专题12 句子结构（复习讲义）（重庆专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题12 句子结构 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 2 03 考点通关·靶向突破 2 ★ 考点一 基本句型 2 ★ 考点二 句子成分 5 04 优题精选·练能提分 7 词性 情况 课程分析 句子结构 考情剖析 句子结构（基本句型+句子成分分析）是重庆中考英语的语法基石，贯穿全卷各题型，直接影响语篇理解、语法运用和书面表达。2026年延续“语法退后，语用为王”的改革导向，不再考孤立定义，而是聚焦语境化运用，强调“以句解篇、以句构篇”。 命题预测 情境化：所有考点融入真实场景（校园生活、本土文化、时代热点），不再脱离语境考知识点。 综合化：单一成分/句型考查减少，多与从句、非谓语动词、时态语态结合，考查综合运用能力。 本土化：素材融入重庆本土元素（如川剧、山城特色），成分分析/句型改写可能结合本土文化话题。 解题锦囊 1. 抓主干，破长难句：教学生“去枝叶，留主干”——先找主语+谓语+宾语/表语，再分析定语/状语修饰，快速理清复杂句逻辑（适配阅读C/D篇长难句）。 2. 重辨析，避陷阱：重点区分易混句型（如主系表vs主谓宾、双宾语vs宾补）、There be 与 have 的区别、主谓一致的特殊情况（如集体名词、分数作主语）。 3. 练语境，强运用：通过“句型转换+语境填空+汉译英”专项训练，替代死记定义，贴合中考语用考查导向。 4. 对接真题：聚焦重庆中考真题，分析句子结构的考查方式，明确命题方向。 考点一 基本句型 一、五大基本句型 1. 主语 + 谓语（不及物动词）S+V. 例：Something happened. 2. 主语 + 谓语（及物动词）+ 宾语S+V+O. 例：China won the game. 3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语（常接形容词作表语）S+V+P. 例：He feels lonely. 常见系动词分类： ◦ 表“变化”类：get / become / go（变坏）/ turn（颜色变化）/ grow（表示生长） ◦ 表“感官”类：look / taste / sound / feel / smell… ◦ 表“持续”类：keep / stay / remain… ◦ 表“其他”类：seem / fall… 4. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语（间接） + 宾语（直接）S+V+IO+DO. 例：Grandma cooked us a nice meal. 可接双宾语的常见动词：give, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, feed, sell… (to sb.) buy, get, cook, make… (for sb.) 5. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补S+V+O+OC. 例：The man made the boy cry / interested in music. 一、单项选择 1. (2025·成都) Birds sing loudly in the forest when spring comes. 句中“sing”的成分是 . A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 D. 表语 【答案】B 【解析】句子结构：主语(Birds)+谓语(sing)。谓语说明主语发出的动作，故sing为谓语。 2. (2025·广东) She bought a new notebook last week. 句中“a new notebook”是 . A. 间接宾语 B. 直接宾语 C. 表语 D. 定语 【答案】B 【解析】句型：主语+谓语+直接宾语。bought是及物动词，动作承受者是物，作直接宾语。 3. (2025·云南) My uncle sent me a box of books. 句中“me”是 . A. 主语 B. 直接宾语 C. 间接宾语 D. 宾补 【答案】C 【解析】send sb. sth. 双宾语结构：人=间接宾语，物=直接宾语。 4. (2025·杭州) Which is S+V+O+OC（主谓宾补）结构？ A. He runs fast. B. She looks happy. C. They made the room clean. D. I bought him a book. 【答案】C 【解析】A：主谓；B：主系表；C：made+room+clean，补充说明宾语状态，为宾补；D：主谓双宾。 5. (2025·济南) There ______ a book and two pens on the desk. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】A 【解析】There be就近原则，靠近be的是单数a book，一般现在时用is。 6. (2025·武汉) The story sounds interesting. 结构是 . A. 主谓 B. 主谓宾 C. 主系表 D. 主谓双宾 【答案】C 【解析】sound是系动词，后接形容词作表语，为主系表结构。 7. (2025·长沙) We keep our classroom clean every day. 划线部分（clean）是 . A. 表语 B. 宾语 C. 宾补 D. 状语 【答案】C 【解析】keep+宾语+宾补，clean补充说明classroom，作宾语补足语。 8. (2025·重庆) He often makes his sister laugh. 结构是 . A. 主谓 B. 主谓宾 C. 主系表 D. 主谓宾补 【答案】D 【解析】make sb. do sth. 动词原形补充说明宾语，是典型宾补结构。 9. (2025·广州) My mother gave me a birthday present. 双宾语中直接宾语是 . A. my mother B. gave C. me D. a birthday present 【答案】D 【解析】give sb. sth. 物为直接宾语，人为间接宾语。 10. (2025·西安) They are good students. 句中“good”是 . A. 谓语 B. 定语 C. 表语 D. 状语 【答案】B 【解析】good修饰名词students，放在名词前作定语。 考点二 句子成分 一、各种句子成分 （一）主语 1.名词作主语：Apples can be used to make juice. 2.现在分词作主语：Reading books is a good way to improve your spoken English. 3.动词不定式作主语：To get up early every day is not an easy thing. the + adj. 作主语：The poor need the care from the people around them. 4.It 作形式主语：It is difficult to learn math well. = To learn / Learning math well is difficult. （二）谓语 1.实意动词（及物和不及物）：He practices running every morning. 2.情态动词 + do：shall / should / will / would / can / could / may / might / must / need + do 例：You should work hard and never give up easily. 3.系动词（be、变化、感官、持续、其他）：It sounds great. （三）宾语 1.名词作宾语：Henry missed the first bus this morning. 2.现在分词作宾语：Have you finished doing today's homework? 3.动词不定式作宾语：He offered to help me. 4.the + adj. 作宾语：We should help the poor when they are in trouble. 5.宾语从句作宾语（陈述语序）：Could you tell me when you will come back? 6.it 作形式宾语：We find it important to study Chinese well. = We find to study Chinese well important. = We find (that) it is important to study Chinese well. （四）表语 1.名词作表语：Tom is a good boy. 2.形容词作表语：It looks great. 3.动词不定式作表语：All I ever wanted to do is to become a doctor. 4.现在分词作表语：His hobby is playing football. 5.表语从句作表语：Here are what they said about our school. （五）补语（宾语补足语） 1.名词作补语：We called him Xiaobai. 2.现在分词作补语：The boss kept them working all day. 3.（watch,notice,see,hear）感官动词 + sb. + do（全过程）/ doing（正在发生）： When I passed by, I heard him singing in the classroom. He often saw Lucy run on the playground last year. 4.动词不定式作补语：We asked his brother to help him with Chemistry. 常见动词：find, feel, make, believe, think, consider 等。 （六）定语:分为前置定语和后置定语 前置定语（在名词中心词之前） 1. 形容词作前置定语：He's a tall man. 2. 名词作前置定语：There are many banana trees on the island. 3. 现在分词作前置定语：The flying kites are high in the sky. 后置定语（在名词中心词之后，通常较长） 1. 形容词作后置定语（只可后置）：I know someone important here. 2. 过去分词作后置定语：There are many people called Yinuo in our school. 3. 现在分词作后置定语：I asked a man standing next to me. 4. else 只作后置定语（放疑问词和不定代词之后）： What else do you need? Ask somebody else to help you. There's nothing else you can take away. 5. 介词短语作后置定语：The woman in red is my aunt. 6. 不定式作后置定语：I have a lot of homework to do. 7. 定语从句： I like songs that have good lyrics. = I like songs with good lyrics. He likes that outgoing girl = He likes that girl who is outgoing. （七）状语 按用途分为：地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等。 1. 地点状语：The students are doing their homework in the classroom. 2. 时间状语：I learned a lot when I lived in the countryside. 3. 原因状语：She will not go home because she has to attend a meeting. 4. 目的状语：They set out early so that they might arrive on time. 5. 结果状语：Li Ming studied so hard that he caught up with the others. 6. 条件状语：If you work hard at English, you will do well in English. 7. 让步状语：He went to school yesterday though he was ill. 8. 程度状语：I nearly forgot what he had promised. 9. 方式状语：He came by bus this morning. 10. 伴随状语：He sat in the chair, reading his favorite book. 一、完形填空 根据短文内容，从A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案。 Larry seemed always silent and didn’t have any friends. His teacher Mr. Brown noticed this. One day, he said to Larry, “I see that you don’t talk to anyone or show any interest 1 anything. What’s wrong?” Larry replied, “Sir, I have 2 very difficult life. I have to face 3 many sad things that I keep thinking about them. Because of this, I 4 focus my attention on anything and don’t even feel like talking to anybody.” Mr. Brown listened carefully, thought for a while and said, “Would you like some lemonade?” Larry felt a little surprised and 5 replied, “Yes, thank you.” While 6 lemonade, Mr. Brown added more salt on purpose and kept the quantity of sugar low. Larry made a strange face as soon as he drank that lemonade. Seeing this, Mr. Brown asked, “You don’t like it?” “Um..., it’s just that there is a bit too much salt in it,” Larry answered. “Oh, it doesn’t matter. I will throw it away.” said Mr. Brown. As the teacher was lifting the glass to take it away, he 7 by Larry. “Sir, please don’t throw it away. 8 we put a little more sugar in the lemonade, it will be fine to drink.” said Larry. Hearing this, Mr. Brown said happily, “I am really pleased with 9 you said. 10 the taste of lemonade, we don’t need to remove the salt from it. Instead, we can just add some sugar to it. Similarly, we cannot remove sad things 11 happened to us in the past. But we can add the sweetness of good experiences we 12 in our life so far. If you keep on crying about your past, 13 your present will be right nor the future will be bright.” Larry realized his problem and promised to change 14 . From then on, he began talking to classmates and sharing small laughs. He has learned that a little happiness can make everything taste even 15 . 1．A．in B．on C．at D．by 2．A．/ B．a C．an D．the 3．A．very B．such C．so D．as 4．A．needn’t B．shouldn’t C．mustn’t D．can’t 5．A．nervously B．nerveless C．nervous D．nervousness 6．A．drink B．drank C．drinking D．to drink 7．A．stopped B．was stopped C．has stopped D．was stopping 8．A．Unless B．Although C．While D．If 9．A．what B．why C．that D．how 10．A．Improve B．To improve C．Improving D．Improved 11．A．/ B．what C．which D．who 12．A．collect B．collected C．are collecting D．have collected 13．A．neither B．either C．both D．all 14．A．he B．him C．his D．himself 15．A．good B．well C．better D．best 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．D 13．A 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文通过布朗先生给Larry多加盐的柠檬水的故事，告诉我们：虽然不能去除已经发生在我们身上的悲伤的事情，但我们可以在我们的生活中增加美好经历的甜蜜。 1．句意：我发现你不和任何人说话，也对任何事情都不感兴趣。in在……方面；on在……上；at在；by通过。show interest in sth.意为“对某事感兴趣”，故选A。 2．句意：老师，我过着非常艰难的生活。零冠词；a一个，表泛指，用在辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，表泛指，用在元音音素开头的单词前；the特指。此处表示泛指，表示过着非常艰难的生活，very以辅音音素开头，所以用a，故选B。 3．句意：我必须面对如此多令人伤心的事，以至于我一直想着它们。very非常；such如此；so如此；as和……一样。many前用so，构成so...that...结构，表示“如此……以至于”，故选C。 4．句意：因为这个，我无法把注意力集中在任何事情上，甚至不想和任何人说话。needn’t不必；shouldn’t不应该；mustn’t禁止；can’t不能。根据“...many sad things that I keep thinking about them”可知，他不能集中注意力，故选D。 5．句意：拉里有点惊讶，紧张地回答：“好的，谢谢。”nervously副词，紧张地；nerveless形容词，无力的；nervous形容词，紧张的；nervousness名词，紧张。修饰动词replied要用副词，故选A。 6．句意：在喝柠檬水的时候，布朗老师故意多放了盐，少放了糖。drink原形；drank过去式；drinking现在分词；to drink不定式。while引导时间状语从句，省略主语和be动词，用现在分词drinking，故选C。 7．句意：当老师拿起杯子要扔掉时，他被拉里拦住了。stopped一般过去时；was stopped一般过去时被动；has stopped现在完成时；was stopping过去进行时。根据“by Larry”可知，是被动语态，故选B。 8．句意：如果我们往柠檬水里多加点糖，它就好喝了。Unless除非；Although虽然；While当……时候；If如果。根据“...we put a little more sugar in the lemonade, it will be fine to drink”可知，此处表示条件，用if引导条件状语从句，故选D。 9．句意：听到这话，布朗老师高兴地说：“我对你所说的很满意。”what什么；why为什么；that那个；how怎样。what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示“所说的话”，故选A。 10．句意：为了改善柠檬水的味道，我们不必把盐去掉。Improve原形；To improve动词不定式；Improving现在分词；Improved过去分词。此处表示目的，用动词不定式，故选B。 11．句意：同样，我们无法消除过去发生在我们身上的伤心事。/不填；what什么；which关系代词；who关系代词。