，空格处应是对中国传统绘画所用工具的进一步介绍。选项F“它通常用毛笔在丝绸或纸上作画。”符合语境，故选F。 2. 根据后文“One is gongbi, drawing details (细节)in fine strokes (笔画) with rich colors. It’s often used to draw people or animals. The other is xieyi, drawing in rough (粗糙的) strokes and light colors. It is often used in landscape paintings.”可知，后文详细介绍了中国传统绘画的两种主要技法，即工笔和写意，由此推知，空格处应引出对中国传统绘画主要技法的介绍。选项C“中国画有两种主要技法。”符合语境，故选C。 3. 根据前文“However, by the Sui and Tang dynasties, the landscape painting had already become an independent form of art.”可知，前文介绍了隋唐时期山水画已成为一种独立的艺术形式，后文“They were full of the artists’ personal understanding of the subjects.”则说明这些山水画充满了艺术家对主题的个人理解，由此推知，空格处应是对隋唐时期山水画特点的进一步描述，且与前文提到的“详细且美丽的画作”形成对比。选项E“这些画没有那么详细。”符合语境，故选E。 4. 根据后文“This made it possible to create colorful picture books on the skills of Chinese painting.”可知，后文提到这使得创作关于中国画技法的彩色画册成为可能，由此推知，空格处应说明是什么使得这一情况成为可能。选项A“明朝时期，彩色印刷技术很流行。”符合语境，正是因为彩色印刷技术的流行，才使得创作关于中国画技法的彩色画册成为可能，故选A。 5. 根据后文“Some painters, after studying abroad, returned to their homeland and they joined the good of both cultures in their art.”可知，后文提到一些画家出国留学后回到祖国，将两种文化的优点融入到他们的艺术中，由此推知，空格处应说明西方艺术开始传入中国这一背景。选项B“19世纪末20世纪初，西方艺术开始传入中国。”符合语境，故选B。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Arts and heritage Section 3 Grammar分层练习 参考答案 一、基础知识夯实 was / were done will / shall be done can/must/may/should be done They 执行者 Many tree 承受者 【典例分析】 1.C 2.D be 过去分词, not, 主语 点对点练习 1.be finished 2.should be watered 3.can’t be brought out 4.be done 5.be fed 1、 单项选择 1-5 CCBDB 6-10 DBCCC 11-15 DACDA 二、用动词的适当形式填空。(注意分辨主动，被动和时态) 1.was invited 2.washed 3.told 4.is planted 5.will be returned 6.be understood 7.be coloured 8.use 9.are used 10.will be finished 11.was cleaned looks 12.were sold 13.felt 14.won’t be built 15.was taken came 三、按要求完成下列各题 1. The old man's serious eye problem was cured by Dr. Ma cured two months ago 2. He bought me a new mobile phone last weekend. 3. The plan will be finished (by Simon) tomorrow. 4. Many boys were seen to play football on the play-ground.　 5.When was the bike produced？ 6.By whom was the new machine made?/ who/whom was the new machine made by? 7.Was the car washed by your uncle yesterday afternoon? 8.Will the machine be repaired (by Tina)next week? 四、完成句子。 1.was played 2.was seen to play 3. won’t be replaced by 4. will be organized 5.will be held 6.must be cleaned 7.may be finished 8.can/may be used 9.must be cut 10 was painted shows 11.was created was given 12.lovedwascopied 13. was damaged 14.was split were finally shown 15.will bedisplayed will give 五、短文填词 A语法填空 1.by　 2.shared　3.were printed 4.was started　5.be mailed 6.were produced　7.dropped 8.especially　9.to　10.as 六、左栏是五个学生各自介绍其感兴趣的不同传统文化，右栏是七种中国传统文化的介绍。请为这五个人推荐他们感兴趣的传统文化。 1. D 2. E 3. G 4. A 5. F 八、语法选择 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. D 14. D 15. A 九、阅读理解 A篇1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D B篇 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D C 阅读还原 1. F 2. C 3. E 4. A 5. B 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Arts and heritage Section 3 Grammar分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、基础知识夯实 A、以do 为例写出下面各种时态的被动语态 时态 被动语态 一般现在时 am / is / are done 一般过去时 一般将来时 含有情态动词的被动语态 A、当主语是这个动作的执行者时，用______________ 当主语是这个动作的承受者时，用_______________ They built this house. 他们建造了这座房子。 主语_________是built这个动作的_________,故用主动语态 Many trees are planted every year. 每年种植大量的树 主语__________是plant这个动作的__________，动词用被动语态。 【典例分析】 1. Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains _______by Huang Gongwang. It ______ the beauty of Jiangnan A. was painted, was shown B. painted, showed C.was painted, shows D. is painted, showed 2. The paintings _____ in the library in the future, and the artist _________a talk. A.will be displayed, will be given B.will display, will be given C.will display, will give D. will be displayed, will give B、被动语态场景用法 当强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。 当未知动作的执行者时，用被动语态。 C 含有情态动词的被动语态 基本结构：情态动词+_________+_________。 否定句： 情态动词+_________+ be+过去分词。 疑问句： 情态动词+_________+be+过去分词。 点对点练习 1.这项工作必须今天完成。 The work must_________ _________ today. 2.所有的花都应该一天浇两次水。 All the flowers _________ _________ _________ twice a day. 3.这些不能将书带出室外。 The books__________ _________ _________ _________ of the room. 4.这可以由机器来做吗？ Can this _________ _________by machine? 5.应该什么时候喂狗？ When should the dog _________ _________? 1、 单项选择 1. Shenzhou-14 manned spaceship ________ into space successfully on June 5th, 2022. A. is sent B. sent C. was sent D. had sent 2. —The beautiful handicraft on the table looks so special. Who made it? —It ________ by my grandmother last week. She’s very skilful. A. makes B. made C. was made D. is made 3. —My old mobile phone ________ last week because I have had it for many years. —Oh, I notice it looks new and bright again. A. is repaired B. was repaired C. will be repaired D. is repairing 4. A talent show ________ in our school next Friday afternoon. Let’s go and watch it. A. holds B. is held C. held D. will be held 5. According to the laws, 3D glasses ________ if you are going to watch a 3D film. A. is provided B. will be provided C. is served D. will be served 6. Don’t worry, Tom! The problem ______ when Jane comes to help us. A. solved B. has solved C. was solved D. will be solved 7. It is difficult for us to know ahead of time when an earthquake will ________. A. be taken place B. happen C. take place D. be happened 8. She ________ to visit her grandparents last weekend because she missed them very much. A. will decide B. is deciding C. decided D. decides 9. Personal information _________ before the meeting starts. A. must check B. must to check C. must be checked D. must have checked 10. — What should we do first if we want to develop our village? — First of all, a new road ______, I think. A. must build B. has to build C. must be built D. has built 11. This English song _________ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung 12. Attention, please! All the mobile phones ____ during the meeting. A. must be kept off B. are keeping off C. kept off D. have kept off 13.Many of the stars ______ because they are far away from us. A. may not see B. needn’t see C. can not be seen D. mustn’t be seen 14. —Oh, your room is too dirty, Mike! —Sorry, Mum. It ___ _yesterday. I forgot to do it. A. didn’t clean B. isn’t cleaned C. was cleaned D. wasn’t cleaned 15. Attention ______ your grammar and spelling. A. should be paid to B. should be paid C. should pay to D. should pay 二、用动词的适当形式填空。(注意分辨主动，被动和时态) 1. She _____________（invite）to the party last night. 2. I ________ (wash) some clothes at home yesterday morning. 3. The teacher ___________(tell) the children to collect litter in the park ten minutes ago. 4.Rice _________________(plant) in China. 5.That book ______________ (return) tomorrow. 6.The story can ______________ （understand）easily. 7.Some pictures must ______________ （colour）with different colours. 8. We should ________(use) this tool to make cartoons. 9.Nowadays computers _______ (use) all over the world. 10.The work __________ (finish) in two hours. 11. The window _____________(clean) just now. It ________(look) quite bright now. 12.You’re late. All the tickets 　　 (sell) out an hour ago.   13.The water 　　 (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool.   14.The new school library 　　 (not build) next September.  15. The sick man __________(take) good care of before he _________(come) here. 三、按要求完成下列各题 1.Dr. Ma cured the old man's serious eye problem two months ago.(改为被动语态) 2.A new mobile phone was bought for me by him last weekend.(改为主动语态) 3. Simon will finish the plan tomorrow.（变成被动语态） 4.Lily saw many boys play football on the play-ground.(改为被动语态)   5.The bike was produced in 2013. (对画线部分提问) 6.The new machine was made by Tom. (对画线部分提问) 7.Did your uncle wash the car yesterday afternoon？(改为被动语态) 8.Will Tina repair the machine next week?（变成被动语态） 四、完成句子。 1. 他们昨天打了一个小时的篮球。 Basketball ________ ________ by them for an hour yesterday. 2. 刚才我听见她弹钢琴了。 She ________ ________ ________ ________ the piano by me just now. 3. 这份工作将不会被科技轻易地取代(replace)，因为病人需要人类的关爱和善意。 This job________ technology easily because patients need human care and kindness. 4. 公司下个月将组织一个新的培训项目。 A new training programme by the company next month. 5. 为了帮助学生了解自然，本周星期五将举办一场关于野生动物的讲座。 In order to help students learn about nature, a lecture about wild animals this Friday. 6. 你的卧室必须马上打扫干净。 Your bedroom _______ ______ ________ right now. 7. 这项工作可以下周完成。 The work _______ _______ _________ next week. 8. 这些电脑只可以在电脑室使用。 These computers ________ _______ _______ only in the computer room. 9. 不应该砍伐树木。 The trees __________ ______ ________down. 10.《富春山居图》是黄公望所绘，展现了江南之美 Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains ____ ______by Huang Gongwang. It ______ the beauty of Jiangnan 11.这幅画创作历时数年，后作为礼物赠送给了一位朋友。 The painting ____ _______over several years and _____ ______to a friend as a gift. 12.过去数百名艺术家喜爱这幅画，它被多次临摹。 In the past, hundreds of artists______ the painting and it _____ _____ many times. 13.大约在1650年，原作毁于火灾，并被一分为二。 Around 1650, the original work ____ _______by fire and __ ____into two parts. 14.2011年，这两部分作品终于在一次展览中合体展出。 In 2011, the two pieces _____ _____ _______together in an exhibition. 15.这些画作将在图书馆展出(display)，同时，艺术家也将受邀发表演讲。 The paintings _____ _____ _____in the library, and the artist ____ ____a talk. 五、短文填词 A语法填空 The tradition of sending Christmas cards was started in the UK in 1843 by Sir Henry Cole. He thought sending cards would help out the post office 1.　　　　 giving the common people something to receive(接收) and mail.  Sir Henry 2.　　　　(share) the idea of Christmas cards with his friend John Horsley. They designed(设计) the first card. About 1,000 cards 3.　　　　(print) and sold. They are now very valuable(宝贵的) and people need to spend thousands of pounds or dollars on them!  The first postal service that common people could use 4.　　　　(start) in 1840. Before that, only very rich people had enough money to send anything in the mail. Cards became much popular in the UK when they could 5.　　　　(mail) for half the price of a common letter.  As printing ways improved, Christmas cards 6.　　　　(produce) in large numbers from about 1860.  And the cost of sending post cards, and also Christmas cards 7.　　　　(drop) a lot. This meant more people were able to send cards. By the early 1900s, the tradition had spread over Europe and had become very popular, 8.　　　　(especial) in Germany.  In the 1910s and 1920s, home-made cards became popular. They were usually too delicate(易损坏的) 9.　　　　 send through the mail, so they were given by hand.  Nowadays, cards have all kinds of pictures on them. Charities(慈善机构) often sell their own Christmas cards 10.　　　　 a way of raising money at Christmas.  六、左栏是五个学生各自介绍其感兴趣的不同传统文化，右栏是七种中国传统文化的介绍。请为这五个人推荐他们感兴趣的传统文化。 1 Eliza is crazy about traditional Chinese painting and she wants to learn how to paint from a famous Chinese painter. 2 Dennis is from America. He is studying art in Sichuan University. He is interested in face changing in Sichuan Opera and he wants to learn it. 3 Vera is a Russian girl who lives in Jiangxi. She is very interested in Chinese porcelain (瓷器). She thinks the artistry (技艺) used on the porcelain is really amazing. 4 Larry likes traditional Chinese folk handicrafts. He’s interested in Chinese clay art. He thinks the clay pieces look lively and cute. 5 Sam studies Chinese history in Wuhan University. He has interest in ancient Chinese art. Puppet show (木偶戏) is one of his favorites. He admires those skillful men who are able to control the puppets and do various tricks. A. Chinese clay art Chinese clay art is famous because the clay pieces are so small but they look very real. The pieces are usually cute children or lively characters from a Chinese fairy tale or historical story. B. Chinese knots Traditional Chinese decorative knots, also known as Chinese knots, are typical local arts of China. They are a traditional Chinese folk handicraft (手工品) woven separately from one piece of thread and named according to its shape and meaning. C. Sky lanterns According to Chinese history, sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming. He sent them out to ask for help when in trouble. Today, sky lanterns are used at festivals and other celebrations for good luck. D. Chinese painting Chinese painting can be traced back to paintings on Neolithic pottery (新石器时代的陶器) six or seven thousand years ago. Since similar tools and lines were used for the earliest painting and writing, painting is said to have the same origin as calligraphy (书法). E. Face changing It is said the origin of face changing has something to do with the resistance of wild beasts (野兽). In ancient times, when coming across a ferocious (凶猛的) animal, people used to draw different patterns on their faces to scare the animal away and keep themselves safe. F. Puppet show Puppet show is an ancient art form. In the show, the inanimate puppets are manipulated (操纵) by puppeteers to do all kinds of tricks. Strings, wires or rods are fixed on the key joint of the puppets and the puppeteers control the actions of puppets. G. china China is the hometown of china. The invention of china is a great contribution (贡献) to world civilization (文明). In English, china means porcelain. China is the earliest country with porcelain technology. 八、语法选择 Chinese calligraphy (书法) is a form of pleasing writing. This kind of expression has been used 1 in China. The paper, brush, ink, and ink, stone 2 important tools for Chinese calligraphy. They 3 together as the Four Treasures of the Study. Many people choose 4 special paper, such as Xuan paper, Maobian paper, Lianshi paper etc. Any modern paper can be used for 5 . Because of the long-term use, Xuan paper became well-known by most people. The brush is 6 traditional writing tool. The body of the brush pen can be made from either bamboo, or 7 things such as glass, silver, even gold. Pre-mixed bottled inks are much 8 , but they are used mainly for practice. 9 Chinese calligraphy is written only in black ink, calligraphy teachers sometimes use a bright orange or red ink to correct students’ work. Inkstones are mixed with water for use. Inkstones are also considered as valuable art objects in Chinese culture. So they are usually collected and treasured 10 Chinese and some foreigners. Besides choosing the Four Treasures of the Study, it 11 necessary to learn the traditional rules to enjoy calligraphy. Among these rules are: The characters must 12 correctly. The characters must be clear enough 13 . The characters must be pleasing in a tasteful way. If one does not know the 14 of the characters they write, he does not produce good calligraphy. The study of Calligraphy will help one improve the understanding of Chinese people and 15 culture. Through it, one can better understand the Chinese way of thinking as well as the Chinese way of life than before. 1. A. wide B. widely C. wider D. more widely 2. A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. A. know B. knew C. are known D. are knowing 4. A. use B. to use C. using D. to using 5. A. writing B. writes C. wrote D. write 6. A. a B. an C. the D. / 7. A. another B. other C. others D. the others 8. A. cheap B. cheaply C. cheaper D. the cheapest 9. A. So B. But C. Although D. Because 10. A. with B. at C. to D. by 11. A. was B. is C. will be D. would be 12. A. write B. wrote C. be written D. be writing 13. A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read 14. A. mean B. means C. meant D. meaning 15. A. their B. theirs C. them D. themselves 九、阅读理解 A Weiqi, commonly known as Go in English, is a board game that originated in ancient China. The game is considered one of the Four Arts that Chinese literators (文人) were required to master. Besides Weiqi, they had to learn Chinese calligraphy (shu), painting (hua) and guqin playing (qin). Weiqi has a history of over 4,000 years, even older than Chinese chess. According to some historical records, the game, known as Yi in its early years, is said to have been invented by Yao (尧). Seeing that his son had a bad temper (脾气), Yao was rather worried. So he decided to find something that could help educate his son, and a simple board game came to him. The rules of Weiqi are simple: using black and white stones (棋子), two players take turns placing their stones on empty cross points of the board. The goal is to surround (包围) a larger total area on the board while preventing one’s own stones from being taken by the opponent (对手). Stones do not move and are only taken off the board if they are completely surrounded. The scene of two people playing Weiqi appears in many traditional Chinese paintings. The image of a player holding a stone over the board, looking for a place to put it, was later turned into a popular Chinese idiom (成语), which means “unsure about making a move”. The expression is still widely used today. With its development, Weiqi grew in popularity. Later, it spread to Japan, South and North Korea and Western countries. Today, it has become an international board game. 1. What’s the main idea of the second paragraph? A. The origin (起源) of Weiqi. B. The rules of Weiqi. C. The development of Weiqi. D. The popularity of Weiqi. 2. What does the underlined expression “unsure about making a move” mean in the fourth paragraph? A. 观棋不语 B. 举棋不定 C. 出其不意 D. 棋逢对手 3. What can we learn from the passage? A. Weiqi has a history of more than 5,000 years. B. Weiqi is a simple board game that is enjoyed by the old. C. Weiqi has become more and more popular around the world. D. The player who surrounds a smaller total area wins the game. 4. In which part of a newspaper can you probably read the passage? A. Science. B. Travel. C. Stories. D. Culture. B Not long ago, far away from Milan Fashion Week, Wang Rongbi, a villager of Xiaogulong village in Guizhou Province, was holding her cellphone, waiting for the latest news about the Italian show. Wang Rongbi is an embroidery designer (刺绣设计师) of the village. She has never visited other countries, but her embroidery has. Wang is among a group of embroidery designers whose works were chosen to be shown at Milan Fashion Week in Italy last September. Their beautiful pieces showed the great embroidery skills of the Miao people to the world and received many good words from international fashion designers. As one of China’s 56 ethnic groups, the Miao people are good at embroidery. They make their clothes special with beautiful patterns and their ideas for these patterns often come from nature and their ethnic history. People can learn about the background meaning behind patterns. Wang is proud of the Miao culture. Her pieces have seals (印章)—it’s her way of showing respect for the Siyin Miao. “Siyin” in Chinese means “four seals”. According to the old story, the Siyin Miao people kept the seals for the king at that time. They were later separated by the war. So, they embroidered the seals on their clothes as a sign to show their identities (身份). This tradition has been passed down and the seals have been developed into something beautiful on clothes. Wang felt happy that their traditional embroidery was shown on the international stage. “Traditional art can be very fashionable. Our ethnic culture has interested people from around the world,” she said. 5. What happened to Wang Rongbi last September? A. She visited Italy with friends. B. Her works were shown in Italy. C. She improved her embroidery skills. D. Her dream of being a designer came true. 6. Which of the following questions does Paragraph 3 answer? A. Why do the Miao people make their clothes special? B. How many embroidery designers took part in the event? C. Where do the Miao people get their ideas for the patterns? D. What did international designers think of Miao embroidery? 7. Why did the Siyin Miao people embroider the seals on their clothes in ancient times? A. To tell others who they were. B. To show their hope for peace. C. To show respect for other people. D. To make themselves more beautiful. 8. What’s the right order of the following things in Paragraphs 4~5? ①Wang Rongbi adds seals to her embroidery pieces. ②The Siyin Miao people were separated by war. ③The Siyin Miao people embroidered seals on their clothes. ④The tradition of sewing seals became a beautiful pattern on clothes. A. ④①②③ B. ①②③④ C. ③①④② D. ②③④① C 阅读还原 Traditional Chinese painting (guohua) is a traditional Chinese painting form. 1 The brush is usually dipped (浸) in black ink or colored paint. The three main themes of Chinese painting are characters, landscapes (风景), flowers and birds. 2 One is gongbi, drawing details (细节)in fine strokes (笔画) with rich colors. It’s often used to draw people or animals. The other is xieyi, drawing in rough (粗糙的) strokes and light colors. It is often used in landscape paintings. From the Han to Tang dynasties, artists painted many detailed and beautiful pictures of the emperors’ family. However, by the Sui and Tang dynasties, the landscape painting had already become an independent form of art. 3 They were full of the artists’ personal understanding of the subjects. The time from the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms to the Northern Song Dynasty is known as the “Golden Age of Chinese Landscape Painting”. Using bold (粗犷的) strokes and black lines, artists showed hills, rivers and stones. 4 This made it possible to create colorful picture books on the skills of Chinese painting. 5 Some painters, after studying abroad, returned to their homeland and they joined the good of both cultures in their art. A. Color printing skills were popular during the Ming Dynasty. B. Western art started to come into China in the late 1800s and 1900s. C. There are two main skills in Chinese painting. D. There are many famous Chinese painters, for example Wang Wei. E. These paintings were less detailed. F. It’s usually painted on silk or paper with a brush. 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $