内容正文:
Unit 4 Rules make for a better life
单词
mobile /'məʊbaɪl/ adj. 移动式的
entrance /'entrəns/ n. 入口;进入
likely /'laɪkli/ adj. 很可能的;似乎合适的
adv. 很可能
record /rɪ'kɔ:d/ v. 录制;记录;记载
/'rekɔ:d/ n. 记录;唱片
copyright /'kɒpiraɪt/ n. 版权;著作权
law /lɔ:/ n. 法律;法规;法学
download /ˌdaʊn'ləʊd/ v. 下载
public /'pʌblɪk/ adj. 公共的;公众的
silence /'saɪləns/ n. 沉默;寂静
golden /'gəʊldən/ adj. 珍贵的;金的
footprint /'fʊtprɪnt/ n. 脚印;足迹
promote /prə'məʊt/ v. 促进;提升;促销
rule /ru:l/ n. 规则;规章;统治
common /'kɒmən/ adj. 共同的;普通的
citizen /'sɪtɪzn/ n. 公民;市民
regulate /'regjuleɪt/ v. 约束;调节;控制
pedestrian /pə'destriən/ n. 行人;步行者
cyclist /'saɪklɪst/ n. 骑自行车的人
therefore /'ðeəfɔ:(r)/ adv. 因此;所以
signal /'sɪgnəl/ n. 标志;指示灯;信号
lane /leɪn/ n. 车道;小路
passenger /'pæsɪndʒə(r)/ n. 乘客;旅客
seat /si:t/ n. 座位;席位
belt /belt/ n.带;腰带
zebra /'zebrə/ n.斑马
crossing /krɒsɪŋ / n.人行横道
cross /krɒs/ v.横过;越过
according to /ə'kɔ:dɪŋ tu:/ prep.根据
hallway /'hɔ:lwei/ n.走廊;过道
test /test/ n.&v.测试;检验
recognise /'rekəgnaɪz/ v.接受;认识;认出
disrespectful /ˌdɪsrɪ'spektfl/ adj.无礼的;不尊敬的
western /'westən/ adj.西方的;西部的
distance /'dɪstəns/ n.距离;间隔;远方
rude /ru:d/ adj.无礼的;粗鲁的
depend /dɪ'pend/ v.取决于;依靠
shake /ʃeɪk/ v.摇;摇动
hide /haɪd/ v.隐藏;躲藏
hood /hʊd/ n.兜帽;折叠式车篷
boundary /'baʊndri/ n.界限;分界线
warn /wɔ:n/ v.警告;提醒
nod /nɒd/ v.点头;打盹
society /sə'saɪəti/ n.社会;社团
ever /'evə(r)/ adv.从来;曾经;始终
false /fɔ:ls/ adj.假的;错误的
negative /'negətɪv/ adj.有害的;消极的
litter /'lɪtə(r)/ v.乱扔;使乱七八糟
n.垃圾;乱放的杂物
mess /mes/ n.肮脏;杂乱;混乱
strange /strendʒ/ adj.奇怪的;陌生的
within /wi'ðɪn/ prep.在······之内
airport /'eəpɔ:t/ n.机场;航空站
board /bɔ:d/ v.上船(或火车、飞机等)
n.板;木板
either /'aɪðə(r)/ adv.也(用于否定词组后)
det.&pron.(两者中的)任何一个
punish /'pʌnɪʃ/ v.处罚;惩罚
pack /pæk/ v.备有;收拾(行李);装(箱)
n.大背包;一捆;一包
suitable /'su:təbl/ adj.合适的;适当的
spoken /'spəʊkən/ adj.口头的;口语的
somewhere /'sʌmweə(r)/ adv.在某处
yell /jel/ v.大叫;叫喊
n.喊声;喊叫
短语
1.在.....的入口 at the entrance of
2.有道理;说得通 make sense
3公共场所 public places
4.起重要作用 play an important role
5.遵守规则 follow the rules
6. 交通法规 traffic laws
7.注意 pay attention to
8.换道 change lanes
9.转弯 make a turn
10.系好安全带 wear a seat belt
11.万一,若发生某事 in case of
12.斑马线 zebra crossings
13.过马路 cross the street
14.根据 according to
15.在......的指导下 under the guidance of
16.在走廊里 in the hallway
17.考试作弊 cheat on tests
18.发现,查明 find out
19.西方国家 western countries
19.取决于;依靠 depend on
20.认为......是理所当然 take...for granted
21.走过去 walk over
22.摇头 shake one's head
23.移开视线 look away
24.立规矩 set a boundary
25.给某人一个拥抱 give sb. a hug
26.转向某人;求助某人 turn to sb.
27.提出(计划、建议等);推荐;将....提前
put forward
28.开始从事;占用 take up
句型
1.Well, it's likely to prevent people from taking pictures or recording the movies. 嗯,这可能是为了防止人们给电影拍照或录像。
2.That's also why you can't download some movies online! 这也是你不能在网上下载某些电影的原因!
3.And on the road, you are required to follow traffic rules. That keeps you and others safe. 在路上,你必须遵守交通规则。这能保障你和他人的安全。
4.Be careful where you enjoy a relaxing lunch or drink in Italy.在意大利享受悠闲午餐或饮品时,需留意去处。
5.Are you allowed to cheat on tests?你可以考试作弊吗?
6.Jenny shakes her head and looks away,hiding her hair under her hood?詹妮摇摇头,移开视线,把头发藏在帽子里面。
7.Danny,your friend is setting a boundary.You need to respect it.丹尼,你的朋友在设定一个界限。你需要尊重它。
语法
1.一般现在时的被动语态
一、知识点清单
知识点1:Why do they have this sign at the entrance of the cinema?他们为什么在电影院门口放这样的标识?(教材P44 )
entrance /'entrəns/ n.入口;进入
at the entrance of在······的入口
Let's meet at the entrance of the park.我们在公园的入口处见面吧。
拓展 enter[动词]进入;考上(学校)
He had to enter the house through the open window because his keys were lost.由于钥匙丢了,他不得不从开着的窗户进入屋内。(2025天津中考)
Wang Lei is looking forward to entering the best high school in September.王磊期待着在九月考上最好的高中。知识点2: Well, it's likely to prevent people from taking pictures or recording the movies.嗯,这可能是为了防止人们给电影拍照或录像。(教材P44 )
likely /'laɪkli/ adj.很可能的;似乎合适的 adv.很可能
①[形容词]很可能的
be likely to do sth.可能做某事
It is likely that…可能⋯⋯
It is likely to rain。可能要下雨了。
It's pretty likely that robots and Al technology will change a lot of industries。机器人和人工智能技术很可能会改变许多行业。(2025眉山中考)
②[形容词]似乎合适的
She seems the most likely person for the job. 这项工作,她似乎是最适宜的人选了。
③[副词]很可能
As likely as not she's forgotten all about it。她很可能把这事忘得一干二净了。
知识点3:Ah, that makes sense.啊,有道理。(教材P44 )
make sense有道理;说得通
sense前还可加 no、good等修饰词。
make no sense毫无意义
make good sense很有道理;很明智
I don't think your sentence makes sense. 我认为你这个句子讲不通。
What he said seems to make sense. 他说的似乎有道理。
There are strict medicals for pilots, which makes good sense. 飞行员要接受严格的体检,这是很有道理的。
知识点4:Silence is golden.沉默是金。(教材P44 )
silence /'sɪləns/ n. 沉默;寂静
[不可数名词] in silence安静地;沉默地
They enjoyed the silence and the smell of the forest. 他们十分喜欢森林的寂静和气息。
Ben watches Tom in silence. 本默不作声地看着汤姆。
keep/ remain silent保持沉默
silence n.沉默;寂静 silent adj.安静的;无声的 silently adv.默默地;无声地
语境串记
In the library, all the students are sitting silently,reading books in silence, because they know that they must keep silent in the library. 在图书馆里,所有的学生都安静地坐着,默默地看书,因为他们知道必须在图书馆里保持安静。
词缀学习 有些以t结尾的形容词变t为ce构成同根名词:
important(重要的)→importance(重要性)
confident(有信心的)→confidence(信心)
intelligent(有才智的)→intelligence(智力)
different(不同的)→difference(差异)
知识点5:It reminds us to be quiet.它提醒我们要保持安静。 (教材P44)
remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事
World Animal Day reminds us to be thankful to animals.世界动物日提醒我们要感谢动物。
拓展remind[动词]提醒;使想起
remind sb. about... 提醒某人⋯⋯
remind sb. of... 使某人想起⋯⋯
remind sb. +从句 提醒某人⋯⋯
——Don't forget the camera.别忘了带相机。
——Remind me about it nearer the time.到时候再提醒我一下。
The pictures always remind me of my home far away.这些照片总是令我想起我遥远的家乡。(宜宾中考)
知识点6:Traffic laws are used to regulate the behaviour of drivers, pedestrians, and cyclists.交通法规用于约束驾驶员、行人及骑行者的行为。 (教材P46)
be used to do sth. 被用于做某事
辨析 be used to do sth./for doing sth., get/be used to (doing) sth. 与 used to do sth.
结构
中文
用法 / 关键词
例句
be used to do sth.be used for doing sth.
被用来做某事
被动语态表用途
Wood is used to make paper.Wood is used for making paper.
get / be used to (doing) sth.
习惯于(做)某事
to 是介词后接名词 / 动名词
I am used to getting up early.He got used to the life here.
used to do sth.
过去常常做某事(现在不做了)
过去习惯性动作后接动词原形
I used to play basketball.She used to be shy.
知识点7:Every driver and passenger in the car must wear a seat belt.车内每位驾驶员和乘客都必须系好安全带。 (教材P46)
seat /siːt/ n. 座位;席位
[可数名词]常用短语有:
take/have a seat坐下
take one' s seat 就座
book a seat订座
Excuse me, could I take this seat? 打扰了,我可以坐这个座位吗?
Dinner is ready. Please take your seats. 晚饭准备好了。请入座吧。
I want to book a seat next to the window.我想订一个靠窗的座位。
单词
词性
核心含义
关键用法 & 考点
例句
seat
n. 名词
座位
表示 “座位” 这个东西
Please take a seat. = 请坐。
vt. 及物动词
使… 就座;容纳
1. 后面必须加人
2. 表 “能坐多少人”
1. He seated himself.(他坐下了)
2. The hall seats 500 people.(大厅可坐 500 人)
sit
vi. 不及物动词
坐
1. 后面不能直接加人2. 常用:sit down
1. Please sit down. = 请坐。2. She is sitting under the tree.(她正坐在树下)
巧学妙记
sit = 自己坐(不及物,不加宾语)
seat = 让人坐 / 座位(及物,要加人,或表示容纳)
语境串烧
The hall of the restaurant seats 300 people. The waitress seated the guests at the table and they sat down in their seats.这家饭店的大厅能坐300人。女服务员安排客人们在桌旁就座,他们都坐在了座位上。
知识点8:Spoken rules are said or written somewhere.明文规定是通过口头或以书面形式明确规定的规则。 (教材P48)
somewhere/'sʌmweə(r)/ adv. 在某处
辨析somewhere, anywhere, everywhere与nowhere
单词
中文意思
常用句式
关键用法 & 例句
somewhere
在某处;到某处
肯定句希望得到肯定回答的疑问句
I want to go somewhere quiet.Would you like to go somewhere interesting?
anywhere
在任何地方
否定句一般疑问句
I can’t find it anywhere.Did you go anywhere yesterday?
everywhere
到处;处处
肯定 / 否定 / 疑问都可用
I looked for it everywhere.Everywhere is full of people.
nowhere
无处;哪里都不
本身含否定
There is nowhere to hide.He has nowhere to go.
拓展
形容词 / 动词不定式修饰它们时,要后置:
somewhere quiet anywhere interesting nowhere to go somewhere to sit
语境串烧
I didn't go anywhere during my last holiday. I'm thinking about going somewhere nice after this exam.Life is full of beauty everywhere and we should enjoy it. However, because of the typhoon, we have nowhere to go at present.我上一个假期没有去任何地方。我在考虑在这次考试后去一个好地方。生活处处都充满了美,我们应该享受它。然而,因为台风,我们目前无处可去。
知识点9: Are you allowed to run around and yell in the hallways?你可以在走廊里跑来跑去、大喊大叫吗?(教材P48)
Yell /jel/ v.大叫;叫喊 n.喊声;喊叫
①[动词]大叫;叫喊
yell at sb.冲某人大叫
yell at sb. to do sth.喊着让某人做某事
She yelled at the child to get down from the wall.她喊着让小孩从墙上下来。
②[名词]喊声;喊叫
She let out a yell when she saw me.她见到我时大叫了一声。
知识点10: Are you allowed to cheat on tests?你可以考试作弊吗?(教材P48)
test /test/ n.& v.测试;检验
①[动词]测试;检验
He spent over a year in researching and testing.他花了一年多的时间进行研究和测试。(2025重庆中考)
②[名词]测试;检验
cheat on tests考试作弊
have a test考试,测验
pass/fail a test考试及格/不及格
We will have a history test next week.下周我们有历史测验。
二、语法点清单
一般现在时的被动语态
1.被动语态的构成
动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。其人称、数和时态的变化都体现在助动词be上。一般现在时的被动语态的谓语形式为“am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词”。
This jacket is made of cotton.这件夹克衫是棉制的。
Many trees are planted by us every year.我们每年种许多树。
2.一般现在时的被动语态的句式结构:
句型
结构公式
肯定句
主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 (+by…)
否定句
主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词 (+by…)
一般疑问句
Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词 (+by…)?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 过去分词 (+by…)?
English is spoken by many people。许多人说英语。
They aren't allowed to go into the house。不许他们进入这所房子。
Is the car made by a German company?这辆汽车是由一家德国公司制造的吗?
What is this kind of sweater made of?这种毛衣是由什么制成的?
3. 使用被动语态的情况:
①当动作的执行者不必或不易说出时,用被动语态。
The flowers are watered every morning。每天早上给这些花浇水。
②需要突出动作的承受者时,用被动语态。动作的执行者由by引出且置于谓语动词之后,也可省略。
The new teacher is liked by all the students。新老师被所有学生喜爱。
③表示"据说/据报道/人们相信"等时,常用"Itis+过去分词+ that从句"句型。
It is reported that a rainstorm is coming。据报道,一场暴风雨就要来了。 It is believed that our country will become better and better。大家相信我们的国家会变得越来越好。
④文章的标题,广告,新闻等用语也常使用被动语态。 Teachers Wanted 招聘老师(省略了Are)
4. 不能使用被动语态的情况
用法
例句
open, lock, write, read,sell, clean, wash, cut,burn, drive 等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,可用主动语态表示被动意义。
This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。
These novels didn’t sell well. 这些小说不畅销。
look, sound, taste, feel,smell 等感官动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
School uniforms look good on us. 我们穿着校服很好看。
be worth doing 中,doing 表示被动意义。
This film is worth seeing.这部电影值得一看。
“want/ need/ require +doing” 相 当 于“want/need/ require +to bedone”。to be done 是不定式的被动结构。
My bike needs repairing. =My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行车需要修理。
5. 主主动语态转化为被动语态的步骤如下:
①确定主动句的主语,谓语和宾语。
②把主动句里的宾语变为被动句里的主语,若主动句里的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变为主格。
③把谓语变成被动结构"be+动词的过去分词",但时态不能改变。
④把主动句中的主语放在介词by后作宾语,若主语是人称代词,应把主格变为宾格。动语态和被动语态的转化
主动语态 I cleaned my room.
主语 谓语 宾语
被动语态 My room was cleaned by me.
主语 谓语 by+宾语
巧学妙记
主动语态变为被动语态宾语提前变主语,时态人称be体现。过去分词勿变错,原主变宾by后见。
三、写作清单
规则
1. 话题分析
本单元以"规则"为话题,主要围绕公共场所的规则以及规则的重要性来展开。
2. 写作内容
与规则相关的文章。
3. 写作要点
①. What are the rules?
②. Why should we follow the rules?
③.What do you think of the rules?
4. 写作思路提示
①:介绍社会规则、家规、校规、班规等;
②:讲述一个有关遵守规则的故事;
③:就规则发表评论或建议。
5. 写作步骤详解
①题材:记叙文;
②时态:以一般现在时为主;
③人称:多用第一人称和第三人称
④提示:应注意题干给出的要点并适当补充,使文章内容充实。
6. 通用表达
开头点题
Rules are very important in our life.规则在我们生活中非常重要。
It’s important for us to follow the rules.遵守规则对我们来说很重要。
为什么要遵守规则
Rules can help us keep safe.规则能帮助我们保证安全。
Rules can help us keep good order.规则能帮助我们保持良好秩序。
If everyone follows the rules, our world will be better.如果每个人都遵守规则,我们的世界会更美好。
不遵守规则的后果
If we break the rules, we may get into trouble.如果我们违反规则,我们可能会陷入麻烦。
Breaking the rules is bad for us.违反规则对我们不好。
我们应该怎么做
We should follow the rules at school.我们在学校应该遵守规则。
We must obey the rules in public.我们在公共场合必须遵守规则。
It’s our duty to follow the rules.遵守规则是我们的责任。
结尾升华
Let’s follow the rules and make our life better.让我们遵守规则,让生活更美好。
Rules make us better. Let’s obey them.规则让我们更优秀,让我们遵守它们。
7. 范例作文
Follow the rules
Rules are very important in our life. It’s important for us to follow the rules.
There are many rules around us. At school, we should listen to the teachers carefully. We can’t run in the hallways. In public, we must wait in line and keep quiet.
If everyone follows the rules, we can keep safe and keep good order. Rules can help us grow up well. If we break the rules, we may make mistakes and get into trouble.
It’s our duty to obey the rules. Let’s follow the rules and make our life better.
译文:
规则在我们的生活中非常重要。遵守规则对我们来说很重要。
我们身边有很多规则。在学校里,我们应该认真听老师讲课。我们不能在走廊里奔跑。在公共场合,我们必须排队并保持安静。
如果每个人都遵守规则,我们就能保证安全,维持良好的秩序。规则能帮助我们健康成长。如果我们违反规则,可能会犯错误,陷入麻烦。
遵守规则是我们的责任。让我们遵守规则,让生活变得更美好。
8. 实战演练
假设你是Jenny,这周末你们学校组织学生们去动物园参观,但是大家都不太清楚动物园的规则。请根据以下提示,以“Rules in the Zoo”为题用英文写一篇短文,让同学们了解动物园的规章制度。
Dos
Don’ts
●You can take photos of the animals without flash.
●You can watch the animals closely but not too close.
●You can’t talk loudly in the zoo.
●You can’t touch the animals.
●You can’t feed the animals.
注意:
1. 至少包含提示中提到的三项,适当发挥;
2. 词数80词左右,标题和开头已给出,不计入总词数。
Rules in the Zoo
Hello, everyone! I’m Jenny. This weekend, we will take a trip to the zoo. So today I want to introduce some rules in the zoo to you. It’s necessary for us to know them before the trip.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
例文
Rules in the Zoo
Hello, everyone! I’m Jenny. This weekend, we will take a trip to the zoo. So today I want to introduce some rules in the zoo to you. It’s necessary for us to know them before the trip.
First, you can take photos of the animals, but remember not to use flash. Second, you can watch them closely, but don’t get too close. Third, please don’t talk loudly because it may scare the animals. Also, you mustn’t touch or feed the animals, both for your own safety and for their health.
If we all follow the rules, we can have a safe and happy trip. Let’s be responsible visitors!
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材:本文是一篇应用文,为材料作文;
②时态:时态主要为“一般现在时”;
③提示:根据表格中的“Dos”和“Don’ts”列出至少三项规则,并适当补充说明或呼吁。
[写作步骤]
第一步,介绍自己,说明要去动物园,并引出动物园规则;
第二步,具体介绍动物园的四条规则;
第三步,呼吁大家遵守规则,文明游玩。
[亮点词汇]
①remember记住
②safety安全
③visitors参观者
[高分句型]
①It’s necessary for us to know them before the trip. (It作形式主语、动词不定式作真正的主语)
②If we all follow the rules, we can have a safe and happy trip. (if引导的条件状语从句)
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Unit 4 Rules make for a better life
单词
________ /'məʊbaɪl/ adj. 移动式的
________ /'entrəns/ n. 入口;进入
________/'laɪkli/ adj. 很可能的;似乎合适的
adv. 很可能
________/rɪ'kɔ:d/ v. 录制;记录;记载
/'rekɔ:d/ n. 记录;唱片
________/'kɒpiraɪt/ n. 版权;著作权
________/lɔ:/ n. 法律;法规;法学
________/ˌdaʊn'ləʊd/ v. 下载
________/'pʌblɪk/ adj. 公共的;公众的
________/'saɪləns/ n. 沉默;寂静
________/'gəʊldən/ adj. 珍贵的;金的
________/'fʊtprɪnt/ n. 脚印;足迹
________/prə'məʊt/ v. 促进;提升;促销
________/ru:l/ n. 规则;规章;统治
________/'kɒmən/ adj. 共同的;普通的
________/'sɪtɪzn/ n. 公民;市民
________/'regjuleɪt/ v. 约束;调节;控制
________/pə'destriən/ n. 行人;步行者
________/'saɪklɪst/ n. 骑自行车的人
________/'ðeəfɔ:(r)/ adv. 因此;所以
________/'sɪgnəl/ n. 标志;指示灯;信号
________/leɪn/ n. 车道;小路
________/'pæsɪndʒə(r)/ n. 乘客;旅客
________/si:t/ n. 座位;席位
________/belt/ n.带;腰带
________ /'zebrə/ n.斑马
________/krɒsɪŋ / n.人行横道
________/krɒs/ v.横过;越过
________/ə'kɔ:dɪŋ tu:/ prep.根据
________/'hɔ:lwei/ n.走廊;过道
________/test/ n.&v.测试;检验
________/'rekəgnaɪz/ v.接受;认识;认出
________/ˌdɪsrɪ'spektfl/ adj.无礼的;不尊敬的
________/'westən/ adj.西方的;西部的
________/'dɪstəns/ n.距离;间隔;远方
________/ru:d/ adj.无礼的;粗鲁的
________/dɪ'pend/ v.取决于;依靠
________/ʃeɪk/ v.摇;摇动
________/haɪd/ v.隐藏;躲藏
________/hʊd/ n.兜帽;折叠式车篷
________/'baʊndri/ n.界限;分界线
________/wɔ:n/ v.警告;提醒
________/nɒd/ v.点头;打盹
________/sə'saɪəti/ n.社会;社团
________/'evə(r)/ adv.从来;曾经;始终
________/fɔ:ls/ adj.假的;错误的
________/'negətɪv/ adj.有害的;消极的
________/'lɪtə(r)/ v.乱扔;使乱七八糟
n.垃圾;乱放的杂物
________/mes/ n.肮脏;杂乱;混乱
________/strendʒ/ adj.奇怪的;陌生的
________/wi'ðɪn/ prep.在······之内
________/'eəpɔ:t/ n.机场;航空站
________/bɔ:d/ v.上船(或火车、飞机等)
n.板;木板
________/'aɪðə(r)/ adv.也(用于否定词组后)
det.&pron.(两者中的)任何一个
________/'pʌnɪʃ/ v.处罚;惩罚
________/pæk/ v.备有;收拾(行李);装(箱)
n.大背包;一捆;一包
________/'su:təbl/ adj.合适的;适当的
________/'spəʊkən/ adj.口头的;口语的
________/'sʌmweə(r)/ adv.在某处
________/jel/ v.大叫;叫喊
n.喊声;喊叫
短语
1.在.....的入口 ________
2.有道理;说得通 ________
3公共场所 ________
4.起重要作用 ________
5.遵守规则 ________
6. 交通法规 ________
7.注意 ________
8.换道 ________
9.转弯 ________
10.系好安全带 ________
11.万一,若发生某事________
12.斑马线 ________
13.过马路 ________
14.根据 ________
15.在......的指导下 ________
16.在走廊里 ________
17.考试作弊 ________
18.发现,查明 ________
19.西方国家 ________
19.取决于;依靠 ________
20.认为......是理所当然 ________
21.走过去 ________
22.摇头 ________
23.移开视线 ________
24.立规矩 ________
25.给某人一个拥抱 ________
26.转向某人;求助某人 ________
27.提出(计划、建议等);推荐;将....提前
________
28.开始从事;占用 ________
句型
1.Well, it________ ________ ________ people from taking pictures or recording the movies. 嗯,这可能是为了防止人们给电影拍照或录像。
2.________ ________ ________ you can't download some movies online! 这也是你不能在网上下载某些电影的原因!
3.And on the road, you ________ ________ ________ ________ traffic rules. That keeps you and others safe. 在路上,你必须遵守交通规则。这能保障你和他人的安全。
4.________ ________ where you enjoy a relaxing lunch or drink in Italy.在意大利享受悠闲午餐或饮品时,需留意去处。
5.________you ________ ________ ________ on tests?你可以考试作弊吗?
6.Jenny ________ her ________ and ________ ________,hiding her hair under her hood?詹妮摇摇头,移开视线,把头发藏在帽子里面。
7.Danny,your friend is ________ ________ ________.You need to respect it.丹尼,你的朋友在设定一个界限。你需要尊重它。
语法
1.一般现在时的被动语态
一、知识点清单
知识点1:Why do they have this sign at the entrance of the cinema?他们为什么在电影院门口放这样的标识?(教材P44 )
entrance /'entrəns/ n.入口;进入
at the entrance of在······的入口
Let's meet at the entrance of the park.我们在公园的入口处见面吧。
拓展 enter[动词]进入;考上(学校)
He had to enter the house through the open window because his keys were lost.由于钥匙丢了,他不得不从开着的窗户进入屋内。(2025天津中考)
Wang Lei is looking forward to entering the best high school in September.王磊期待着在九月考上最好的高中。知识点2: Well, it's likely to prevent people from taking pictures or recording the movies.嗯,这可能是为了防止人们给电影拍照或录像。(教材P44 )
likely /'laɪkli/ adj.很可能的;似乎合适的 adv.很可能
①[形容词]很可能的
be likely to do sth.可能做某事
It is likely that…可能⋯⋯
It is likely to rain。可能要下雨了。
It's pretty likely that robots and Al technology will change a lot of industries。机器人和人工智能技术很可能会改变许多行业。(2025眉山中考)
②[形容词]似乎合适的
She seems the most likely person for the job. 这项工作,她似乎是最适宜的人选了。
③[副词]很可能
As likely as not she's forgotten all about it。她很可能把这事忘得一干二净了。
知识点3:Ah, that makes sense.啊,有道理。(教材P44 )
make sense有道理;说得通
sense前还可加 no、good等修饰词。
make no sense毫无意义
make good sense很有道理;很明智
I don't think your sentence makes sense. 我认为你这个句子讲不通。
What he said seems to make sense. 他说的似乎有道理。
There are strict medicals for pilots, which makes good sense. 飞行员要接受严格的体检,这是很有道理的。
知识点4:Silence is golden.沉默是金。(教材P44 )
silence /'sɪləns/ n. 沉默;寂静
[不可数名词] in silence安静地;沉默地
They enjoyed the silence and the smell of the forest. 他们十分喜欢森林的寂静和气息。
Ben watches Tom in silence. 本默不作声地看着汤姆。
keep/ remain silent保持沉默
silence n.沉默;寂静 silent adj.安静的;无声的 silently adv.默默地;无声地
语境串记
In the library, all the students are sitting silently,reading books in silence, because they know that they must keep silent in the library. 在图书馆里,所有的学生都安静地坐着,默默地看书,因为他们知道必须在图书馆里保持安静。
词缀学习 有些以t结尾的形容词变t为ce构成同根名词:
important(重要的)→importance(重要性)
confident(有信心的)→confidence(信心)
intelligent(有才智的)→intelligence(智力)
different(不同的)→difference(差异)
知识点5:It reminds us to be quiet.它提醒我们要保持安静。 (教材P44)
remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事
World Animal Day reminds us to be thankful to animals.世界动物日提醒我们要感谢动物。
拓展remind[动词]提醒;使想起
remind sb. about... 提醒某人⋯⋯
remind sb. of... 使某人想起⋯⋯
remind sb. +从句 提醒某人⋯⋯
——Don't forget the camera.别忘了带相机。
——Remind me about it nearer the time.到时候再提醒我一下。
The pictures always remind me of my home far away.这些照片总是令我想起我遥远的家乡。(宜宾中考)
知识点6:Traffic laws are used to regulate the behaviour of drivers, pedestrians, and cyclists.交通法规用于约束驾驶员、行人及骑行者的行为。 (教材P46)
be used to do sth. 被用于做某事
辨析 be used to do sth./for doing sth., get/be used to (doing) sth. 与 used to do sth.
结构
中文
用法 / 关键词
例句
be used to do sth.be used for doing sth.
被用来做某事
被动语态表用途
Wood is used to make paper.Wood is used for making paper.
get / be used to (doing) sth.
习惯于(做)某事
to 是介词后接名词 / 动名词
I am used to getting up early.He got used to the life here.
used to do sth.
过去常常做某事(现在不做了)
过去习惯性动作后接动词原形
I used to play basketball.She used to be shy.
知识点7:Every driver and passenger in the car must wear a seat belt.车内每位驾驶员和乘客都必须系好安全带。 (教材P46)
seat /siːt/ n. 座位;席位
[可数名词]常用短语有:
take/have a seat坐下
take one' s seat 就座
book a seat订座
Excuse me, could I take this seat? 打扰了,我可以坐这个座位吗?
Dinner is ready. Please take your seats. 晚饭准备好了。请入座吧。
I want to book a seat next to the window.我想订一个靠窗的座位。
单词
词性
核心含义
关键用法 & 考点
例句
seat
n. 名词
座位
表示 “座位” 这个东西
Please take a seat. = 请坐。
vt. 及物动词
使… 就座;容纳
1. 后面必须加人
2. 表 “能坐多少人”
1. He seated himself.(他坐下了)
2. The hall seats 500 people.(大厅可坐 500 人)
sit
vi. 不及物动词
坐
1. 后面不能直接加人2. 常用:sit down
1. Please sit down. = 请坐。2. She is sitting under the tree.(她正坐在树下)
巧学妙记
sit = 自己坐(不及物,不加宾语)
seat = 让人坐 / 座位(及物,要加人,或表示容纳)
语境串烧
The hall of the restaurant seats 300 people. The waitress seated the guests at the table and they sat down in their seats.这家饭店的大厅能坐300人。女服务员安排客人们在桌旁就座,他们都坐在了座位上。
知识点8:Spoken rules are said or written somewhere.明文规定是通过口头或以书面形式明确规定的规则。 (教材P48)
somewhere/'sʌmweə(r)/ adv. 在某处
辨析somewhere, anywhere, everywhere与nowhere
单词
中文意思
常用句式
关键用法 & 例句
somewhere
在某处;到某处
肯定句希望得到肯定回答的疑问句
I want to go somewhere quiet.Would you like to go somewhere interesting?
anywhere
在任何地方
否定句一般疑问句
I can’t find it anywhere.Did you go anywhere yesterday?
everywhere
到处;处处
肯定 / 否定 / 疑问都可用
I looked for it everywhere.Everywhere is full of people.
nowhere
无处;哪里都不
本身含否定
There is nowhere to hide.He has nowhere to go.
拓展
形容词 / 动词不定式修饰它们时,要后置:
somewhere quiet anywhere interesting nowhere to go somewhere to sit
语境串烧
I didn't go anywhere during my last holiday. I'm thinking about going somewhere nice after this exam.Life is full of beauty everywhere and we should enjoy it. However, because of the typhoon, we have nowhere to go at present.我上一个假期没有去任何地方。我在考虑在这次考试后去一个好地方。生活处处都充满了美,我们应该享受它。然而,因为台风,我们目前无处可去。
知识点9: Are you allowed to run around and yell in the hallways?你可以在走廊里跑来跑去、大喊大叫吗?(教材P48)
Yell /jel/ v.大叫;叫喊 n.喊声;喊叫
①[动词]大叫;叫喊
yell at sb.冲某人大叫
yell at sb. to do sth.喊着让某人做某事
She yelled at the child to get down from the wall.她喊着让小孩从墙上下来。
②[名词]喊声;喊叫
She let out a yell when she saw me.她见到我时大叫了一声。
知识点10: Are you allowed to cheat on tests?你可以考试作弊吗?(教材P48)
test /test/ n.& v.测试;检验
①[动词]测试;检验
He spent over a year in researching and testing.他花了一年多的时间进行研究和测试。(2025重庆中考)
②[名词]测试;检验
cheat on tests考试作弊
have a test考试,测验
pass/fail a test考试及格/不及格
We will have a history test next week.下周我们有历史测验。
二、语法点清单
一般现在时的被动语态
1.被动语态的构成
动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。其人称、数和时态的变化都体现在助动词be上。一般现在时的被动语态的谓语形式为“am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词”。
This jacket is made of cotton.这件夹克衫是棉制的。
Many trees are planted by us every year.我们每年种许多树。
2.一般现在时的被动语态的句式结构:
句型
结构公式
肯定句
主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 (+by…)
否定句
主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词 (+by…)
一般疑问句
Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词 (+by…)?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 过去分词 (+by…)?
English is spoken by many people。许多人说英语。
They aren't allowed to go into the house。不许他们进入这所房子。
Is the car made by a German company?这辆汽车是由一家德国公司制造的吗?
What is this kind of sweater made of?这种毛衣是由什么制成的?
3. 使用被动语态的情况:
①当动作的执行者不必或不易说出时,用被动语态。
The flowers are watered every morning。每天早上给这些花浇水。
②需要突出动作的承受者时,用被动语态。动作的执行者由by引出且置于谓语动词之后,也可省略。
The new teacher is liked by all the students。新老师被所有学生喜爱。
③表示"据说/据报道/人们相信"等时,常用"Itis+过去分词+ that从句"句型。
It is reported that a rainstorm is coming。据报道,一场暴风雨就要来了。 It is believed that our country will become better and better。大家相信我们的国家会变得越来越好。
④文章的标题,广告,新闻等用语也常使用被动语态。 Teachers Wanted 招聘老师(省略了Are)
4. 不能使用被动语态的情况
用法
例句
open, lock, write, read,sell, clean, wash, cut,burn, drive 等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,可用主动语态表示被动意义。
This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。
These novels didn’t sell well. 这些小说不畅销。
look, sound, taste, feel,smell 等感官动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
School uniforms look good on us. 我们穿着校服很好看。
be worth doing 中,doing 表示被动意义。
This film is worth seeing.这部电影值得一看。
“want/ need/ require +doing” 相 当 于“want/need/ require +to bedone”。to be done 是不定式的被动结构。
My bike needs repairing. =My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行车需要修理。
5. 主动语态转化为被动语态的步骤如下:
①确定主动句的主语,谓语和宾语。
②把主动句里的宾语变为被动句里的主语,若主动句里的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变为主格。
③把谓语变成被动结构"be+动词的过去分词",但时态不能改变。
④把主动句中的主语放在介词by后作宾语,若主语是人称代词,应把主格变为宾格。动语态和被动语态的转化
主动语态 I cleaned my room.
主语 谓语 宾语
被动语态 My room was cleaned by me.
主语 谓语 by+宾语
巧学妙记
主动语态变为被动语态宾语提前变主语,时态人称be体现。过去分词勿变错,原主变宾by后见。
三、写作清单
规则
1. 话题分析
本单元以"规则"为话题,主要围绕公共场所的规则以及规则的重要性来展开。
2. 写作内容
与规则相关的文章。
3. 写作要点
①. What are the rules?
②. Why should we follow the rules?
③.What do you think of the rules?
4. 写作思路提示
①:介绍社会规则、家规、校规、班规等;
②:讲述一个有关遵守规则的故事;
③:就规则发表评论或建议。
5. 写作步骤详解
①题材:记叙文;
②时态:以一般现在时为主;
③人称:多用第一人称和第三人称
④提示:应注意题干给出的要点并适当补充,使文章内容充实。
6. 通用表达
开头点题
Rules are very important in our life.规则在我们生活中非常重要。
It’s important for us to follow the rules.遵守规则对我们来说很重要。
为什么要遵守规则
Rules can help us keep safe.规则能帮助我们保证安全。
Rules can help us keep good order.规则能帮助我们保持良好秩序。
If everyone follows the rules, our world will be better.如果每个人都遵守规则,我们的世界会更美好。
不遵守规则的后果
If we break the rules, we may get into trouble.如果我们违反规则,我们可能会陷入麻烦。
Breaking the rules is bad for us.违反规则对我们不好。
我们应该怎么做
We should follow the rules at school.我们在学校应该遵守规则。
We must obey the rules in public.我们在公共场合必须遵守规则。
It’s our duty to follow the rules.遵守规则是我们的责任。
结尾升华
Let’s follow the rules and make our life better.让我们遵守规则,让生活更美好。
Rules make us better. Let’s obey them.规则让我们更优秀,让我们遵守它们。
7. 范例作文
Follow the rules
Rules are very important in our life. It’s important for us to follow the rules.
There are many rules around us. At school, we should listen to the teachers carefully. We can’t run in the hallways. In public, we must wait in line and keep quiet.
If everyone follows the rules, we can keep safe and keep good order. Rules can help us grow up well. If we break the rules, we may make mistakes and get into trouble.
It’s our duty to obey the rules. Let’s follow the rules and make our life better.
译文:
规则在我们的生活中非常重要。遵守规则对我们来说很重要。
我们身边有很多规则。在学校里,我们应该认真听老师讲课。我们不能在走廊里奔跑。在公共场合,我们必须排队并保持安静。
如果每个人都遵守规则,我们就能保证安全,维持良好的秩序。规则能帮助我们健康成长。如果我们违反规则,可能会犯错误,陷入麻烦。
遵守规则是我们的责任。让我们遵守规则,让生活变得更美好。
8. 实战演练
假设你是Jenny,这周末你们学校组织学生们去动物园参观,但是大家都不太清楚动物园的规则。请根据以下提示,以“Rules in the Zoo”为题用英文写一篇短文,让同学们了解动物园的规章制度。
Dos
Don’ts
●You can take photos of the animals without flash.
●You can watch the animals closely but not too close.
●You can’t talk loudly in the zoo.
●You can’t touch the animals.
●You can’t feed the animals.
注意:
1. 至少包含提示中提到的三项,适当发挥;
2. 词数80词左右,标题和开头已给出,不计入总词数。
Rules in the Zoo
Hello, everyone! I’m Jenny. This weekend, we will take a trip to the zoo. So today I want to introduce some rules in the zoo to you. It’s necessary for us to know them before the trip.
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