先行词是sad things，表示物，用which引导定语从句，故选C。 12．句意：但我们可以加入到目前为止在生活中积累的美好经历的甜蜜。collect一般现在时；collected一般过去时；are collecting现在进行时；have collected现在完成时。根据“so far”可知，用现在完成时，故选D。 13．句意：如果你总是为过去哭泣，你的现在就不会好，未来也不会光明。neither也不；either或者；both两者都；all全部。neither...nor...意为“既不…… 也不……”，故选A。 14．句意：拉里意识到了自己的问题，并承诺改变自己。he他，主格；him他，宾格；his他的；himself他自己。根据“Larry realized his problem and promised to change...”可知，此处表示“改变他自己”，应用反身代词，故选D。 15．句意：他明白了，一点点幸福就能让一切变得更美好。good好；well好；better更好；best最好。even修饰比较级，所以用better，故选C。 二、阅读理解 A Dr. Dolittle was a doctor. He lived in a small house with many animals in his garden. His favorite animals were Dab-Dab, a duck; Jip, a dog; Gub-Gub, a baby pig and Polynesia, a parrot. Dr. Dolittle didn’t have many patients. Most people didn’t like all of his animals, so when they were ill, they went to a doctor in another town. “But you don’t have any money,” his sister told him. “You need patients.” “I have a patient,” Dr. Dolittle answered. “The cat’s-meat-man. He’s the man who sells me meat for the cat.” “He doesn’t pay you enough to live on,” his sister told him. “Then I’ll sell everything I have,” he said. And he did. He sold most of his furniture and his clothes to buy food for himself and his animals. One day, the cat’s-meat-man said to him, “Why don’t you stop being a doctor for people and become a doctor for animals instead? I’m sure that you know a lot about animals—more than most vets. I’d send all the people with sick dogs or cats to you.” When the cat’s-meat-man left, Polynesia, the parrot, flew onto the table. “He’s right, Doctor,” Polynesia said. “You should become an animal doctor.” “There are a lot of vets,” Dr. Dolittle said. “Perhaps there are a lot of vets. But you’d be the best vet of all. I’m not the only animal that can talk. Each kind of animal has its own language. I’ll teach you mine if you like.” “Yes, please,” Dr. Dolittle said. He opened a drawer and took out a notebook and pencil. Polynesia started teaching Dr. Dolittle parrot language. Later that day, Jip came into the room. Polynesia said, “He’s talking to you, Doctor. Dogs talk with their ears, their noses, and their tails,” Polynesia told him. “They don’t always make a noise. Do you see how he is moving his nose now?” “Yes.” “He is telling us that it has stopped raining, and he wants to ask you a question.” Every day, Dr. Dolittle learned the languages of the animals. When people found out he was now an animal doctor, they brought their sick pets to him. Dr. Dolittle took care of them very well. Before long, every animal that lived in or near the town became the doctor’s patient. He was very happy, and he liked his life very much. (Adapted from The Story of Dr. Dolittle) 16．Who first made Dr. Dolittle change his mind to become a doctor for animals? A．His sister. B．His parrot. C．The doctor in town. D．The cat’s-meat-man. 17．Which animal taught Dr. Dolittle animal languages first? A． B． C． D． 18．What can we learn from Dr. Dolittle’s story? A．Being a human doctor is richer than being an animal doctor. B．Following your interest and helping others bring happiness. C．It’s not wise to keep animals at home because they are dirty. D．It’s very important to listen to what our family members say. 19．Which of the following best describes Dr. Dolittle according to the story? A．Kind and caring. B．Polite and honest. C．Humorous and careful. D．Brave and hard-working. 【答案】16．D 17．C 18．B 19．A 【导语】本文讲述了杜立德医生原本给人看病但生意惨淡，在给猫送肉的人建议下转行成为动物医生，并在鹦鹉教导下学习动物语言，最终成为深受动物喜爱的医生，过上幸福生活的故事。 16．根据第八段第一句“One day, the cat’s-meat-man said to him, ‘Why don’t you stop being a doctor for people and become a doctor for animals instead?’”可知，是给猫送肉的人最先向他提出了这个建议。 17．根据第十三段第一句“Polynesia started teaching Dr. Dolittle parrot language.”和第一段“Polynesia, a parrot”可知，鹦鹉Polynesia是第一个教他动物语言的动物。 18．根据文章最后两句“Before long, every animal that lived in or near the town became the doctor’s patient. He was very happy, and he liked his life very much.”可知，杜立德医生找到了自己真正热爱的事业，并从中获得了快乐。 19．根据第七段第二句“He sold most of his furniture and his clothes to buy food for himself and his animals.”可知，他宁愿卖掉自己的家当也要养活动物，体现了他对动物的善良；根据最后一段第三句“Dr. Dolittle took care of them very well.”可知，他悉心照料生病的宠物，体现了他对动物的关爱。因此，“善良且有爱心”是对他最准确的描述。 B 13-year-old Sarah sits in her yard, laying out her handmade crafts (手工制品) on the table. There are baskets, flower pots, and cloth bags—all made from recycled materials. They are not just creative objects; they’re part of Sarah’s project to make a greener community. Two years ago, Sarah would pass by a park near her house every day after school. Plastic bottles, empty cans, and broken toys littered the roadside. Seeing this, Sarah felt sad. One afternoon, Sarah noticed some kids selling orange juice at the park. People stopped to buy it. That was when Sarah got an idea. “Mom, what if we sell handmade crafts?” she asked excitedly that evening. “Then we can buy trees for our neighborhood with the money!” With her mom’s help, Sarah started making crafts with great interest, using old boxes, plastic bottles and empty cans. Every day after school, she sat in her yard, waiting for customers. At first, no one came. Sarah felt down, but she didn’t give up. Later, people began to stop by. A kind woman bought a cloth bag, saying it was perfect for shopping. Kids liked the flower pots, and one boy even asked Sarah to make him a special basket for his toys. By the end of the first month, Sarah had made $150! She bought 30 small trees. Together with her parents, they planted the trees around the park and along the sidewalks. Now, the neighborhood looks nicer, and the birds have more places to rest. Sarah even teaches her friends how to make eco-friendly (环保的) crafts after school. They organize sales every month to raise money for new projects like bird feeders. This year, Sarah shared her story at a local community event. “Making a greener community is important,” she said proudly. “If everyone helps a little, we can make our life better.” She believes that no effort is too small when it comes to caring for the environment. 20．What did Sarah sell to make money? A．Small trees. B．Orange juice. C．Plastic bottles. D．Handmade crafts. 21．Look at the mind map. Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．sad; sharing her story B．afraid; feeding birds C．bored; caring for nature D．nervous; recycling old boxes 22．What is the correct order of the events? ①Sarah planted 30 small trees with her parents. ② People began to stop and buy her crafts. ③Sarah saw litter in the park and felt sad. ④Sarah got the idea of selling handmade crafts. ⑤Sarah taught her friends to make eco-friendly crafts. A．③→④→①→②→⑤ B．③→④→②→①→⑤ C．④→③→②→⑤→① D．④→③→①→⑤→② 23．Which of the following can best describe Sarah? A．Kind and honest. B．Creative and helpful. C．Strict and friendly. D．Quiet and hard-working. 【答案】20．D 21．A 22．B 23．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了13岁女孩Sarah通过回收材料制作并售卖手工艺品，来改善社区环境、关爱自然的故事。 20．细节理解题。根据“13-year-old Sarah sits in her yard, laying out her handmade crafts on the table…Mom, what if we sell handmade crafts…she sat in her yard, waiting for customers…By the end of the first month, Sarah had made $150!”可知，Sarah提议卖手工制品且她制作手工、在院子里等顾客，及人们购买她的手工制品并赚到钱，Sarah售卖的是用回收材料做的手工制品。故选D。 21．细节理解题。根据“At first, no one came. Sarah felt down, but she didn’t give up…This year, Sarah shared her story at a local community event. “Making a greener community is important,” she said proudly.”可知，一开始没有人光顾，她很沮丧；她通过分享故事、带动他人，变得更加自信。故选A。 22．细节理解题。根据“Two years ago, Sarah would pass by a park near her house every day after school. Plastic bottles, empty cans, and broken toys littered the roadside. Seeing this, Sarah felt sad…One afternoon, Sarah noticed some kids selling orange juice at the park. People stopped to buy it. That was when Sarah got an idea. ‘Mom, what if we sell handmade crafts?’…Later, people began to stop by. A kind woman bought a cloth bag, saying it was perfect for shopping…She bought 30 small trees. Together with her parents, they planted the trees around the park and along the sidewalks… Sarah even teaches her friends how to make eco-friendly crafts after school.”可知，Sarah看到公园的垃圾，感到难过；Sarah受公园孩子卖果汁启发，萌生卖手工制品的想法；人们开始停下脚步买她的手工制品；Sarah和父母一起种了30棵小树；Sarah教朋友做环保手工，对应③→④→②→①→⑤。故选B。 23．推理判断题。根据“There are baskets, flower pots, and cloth bags—all made from recycled materials. They are not just creative objects; they’re part of Sarah’s project to make a greener community…She bought 30 small trees. Together with her parents, they planted the trees around the park and along the sidewalks…Now, the neighborhood looks nicer, and the birds have more places to rest. Sarah even teaches her friends how to make eco-friendly crafts after school.”可知，Sarah用塑料瓶、空罐子、旧盒子等回收材料，制作出篮子、花盆、布袋等手工制品，将废品变成实用的东西，体现了极强的创造力；Sarah做手工不是为了自己赚钱，而是为了筹钱买树绿化社区，让社区环境变好，还教朋友做环保手工、组织义卖开展更多环保项目，为社区和环境付出，体现了她的乐于助人与奉献。故选B。 三、看图完成句子。 根据所给图片及提示完成句子。 When Li Bai was a little boy, he was playful and 24 25 (not like) studying. One day by the river, he saw an old woman grinding a thick iron rod. He 26 27 (嘲笑) her and asked why. She said she worked hard 28 29 she could make a needle. Li Bai couldn’t believe it. She said: “It will become a needle as long as I keep working.” Li Bai 30 31 the woman’s words. Li Bai finally understood that 32 . (连词成句) (success, to, key, the, hard, work, is) 【答案】24．didn’t 25．like 26．laughed 27．at 28．so 29．that 30．listened 31．to 32．the key to success is hard work 【导语】本文主要介绍了李白小时候从一位老妇人磨铁杵成针的故事中明白努力的重要性的经历。 24．句意：当李白还是个小男孩的时候，他很爱玩，并且不爱学习。 根据前文“playful”以及提示词可知，表明他不爱学习。句子时态为一般过去时，故需借助助动词did和not表示否定。故填didn’t。 25．句意：当李白还是个小男孩的时候，他很爱玩，并且不爱学习。 助动词“didn’t”，后接动词原形“like”。故填like。 26．句意：他嘲笑她并问为什么。 “laugh at（嘲笑）”，固定搭配。句子是一般过去时，“laugh”的过去式是“laughed”。故填laughed。 27．句意：他嘲笑她并问为什么。 “laughed at（嘲笑）”固定搭配，此处是短语的一部分。故填at。 28．句意：她说她努力干活是为了能做成一根针。根据“She said she worked hard... she could make a needle.”可知，后半句是前半句的目的， “so that（以便；为了）”固定搭配，引导目的状语从句。故填so。 29．句意：她说她努力干活是为了能做成一根针。 根据“She said she worked hard... she could make a needle.”可知，后半句是前半句的目的， “so that（以便；为了）”固定搭配，引导目的状语从句。故填that。 30．句意：李白听进去了老妇人的话。 根据前文老妇人的描述可知，此处表示李白听进去了她的话。“listen to（听）”固定搭配，符合语境。结合前文时态是一般过去时，“listen”的过去式是“listened”。故填listened。 31．句意：李白听进去了老妇人的话。listened to“听”，固定搭配，此处为短语的一部分。故填to。 32．句意：李白最终明白了努力是成功的关键。 根据所给词汇及上文老妇人的话可知，此处表示“李白最终明白了努力是成功的关键。”the key to success“成功的关键”，作主语；is“是”，系动词；hard work“努力工作”作表语。故填the key to success is hard work。 四、任务型阅读 阅读下列材料，完成方框中的读书报告，每空填入一个词块或句子（总词数不超过30词，每空重复次数不超过3个）。 What do you think of the saying “Traveling ten thousand miles is better than reading ten thousand books”? Yes, this is the meaning of traveling. What has been learned from books is not enough after all. “Listening and reading” parts in the textbooks are not as good as “seeing and enjoying” for oneself in real life. So “going to the places in the textbooks” has something to do with “traveling while reading”. It works really well in students’ learning journeys. It can not only make students more interested in learning, but also bring them a more lively and fresher experience. Many people who love traveling will find that, in fact, what they see in their eyes is quite different from it in the pictures. When they are at the places, the surprise they get and the practical (实际的) beauty can never be photographed by cameras. When they get there, they can feel the beautiful scenery that cannot be described in textbooks. And the real experience helps people in many ways. For example, students see, touch and feel the real world and get experience. This is very helpful to improve their writing abilities. No wonder some parents said, “Now when my children get home to write compositions, they can write as much as possible.” There is a more important sense in this kind of traveling: to raise children’s love of our homes and country. There is no certain answer to the question of what kind of person a kid should become, but “having patriotism (爱国)” should be included in the answer. Reading Report Hello, everybody. Today I want to share an article that teaches us to 33 . By doing so, students 34 and get a more lively and fresher experience. Many travel lovers find it hard to show the surprise they get and the beauty they see with photos. Besides, people can get help from the real experience in many ways. For example, students can improve their writing abilities 35 . More importantly, 36 . That’s also the meaning of traveling with textbooks. 【答案】33．travel while reading 34．become more interested in learning 35．by getting experience 36．it can raise children’s love of our homes and country 【导语】本文主要介绍了“行万里路胜读万卷书”的意义，强调了将课本知识与实地旅行结合不仅能提升学生的学习兴趣和写作能力，更重要的是能培养孩子们的爱国情怀。 33．文章第二段指出“So ‘going to the places in the textbooks’ has something to do with ‘traveling while reading’.”，说明文章教导我们要边读边游，结合空前的不定式符号“to”，因此第一空应填“travel while reading”。 34．第二段提到这种旅行能“make students more interested in learning, but also bring them a more lively and fresher experience.”，报告中已包含后半句，需填入前半句意为“对学习更感兴趣”，在以“students”为主语时需补充系动词，因此第二空应填“become more interested in learning”。 35．第三段说明学生们“see, touch and feel the real world and get experience. This is very helpful to improve their writing abilities.”，即通过获取实际经验来提高写作能力，需用介词“by”引出方式状语，因此第三空应填入“by getting experience”。 36．最后一段说明这种旅行有更重要的意义：“to raise children’s love of our homes and country.”，这与报告中的“More importantly”直接呼应，此处需填入一个完整的句子表达该核心意义，故第四空填“it can raise children’s love of our homes and country”。 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题12 句子结构 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 2 03 考点通关·靶向突破 2 ★ 考点一 基本句型 2 ★ 考点二 句子成分 4 04 优题精选·练能提分 6 词性 情况 课程分析 句子结构 考情剖析 句子结构（基本句型+句子成分分析）是重庆中考英语的语法基石，贯穿全卷各题型，直接影响语篇理解、语法运用和书面表达。2026年延续“语法退后，语用为王”的改革导向，不再考孤立定义，而是聚焦语境化运用，强调“以句解篇、以句构篇”。 命题预测 情境化：所有考点融入真实场景（校园生活、本土文化、时代热点），不再脱离语境考知识点。 综合化：单一成分/句型考查减少，多与从句、非谓语动词、时态语态结合，考查综合运用能力。 本土化：素材融入重庆本土元素（如川剧、山城特色），成分分析/句型改写可能结合本土文化话题。 解题锦囊 1. 抓主干，破长难句：教学生“去枝叶，留主干”——先找主语+谓语+宾语/表语，再分析定语/状语修饰，快速理清复杂句逻辑（适配阅读C/D篇长难句）。 2. 重辨析，避陷阱：重点区分易混句型（如主系表vs主谓宾、双宾语vs宾补）、There be 与 have 的区别、主谓一致的特殊情况（如集体名词、分数作主语）。 3. 练语境，强运用：通过“句型转换+语境填空+汉译英”专项训练，替代死记定义，贴合中考语用考查导向。 4. 对接真题：聚焦重庆中考真题，分析句子结构的考查方式，明确命题方向。 考点一 基本句型 一、五大基本句型 1. 主语 + 谓语（不及物动词）S+V. 例：Something happened. 2. 主语 + 谓语（及物动词）+ 宾语S+V+O. 例：China won the game. 3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语（常接形容词作表语）S+V+P. 例：He feels lonely. 常见系动词分类： ◦ 表“变化”类：get / become / go（变坏）/ turn（颜色变化）/ grow（表示生长） ◦ 表“感官”类：look / taste / sound / feel / smell… ◦ 表“持续”类：keep / stay / remain… ◦ 表“其他”类：seem / fall… 4. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语（间接） + 宾语（直接）S+V+IO+DO. 例：Grandma cooked us a nice meal. 可接双宾语的常见动词：give, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, feed, sell… (to sb.) buy, get, cook, make… (for sb.) 5. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补S+V+O+OC. 例：The man made the boy cry / interested in music. 一、单项选择 1. (2025·成都) Birds sing loudly in the forest when spring comes. 句中“sing”的成分是 . A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 D. 表语 2. (2025·广东) She bought a new notebook last week. 句中“a new notebook”是 . A. 间接宾语 B. 直接宾语 C. 表语 D. 定语 3. (2025·云南) My uncle sent me a box of books. 句中“me”是 . A. 主语 B. 直接宾语 C. 间接宾语 D. 宾补 4. (2025·杭州) Which is S+V+O+OC（主谓宾补）结构？ A. He runs fast. B. She looks happy. C. They made the room clean. D. I bought him a book. 5. (2025·济南) There ______ a book and two pens on the desk. A. is B. are C. was D. were 6. (2025·武汉) The story sounds interesting. 结构是 . A. 主谓 B. 主谓宾 C. 主系表 D. 主谓双宾 7. (2025·长沙) We keep our classroom clean every day. 划线部分（clean）是 . A. 表语 B. 宾语 C. 宾补 D. 状语 8. (2025·重庆) He often makes his sister laugh. 结构是 . A. 主谓 B. 主谓宾 C. 主系表 D. 主谓宾补 9. (2025·广州) My mother gave me a birthday present. 双宾语中直接宾语是 . A. my mother B. gave C. me D. a birthday present 10. (2025·西安) They are good students. 句中“good”是 . A. 谓语 B. 定语 C. 表语 D. 状语 考点二 句子成分 一、各种句子成分 （一）主语 1.名词作主语：Apples can be used to make juice. 2.现在分词作主语：Reading books is a good way to improve your spoken English. 3.动词不定式作主语：To get up early every day is not an easy thing. the + adj. 作主语：The poor need the care from the people around them. 4.It 作形式主语：It is difficult to learn math well. = To learn / Learning math well is difficult. （二）谓语 1.实意动词（及物和不及物）：He practices running every morning. 2.情态动词 + do：shall / should / will / would / can / could / may / might / must / need + do 例：You should work hard and never give up easily. 3.系动词（be、变化、感官、持续、其他）：It sounds great. （三）宾语 1.名词作宾语：Henry missed the first bus this morning. 2.现在分词作宾语：Have you finished doing today's homework? 3.动词不定式作宾语：He offered to help me. 4.the + adj. 作宾语：We should help the poor when they are in trouble. 5.宾语从句作宾语（陈述语序）：Could you tell me when you will come back? 6.it 作形式宾语：We find it important to study Chinese well. = We find to study Chinese well important. = We find (that) it is important to study Chinese well. （四）表语 1.名词作表语：Tom is a good boy. 2.形容词作表语：It looks great. 3.动词不定式作表语：All I ever wanted to do is to become a doctor. 4.现在分词作表语：His hobby is playing football. 5.表语从句作表语：Here are what they said about our school. （五）补语（宾语补足语） 1.名词作补语：We called him Xiaobai. 2.现在分词作补语：The boss kept them working all day. 3.（watch,notice,see,hear）感官动词 + sb. + do（全过程）/ doing（正在发生）： When I passed by, I heard him singing in the classroom. He often saw Lucy run on the playground last year. 4.动词不定式作补语：We asked his brother to help him with Chemistry. 常见动词：find, feel, make, believe, think, consider 等。 （六）定语:分为前置定语和后置定语 前置定语（在名词中心词之前） 1. 形容词作前置定语：He's a tall man. 2. 名词作前置定语：There are many banana trees on the island. 3. 现在分词作前置定语：The flying kites are high in the sky. 后置定语（在名词中心词之后，通常较长） 1. 形容词作后置定语（只可后置）：I know someone important here. 2. 过去分词作后置定语：There are many people called Yinuo in our school. 3. 现在分词作后置定语：I asked a man standing next to me. 4. else 只作后置定语（放疑问词和不定代词之后）： What else do you need? Ask somebody else to help you. There's nothing else you can take away. 5. 介词短语作后置定语：The woman in red is my aunt. 6. 不定式作后置定语：I have a lot of homework to do. 7. 定语从句： I like songs that have good lyrics. = I like songs with good lyrics. He likes that outgoing girl = He likes that girl who is outgoing. （七）状语 按用途分为：地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等。 1. 地点状语：The students are doing their homework in the classroom. 2. 时间状语：I learned a lot when I lived in the countryside. 3. 原因状语：She will not go home because she has to attend a meeting. 4. 目的状语：They set out early so that they might arrive on time. 5. 结果状语：Li Ming studied so hard that he caught up with the others. 6. 条件状语：If you work hard at English, you will do well in English. 7. 让步状语：He went to school yesterday though he was ill. 8. 程度状语：I nearly forgot what he had promised. 9. 方式状语：He came by bus this morning. 10. 伴随状语：He sat in the chair, reading his favorite book. 一、完形填空 根据短文内容，从A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案。 Larry seemed always silent and didn’t have any friends. His teacher Mr. Brown noticed this. One day, he said to Larry, “I see that you don’t talk to anyone or show any interest 1 anything. What’s wrong?” Larry replied, “Sir, I have 2 very difficult life. I have to face 3 many sad things that I keep thinking about them. Because of this, I 4 focus my attention on anything and don’t even feel like talking to anybody.” Mr. Brown listened carefully, thought for a while and said, “Would you like some lemonade?” Larry felt a little surprised and 5 replied, “Yes, thank you.” While 6 lemonade, Mr. Brown added more salt on purpose and kept the quantity of sugar low. Larry made a strange face as soon as he drank that lemonade. Seeing this, Mr. Brown asked, “You don’t like it?” “Um..., it’s just that there is a bit too much salt in it,” Larry answered. “Oh, it doesn’t matter. I will throw it away.” said Mr. Brown. As the teacher was lifting the glass to take it away, he 7 by Larry. “Sir, please don’t throw it away. 8 we put a little more sugar in the lemonade, it will be fine to drink.” said Larry. Hearing this, Mr. Brown said happily, “I am really pleased with 9 you said. 10 the taste of lemonade, we don’t need to remove the salt from it. Instead, we can just add some sugar to it. Similarly, we cannot remove sad things 11 happened to us in the past. But we can add the sweetness of good experiences we 12 in our life so far. If you keep on crying about your past, 13 your present will be right nor the future will be bright.” Larry realized his problem and promised to change 14 . From then on, he began talking to classmates and sharing small laughs. He has learned that a little happiness can make everything taste even 15 . 1．A．in B．on C．at D．by 2．A．/ B．a C．an D．the 3．A．very B．such C．so D．as 4．A．needn’t B．shouldn’t C．mustn’t D．can’t 5．A．nervously B．nerveless C．nervous D．nervousness 6．A．drink B．drank C．drinking D．to drink 7．A．stopped B．was stopped C．has stopped D．was stopping 8．A．Unless B．Although C．While D．If 9．A．what B．why C．that D．how 10．A．Improve B．To improve C．Improving D．Improved 11．A．/ B．what C．which D．who 12．A．collect B．collected C．are collecting D．have collected 13．A．neither B．either C．both D．all 14．A．he B．him C．his D．himself 15．A．good B．well C．better D．best 二、阅读理解 A Dr. Dolittle was a doctor. He lived in a small house with many animals in his garden. His favorite animals were Dab-Dab, a duck; Jip, a dog; Gub-Gub, a baby pig and Polynesia, a parrot. Dr. Dolittle didn’t have many patients. Most people didn’t like all of his animals, so when they were ill, they went to a doctor in another town. “But you don’t have any money,” his sister told him. “You need patients.” “I have a patient,” Dr. Dolittle answered. “The cat’s-meat-man. He’s the man who sells me meat for the cat.” “He doesn’t pay you enough to live on,” his sister told him. “Then I’ll sell everything I have,” he said. And he did. He sold most of his furniture and his clothes to buy food for himself and his animals. One day, the cat’s-meat-man said to him, “Why don’t you stop being a doctor for people and become a doctor for animals instead? I’m sure that you know a lot about animals—more than most vets. I’d send all the people with sick dogs or cats to you.” When the cat’s-meat-man left, Polynesia, the parrot, flew onto the table. “He’s right, Doctor,” Polynesia said. “You should become an animal doctor.” “There are a lot of vets,” Dr. Dolittle said. “Perhaps there are a lot of vets. But you’d be the best vet of all. I’m not the only animal that can talk. Each kind of animal has its own language. I’ll teach you mine if you like.” “Yes, please,” Dr. Dolittle said. He opened a drawer and took out a notebook and pencil. Polynesia started teaching Dr. Dolittle parrot language. Later that day, Jip came into the room. Polynesia said, “He’s talking to you, Doctor. Dogs talk with their ears, their noses, and their tails,” Polynesia told him. “They don’t always make a noise. Do you see how he is moving his nose now?” “Yes.” “He is telling us that it has stopped raining, and he wants to ask you a question.” Every day, Dr. Dolittle learned the languages of the animals. When people found out he was now an animal doctor, they brought their sick pets to him. Dr. Dolittle took care of them very well. Before long, every animal that lived in or near the town became the doctor’s patient. He was very happy, and he liked his life very much. (Adapted from The Story of Dr. Dolittle) 16．Who first made Dr. Dolittle change his mind to become a doctor for animals? A．His sister. B．His parrot. C．The doctor in town. D．The cat’s-meat-man. 17．Which animal taught Dr. Dolittle animal languages first? A． B． C． D． 18．What can we learn from Dr. Dolittle’s story? A．Being a human doctor is richer than being an animal doctor. B．Following your interest and helping others bring happiness. C．It’s not wise to keep animals at home because they are dirty. D．It’s very important to listen to what our family members say. 19．Which of the following best describes Dr. Dolittle according to the story? A．Kind and caring. B．Polite and honest. C．Humorous and careful. D．Brave and hard-working. B 13-year-old Sarah sits in her yard, laying out her handmade crafts (手工制品) on the table. There are baskets, flower pots, and cloth bags—all made from recycled materials. They are not just creative objects; they’re part of Sarah’s project to make a greener community. Two years ago, Sarah would pass by a park near her house every day after school. Plastic bottles, empty cans, and broken toys littered the roadside. Seeing this, Sarah felt sad. One afternoon, Sarah noticed some kids selling orange juice at the park. People stopped to buy it. That was when Sarah got an idea. “Mom, what if we sell handmade crafts?” she asked excitedly that evening. “Then we can buy trees for our neighborhood with the money!” With her mom’s help, Sarah started making crafts with great interest, using old boxes, plastic bottles and empty cans. Every day after school, she sat in her yard, waiting for customers. At first, no one came. Sarah felt down, but she didn’t give up. Later, people began to stop by. A kind woman bought a cloth bag, saying it was perfect for shopping. Kids liked the flower pots, and one boy even asked Sarah to make him a special basket for his toys. By the end of the first month, Sarah had made $150! She bought 30 small trees. Together with her parents, they planted the trees around the park and along the sidewalks. Now, the neighborhood looks nicer, and the birds have more places to rest. Sarah even teaches her friends how to make eco-friendly (环保的) crafts after school. They organize sales every month to raise money for new projects like bird feeders. This year, Sarah shared her story at a local community event. “Making a greener community is important,” she said proudly. “If everyone helps a little, we can make our life better.” She believes that no effort is too small when it comes to caring for the environment. 20．What did Sarah sell to make money? A．Small trees. B．Orange juice. C．Plastic bottles. D．Handmade crafts. 21．Look at the mind map. Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．sad; sharing her story B．afraid; feeding birds C．bored; caring for nature D．nervous; recycling old boxes 22．What is the correct order of the events? ①Sarah planted 30 small trees with her parents. ② People began to stop and buy her crafts. ③Sarah saw litter in the park and felt sad. ④Sarah got the idea of selling handmade crafts. ⑤Sarah taught her friends to make eco-friendly crafts. A．③→④→①→②→⑤ B．③→④→②→①→⑤ C．④→③→②→⑤→① D．④→③→①→⑤→② 23．Which of the following can best describe Sarah? A．Kind and honest. B．Creative and helpful. C．Strict and friendly. D．Quiet and hard-working. 三、看图完成句子。 根据所给图片及提示完成句子。 When Li Bai was a little boy, he was playful and 24 25 (not like) studying. One day by the river, he saw an old woman grinding a thick iron rod. He 26 27 (嘲笑) her and asked why. She said she worked hard 28 29 she could make a needle. Li Bai couldn’t believe it. She said: “It will become a needle as long as I keep working.” Li Bai 30 31 the woman’s words. Li Bai finally understood that 32 . (连词成句) (success, to, key, the, hard, work, is) 四、任务型阅读 阅读下列材料，完成方框中的读书报告，每空填入一个词块或句子（总词数不超过30词，每空重复次数不超过3个）。 What do you think of the saying “Traveling ten thousand miles is better than reading ten thousand books”? Yes, this is the meaning of traveling. What has been learned from books is not enough after all. “Listening and reading” parts in the textbooks are not as good as “seeing and enjoying” for oneself in real life. So “going to the places in the textbooks” has something to do with “traveling while reading”. It works really well in students’ learning journeys. It can not only make students more interested in learning, but also bring them a more lively and fresher experience. Many people who love traveling will find that, in fact, what they see in their eyes is quite different from it in the pictures. When they are at the places, the surprise they get and the practical (实际的) beauty can never be photographed by cameras. When they get there, they can feel the beautiful scenery that cannot be described in textbooks. And the real experience helps people in many ways. For example, students see, touch and feel the real world and get experience. This is very helpful to improve their writing abilities. No wonder some parents said, “Now when my children get home to write compositions, they can write as much as possible.” There is a more important sense in this kind of traveling: to raise children’s love of our homes and country. There is no certain answer to the question of what kind of person a kid should become, but “having patriotism (爱国)” should be included in the answer. Reading Report Hello, everybody. Today I want to share an article that teaches us to 33 . By doing so, students 34 and get a more lively and fresher experience. Many travel lovers find it hard to show the surprise they get and the beauty they see with photos. Besides, people can get help from the real experience in many ways. For example, students can improve their writing abilities 35 . More importantly, 36 . That’s also the meaning of traveling with textbooks. 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $