专题08 代词＆介词（复习讲义）（重庆专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考“代词＆介词”专题，覆盖代词（人称/物主/反身代词、不定代词等）和介词（时间/方位/方式及固定搭配）核心考点，通过考情剖析明确命题趋势，思维导图构建知识网络，考点通关分模块突破，真题训练强化语境应用，形成“考点梳理-方法指导-实战演练”的系统复习流程。 亮点在于“语境化命题”和“错题切片”策略，如通过标注完形中代词指代链培养思维品质，用介词固定搭配速记表提升语言能力，分层设计单选、词汇填空、完形阅读练习。特设5分钟高频考点听写和即时反馈，帮助学生高效突破易混点，教师可依此精准把控复习节奏，提升学生应考能力。

专题08 代词＆介词 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 3 03 考点通关·靶向突破 3 ★ 考点一 代词 3 ★ 考点二 介词 12 04 优题精选·练能提分 24 词性 情况 课程分析 代词 考情剖析 分值与题型：直接考查3-5分，分布在语法选择1-2题、完形填空1-2空、词汇运用1题；阅读、写作隐性考查指代连贯。 核心考点：人称/物主/反身代词（主宾格、形容/名词性物主代词、固定搭配）、不定代词（some/any、few/a few、both/either/neither、other系列、one/it/that）、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词（定语从句）。 命题特点：语境为王，纯语法题减少；形近意异干扰（other系列、one/it/that）；固定搭配陷阱（反身代词短语）。 命题预测 （一）核心考点预测（高频+新增趋势） 1. 基础必考点（100%考）：人称代词主宾格、物主代词（形容/名词性）转换，反身代词固定搭配；不定代词的辨析；指示代词this/that/these/those。 2. 难点拉分点（高频）：one/it/that指代差异（one泛指同类、it同物、that特指同类）；复合不定代词（something/anything/nothing等）修饰语后置、主谓一致；关系代词that/which/who（定语从句，先行词为人/物/不定代词）。 3. 新增/强化趋势 代词与主谓一致结合（each/neither等作主语）；语篇中代词指代链（完形/阅读，需上下文推导）。；反身代词作同位语（强调主语）。 （二）命题特点预测 语境化命题、混淆项升级、固定搭配可能结合情景交际考查。 解题锦囊 1. 基础巩固：每天10分钟专项听写，强化人称/物主/反身代词形式转换。 2. 难点突破：用“真题切片法”，归纳不定代词、指代差异的高频错题。 3. 语境训练：在完形/阅读中标注代词指代对象，建立指代链意识。 4. 写作应用：书面表达中刻意使用代词简化表达，避免名词重复。 介词 考情剖析 分值：3-4分，语法选择1-2题、完形1-2空、词汇运用1题，阅读/写作隐性考固定搭配。 核心题型：介词辨析（时间/方位）、固定搭配、短语，纯语法题少，多嵌语境。 高频考向：时间介词（in/on/at/for/since）、方位介词（in/on/under/across等）、方式介词（by/with/in）、固定搭配（介词+动词/名词/形容词）。 命题预测 语境优先：无孤立介词题，需结合句意/场景判断（如时间是否具体、方位关系） 搭配为王：固定搭配是易错重灾区，多考动词/形容词/名词+介词的固定组合 易混干扰：选项设形近义异介词，迷惑性强（如in/on/at、across/through） 解题锦囊 1.固定搭配优先，秒锁答案（动词/形/名词+介词直接套）； 2.先定类别（时间/方位/方式），抓关键信息选； 3.易混介词凭特征词+反向排除； 4.避坑点：短语整体记；词汇题先看搭配再核句意；完形优先呼应前文同搭配。 考点一 代词 考点一 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 一、人称代词 1 . 人称代词的主格、宾格 单数 复数 一 二 三 一 二 三 主格 I you she;he;it we you they 宾格 me you her;him;it us you them 2 . 人称代词的用法 (1) 人称代词的主格在句中充当主语。She is a good student. (2) 人称代词的宾格在句中充当动词、介词的宾语或充当表语。I don’t know her.（作动词宾语） His mother is waiting for him outside .（作介词宾语） —Who is there?—It’s me! （作表语） 3 . 人称代词的顺序 几个人称代词并列充当主语时，它们的顺序是： 单数形式（ 二、三、一）you , he/she and I 复数形式（ 一、二、三）we , you and they 二、物主代词 1 . 物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，列表如下： 单数 复数 一 二 三 一 二 三 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他／她／它们的 形容词性 my your his her its our your their 名词性 mine yours his hers — ours yours theirs 2 . 形容词性物主代词后面常接名词，一般不单独使用。 His parents are both office workers . My name is Jack. 3 . 名词性物主代词后面不需要加名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”。 My idea is quite different from hers( = her idea) . 4 . 名词性物主代词可与 of 连用，表示部分概念或带有一定的感情色彩。 He is a friend of mine.（ 我的一个朋友） 三、反身代词 1 . 反身代词的形式 数 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 第二人称 yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己 第三人称 himself 他自己 herself 她自己itself 它自己 themselves 他们自己 她们自己 它们自己 2 . 反身代词的用法 反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词在人称、性别、数上保持一致。 I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party.（ 作宾语） The children made model planes themselves.（作同位语） 3 . 反身代词的常用词组 teach oneself 自学 learn by oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 过得愉快；玩得高兴 help oneself to 随便吃／用 come to oneself 苏醒 hurt oneself 受伤 by oneself 独自 考点二 不定代词、指示代词和 it 的用法 一、不定代词 （一）普通不定代词 1.初中阶段常用的普通不定代词如下： some,any，many , much，each，( a) few , ( a) little，either ,neither，both, all ,none，one another others ，the other，the others 2. 普通不定代词的用法 (1) some 与 any 不定代词 用法说明 例句 some some一般用于肯定句中；但在疑问句中，若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表示请求、建议时应用 some You’ll find some in the box. any any 多用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中 I need some stamps . Are there any in your bag? (2) many与much 不定代词 用法说明 例句 many 指代可数名词复数，可作主语和宾语 Many of us have seen the film. much 指代不可数名词 I know much about it. (3) either 与 neither 不定代词 用法说明 例句 either 指两个人或物之中的任何一个 常和of连用,且常构成固定搭 配：either/neither of +名／代词的复数 +谓语动词 I have two pens ,but I don’t like either of them. 我有两支钢笔，但我都不喜欢。 neither 指两个人或物中一个也不 Neither of the books is good. 这两本书没一本是好的。 (4) both、all 及 none 不定代词 用法说明 例句 both 表示“两者都”，常与 of 连用 Both of my parents are farmers .我的父母都是农民。 all 指“ 三者或三者以上都 ” All of us should go there.我们所有人都应该去那里。 They all agree to stay here.他们都同意待在这儿。 none 指“三者或三者以上都不”；常用来回答how many , how much引导的疑问句 None of the students in our class can work out the maths problem.我们班的学生没有一个能解答出这道数学题。 —How much rice do you need? 你需要多少米饭？ —None. 一点也不要。 (5) each 与 every 用法说明 例句 each（不定代词） 表示“每一个”之意，用来指两个或两个以上的人或事物，强调个体 。当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt. 我们每个人都穿着一件黄色T恤。 every （限定词） 表示“每一个”之意，指三个或三个以上的人或事物，强调全体，在句中只能作定语，修饰作主语的名词时谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式 Every student has passed the exam. 每个学生都通过了这次考试。 (6) little , a little , few , a few 修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词 肯定 a few 一些 a little 一点儿 否定 few 几乎没有 little 几乎没有 (7) the other , others , the others , another 意义 用法说明 the other 两者中另一个 常与one连用，构成“ one. . . the other. . . ”，作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“ 其余全部的 ” others 泛指别的人或物 泛指别的人或物（ 但不是全部），不能作定语；常与some 连用，构成“ some. . . others . . . ” the others 特指其余的人或物 是 the other 的复数形式，特指其余所有的人或物 another 另一个 指三者或三者以上的另一个 （二）复合不定代词 somebody （某人） anybody （任何人） nobody （没有人） everybody （每人） someone （某人） anyone （任何人） no one （没有人） everyone （每人） something （某事） anything （任何事） nothing （没有什么） everything （每件事） Do you have anything special to tell me today?今天你有什么特别的事要告诉我吗？ Listen to me , boys and girls . I have something to tell you .同学们，听我说 。我有一些事情要告诉你们。 —Is there anything in the cup?—No , there is nothing .—杯子里有东西吗？—没有，什么也没有。 易混易错 1. 当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something , everything , everyone等时，形容词或else 必须放在这些词的后面 。 Xiaoming has something important to tell you .小明有一些重要的事情要告诉你。 Can you find anyone else? 你能找到其他人吗？ 2. everyone的意思等同于everybody , 只能指人；every one既可指人也可指物，还可以和of 短语连用。 I’d like everyone to be happy.我希望人人都幸福。 I have kept every one of her letters .我把她的每一封信都保存了下来。 二、指示代词 1. this/these (1)近指 This is my pen. 这是我的钢笔。 These are my books . 这些是我的书。 (2)指下文要提到的事 Please remember this: No pain , no gain.请记住：一分耕耘，一分收获。 2. that/those (1)远指 That is her bike . 那是她的自行车。 Those are my sheep.那些是我的绵羊。 (2)指前面刚刚提到过的事 He was ill . That was why he didn’t go to school .他病了。那就是他没有去上学的原因。 3. 打电话时用 this 介绍自己，用 that 询问对方This is Mike speaking.我是迈克。 Who is that speaking? 您是哪位？ 4. that , those 常用在比较句型中 The population of China is larger than that of Japan.中国的人口比日本的（人口）多。 The apples in this shop are much cheaper than those in that shop.这个商店的苹果比那个商店的（苹果）要便宜得多。 三、it 的用法 1. 指代前面提到过的事物 。 The book on the desk is not mine . It is Jim’s . 2. 代替指示代词 this 或 that 。 —What’s that?—It is a pencil . 3. 指代婴儿或不明身份的人 。 Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who it is . 4. 指代时间或季节 。 —What’s the time now?—It’s ten o’clock. 5. 指代天气 。如： —What’s the weather like today?—It’s sunny . 6. 指代距离 。如： How far is it from your school to your home? 7. it 作形式主语 不定式、动名词、从句作句子主语时，为了保持句子平衡，通常把它们放在句末，而在句首使用形式主语 it。 it 用作形式主语的重要句型： ①It+be+adj. +for sb . +to do sth. It is very important for me to learn a foreign language .学一门外语对我来说非常重要。 ②It+takes/took(+sb . ) +some time+to do sth. It took me some time to finish reading the reading materials .我花了些时间才看完阅读材料。 8. it 作形式宾语 it 作形式宾语常代替不定式、动名词和 that 从句，此时将 it 置于谓语动词之后，不定式、动名词和 that 从句放在最后。 I find it hard to learn gymnastics .我发现学体操很难。 I feel it necessary to take plenty of exercise every day .我觉得每天进行大量的锻炼是有必要的。 I made it a rule to keep diaries . 写日记成了我的习惯。 易混易错 1. none , nothing 与 no one 易混词 用法 例句 none 既可指人，也可指物，意思是“全无 ” There are many people over there. I know none of them. 那边有许多人，我一个也不认识。 nothing 仅指事物，在指代上没有做什么限制 She knew nothing about it.她对此一无所知。 no one 用来指人，多强调个体，后面一般不接of短语 —Did anyone come to see you?有人来看你吗？ —No one.没有。 2. it , one 与 that 作代词时的区别 易混词 用法 例句 it 指代上文提到的同一事物 The book is mine. It’s very interesting . 这本书是我的，它很有趣。 one 泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同物 —Who has a pen?谁有钢笔？ —I have one.我有一支。 that 常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复 The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.在冬天，北京的天气比广州的天气冷。 3. either 与 any 易混词 用法 例句 either 表示“（两者中的）任何一个” —Which do you want , tea or coffee? 你想要哪一种，茶还是咖啡？ —Either.都行。 any 表示“（三者或三者以上中的）每一个或任何一个 ” —Which do you like best , tea , coffee or water?你最喜欢哪一种，茶、咖啡还是水？ —Any.都行。 1、 单项选择 1.(2025河北) —Is this your notebook? —No, ______ is in my desk. A.I B.me C.mine D.my 2.(2025广东) They learned English by ______ last term. A.themselves B.ourselves C.yourself D.himself 3.(2025江苏) There are two pens. You can choose ______ of them. A.either B.all C.none D.every 4.(2025浙江) The population of Xi’an is larger than ______ of Xiamen. A.it B.one C.that D.this 5.(2025山东) ______ of the two answers is right. Try again. A.Both B.Either C.Neither D.All 6.(2025湖北) There isn’t ______ in the box. It’s empty. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 7.(2025四川) The book ______ I bought yesterday is very interesting. A.who B.which C.what D.whose 8.(2025河南) Let ______ help you with your English. A.I B.me C.my D.mine 9.(2025湖南) —Who taught you to swim? —Nobody. I taught ______. A.me B.myself C.mine D.I 10.(2025安徽) ______ is important for us to keep healthy. A.It B.That C.This D.One 二、词汇填空 11.(2025辽宁) We should finish our homework by ______(we). 12.(2025福建) This isn’t her pencil. ______(she) is on the desk. 13.(2025陕西) My brother hurt ______(he) when playing basketball. 14.(2025云南) There is something wrong with ______(I) computer. 15.(2025贵州) Help ______(you) to some cakes, Linda. 【答案与解析】 一、单项选择 1.C 空后无名词，用名词性物主代词mine代指my notebook；I主格、me宾格、my形容词性物主代词均不符 2.A 主语they，反身代词对应themselves；by oneself表独自，固定搭配 3.A two pens（两者），either表两者任一；all/none表三者及以上，every后需接名词 4.C 比较级中代指同类不可数名词（population）用that；it代同物，one泛指同类单数 5.C 后句“再试”表两者都不对，neither表两者都不；both两者都（后接复数谓语），either两者任一，all三者及以上都 6.B 否定句表“任何东西”用anything；something用于肯定句，nothing表无物，不符语境 7.B 定语从句，先行词book（物），关系代词用which；who代人，what不引导定语从句 8.B let后接人称代词宾格，me是I的宾格；I主格、my形物代、mine名物代均不符 9.B teach oneself表自学，主语I对应反身代词myself，固定搭配 10.A it作形式主语，真正主语是后面的to do不定式，固定句型It’s+adj+for sb to do sth 二、词汇填空 11.ourselves by oneself独自，主语we对应反身代词ourselves 12.Hers 空后无名词，需名物代Hers代指her pencil，首字母大写 13.himself hurt oneself伤到自己，主语my brother（男性单数）对应himself 14.my 空后有名词computer，用形容词性物主代词my修饰 15.yourself help oneself to sth随便吃，称呼Linda（单数），对应yourself 考点二 介词 考点一 介词的基本用法 一、表示时间的介词 1.in、on 和 at 介词 用法 示例 in 用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指的一天的上午、下午、晚上等前，还可用于表示“从现在起多长时间以后或多久之后 ” in May 在五月；in 2022 在2022年； in the sixteenth century在16世纪； in autumn在秋天；in the morning在早上；in an hour 一个小时后 on 用在星期几，具体某一天，具体某 一 天的上午、下午、晚上，或节日前 on Mid⁃Autumn Day在中秋节；on June 1st在6月1日；on the morning of June 1st 在6月1日的早上 at 多用于具体的钟点时刻前，也可用于固定搭配中 at seven在七点；at noon在中午；at night在晚上；at age 10 在十岁时 注意：在 以 this , that , next , last , tomorrow , yesterday , every 等开始的表示时间的词组前不用介词。 I will go to Shanghai this Sunday.这个星期日我将去上海。 2.since、from 和 for 介词 用法 例句 since 指从某时一直延续至今，后常接时间点，句子用完成时 He has lived here since 1993. 从1993年开始他一直住在这里。 from 说明开始时间，可用过去、现在、将 来的某种时态 From now on I will learn English every morning.从今以后，每天早晨我将学英语。, for 指动作延续贯穿整个过程，后接时间 段，句子用完成时 I have studied English for six years. 我已经学英语六年了。 3.after 和 in 介词 用法 例句 after 表示在以过去为起点的某一段时间之后，与一般过去时连用 They finished the work after two years. 他们两年后完成了这项工作。 在具体的时间点前，常与一般将来时连用 I’ll ring you up after two o’clock. 我会在两 点后给你打电话。 in 表示以此时此刻为起点的将来的一个时间段之后，常与一般将来时连用 My father will return to Beijing in five days. 我爸爸将在5天后返回北京。 注意：in the past 意为“在过去”，常与一般过去时连用，in the past/last+时间段，意为“在过去的……中”，表示从现在算起的过去的一段时间，包括此时此刻在内，常与现在完成时连用。 In the past few years,great changes have taken place in our school.在过去的几年里我们学校发生了巨大的变化。 4.until 和 by 介词 用法 例句 until 用于否定句中，意为“ 直到……才”，其前的谓语动词多用非延续性动词；用在肯定句中，意为“直到……为止”，其前的谓语动词用延续性动词 I didn’t go to bed until 10 o’clock. 直到十点我才睡觉。 I waited for my mother until 10 o’clock. 我等妈妈直到十点。 by 后加“将来的时间”时常与一般将来时连用；后加“ 过去的时间”时常与过去完成时连用 I’ll finish eating by nine o’clock. We had learnt 1 , 000 English words by the end of last term.到上个学期末，我们已经学了1000个英语单词。 5.before 和 after before 和 after 表示时间，分别意为“在……之前”和“ 在……之后”。 Please bring your homework here before ten o’clock.请于十点前把你的作业带到这里来。 I will play basketball with my friends after class.下课后我将和朋友们去打篮球。 二、表示方位的介词 1.in、on 和 to 介词 用法 例句 in 表示在某一范围之内的某方位（属于该范围） Guangzhou is in the south of China. 广州 位于中国的南部。 on 表示与某地是毗邻关系 Vietnam is on the south of China. 越南位于中国的南部。 to 表示在某一范围之外的某方位（不属于该范围） Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东部。 2.over、above 和 on 介词 用法 例句 over 指“ 在……的正上方”，表示垂直在上 There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。 above 泛指在上方，表面不接触 Raise your arms above your head. on 指在上面，表示两个物体接触 There is a plate on the table. 桌子上有一个盘子。 3.at、in 和 on 介词 用法 例句 at 表示较小的地点 They arrived late at the bus stop.他们晚到了公共汽车站。 in 表示较大的地点 He lives in China.他住在中国。 on 表示接近某地 The town is right on the border.这个城镇就在边境上。 4.in front of,in the front of 和 before 介词（ 短语） 用法 例句 in front of 表示“ 在 …… 的 前面”（范围外） There are some trees in front of the classroom.教室前面有一些树。 in the front of 表示“ 在 ……的 前部”（范围内） There is a desk in the front of the classroom.在教室的前面有一张课桌。 before 所表 示 的 位 置 关 系和 in front of 相 同，表示“ 在 …… 前，在……前面 ” He sits before me. 他坐在我前面。 5.below 和 under 介词 用法 例句 below 表示“在下方或位置低于 ……”，不一定有垂直在下之意 The coat reaches below the knees.这件外套到膝盖下面。 under 表示“ 在 …… 正下方 ” There are many bikes under the trees.树下有许多自行车。 三、表示方式的介词 1.in、with 和 by 表示“用 ” 介词 用法 例句 in 表示“ 用语言、声音”等 Can you sing this song in English? 你能用英语唱这首歌吗？ with 表示“用具体有形的东西 ” I write my homework with a pen.我用钢笔写作业。 by 表示“用……手段或方式 ”，后常接动名词 The girl made money by selling flowers. 这个女孩通过卖花赚钱。 2.by、in 和 on 表示交通方式 介词 用法 例词 by 用于不涉及交通工具的名词前 by sea 乘船；by air乘飞机 用于涉及交通工具的名词前，名词前面不加冠词或任何修饰语 by ship 乘 船；by plane 乘飞机 in 当交通方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时，用 on 或 in , 名词前应有冠词、物主代词等修饰语 in a car 乘小汽车 on on my bike 骑我的自行车 易混易错 1.across ,through 和 over 介词 用法 across “ 横越，穿过”，指从物体表面穿过或从一边到另一边 through “ 穿过；从……中通过”，着重指从物体内部通过 over 有“越过”之意，含有从某一物体表面之上或空间范围之上“通过；越过”之意 2.between 和 among 介词 用法 between 在两者之间，常与 and 连接 among 在三者或三者以上之间 3.except、besides 和 but 介词 用法 except 意为“除……之外”。except 后接被排除的部分，常与 all , everything , everybody , always 等词连用 besides 意为“除了…… 外还有 ……”。besides 后接增加的部分 but 意为“除了……之外不再有”。but 后接仅有或存在的内容，常与 nobody , none , nothing , no 等表示否定含义的词连用 4.to 和 at 表行为对象时的区别 at 与某些动词连用，表攻击的目标，含有某种程度的恶意；to 只表示方向，无恶意。 Don’t laugh at others.It’s impolite.不要嘲笑别人，那是不礼貌的。 She came to me and shook my hand warmly.她走到我面前，热情地和我握手。 5.of sb.与 for sb. 的区别 of sb.用于 It is+adj. +of sb. +to do sth.句型中，形容词为 clever, kind , nice 等描述人物性格特征的词，of 后的人物与形容词有主表关系。 for sb.用于 It is+adj. +for sb. +to do sth. 句型中，形容词为 easy , important 等不描述人物性格特征的词，for 后的人物与形容词没有主表关系。 It is kind of you to help me.你帮助我，你太好了。 It is important for us to learn English well.对我们来说学好英语很重要。 考点二 介词的搭配 介词在实际运用中常常和名词、形容词、动词等词类构成固定搭配，这些固定搭配在句子中的表现十分活跃。 1.介词与名词的固定搭配 in a word 总而言之 in life 一生中 in time 及时 at sea 在海上 on time 准时，按时 in town 在镇里 on foot 步行 in a low voice 小声地 in the distance 在远处 in public 当众 in the middle of 在……中间 in trouble 处于困境 in fact 事实上 in surprise 惊奇地 in a hurry 匆忙，急忙 by the way 顺便说 in the end 最后 in space 在太空 by spaceship 乘坐宇宙飞船 in order 妥当，适宜，正常 on display 陈列，展览 during the day 在白天 in line 成一直线 on show 展出 at school 在上学 in silence 安静地 at the back of 在……后面 in this way 用这种方法 out of breath 上气不接下气 at the same time 同时 on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上 by hand 手工，亲手交付 by the time 到……的时候 by the end of 到……结束时 out of sight 消失，看不见 on duty 值日 out of work 失业 on the left/right 在左／右边 on the other side of 在……的另一边 to one’s surprise/joy 使某人吃惊／高兴的是 2.介词与形容词的固定搭配 careful about 小心 sure about/of 肯定 certain of 对……有把握 good at 擅长 good for 对……有好处 surprised at 对……吃惊 famous for 因……而出名 ready for 为……做好了准备 known for 因……而出名 strict with sb.对某人要求严格 sorry for 对……过意不去 late for 迟到 different from 与……不同 successful in 在……方面成功 interested in 对……感兴趣 disappointed in 对……失望 proud of 为……自豪 tired of 厌倦 afraid of 害怕 short of 短缺 full of 充满 similar to 相似 familiar to 为……所熟悉 satisfied with 对……满意 busy with 忙于 friendly to 对……友好 angry with 生……的气 3.介词与动词的固定搭配 laugh at 嘲笑 take part in 参加 think of 想出，想起 go on with 继续 worry about 为……担心 look after 照看，照料 look like 看起来像 look for 寻找 hear from 收到……来信 listen to 听 arrive in 到达（大地方） arrive at 到达（小地方） get to 到达 wait for 等候 agree with 同意，赞同 think about 考虑 catch up with 赶上，追上 come from 来自 pay for 支付 shout at 对……叫嚷 talk about 谈论 knock at/on 敲 play with 玩耍 point at 指向point to 指出 hear of 听说 look forward to 盼望 get on with sb.与某人相处 do well in 在……方面学／做得好 fall behind 落后 turn. . .into. . .把……变成 … … help...with. . .帮助……做 … … take/catch hold of 抓住 decide on 决定 take care of 照顾 hand in 上交 have nothing to do with 与……无关 base. . .on/be based on 以……为根据 keep out of 使不进入 leave for 离开（去另一个地方） talk to 与……谈话 go in for 从事，爱好 look at 看 speak to sb.对某人说 deal with 处置，对待 fill with 充满，装满 depend on 依靠，依赖，取决于 tie. . .to. . .把……系在……上 pass on 传递 smile at 对……微笑 believe in 信任 belong to 属于 write to 给……写信 regard. . .as. . .把……看作 … … 一、单项选择 一、单项选择 1.(2025河北) We usually go to school ___ Monday ___ Friday. A. from; to B. on; on C. from; and D. between; and 2.(2025广东) My birthday is ___ the morning of June 18th. A. in B. on C. at D. for 3.(2025江苏) They will arrive ___ Beijing ___ the afternoon. A. at; in B. in; on C. in; in D. at; at 4.(2025浙江) We go to school ___ bike every day. A. by B. in C. on D. with 5.(2025山东) I agree ___ you, and I will join the sports club with you. A. to B. with C. on D. for 6.(2025湖北) The little girl is afraid ___ dogs. A. with B. to C. of D. for 7.(2025四川) He is good ___ playing the piano, so he wants to be a musician. A. at B. for C. with D. to 8.(2025河南) I usually get up ___ 6:30 in the morning. A. in B. on C. at D. for 9.(2025湖南) The bridge ___ the river is about 500 meters long. A. across B. through C. over D. along 10.(2025安徽) We will have a trip ___ the end of this month. A. in B. at C. by D. to 11.(2025江西) She is different ___ her sister. They have many differences. A. as B. from C. with D. like 12.(2025广西) I look forward ___ meeting my old friend next week. A. to B. in C. on D. with 二、词汇填空 13.(2025辽宁) My father goes to work ___ car every morning. 14.(2025福建) We have an English class ___ 9:00 a.m. on Wednesday. 15.(2025陕西) Thank you ___ helping me with my English homework. 16.(2025云南) The boy is interested ___ playing basketball in his free time. 17.(2025贵州) There is a big tree ___ front of our classroom. 18.(2025黑龙江) The teacher is strict ___ us, but she is very kind. 【答案与解析】 1.A from…to…（从…到…），固定搭配表时间段 2.B 具体某天早中晚，用介词on 3.C 大地点用in；in the afternoon（下午），固定搭配 4.A by+交通工具（无冠词），表出行方式 5.B agree with sb（同意某人），固定搭配 6.C be afraid of sth（害怕某物），固定搭配 7.A be good at doing sth（擅长做某事），固定搭配 8.C 具体时刻前，用介词at 9.C over（在…上方，无接触），桥在河上用over 10.B at the end of（在…末尾），固定短语 11.B be different from（与…不同），固定搭配 12.A look forward to（期待），to是介词，固定搭配 二、词汇填空 13.by by car（开车），交通方式固定表达 14.at 具体时刻前用at 15.for thank sb for doing sth（感谢某人做某事），固定搭配 16.in be interested in doing sth（对做某事感兴趣），固定搭配 17.in in front of（在…外部前面），固定短语 18.with be strict with sb（对某人严格），固定搭配 一、完形填空 根据短文内容，从A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案，并把答题卡上 对应题目的答案标号涂黑。   Patience is a very important skill in our lives. It helps people solve problems, build better relationships, and make progress. It shapes both great minds and daily life.   A wonderful 1 is the story of the ancient philosopher Confucius. His teaching method showed the power of patience. When teaching his students, he never 2 . One famous story tells of a student who asked the same.question three times. 3 other students were already impatient, Confucius still kept answering his questions kindly. His patience made his students trust him and learn better.   Scientist Tu Youyou also showed how 4 changed the world. When studying a deadly disease, she tested over 2,000 old remedies (药方) for years 5 success. Instead of being worried, she 6 reviewed each result. Even when the situation was hopeless, she remained calm. Finally, her patience 7 the discovery of artemisinin (青蒿素), saving millions of lives.   Patience helps in everyday life, too. Imagine parents teaching a child to ride a bike. If 8 lose patience and yell (吼叫), the child might give up. But with encouragement and time, the child learns and gets confidence. In friendships, being patient when our friends are 9 for our meeting can prevent arguments and show true care, as they may be caught in a heavy traffic.   In a word, patience is a powerful quality. It’s like a bright light that guides us through 10 times, helping us build better lives and even making a difference to the world around us. 1．A．book B．example C．person D．method 2．A．rushed B．helped C．taught D．enjoyed 3．A．While B．But C．So D．If 4．A．love B．confidence C．patience D．courage 5．A．in B．without C．through D．on 6．A．carefully B．quickly C．easily D．hardly 7．A．stuck to B．led to C．gave up D．took up 8．A．he B．you C．we D．they 9．A．ready B．fit C．late D．sorry 10．A．happy B．scary C．easy D．difficult 二、任务型阅读 阅读下文并回答问题。 Shi Guangyin is a farmer and eco-warrior (生态战士) from Dingbian, Shaanxi Province, China. Born in 1952, he grew up in a small town near the desert, where sandstorms often destroyed crops, houses, and even people’s lives. The local weather condition is terrible, and so is life for the locals. Growing up in such an environment, Shi knows how much pain and harm the sand can cause. As a child, Shi experienced the pain of losing his home because of sandstorms. At the age of 8, he lost his best friend in a sandstorm, which made him decide to fight against desertification (沙漠化). Fighting against the desert is not an easy job. In 1968, Shi started leading local people to plant trees in the desert. After years of hard work, he succeeded in finding ways to grow trees in the sand. In 1984, he sold 84 sheep and borrowed money to plant trees on 200 hectares (公顷) of land. Although he had many difficulties, including failures in the harsh (艰苦) area of Langwosha, Shi never stopped fighting. In 1988, he finally succeeded in greening Langwosha by using new planting technology. Shi was old. His son, Shi Zhanjun, continued planting trees but sadly died in a car accident while transporting trees. Shi’s grandson, Shi Jianyang, then took up the responsibility. Together, they have turned 23,334 hectares of desert into green land. Shi believes that fighting against desertification is his lifelong duty. He says, “I shall not stop planting trees until my last breath.” His story shows how one person’s will can make a big difference in protecting nature and living in harmony (和谐) with the environment. 11．Was it easy for Shi Guangyin to fight against desertification? 12．Who continued Shi Guangyin’s work after his son’s death? 13．How did Shi Guangyin green the desert? 14．What do you want to say to Shi Guangyin after reading his story? (about 30 words) 三、概要补全 根据阅读语篇和情景任务，在空格处填上适当的短语或句子，请尽量用自己的语言表达。 For many years, people thought the brain stopped changing after you became a teenager or a young adult. They believed it would just get weaker as you get older. But now scientists know the brain can keep changing a lot even when you’re old. This amazing power is called neuroplasticity (大脑可塑性). It means your brain can make new connections and fix old ones all through life. When a baby is born, the brain has almost all the small cells (细胞) it will ever need. And at around 15 months old, a baby’s brain has the most connections. As a baby grows, the brain keeps the connections that are often used and cuts the ones that aren’t used. This makes brain work faster. An adult’s brain keeps changing. A part of it called the hippocampus (海马体), plays an important role. It keeps making new cells and building better connections, even when people are older. This helps to learn and remember. That’s why adults can still learn new things. Because of the brain’s amazing power, practice is very important. It makes the brain stronger in areas you use often. If you don’t practice a skill, the brain thinks you don’t need it anymore and weakens it. But the more you practice, the better skills you will have. For example, practicing piano makes your brain better at music, but stopping practice makes you forget. This idea challenges all the thoughts about the brain, giving hope for getting better. It means you’re never too old to learn because your amazing brain is ready. Reading reportToday, I read a passage about neuroplasticity. Long ago, people thought the brain stopped growing after kids became adults. But now we know it can change all life long! That’s called neuroplasticity. It means the brain can 15 and fix old ones all through life. When a baby is born, it has almost all its brain cells. At about 15 months old, connections are the most. The brain keeps used connections and cuts unused ones. An adult’s brain keeps changing, mainly 16 the hippocampus. It keeps making and building better connections. This is helpful for learning and remembering. Practice is important because it makes the brain stronger. If you stop practicing, your skill will weaken. But 17 , the better your skill will be! The brain can grow forever! That’s amazing! I decided that 18 . 【答案与解析】 一、完形填空 1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文通过孔子和屠呦呦的例子，以及日常生活中的场景，阐述了耐心的重要性。耐心能帮助解决问题、建立良好关系、取得进步，甚至改变世界。文章最后强调耐心是引导我们度过困难时期的强大品质。 1．句意：一个绝佳的例子是古代哲学家孔子的故事。 book书；example例子；person人；method方法。后文提到孔子的故事是为了举例说明耐心的力量，故空处指“例子”。故选B。 2．句意：在教导学生时，他从不匆忙。 rushed匆忙；helped帮助；taught教；enjoyed享受。根据“His patience made his students trust him and learn better.”可知，孔子教学时从不匆忙，很有耐心。故选A。 3．句意：然而其他学生已经不耐烦，孔子仍耐心解答。 While当……时，然而；But但是；So所以；If如果，是否。根据空前后关系可知，空处表对比，突出孔子与其他学生的态度差异。故选A。 4．句意：科学家屠呦呦展示了耐心如何改变世界。 love爱；confidence自信；patience耐心；courage勇气。根据下文“Finally, her patience...”可知，她展示了耐心如何改变世界。故选C。 5．句意：当她研究一个致命的疾病时，她多年测试2000多个古方却无成果。 in在……里；without没有；through通过；on在……上。根据“Instead of being worried”可知，空处指她研究初期测试了很多古方却无成果。故选B。 6．句意：而不是担心，她仔细检查每个结果。 carefully认真地；quickly快速地；easily容易地；hardly几乎不。根据“reviewed each result.”可知，她仔细检查每个结果。故选A。 7．句意：最后，她的耐心导致了青蒿素的发现，挽救了上百万生命。 stuck to坚持；led to导致；gave up放弃；took up占据。根据“the discovery of artemisinin (青蒿素)”可知，因为她有耐心，最终导致了青蒿素的发现。故选B。 8．句意：如果他们失去耐心并吼叫，孩子可能放弃。 he他；you你，你们；we我们；they他们。根据“Patience helps in everyday life, too. Imagine parents teaching a child to ride a bike. If...lose patience and yell (吼叫),”可知，如果父母失去耐心并吼叫，空处需代词they，指代父母。故选D。 9．句意：在友谊中，当朋友迟到时保持耐心可以阻止争论并会流露出真正的关心，因为他们可能困于交通堵塞中。 ready准备的；fit合适的；late迟的；sorry抱歉的。根据“as they may be caught in a heavy traffic.”可知，他们可能因交通堵塞而迟到。故选C。 10．句意：耐心如同一盏明灯指引我们度过困难时期，帮助我们创建更好的生活，对我们周围的世界产生影响。 happy高兴的；scary恐怖的；easy容易的；difficult困难的。根据“It’s like a bright light that guides us through...times”可知，耐心像明灯指引我们度过“艰难”时期。故选D。 二、任务型阅读 11．No. 12．His grandson. 13．He led local people to plant trees in the desert and he used new planting technology. (两个要点) 14．Your dedication and perseverance in fighting desertification are truly inspiring. You have shown us the power of one person’s will in protecting nature. Thank you for your great contribution! (答案不唯一，合理即可) 【导语】本文主要讲述了来自陕西定边的生态战士石光银的故事，他一生致力于对抗沙漠化，把沙漠变成绿地，展现了一个人保护自然的意志力。 11．根据“Fighting against the desert is not an easy job”可知与沙漠抗争并非易事。故填No. 12．根据“Shi’s grandson, Shi Jianyang, then took up the responsibility”可知石光银的孙子石建阳在他儿子去世后继续他的工作。故填His grandson. 13．根据“In 1968, Shi started leading local people to plant trees in the desert...In 1988, he finally succeeded in greening Langwosha by using new planting technology.”可知他带领当地人在沙漠中种树，并使用了新的种植技术绿化了沙漠。故填He led local people to plant trees in the desert and he used new planting technology. 14．开放性作答，言之合理即可。参考答案为Your dedication and perseverance in fighting desertification are truly inspiring. You have shown us the power of one person’s will in protecting nature. Thank you for your great contribution! 三、概要补全 15．make new connections 16．because of 17．the more you practice 18．I will keep practicing new skills to make my brain stronger 【导语】本文主要介绍了大脑可塑性，说明大脑并非在成年后停止变化，而是终生都能建立新连接、修复旧连接；还讲述了婴儿和成年人的大脑变化特点，以及练习对强化大脑功能的重要性。 15．根据原文“It means your brain can make new connections and fix old ones all through life.”可知，大脑可塑性指大脑终生可以建立新连接并修复旧连接。阅读报告中此处对应原文内容，故填make new connections. 16．根据原文“A part of it called the hippocampus plays an important role. It keeps making new cells and building better connections…”可知，成年人的大脑持续变化主要是因为海马体的作用，空处应填表示“因为”的短语，可用“because of”表示。故填because of. 17．根据原文“But the more you practice, the better skill you will have.”可知，练习得越多，技能就会越好。阅读报告中此处对应这一内容，故填the more you practice. 18．根据文章内容，大脑终生可塑，练习能强化大脑功能，因此可以结合这一主旨填写个人决定。比如“我会坚持练习新技能来让我的大脑更强大”。故填I will keep practicing new skills to make my brain stronger. 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 代词＆介词 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 3 03 考点通关·靶向突破 3 ★ 考点一 代词 3 ★ 考点二 介词 11 04 优题精选·练能提分 22 词性 情况 课程分析 代词 考情剖析 分值与题型：直接考查3-5分，分布在语法选择1-2题、完形填空1-2空、词汇运用1题；阅读、写作隐性考查指代连贯。 核心考点：人称/物主/反身代词（主宾格、形容/名词性物主代词、固定搭配）、不定代词（some/any、few/a few、both/either/neither、other系列、one/it/that）、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词（定语从句）。 命题特点：语境为王，纯语法题减少；形近意异干扰（other系列、one/it/that）；固定搭配陷阱（反身代词短语）。 命题预测 （一）核心考点预测（高频+新增趋势） 1. 基础必考点（100%考）：人称代词主宾格、物主代词（形容/名词性）转换，反身代词固定搭配；不定代词的辨析；指示代词this/that/these/those。 2. 难点拉分点（高频）：one/it/that指代差异（one泛指同类、it同物、that特指同类）；复合不定代词（something/anything/nothing等）修饰语后置、主谓一致；关系代词that/which/who（定语从句，先行词为人/物/不定代词）。 3. 新增/强化趋势 代词与主谓一致结合（each/neither等作主语）；语篇中代词指代链（完形/阅读，需上下文推导）。；反身代词作同位语（强调主语）。 （二）命题特点预测 语境化命题、混淆项升级、固定搭配可能结合情景交际考查。 解题锦囊 1. 基础巩固：每天10分钟专项听写，强化人称/物主/反身代词形式转换。 2. 难点突破：用“真题切片法”，归纳不定代词、指代差异的高频错题。 3. 语境训练：在完形/阅读中标注代词指代对象，建立指代链意识。 4. 写作应用：书面表达中刻意使用代词简化表达，避免名词重复。 介词 考情剖析 分值：3-4分，语法选择1-2题、完形1-2空、词汇运用1题，阅读/写作隐性考固定搭配。 核心题型：介词辨析（时间/方位）、固定搭配、短语，纯语法题少，多嵌语境。 高频考向：时间介词（in/on/at/for/since）、方位介词（in/on/under/across等）、方式介词（by/with/in）、固定搭配（介词+动词/名词/形容词）。 命题预测 语境优先：无孤立介词题，需结合句意/场景判断（如时间是否具体、方位关系） 搭配为王：固定搭配是易错重灾区，多考动词/形容词/名词+介词的固定组合 易混干扰：选项设形近义异介词，迷惑性强（如in/on/at、across/through） 解题锦囊 1.固定搭配优先，秒锁答案（动词/形/名词+介词直接套）； 2.先定类别（时间/方位/方式），抓关键信息选； 3.易混介词凭特征词+反向排除； 4.避坑点：短语整体记；词汇题先看搭配再核句意；完形优先呼应前文同搭配。 考点一 代词 考点一 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 一、人称代词 1 . 人称代词的主格、宾格 单数 复数 一 二 三 一 二 三 主格 I you she;he;it we you they 宾格 me you her;him;it us you them 2 . 人称代词的用法 (1) 人称代词的主格在句中充当主语。She is a good student. (2) 人称代词的宾格在句中充当动词、介词的宾语或充当表语。I don’t know her.（作动词宾语） His mother is waiting for him outside .（作介词宾语） —Who is there?—It’s me! （作表语） 3 . 人称代词的顺序 几个人称代词并列充当主语时，它们的顺序是： 单数形式（ 二、三、一）you , he/she and I 复数形式（ 一、二、三）we , you and they 二、物主代词 1 . 物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，列表如下： 单数 复数 一 二 三 一 二 三 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他／她／它们的 形容词性 my your his her its our your their 名词性 mine yours his hers — ours yours theirs 2 . 形容词性物主代词后面常接名词，一般不单独使用。 His parents are both office workers . My name is Jack. 3 . 名词性物主代词后面不需要加名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”。 My idea is quite different from hers( = her idea) . 4 . 名词性物主代词可与 of 连用，表示部分概念或带有一定的感情色彩。 He is a friend of mine.（ 我的一个朋友） 三、反身代词 1 . 反身代词的形式 数 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 第二人称 yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己 第三人称 himself 他自己 herself 她自己itself 它自己 themselves 他们自己 她们自己 它们自己 2 . 反身代词的用法 反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词在人称、性别、数上保持一致。 I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party.（ 作宾语） The children made model planes themselves.（作同位语） 3 . 反身代词的常用词组 teach oneself 自学 learn by oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 过得愉快；玩得高兴 help oneself to 随便吃／用 come to oneself 苏醒 hurt oneself 受伤 by oneself 独自 考点二 不定代词、指示代词和 it 的用法 一、不定代词 （一）普通不定代词 1.初中阶段常用的普通不定代词如下： some,any，many , much，each，( a) few , ( a) little，either ,neither，both, all ,none，one another others ，the other，the others 2. 普通不定代词的用法 (1) some 与 any 不定代词 用法说明 例句 some some一般用于肯定句中；但在疑问句中，若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表示请求、建议时应用 some You’ll find some in the box. any any 多用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中 I need some stamps . Are there any in your bag? (2) many与much 不定代词 用法说明 例句 many 指代可数名词复数，可作主语和宾语 Many of us have seen the film. much 指代不可数名词 I know much about it. (3) either 与 neither 不定代词 用法说明 例句 either 指两个人或物之中的任何一个 常和of连用,且常构成固定搭 配：either/neither of +名／代词的复数 +谓语动词 I have two pens ,but I don’t like either of them. 我有两支钢笔，但我都不喜欢。 neither 指两个人或物中一个也不 Neither of the books is good. 这两本书没一本是好的。 (4) both、all 及 none 不定代词 用法说明 例句 both 表示“两者都”，常与 of 连用 Both of my parents are farmers .我的父母都是农民。 all 指“ 三者或三者以上都 ” All of us should go there.我们所有人都应该去那里。 They all agree to stay here.他们都同意待在这儿。 none 指“三者或三者以上都不”；常用来回答how many , how much引导的疑问句 None of the students in our class can work out the maths problem.我们班的学生没有一个能解答出这道数学题。 —How much rice do you need? 你需要多少米饭？ —None. 一点也不要。 (5) each 与 every 用法说明 例句 each（不定代词） 表示“每一个”之意，用来指两个或两个以上的人或事物，强调个体 。当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt. 我们每个人都穿着一件黄色T恤。 every （限定词） 表示“每一个”之意，指三个或三个以上的人或事物，强调全体，在句中只能作定语，修饰作主语的名词时谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式 Every student has passed the exam. 每个学生都通过了这次考试。 (6) little , a little , few , a few 修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词 肯定 a few 一些 a little 一点儿 否定 few 几乎没有 little 几乎没有 (7) the other , others , the others , another 意义 用法说明 the other 两者中另一个 常与one连用，构成“ one. . . the other. . . ”，作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“ 其余全部的 ” others 泛指别的人或物 泛指别的人或物（ 但不是全部），不能作定语；常与some 连用，构成“ some. . . others . . . ” the others 特指其余的人或物 是 the other 的复数形式，特指其余所有的人或物 another 另一个 指三者或三者以上的另一个 （二）复合不定代词 somebody （某人） anybody （任何人） nobody （没有人） everybody （每人） someone （某人） anyone （任何人） no one （没有人） everyone （每人） something （某事） anything （任何事） nothing （没有什么） everything （每件事） Do you have anything special to tell me today?今天你有什么特别的事要告诉我吗？ Listen to me , boys and girls . I have something to tell you .同学们，听我说 。我有一些事情要告诉你们。 —Is there anything in the cup?—No , there is nothing .—杯子里有东西吗？—没有，什么也没有。 易混易错 1. 当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something , everything , everyone等时，形容词或else 必须放在这些词的后面 。 Xiaoming has something important to tell you .小明有一些重要的事情要告诉你。 Can you find anyone else? 你能找到其他人吗？ 2. everyone的意思等同于everybody , 只能指人；every one既可指人也可指物，还可以和of 短语连用。 I’d like everyone to be happy.我希望人人都幸福。 I have kept every one of her letters .我把她的每一封信都保存了下来。 二、指示代词 1. this/these (1)近指 This is my pen. 这是我的钢笔。 These are my books . 这些是我的书。 (2)指下文要提到的事 Please remember this: No pain , no gain.请记住：一分耕耘，一分收获。 2. that/those (1)远指 That is her bike . 那是她的自行车。 Those are my sheep.那些是我的绵羊。 (2)指前面刚刚提到过的事 He was ill . That was why he didn’t go to school .他病了。那就是他没有去上学的原因。 3. 打电话时用 this 介绍自己，用 that 询问对方This is Mike speaking.我是迈克。 Who is that speaking? 您是哪位？ 4. that , those 常用在比较句型中 The population of China is larger than that of Japan.中国的人口比日本的（人口）多。 The apples in this shop are much cheaper than those in that shop.这个商店的苹果比那个商店的（苹果）要便宜得多。 三、it 的用法 1. 指代前面提到过的事物 。 The book on the desk is not mine . It is Jim’s . 2. 代替指示代词 this 或 that 。 —What’s that?—It is a pencil . 3. 指代婴儿或不明身份的人 。 Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who it is . 4. 指代时间或季节 。 —What’s the time now?—It’s ten o’clock. 5. 指代天气 。如： —What’s the weather like today?—It’s sunny . 6. 指代距离 。如： How far is it from your school to your home? 7. it 作形式主语 不定式、动名词、从句作句子主语时，为了保持句子平衡，通常把它们放在句末，而在句首使用形式主语 it。 it 用作形式主语的重要句型： ①It+be+adj. +for sb . +to do sth. It is very important for me to learn a foreign language .学一门外语对我来说非常重要。 ②It+takes/took(+sb . ) +some time+to do sth. It took me some time to finish reading the reading materials .我花了些时间才看完阅读材料。 8. it 作形式宾语 it 作形式宾语常代替不定式、动名词和 that 从句，此时将 it 置于谓语动词之后，不定式、动名词和 that 从句放在最后。 I find it hard to learn gymnastics .我发现学体操很难。 I feel it necessary to take plenty of exercise every day .我觉得每天进行大量的锻炼是有必要的。 I made it a rule to keep diaries . 写日记成了我的习惯。 易混易错 1. none , nothing 与 no one 易混词 用法 例句 none 既可指人，也可指物，意思是“全无 ” There are many people over there. I know none of them. 那边有许多人，我一个也不认识。 nothing 仅指事物，在指代上没有做什么限制 She knew nothing about it.她对此一无所知。 no one 用来指人，多强调个体，后面一般不接of短语 —Did anyone come to see you?有人来看你吗？ —No one.没有。 2. it , one 与 that 作代词时的区别 易混词 用法 例句 it 指代上文提到的同一事物 The book is mine. It’s very interesting . 这本书是我的，它很有趣。 one 泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同物 —Who has a pen?谁有钢笔？ —I have one.我有一支。 that 常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复 The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.在冬天，北京的天气比广州的天气冷。 3. either 与 any 易混词 用法 例句 either 表示“（两者中的）任何一个” —Which do you want , tea or coffee? 你想要哪一种，茶还是咖啡？ —Either.都行。 any 表示“（三者或三者以上中的）每一个或任何一个 ” —Which do you like best , tea , coffee or water?你最喜欢哪一种，茶、咖啡还是水？ —Any.都行。 1、 单项选择 1.(2025河北) —Is this your notebook? —No, ______ is in my desk. A.I B.me C.mine D.my 2.(2025广东) They learned English by ______ last term. A.themselves B.ourselves C.yourself D.himself 3.(2025江苏) There are two pens. You can choose ______ of them. A.either B.all C.none D.every 4.(2025浙江) The population of Xi’an is larger than ______ of Xiamen. A.it B.one C.that D.this 5.(2025山东) ______ of the two answers is right. Try again. A.Both B.Either C.Neither D.All 6.(2025湖北) There isn’t ______ in the box. It’s empty. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 7.(2025四川) The book ______ I bought yesterday is very interesting. A.who B.which C.what D.whose 8.(2025河南) Let ______ help you with your English. A.I B.me C.my D.mine 9.(2025湖南) —Who taught you to swim? —Nobody. I taught ______. A.me B.myself C.mine D.I 10.(2025安徽) ______ is important for us to keep healthy. A.It B.That C.This D.One 二、词汇填空 11.(2025辽宁) We should finish our homework by ______(we). 12.(2025福建) This isn’t her pencil. ______(she) is on the desk. 13.(2025陕西) My brother hurt ______(he) when playing basketball. 14.(2025云南) There is something wrong with ______(I) computer. 15.(2025贵州) Help ______(you) to some cakes, Linda. 考点二 介词 考点一 介词的基本用法 一、表示时间的介词 1.in、on 和 at 介词 用法 示例 in 用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指的一天的上午、下午、晚上等前，还可用于表示“从现在起多长时间以后或多久之后 ” in May 在五月；in 2022 在2022年； in the sixteenth century在16世纪； in autumn在秋天；in the morning在早上；in an hour 一个小时后 on 用在星期几，具体某一天，具体某 一 天的上午、下午、晚上，或节日前 on Mid⁃Autumn Day在中秋节；on June 1st在6月1日；on the morning of June 1st 在6月1日的早上 at 多用于具体的钟点时刻前，也可用于固定搭配中 at seven在七点；at noon在中午；at night在晚上；at age 10 在十岁时 注意：在 以 this , that , next , last , tomorrow , yesterday , every 等开始的表示时间的词组前不用介词。 I will go to Shanghai this Sunday.这个星期日我将去上海。 2.since、from 和 for 介词 用法 例句 since 指从某时一直延续至今，后常接时间点，句子用完成时 He has lived here since 1993. 从1993年开始他一直住在这里。 from 说明开始时间，可用过去、现在、将 来的某种时态 From now on I will learn English every morning.从今以后，每天早晨我将学英语。, for 指动作延续贯穿整个过程，后接时间 段，句子用完成时 I have studied English for six years. 我已经学英语六年了。 3.after 和 in 介词 用法 例句 after 表示在以过去为起点的某一段时间之后，与一般过去时连用 They finished the work after two years. 他们两年后完成了这项工作。 在具体的时间点前，常与一般将来时连用 I’ll ring you up after two o’clock. 我会在两 点后给你打电话。 in 表示以此时此刻为起点的将来的一个时间段之后，常与一般将来时连用 My father will return to Beijing in five days. 我爸爸将在5天后返回北京。 注意：in the past 意为“在过去”，常与一般过去时连用，in the past/last+时间段，意为“在过去的……中”，表示从现在算起的过去的一段时间，包括此时此刻在内，常与现在完成时连用。 In the past few years,great changes have taken place in our school.在过去的几年里我们学校发生了巨大的变化。 4.until 和 by 介词 用法 例句 until 用于否定句中，意为“ 直到……才”，其前的谓语动词多用非延续性动词；用在肯定句中，意为“直到……为止”，其前的谓语动词用延续性动词 I didn’t go to bed until 10 o’clock. 直到十点我才睡觉。 I waited for my mother until 10 o’clock. 我等妈妈直到十点。 by 后加“将来的时间”时常与一般将来时连用；后加“ 过去的时间”时常与过去完成时连用 I’ll finish eating by nine o’clock. We had learnt 1 , 000 English words by the end of last term.到上个学期末，我们已经学了1000个英语单词。 5.before 和 after before 和 after 表示时间，分别意为“在……之前”和“ 在……之后”。 Please bring your homework here before ten o’clock.请于十点前把你的作业带到这里来。 I will play basketball with my friends after class.下课后我将和朋友们去打篮球。 二、表示方位的介词 1.in、on 和 to 介词 用法 例句 in 表示在某一范围之内的某方位（属于该范围） Guangzhou is in the south of China. 广州 位于中国的南部。 on 表示与某地是毗邻关系 Vietnam is on the south of China. 越南位于中国的南部。 to 表示在某一范围之外的某方位（不属于该范围） Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东部。 2.over、above 和 on 介词 用法 例句 over 指“ 在……的正上方”，表示垂直在上 There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。 above 泛指在上方，表面不接触 Raise your arms above your head. on 指在上面，表示两个物体接触 There is a plate on the table. 桌子上有一个盘子。 3.at、in 和 on 介词 用法 例句 at 表示较小的地点 They arrived late at the bus stop.他们晚到了公共汽车站。 in 表示较大的地点 He lives in China.他住在中国。 on 表示接近某地 The town is right on the border.这个城镇就在边境上。 4.in front of,in the front of 和 before 介词（ 短语） 用法 例句 in front of 表示“ 在 …… 的前面”（范围外） There are some trees in front of the classroom.教室前面有一些树。 in the front of 表示“ 在 ……的前部”（范围内） There is a desk in the front of the classroom.在教室的前面有一张课桌。 before 所表示的位置关系和in front of相同，表示“ 在 …… 前，在……前面 ” He sits before me. 他坐在我前面。 5.below 和 under 介词 用法 例句 below 表示“在下方或位置低于 ……”，不一定有垂直在下之意 The coat reaches below the knees.这件外套到膝盖下面。 under 表示“ 在 …… 正下方 ” There are many bikes under the trees.树下有许多自行车。 三、表示方式的介词 1.in、with 和 by 表示“用 ” 介词 用法 例句 in 表示“ 用语言、声音”等 Can you sing this song in English? 你能用英语唱这首歌吗？ with 表示“用具体有形的东西 ” I write my homework with a pen.我用钢笔写作业。 by 表示“用……手段或方式 ”，后常接动名词 The girl made money by selling flowers. 这个女孩通过卖花赚钱。 2.by、in 和 on 表示交通方式 介词 用法 例词 by 用于不涉及交通工具的名词前 by sea 乘船；by air乘飞机 用于涉及交通工具的名词前，名词前面不加冠词或任何修饰语 by ship 乘 船；by plane 乘飞机 in 当交通方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时，用 on 或 in , 名词前应有冠词、物主代词等修饰语 in a car 乘小汽车 on on my bike 骑我的自行车 易混易错 1.across ,through 和 over 介词 用法 across “ 横越，穿过”，指从物体表面穿过或从一边到另一边 through “ 穿过；从……中通过”，着重指从物体内部通过 over 有“越过”之意，含有从某一物体表面之上或空间范围之上“通过；越过”之意 2.between 和 among 介词 用法 between 在两者之间，常与 and 连接 among 在三者或三者以上之间 3.except、besides 和 but 介词 用法 except 意为“除……之外”。except 后接被排除的部分，常与 all , everything , everybody , always 等词连用 besides 意为“除了…… 外还有 ……”。besides 后接增加的部分 but 意为“除了……之外不再有”。but 后接仅有或存在的内容，常与 nobody , none , nothing , no 等表示否定含义的词连用 4.to 和 at 表行为对象时的区别 at 与某些动词连用，表攻击的目标，含有某种程度的恶意；to 只表示方向，无恶意。 Don’t laugh at others.It’s impolite.不要嘲笑别人，那是不礼貌的。 She came to me and shook my hand warmly.她走到我面前，热情地和我握手。 5.of sb.与 for sb. 的区别 of sb.用于 It is+adj. +of sb. +to do sth.句型中，形容词为 clever, kind , nice 等描述人物性格特征的词，of 后的人物与形容词有主表关系。 for sb.用于 It is+adj. +for sb. +to do sth. 句型中，形容词为 easy , important 等不描述人物性格特征的词，for 后的人物与形容词没有主表关系。 It is kind of you to help me.你帮助我，你太好了。 It is important for us to learn English well.对我们来说学好英语很重要。 考点二 介词的搭配 介词在实际运用中常常和名词、形容词、动词等词类构成固定搭配，这些固定搭配在句子中的表现十分活跃。 1.介词与名词的固定搭配 in a word 总而言之 in life 一生中 in time 及时 at sea 在海上 on time 准时，按时 in town 在镇里 on foot 步行 in a low voice 小声地 in the distance 在远处 in public 当众 in the middle of 在……中间 in trouble 处于困境 in fact 事实上 in surprise 惊奇地 in a hurry 匆忙，急忙 by the way 顺便说 in the end 最后 in space 在太空 by spaceship 乘坐宇宙飞船 in order 妥当，适宜，正常 on display 陈列，展览 during the day 在白天 in line 成一直线 on show 展出 at school 在上学 in silence 安静地 at the back of 在……后面 in this way 用这种方法 out of breath 上气不接下气 at the same time 同时 on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上 by hand 手工，亲手交付 by the time 到……的时候 by the end of 到……结束时 out of sight 消失，看不见 on duty 值日 out of work 失业 on the left/right 在左／右边 on the other side of 在……的另一边 to one’s surprise/joy 使某人吃惊／高兴的是 2.介词与形容词的固定搭配 careful about 小心 sure about/of 肯定 certain of 对……有把握 good at 擅长 good for 对……有好处 surprised at 对……吃惊 famous for 因……而出名 ready for 为……做好了准备 known for 因……而出名 strict with sb.对某人要求严格 sorry for 对……过意不去 late for 迟到 different from 与……不同 successful in 在……方面成功 interested in 对……感兴趣 disappointed in 对……失望 proud of 为……自豪 tired of 厌倦 afraid of 害怕 short of 短缺 full of 充满 similar to 相似 familiar to 为……所熟悉 satisfied with 对……满意 busy with 忙于 friendly to 对……友好 angry with 生……的气 3.介词与动词的固定搭配 laugh at 嘲笑 take part in 参加 think of 想出，想起 go on with 继续 worry about 为……担心 look after 照看，照料 look like 看起来像 look for 寻找 hear from 收到……来信 listen to 听 arrive in 到达（大地方） arrive at 到达（小地方） get to 到达 wait for 等候 agree with 同意，赞同 think about 考虑 catch up with 赶上，追上 come from 来自 pay for 支付 shout at 对……叫嚷 talk about 谈论 knock at/on 敲 play with 玩耍 point at 指向point to 指出 hear of 听说 look forward to 盼望 get on with sb.与某人相处 do well in 在……方面学／做得好 fall behind 落后 turn. . .into. . .把……变成 … … help...with. . .帮助……做 … … take/catch hold of 抓住 decide on 决定 take care of 照顾 hand in 上交 have nothing to do with 与……无关 base. . .on/be based on 以……为根据 keep out of 使不进入 leave for 离开（去另一个地方） talk to 与……谈话 go in for 从事，爱好 look at 看 speak to sb.对某人说 deal with 处置，对待 fill with 充满，装满 depend on 依靠，依赖，取决于 tie. . .to. . .把……系在……上 pass on 传递 smile at 对……微笑 believe in 信任 belong to 属于 write to 给……写信 regard. . .as. . .把……看作 … … 一、单项选择 1.(2025河北) We usually go to school ___ Monday ___ Friday. A. from; to B. on; on C. from; and D. between; and 2.(2025广东) My birthday is ___ the morning of June 18th. A. in B. on C. at D. for 3.(2025江苏) They will arrive ___ Beijing ___ the afternoon. A. at; in B. in; on C. in; in D. at; at 4.(2025浙江) We go to school ___ bike every day. A. by B. in C. on D. with 5.(2025山东) I agree ___ you, and I will join the sports club with you. A. to B. with C. on D. for 6.(2025湖北) The little girl is afraid ___ dogs. A. with B. to C. of D. for 7.(2025四川) He is good ___ playing the piano, so he wants to be a musician. A. at B. for C. with D. to 8.(2025河南) I usually get up ___ 6:30 in the morning. A. in B. on C. at D. for 9.(2025湖南) The bridge ___ the river is about 500 meters long. A. across B. through C. over D. along 10.(2025安徽) We will have a trip ___ the end of this month. A. in B. at C. by D. to 11.(2025江西) She is different ___ her sister. They have many differences. A. as B. from C. with D. like 12.(2025广西) I look forward ___ meeting my old friend next week. A. to B. in C. on D. with 二、词汇填空 13.(2025辽宁) My father goes to work ___ car every morning. 14.(2025福建) We have an English class ___ 9:00 a.m. on Wednesday. 15.(2025陕西) Thank you ___ helping me with my English homework. 16.(2025云南) The boy is interested ___ playing basketball in his free time. 17.(2025贵州) There is a big tree ___ front of our classroom. 18.(2025黑龙江) The teacher is strict ___ us, but she is very kind. 一、完形填空 根据短文内容，从A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案，并把答题卡上 对应题目的答案标号涂黑。   Patience is a very important skill in our lives. It helps people solve problems, build better relationships, and make progress. It shapes both great minds and daily life.   A wonderful 1 is the story of the ancient philosopher Confucius. His teaching method showed the power of patience. When teaching his students, he never 2 . One famous story tells of a student who asked the same.question three times. 3 other students were already impatient, Confucius still kept answering his questions kindly. His patience made his students trust him and learn better.   Scientist Tu Youyou also showed how 4 changed the world. When studying a deadly disease, she tested over 2,000 old remedies (药方) for years 5 success. Instead of being worried, she 6 reviewed each result. Even when the situation was hopeless, she remained calm. Finally, her patience 7 the discovery of artemisinin (青蒿素), saving millions of lives.   Patience helps in everyday life, too. Imagine parents teaching a child to ride a bike. If 8 lose patience and yell (吼叫), the child might give up. But with encouragement and time, the child learns and gets confidence. In friendships, being patient when our friends are 9 for our meeting can prevent arguments and show true care, as they may be caught in a heavy traffic.   In a word, patience is a powerful quality. It’s like a bright light that guides us through 10 times, helping us build better lives and even making a difference to the world around us. 1．A．book B．example C．person D．method 2．A．rushed B．helped C．taught D．enjoyed 3．A．While B．But C．So D．If 4．A．love B．confidence C．patience D．courage 5．A．in B．without C．through D．on 6．A．carefully B．quickly C．easily D．hardly 7．A．stuck to B．led to C．gave up D．took up 8．A．he B．you C．we D．they 9．A．ready B．fit C．late D．sorry 10．A．happy B．scary C．easy D．difficult 二、任务型阅读 阅读下文并回答问题。 Shi Guangyin is a farmer and eco-warrior (生态战士) from Dingbian, Shaanxi Province, China. Born in 1952, he grew up in a small town near the desert, where sandstorms often destroyed crops, houses, and even people’s lives. The local weather condition is terrible, and so is life for the locals. Growing up in such an environment, Shi knows how much pain and harm the sand can cause. As a child, Shi experienced the pain of losing his home because of sandstorms. At the age of 8, he lost his best friend in a sandstorm, which made him decide to fight against desertification (沙漠化). Fighting against the desert is not an easy job. In 1968, Shi started leading local people to plant trees in the desert. After years of hard work, he succeeded in finding ways to grow trees in the sand. In 1984, he sold 84 sheep and borrowed money to plant trees on 200 hectares (公顷) of land. Although he had many difficulties, including failures in the harsh (艰苦) area of Langwosha, Shi never stopped fighting. In 1988, he finally succeeded in greening Langwosha by using new planting technology. Shi was old. His son, Shi Zhanjun, continued planting trees but sadly died in a car accident while transporting trees. Shi’s grandson, Shi Jianyang, then took up the responsibility. Together, they have turned 23,334 hectares of desert into green land. Shi believes that fighting against desertification is his lifelong duty. He says, “I shall not stop planting trees until my last breath.” His story shows how one person’s will can make a big difference in protecting nature and living in harmony (和谐) with the environment. 11．Was it easy for Shi Guangyin to fight against desertification? 12．Who continued Shi Guangyin’s work after his son’s death? 13．How did Shi Guangyin green the desert? 14．What do you want to say to Shi Guangyin after reading his story? (about 30 words) 三、概要补全 根据阅读语篇和情景任务，在空格处填上适当的短语或句子，请尽量用自己的语言表达。 For many years, people thought the brain stopped changing after you became a teenager or a young adult. They believed it would just get weaker as you get older. But now scientists know the brain can keep changing a lot even when you’re old. This amazing power is called neuroplasticity (大脑可塑性). It means your brain can make new connections and fix old ones all through life. When a baby is born, the brain has almost all the small cells (细胞) it will ever need. And at around 15 months old, a baby’s brain has the most connections. As a baby grows, the brain keeps the connections that are often used and cuts the ones that aren’t used. This makes brain work faster. An adult’s brain keeps changing. A part of it called the hippocampus (海马体), plays an important role. It keeps making new cells and building better connections, even when people are older. This helps to learn and remember. That’s why adults can still learn new things. Because of the brain’s amazing power, practice is very important. It makes the brain stronger in areas you use often. If you don’t practice a skill, the brain thinks you don’t need it anymore and weakens it. But the more you practice, the better skills you will have. For example, practicing piano makes your brain better at music, but stopping practice makes you forget. This idea challenges all the thoughts about the brain, giving hope for getting better. It means you’re never too old to learn because your amazing brain is ready. Reading report Today, I read a passage about neuroplasticity. Long ago, people thought the brain stopped growing after kids became adults. But now we know it can change all life long! That’s called neuroplasticity. It means the brain can 15 and fix old ones all through life. When a baby is born, it has almost all its brain cells. At about 15 months old, connections are the most. The brain keeps used connections and cuts unused ones. An adult’s brain keeps changing, mainly 16 the hippocampus. It keeps making and building better connections. This is helpful for learning and remembering. Practice is important because it makes the brain stronger. If you stop practicing, your skill will weaken. But 17 , the better your skill will be! The brain can grow forever! That’s amazing! I decided that 18 . 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $