专题03 阅读理解之说明文（题型专练）（山东专用）2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题03 阅读理解之说明文 内●容●导●航 第一部分 题型解码 高屋建瓴，掌握全局 题型概述 考向分类 技巧点拨 第二部分 考向突破 微观解剖，精细教学 考向01 细节理解题 考向02 主旨大意及最佳标题 考点03 推理判断题 考点04 猜测词义及指代关系题 考点05 篇章结构题 第三部分 题型训练 整合应用，模拟实战 题●型●解●码 题型概述 近两年山东中考英语阅读理解中，说明文是核心考查题型之一，占阅读总分约25-40%左右，题量1-2篇、6-10题，分值每题2分。文章以科普知识、生活常识、社会现象、文化介绍等为主，侧重考查细节定位、推理判断、主旨归纳、词义/代词猜测四大能力。文章篇幅 200-400词，题量5-10题，每题2分，分值占比高。 考向分类 说明文题目设置侧重信息提取与逻辑分析，主要题型包括： • 细节理解题：考查具体数据、特征、步骤等，占比40%-50% • 推理判断题：考查隐含逻辑、作者意图等，占比20%-25% • 主旨大意题：考查文章主题或段落大意，占比15%-20% • 词义猜测题：考查专业术语或关键词含义，占比10%-15% • 结构分析题：考查段落作用、说明顺序等，占比5%-10% 技巧点拨 细节理解题：精准定位三原则 ▶ 解题步骤 1. 圈画题干关键词：如数字（30%）、专有名词（5G）、动词（explain） 2. 定位原文段落：根据关键词快速锁定对应段落（如题干含“history”，扫描文中时间节点） 3. 对比选项与原文：注意同义替换（如“boost”=“improve”）和细节陷阱（如偷换概念、扩大范围） ▶ 典型陷阱 • 绝对化表述：原文“possibly”→选项“certainly”，原文“partly”→选项“completely” • 跨段信息混淆：将A段落的优点与B段落的缺点错误拼接 主旨大意题：总分结构速解法 ▶ 三步定位法 1. 首段首尾句：说明文常开篇点题，如“Climate change is one of the biggest challenges today.” 2. 段落首句串联：提取每段核心话题（如“定义→特点→应用”），归纳共同主题 3. 尾段总结句：结尾常重申主题或提出建议，如“Therefore, recycling is essential for sustainability.” ▶ 干扰项特征 • 以偏概全：用某一段的细节（如“某种植物的药用价值”）代替全文主题（“植物的多样性”） • 范围失当：主题是“青少年心理健康”，选项却为“全球健康问题” 示例： 文章围绕“智能家居的功能与优势”展开，主旨应为“The functions and benefits of smart home systems” 推理判断题：逻辑关联四角度 ▶ 常见推理方向 1. 因果推理：根据“原因→结果”推导，如“森林砍伐→水土流失加剧” 2. 目的推理：分析作者引用案例的意图（如“用数据说明问题严重性”） 3. 趋势推理：根据现状预测未来，如“人口老龄化→养老产业需求增加” 4. 态度推理：通过“significantly”“unfortunately”等副词判断情感倾向 ▶ 解题关键 • 答案必须基于文中明确逻辑线索，避免主观臆断 • 关注转折词（如“however”“in contrast”），其后常隐含真实观点 示例： 文中提到“Electric vehicles produce less pollution than gasoline cars”，可推断“作者支持新能源汽车推广” 词义猜测题：语境解码五线索 ▶ 猜词方法 1. 定义解释：信号词“be defined as”“mean”“refer to”，如“Biometrics refers to the use of physical characteristics for identification.” 2. 举例说明：信号词“for instance”“such as”，如“Appliances, like refrigerators and washing machines, consume electricity.” 3. 对比关系：信号词“while”“unlike”，如“Some prefer instant coffee, while others enjoy the fresh-brewed taste.” 4. 词根词缀：如“micro-”（微小）、“-graphy”（记录），“micrography”→显微摄影 5. 生活常识：结合背景知识，如“satellite”与“太空观测”相关，猜为“卫星” 结构分析题：把握说明顺序与段落作用 ▶ 常见说明顺序 1. 时间顺序：适用于历史发展、工艺步骤（如“造纸术的演变”），关键词：first, later, finally 2. 空间顺序：适用于场景布局、物体构造（如“博物馆的展厅分布”），关键词：above, below, opposite 3. 逻辑顺序： • 从现象到本质（如“解释极光成因”） • 从主到次（如“城市污染的主要原因”） • 从问题到解决（如“如何应对网络安全威胁”） ▶ 段落作用分析 • 首段：引出主题、交代背景、设置悬念 • 中间段：分点说明、举例论证、对比分析 • 尾段：总结全文、提出建议、展望未来 考●向●突●破 考向01 细节理解题 【2025·济南·中考】Because of this big challenge, the future of sustainable (可持续的) construction may lie with AI. AI is able to study building efficiency (效率) performance by grouping data to find the best chances for sustainable material usage. With a tool like AI, the future of sustainable construction could progress much faster than in the past. Besides, AI helps architects (建筑师) work with new tools and sustainable materials to create our better buildings and cities of the future. For example, construction 3D printing guided by AI can offer better choices for building materials to save money, and map out how construction materials could be recycled. 17. How can AI help architects? A．Produce sustainable steel. B．Draw maps of dream cities. C．Invent recyclable 3D printers. D．Choose sustainable materials. 【2025·东营·中考】A grassland is a biome (生物群落区) that is covered with grasses. Grass is everything to a grassland. Grass is food for animals. Grass can keep the grassland warm and wet. Grass stops the wind from blowing away the soil (土壤). 26. What plays the most important role in a grassland? A．The tree. B．The soil. C．The grass. D．The animal. 【2025·烟台·中考】From an early age, I began to like Chinese culture a lot. When there was a chance to study in Beijing as an exchange student, I took it at once. In my first 24 hours in Beijing, I felt very nervous. I didn’t see one foreigner. But on my first day of school, I was greeted by many foreign faces. The students came from all over the world. I would be in a class with Chelsea from Norway and Charlie from my motherland — the UK. 4. Why does Liu Lijie go to the restaurant in Beijing after the lunchtime rush? A．To have a reduced-price meal. B．To get back to make money. C．To deliver food for the restaurant. D．To sell mutton noodle soup. 考向02 主旨大意及最佳标题 【2025·济南·中考】AI can be used to speed up the future of sustainable construction to set standards for the industry, and make construction more efficient and affordable. Like any other computer, AI is a tool that is particularly good at studying data sets, but for the moment it still requires smart and ethical (有道德的) human beings to lead its work. All of that has to be done with respect for humans, so it’s really up to us to make it work. 20. What is the text mainly about? A．AI recycles construction wastes. B．AI may take the place of architects. C．AI helps sustainable construction. D．AI speeds sustainable development. 【2025·枣庄·中考】What’s the hottest social activity this spring? For many young people in China, it’s going foraging with friends. 16．What’s the best title for this passage? A．The Advantages of Going Foraging B．Different Ways of Going Foraging C．Rules to Follow while Going Foraging D．Eat Healthily by Going Foraging 【2025·潍坊·中考】 The robot is being tested in Shanghai. With the help of cameras and AI, the robot dog can see, listen and speak with blind people. It can help them during daily trips outside and be a “friend” at home. Blind people can also use a cane (手杖) to control the robot’s walking and running speed. The robot can even recognize the traffic lights—real guide dogs are unable to do that. 5. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．How the robot dog works. B．Where the robot dog can go. C．What the robot dog can do. D．When the robot dog comes out. 考向03 推理判断题 【2025·烟台·中考】 Presently, cold weather kills far more people in Europe than hot weather. But the study found that as temperatures continue to rise, deaths from cold weather will reduce over time. However, heat-related deaths are predicted to rise greatly. 12. What can we infer (推断) from the article? A．Temperatures in Europe are keeping on going up now. B．The whole of Europe will face the danger of hot weather. C．The study has researched enough actual climate activities. D．About 854 European cities are suffering from hot weather. 【2025·济南·中考】 AI can be used to speed up the future of sustainable construction to set standards for the industry, and make construction more efficient and affordable. Like any other computer, AI is a tool that is particularly good at studying data sets, but for the moment it still requires smart and ethical (有道德的) human beings to lead its work. All of that has to be done with respect for humans, so it’s really up to us to make it work. 19．What does the writer suggest in the last paragraph? A．It’s difficult to develop AI. B．Humans’ future depends on AI. C．It’s humans’ duty to guide AI. D．Humans and AI should work together. 【2025·潍坊·中考】 That record-breaking bird is an African grey parrot named Apollo, who lives in Florida. He can identify things like books, bugs and socks. He has become popular on TikTok, where he has about 3 million followers. And a TikTok video of Apollo asking questions in 2023 has been watched 66 million times. 13. What can Apollo do according to paragraph 2? A. Eat harmful bugs. B．Put on socks. C．Communicate with people. D．Sing for his followers. 考向04 猜测词义及指代关系题 【2025·济南·中考】 In a professional article, AI is praised as a tool for sustainable construction, “In recent years, AI has become a promising tool for construction. AI can examine a large number of data sets on weather conditions and help to make full use of building systems for energy efficiency, water protection and other goals.” 18．Which best explains the underlined word “promising” in paragraph 3? A．Facing challenges. B．Needing improving. C．Taking years to grow. D．Having a bright future. 【2025·枣庄·中考】 What’s the hottest social activity this spring? For many young people in China, it’s going foraging with friends. Going foraging is like a treasure hunt. It is a simple activity with a lot of fun! It does not need expensive tools. With just a pair of scissors, a basket and some bags, you can have fun in nature. You look around in places like forest and lakes to find different kinds of plants that you can eat. 14. What does the underlined part “going foraging” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Searching for wild vegetables and digging them. B．Looking for lakes and forest and protecting them. C．Hunting for treasures in the wild and keeping them. D．Enjoying yourself in nature and having a rest. 【2025·烟台·中考】 On the other hand, much of Scandinavia and Britain are predicted to see fewer cold-related deaths, largely because low temperatures are expected to be moderate. 14. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “moderate”? A．Freezing. B．Heated. C．Changeable. D．Comfortable. 考向05 篇章结构体 【2025·临沂·中考】 The Taklimakan Desert is the largest desert in China. It is about 337,600 square kilometers in the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang. The dry environment makes it difficult for life there. Sandstorms often happen, and the moving sand seriously influences the lives of local people and the natural environment in this area. However, the Chinese government and people have been making much effort to control the desert. Here are some of scientific and effective ways they have used. One of the main ways is to build a tree belt (带) around the desert...... Biological ways are also widely used. For example, people grow special plants that can grow well with little water, like huyang, suosuo, shabang and so on...... And the method of using solar power generation (太阳能发电) has been used too...... Great changes have already taken place. The natural environment around the desert has been improved greatly. The local economy has also been developed rapidly. The success in the control of this desert shows: as long as we have a strong will and use scientific methods, we can protect the environment and build a better future for both people and nature. 12. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (P= Paragraph) A． B． C． 【2025·滨州·中考】 Being overweight (超重) is harmful to health. It can increase the risk of diseases (疾病) such as heart problems and high blood pressure. China has made a three-year weight management plan to help people control weight. So, do you know how to manage your weight? Both what you eat and how you eat are very important...... Exercise is as crucial as eating...... What’s more, some cities have already set up special “weight management clinics (门诊)” in hospitals...... Experts remind us that weight management is not a short-term goal. It’s a lifelong habit. Let’s work together for a healthier future. 15．Which of the following best shows the structure of this passage? (①= Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph2…) A． B． C． D． 题●型●训●练 基础过关 （一） （2025·山东潍坊·三模） Tune (曲调) : Pride of Fishermen When autumn comes to the frontier, the scene (风景) looks drear, South-bound wild geese won’t stay E’en for a day. An uproar rises with horns blowing far and near. Walled in by peaks, smoke rises straight At sunset over isolate town with fastened gate. I hold a cup of wine, yet home is far ▲ , The Northwest is not won and I’m obliged to stay. At the flutes’ doleful sound Over frost-covered ground, None fall asleep, The general’s hair turns white and soldiers weep. Fan Zhongyan (989-1052) was famous for his work Notes on the Yueyang Tower. Its line “To be the first in the country to worry about the affairs of the state and the last to enjoy oneself is often used. Fan was not just a ci composer (词人) , but also a famous statesman (政治家) . In the early Song Dynasty (960-1279), ci composers usually wrote about love and court (宫廷) life. But Fan Zhongyan’s ci included different topics. He focused on the life of soldiers. Pride of Fishermen is a good example. Based on the writer’s own experience, this ci shows the hard life soldiers had and their homesickness (思乡). At the time, Fan led an army to fight against the Western Xia, which was to the northwest of Song. As he grew up in Suzhou, much farther south, he couldn’t get used to the weather. That’s why the first line of the piece uses the word “drear”. The following lines in the first part describe more about the hardship. For example, the isolated town was in great danger. The second part shows how much Fan and the soldiers missed home. However, the ci doesn’t only focus on homesickness. Instead, it mixes both patriotic (爱国的) love with homesickness, creating a sad but real poetic atmosphere (氛围) . 1．What is the Chinese for the tune of this ci? A．摸鱼儿 B．渔父 C．渔家傲 D．渔歌子 2．The suitable word which can be put in the seventh line ( ▲ ) of this ci is ________. A．near B．straight C．way D．away 3．From this ci, we know Fan Zhongyan ________. A．was good at fighting and guiding. B．owned deep feeling for soldiers and homeland C．played an important role in Song’s history D．was a great ci composer and a famous statesman 4．What’s the main idea of the piece? A．The hard life and the patriotic love of soldiers. B．The anger to the enemy and the war. C．Sadness and disappointment to the emperor. D．Deeply missing families and hometown. （二） （2025·山东德州·三模） If you are 13—18 years old and want to improve your English by studying abroad, Nacel, a great organization (组织), will help you enter high schools in the USA． In order to succeed in completing the following exchange (交流) programs, you must have a high English language level, a strong ability to live far away from home and a great interest in experiencing a new culture. You will be able to choose from a short-time experience (a few weeks) to a school term or a school year. International School Program Besides offering common subjects of other high schools, this program offers STEM subjects, giving students the chance to develop skills and knowledge in the areas of science, technology, engineering, and math. For international students, English lessons are offered after school. Private High School Program We offer all private high schools across the country. You can choose any city you want to go to. For the program, students will be required to have a good score in our English exam and to attend an interview performed by one of our program staff (工作人员). Homestay Program Live in an American family in the USA! The homestay program offers teenagers chances to experience the everyday life of a host family in the USA．Our wonderful hosts will help you to know the local community as soon as possible. To find more information, please click Here or: Phone: 001-651-315-7880 Email: naceltravel@google.com 1．What is Nacel? A．A website. B．An organization. C．A program. D．An American teacher. 2．Who will probably attend the programs? A．A．French boy who can hardly speak English. B．A Chinese girl who doesn't want to leave home. C．A German girl who is interested in American culture. D．An American boy who is studying at a college in New York. 3．What is special about the International School Program? A．Its STEM subjects. B．Its international students. C．Its after-school clubs. D．Its common subjects of high school. 4．Which of the following is TRUE about the Homestay Program? A．It requires students to have an interview. B．It helps students get into any private high school. C．It helps students know about Americans' daily life. D．Its staff will take students to know the local community. 5．This passage is ________. A．to give advice on English learning B．to introduce American education C．to help students know about American culture D．to get students to join the programs （三） （2025·山东济宁·三模） Some cool inventions are listed in Science Magazine’s 25 best inventions these years. They are “making the world better, smarter and in some cases, a little more fun”, according to the magazine’s website. Do you want to learn more about some of the inventions? Let’s find out. Spark is a new type of drones (飞行器) made by a Chinese company in Shenzhen called DJI. It can help people take photos and videos. Spark might be the smallest drone ever made. When folded, it is as small as a can of cola. The coolest part is that users can control the small drone just by using hand gestures. For example, if you wave your hand from left to right, the drone will fly in the same direction. When you want it to land, you just put your hand out. The drone will come to you and land on your hand. Robots may not be good communicators. But Jibo, made by US company Jibo Inc, may be different. With a big, round head and round, fat body. Jibo looks like a cartoon character. As soon as you say, “Hey, Jibo.” It will smile, dance and turn to face you. When it talks to you, it moves its head and body naturally to communicate with you. Although it has no eyes or mouth, Jibo uses animated icons (生动的表情), such as a smile icon, to show feelings. Right now, Jibo can only do some basic things, like taking photos or reading the news to you. But it may learn to do more in the future. There have been many great inventions that changed the way we live and work. This is certainly just a beginning. New inventions will someday allow us to do things we have never dreamed of. 1．According to the passage, which of the following best describes Spark? A．It might be bigger than any other drones. B．It is controlled by using hand gestures. C．It can only fly towards the same direction. D．It is created by a US company. 2．What do the two inventions have in common? A．Both of them are made by Chinese companies. B．Both of them have big bodies. C．Both of them can fly in the sky. D．Both of them can help us take photos. 3．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage? (P= Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 4．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) to Jibo? A．Doubtful. B．Hopeful. C．Awful. D．Thankful. （四） （2025·山东菏泽·三模） Computer scientist Mary has an idea for a new robot to help her work with children. How should it look? The robot should have arms to be able to lift things. And if it is going to communicate with people, it will also need a face. Scientists believe that giving a robot a face can make it seem more friendly. Humans would also like to pay more attention to robots with faces. But what kind? For Mary, she wants to make sure that her new robot doesn’t look too much like a human. She wants people to just treat it as a machine-person. If it looks more like a human than a machine, she thinks users might find it a bit creepy and feel afraid. Mary also believes that robot faces don’t need to look a lot like ours. Her research shows that we can enjoy communicating with robots whether or not they look like humans, because our brains are able to look for faces. Just put two circles on top of a robot’s body, and we will see a face. Dave feels differently. He believes that although at first we might be afraid when seeing a robot with a lifelike face, we may soon get used to it. If robots are going to work closely with humans, they should look as much like us as possible. After all, faces are an important part of the way we communicate. To make his robots look as much like real people as possible, Dave invented a special skin (皮肤) for their faces. With this skin, robots can show human-like expressions and appear to be angry, sad, happy or surprised. Dave’s robots are also programmed to copy expressions. How? Just imagine his robot is looking at you. The cameras in its eyes send pictures of your face to its central computer! 1．Why do scientists think a robot needs a face? A．It will become more beautiful. B．It can do better in lifting things. C．It can better communicate with people. 2．What does the underlined word “creepy” mean in paragraph 2? A．Uncomfortable to look at. B．Impossible to touch. C．Boring to talk to. 3．Which of the following would Dave most probably agree with? A．People should treat robots as humans. B．People can easily accept robots with a human face. C．Robots shouldn’t look too much like humans. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To explain the reasons why robots should have faces. B．To suggest what humans can do with robots with faces. C．To share ideas on what kind of faces robots should have. （五） （2025·山东济南·三模） Huang Qingsui, a young man from the Zhuang ethnic group in Guangxi, is working to revive (复兴) traditional Chinese patterns. He spent five years traveling to many villages across Southwest China, collecting traditional patterns from local communities. In 2018, he set up an online database (数据库) of Chinese patterns. It started with about 3,000 patterns. Now, there are more than 30,000 designs with over 300 themes. The goal is to make it easier for designers to use traditional Chinese patterns into their work. Over time, Huang noticed that many designers were beginning to draw inspiration from their cultural roots. This motivated (激励) him to start the International Pattern Design Competition (WZD) in 2020. He hopes to have more products with Chinese patterns in the market. That will make traditional designs be seen by more people. The theme for the 2024 WZD is “China. Pattern”. It aims to share China’s spirit, culture and lifestyle with the world. In the view of Huang, patterns are like a “silent language” in traditional Chinese culture. They are pretty and meaningful designs. But as things become more modern and made in the same way, traditional patterns become less common in our daily lives. “Now, as our material and spiritual living standards improve, we are no longer satisfied with uniform products, opening up new opportunities (机遇) for the creative development of patterns,” Huang said. He wants to make traditional patterns cool and liked by everyone around the world. “Patterns can be understood by people from different places. I believe our traditional designs will become more popular abroad in the future,” he said. 1．What does Huang Qingsui try to revive? A．Modern uniform products. B．Southwestern communities. C．Traditional Chinese patterns. D．International competitions. 2．How many patterns were there in the online database at the very beginning? A．About 3,000. B．Less than 300. C．More than 30,000. D．About 300,000. 3．Why did Huang Qingsui start the International Pattern Design Competition? A．To attract more tourists to travel in China. B．To make traditional Chinese patterns well-known. C．To increase the number of patterns in his database. D．To develop the market in order to make more money. 4．According to the text, which of the following is TRUE? A．Huang Qingsui is from the Han ethnic group. B．People are now satisfied with uniform products. C．Traditional patterns are still very common in our daily lives. D．The 2024 WZD aims to share Chinese culture with the world. 5．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A science fiction. B．A design magazine. C．A travel guide. D．A sports newspaper. （六） （2025·山东淄博·二模） “You pretty, he ugly. You swan (天鹅), he frog (青蛙)!” Foreign people just love this funny English sentence going around the Chinese Internet. It all started when a foreign girl named Kris posted a sad photo online. It seemed that her boyfriend made her cry. Some nice Chinese people tried to cheer her up. They asked her to find someone better. Some made funny Chinglish to make her feel happy, such as “You swan, he frog”. This became a hit with foreigners. Many found it cool. They shared it a lot online and made funny pictures with it. “I need Chinese net users in my life who call the people that have hurt me frogs.” said a foreign Internet user, showing her love for the expression. Some of them wanted to know why Chinese people use “swan” and “frog” to describe this couple. After looking into it, they learned that it came from the famous old Chinese story of the beautiful swan and the ugly frog, and got interested in the Chinese stories behind Chinglish. In the past, people often corrected those who spoke Chinglish because it was full of grammar mistakes. However, with globalization (全球化), people from different countries can now share their ideas more often. Different styles of speaking English are becoming common and even accepted. English with local touches can also be popular. For example, the well-known “add oil” has now appeared in the Oxford dictionary and people use it widely. The phrase shows Chinese culture. “Once I understood the full meaning, it became much funnier. It’s great that more Chinese culture is being shared with the rest of the world.” said Cody, a young man from New Zealand, when asked about “You swan, he frog”. 1．Why did the sentence “You swan, he frog” become popular among foreigners? A．Because it is Chinglish. B．Because they found it easy to remember. C．Because it is full of grammar mistakes. D．Because they found it funny and cool. 2．What did some foreigners learn about the sentence “You swan, he frog”? A．The grammar rules behind it. B．The reasons why people love it. C．The old story behind it. D．The love behind it. 3．How has globalization changed the way we use English? A．By making English grammar stricter. B．By allowing more ways to speak English. C．By making fewer grammar mistakes. D．By caring little about grammar rules. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Chinese culture is widely known all over the world. B．Chinglish expressions are warmly welcomed by foreigners. C．“You swan, he frog” gets popular among foreigners. D．Foreigners love the stories behind Chinglish expressions. （七） （2025·山东青岛·二模） It’s common to wonder sometimes, “What if something goes wrong?” It’s important to recognize that thought and manage it so that you don’t get stuck in the worry. Worrying about the future is a normal part of life. From time to time, everyone wonders what would happen if something doesn’t go to plan: “What if I make a mistake?” or “What if everyone laughs at me?”. These “what-if” worries focus on a negative result. When you spend a lot of time worrying about bad things that could happen, it’s called “catastrophising”. Spending a lot of time “what if-ing” makes you feel stressed. For example, you might feel nervous and unwell, which might make you not want to do things, and it can make it hard to focus on what you’re doing or what people are saying. There are different ways you can help yourself. Young people’s advisor Angela McMillan suggests creating an “If/then” plan. “For example,” she says, “IF you have to stand up in front of the class, THEN you will take three deep breaths and remind yourself you have prepared and you’re OK.” You can also recognize what you’re worrying about and then challenge it. Ask yourself how likely it is to actually happen. Try thinking about what could go right. For example, ask “What if I kick the ball on target (目标)?” instead of thinking “What if I miss the ball when I try to kick it?” McMillan points out that most worries never happen. “Remember they are thoughts and the bravest thing we can do is not to let the worry win,” she says. Try to focus your attention on what you’re doing. That could be the book you’re reading; the TV show you’re watching or the conversation you’re having. Getting cross with yourself will make you feel worse, so be kind to yourself. Think about how you would talk to a friend who is feeling worried—and then speak to yourself in that same way. 1．What does the word catastrophising in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Avoiding plans for the future. B．Imagining positive future events. C．Expecting the worst possible results. D．Comparing other people’s problems. 2．Why is the “If/Then” plan helpful? A．It makes risks disappear. B．It prepares actions for worries. C．It stops all bad thoughts. D．It gives quick answers to fears. 3．What does McMillan think of most worries? A．They usually come true. B．They hardly happen in fact. C．They help people prepare better. D．They make conversations easier. 4．Which follows the advice in the text? A．“What if I succeed?” B．“What if I miss the train?” C．“I am sure I will fail.” D．“I should be kind to everyone.” 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To list all possible future disasters. B．To prove that worries are always true. C．To teach helpful methods for managing worries. D．To encourage people to keep away from thinking. 能力进阶 （一） （2025·山东日照·三模） During the May Day holiday in China, something exciting happened. Many tourists who climbed tall mountains started using AI-powered robotic supports. These are like smart aids for their legs! This shows that China is moving forward in “smart tourism”. In Shandong, there is a famous mountain called Mount Tai, which is very tall, with a top over 1,500 meters and more than 7,000 steps. Instead of climbing all those steps on their own, many tourists chose to use robotic legs for help. These cool tools became so popular that there were long lines of people waiting to try them. Li, head of Taishan Cultural Tourism Group, mentioned that they began offering 10 of these supports in January and the number has grown to 500 by May! Renting these tools costs 80 yuan for three hours. It might seem a little bit expensive, but they help people climb faster and more easily. A 26-year-old man from Beijing named Yan used one and said, “I don’t want my legs to feel tired after climbing. These robotic legs make it much easier and more enjoyable!” Using high-tech tools to help in mountain climbing is becoming more and more popular. In Anhui, Huangshan Mountain also plans to introduce smart knee straps and walking sticks this month. These smart tools not only make climbing more interesting but also attract people’s attention to the use of new technology in our daily life. A travel website called Tuniu pointed out that AI-powered products can draw more young people to places of interest, providing greater development space for tourism industry and economy (经济). Wei, who started the website, said these tools will lower the risk of mountain climbing, and lead a new trend among people of all ages. The widespread use of robotic supports shows that China is moving forward in “smart tourism” and technology is not about replacing humankind, but about expanding the possibility of humankind experiencing nature. In the future, human-machine collaboration (协作) will meet the growing travel needs of visitors and continue to bring us new surprises. 1．What tools did many tourists use while climbing Mount Tai according to the passage? A．Robotic supports. B．Smartphones. C．Paper maps. D．Ropeways. 2．How did Wei feel about the introduction of high-tech tools on mountain climbing? A．Disappointed. B．Doubtful. C．Hopeful. D．Unsupported. 3．What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A．The developing process and types of robotic supports. B．The purpose and future of using robotic supports. C．The advantages and popularity of robotic supports. D．The doubts and costs of robotic supports. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of this passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2 …) A． B． C． D． （二） （2025·宁夏·真题） There are two kinds of squirrels (松鼠) in the UK: the red squirrel and the grey squirrel. However, the population of red squirrels has become smaller since the last century. This is mainly because grey squirrels have made the life of red squirrels more difficult. Grey squirrels are bigger and stronger, so they are better at competing for food and areas to live. Grey squirrels also carry a virus (病毒). This virus doesn’t harm grey squirrels, but it can be dangerous for red squirrels. However, scientists have developed a system (系统) to help boost red squirrel numbers. And it uses artificial intelligence (AI). AI is a computer that has learned from experience and can do things that usually need human intelligence. The AI system has been trained to look at photos of squirrels and tell red squirrels from grey squirrels. The aim of the system is to help red squirrels by giving them more food, while stopping grey squirrel population from getting even bigger. To stop grey squirrel population getting bigger, the AI system can offer grey squirrels a kind of special food that stops them having babies. Scientists check the AI has recognized grey squirrels properly. What’s next? Scientists think the AI could also be taught to recognize squirrels by their whiskers (胡须). This could help scientists follow squirrels more closely. For example, if a red squirrel gets sick, the AI could let scientists know quickly. With the help of AI, the number of red squirrels might rise soon. “This isn’t just about squirrels,” Dr. Smith, a wildlife scientist, says. “It’s also about learning to protect wildlife with technology.” 1．What does the underlined word “boost” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Study. B．Count. C．Control. D．Increase. 2．What can the AI system do to protect red squirrels according to the passage? ①Give red squirrels more food. ②Recognize red squirrels in the photos. ③Help red squirrels look for new areas to live in. ④Give grey squirrels special food for population control. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 3．How does the writer begin Paragraph 3? A．By reporting a result. B．By giving an example. C．By asking a question. D．By using an old saying. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To show how technology helps save animals in danger. B．To compare the living habits of red and grey squirrels. C．To describe how AI helps scientists study squirrel whiskers. D．To explain why grey squirrels are dangerous for red squirrels. （三） （2025·浙江·真题） Plains wanderers are small, rare birds that live in grasslands. Unlike most birds, female plains wanderers are larger and stronger than males. Females take the lead in protecting their nests and babies from animals like foxes, while males often sit on the eggs to keep them warm. These birds are hard to find because their feathers blend into the grass, making them look like part of the landscape. Sadly, their numbers have been dropping because people are taking over their grassland homes for farms and cities. To save them, scientists are using AI. The key is the birds’ calls. Mother wanderers make soft sounds to talk to their chicks and warn about danger. These calls are quiet and easy to miss, but AI can hear them clearly. Scientists put microphones in the grasslands to record sounds all day and night. Then they put these recordings into a computer program. The AI learns to tell the wanderers’ calls apart from other noises, like the wind blowing or insects chirping. This helps scientists find where the mother birds are and how many chicks they have. “AI helps us monitor these birds without bothering them,” says Dr. Lee, who leads the project. “We can find the most important areas for them and work to protect those places.” Once, the AI helped scientists find a hidden nest with three baby birds. Without AI, they might not have found it. Thanks to this technology, there is new hope for these rare birds, showing that AI can be a powerful tool in saving wildlife. 1．What do we know about plains wanderers? A．Males are larger than females. B．They are easy to find in grasslands. C．Mother birds are bigger and protect babies. D．They are common in many habitats. 2．The underlined word “monitor” in the last paragraph probably means “________”. A．see B．catch C．feed D．follow 3．How do scientists use AI to find plains wanderers? A．By taking photos of their nests. B．By tracking their flying paths. C．By counting eggs in the grass. D．By analyzing calls from mother birds. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Why plains wanderers are rare. B．How mother wanderers protect their chicks. C．What AI can do in daily life. D．How scientists use AI to protect plains wanderers. （四） （2025·江西宜昌·一模） Have you ever looked at a cat’s face and wondered what it is thinking? A team of scientists from the University of California might have some answers. In a fascinating new study, researchers discovered that cats use 276 different facial expressions to show their feelings—far more than we have ever imagined! ①________ The scientists visited a local cat cafe in Los Angeles for over several months to observe (观察) 53 cats. They recorded 194 minutes of videos, carefully watching how the cats communicate with each other. Using a special system called FACS (Facial Action Coding System), which is normally used to study human expressions, they identified 26 unique facial movements in cats. These movements—like licking (舔) their nose, opening their mouth, or widening their pupils (the black part of their eyes)—combine in different ways to create all those expressions. They also found cats use 26 of these facial movements in total, which can be mixed to express how they are feeling. Dogs use 27 facial movements and humans use a total of 44. ②________ Out of the expressions they recorded, 45% were friendly and 37% were angry. “A friendly cat moves its ears and whiskers forward while closing its eyes slowly—almost like a smile! However, an angry cat often flattens its ears to its head, makes its pupils smaller and licks its lips,” said the team. ③________ Although the researchers aren’t sure what the cats were trying to communicate with each other using their faces, they plan to study cats in other places to improve their understanding. They also hope that the research could help animal shelters (收容所) improve the way they look after the cats. Some pet owners even suggest the researchers develop an app that scans a cat’s face to explain its mood—like a “cat translator”. Next time your cat stares at you, pay attention—it might be “talking” with its face! 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By giving numbers. B．By telling a story. C．By showing some facts. D．By asking a question. 2．Which of the following uses the most facial movements? A．Cats. B．Humans. C．Dogs. D．Tigers. 3．Match the title with each part. a. Why Does This Matter?     b. Friendly Faces or Angry Faces? c. How Did They Study Cats?     d. Future Research on Cat Communication. A．①-a ②-b ③-d B．①-b ②-c ③-a C．①-c ②-b ③-d D．①-d ②-b ③-c 4．What might the scientists do next? A．Keep on studying to know more about cats. B．Find out why the cats try to communicate with each other. C．Build an animal shelter to look after cats. D．Use an app to study cats’ expressions. 5．What would be the best structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． （五） （2025·山东临沂·二模） Fighting Food Waste The Chinese people have developed the habit of ordering more dishes than they can eat when inviting friends or relatives for dinner in a restaurant. If all the plates are empty at the end of the dinner, it would be considered a matter of shame for the host. Surveys show that, on average (平均), 93 grams of food is wasted by each person having dinner in a restaurant. This is about 12% of the food they order. For parties, the leftovers (剩饭) can be as high as 38% of the total dishes ordered. According to China Daily, as much as 35 million tons of grain (粮食) — that’s 6% of the total grain output in China — is wasted every year. Therefore, people came up with different ways to fight food waste. In 2013, the “Clean Your Plate” activity was started in China. Restaurant owners, food associations (食品协会), the public and different levels of governments all liked this activity. There are small papers on more and more restaurant tables. They tell diners to order only the food they can eat. And more waiters and waitresses will tell customers not to order more if they think the customers have ordered enough. Moreover, the awareness (意识) of reducing food waste is also increasing among customers. During the eight-day Spring Festival holiday in 2024, which is usually full of big meals, Liu Han, a 24-year-old in Beijing, tried not to waste food in many holiday get-togethers. Liu went out to eat with friends four times during the holiday. He planned each meal carefully to avoid food waste. He used restaurant review apps to find group-buying deals. He looked at the dishes on nearby tables to know the size of the dishes. He also asked the staff to make sure he didn’t order too much. Liu said, “People sometimes have big eyes but a small stomach.” All in all, what people do nowadays shows a great change from past years, because “saving face” often led to too much ordering. Food waste is a big problem. Every grain counts. If people all save food, we can make our world a better place. 1．What was considered a shame for the host in the past when having dinner in a restaurant? A．Ordering too many dishes. B．Not inviting enough friends. C．Having all the plates empty at the end of the dinner. 2．How does Paragraph 2 show the fact of food waste? A．By telling a story. B．By comparing facts. C．By listing numbers. 3．What does “People sometimes have big eyes but a small stomach” mean? A．People are always very hungry. B．People seem very hungry but can’t eat much. C．People have big eyes and a small stomach. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (P = Paragraph) A． B． C． （六） （2025·山东青岛·二模） A New and Exciting Hobby Pen spinning is becoming a popular hobby among teenagers around the world. It’s not just about twirling a pen, it’s an art form that combines skill, creativity, and speed. At first, pen spinning might seem simple. But as you watch experienced spinners, you’ll be amazed by their complex tricks. They can make the pen dance between their fingers, balancing it on the tip or even throwing it into the air and catching it perfectly. These tricks have cool names like “Charge”, “Around the World” and “Sonar”. Each trick requires lots of practice to master. Pen spinning isn’t just fun, it also helps improve focus and hand-eye coordination. When you try to control the pen, you need to focus hard. And the more you practice, the better you get at using your hands and eyes together. Many pen spinners share their videos online. Some of them have become internet stars, showing off their amazing skills to thousands of viewers. There are also pen spinning competitions where people from different places meet to show their best tricks and compete for prizes. So, if you’re looking for a new and exciting hobby, why not give pen spinning a try? All you need is a pen and a little patience. Who knows, maybe you’ll become the next pen spinning star! 1．What is pen spinning according to the passage? A．A way of writing quickly. B．An art form with skill and creativity. C．A game for making friends. D．A tool for studying better. 2．The underlined word “ twirling” in Paragraph 1 means ______. A．writing B．drawing C．spinning D．holding 3．How does pen spinning help people? A．It helps them make more money. B．It helps them become internet stars. C．It helps them improve focus and hand-eye coordination. D．It helps them win more competitions. 4．Where can people see pen spinners’ amazing skills? A．Only at school. B．Only in competitions. C．In the park. D．On the Internet and in competitions. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to spin a pen. B．Famous pen spinners. C．The history of pen spinning. D．Pen spinning as an interesting hobby. （七） （2025·山东泰安·一模） At present, with the continuous popularity of rural tourism, nightlife no longer belongs to cities. Xiazhang Town’s Shangwang Village has lighted its night time economy by blending cultural heritage (遗产) with tourism. This early spring, the village hosted a four-day Intangible Cultural Heritage Food Festival (非物质文化遗产美食节), attracting crowds of visitors. The village square was alive with bright lights and colourful activities, such as food stalls, carnival games (狂欢游戏), inflatable castles (充气城堡), and go-karts (卡丁车). “We came during the weekend for our children to experience different delicious food and let the kids play—The kids are having a wonderful time and endless fun!" said local visitor Niu Jing. The most exciting highlights were the traditional “iron flower” and “fire wheel” performances. Many tourists caught these breathtaking moments on their phones. “I traveled from Qingdao just to see this——it’s my first time, and it’s wonderful! I came specifically to see the iron flower show after hearing about it. The first-time experience was truly great and fantastic.” said tourist Wang Cheng from Qingdao. “Our festival not only shows traditional food but also improves intangible cultural heritage, raising our village’s looks,” said Wang Feng, the village’s Party secretary. “We’ll show these events to enrich rural tourism and support local development.” By combining (结合，融合) night markets with folk performances, Shangwang Village is pioneering a new model for rural revitalization (乡村振兴)。 1．How long did the Intangible Cultural Heritage Food Festival last? A．Two days. B．Three days. C．Four days. D．A week. 2．What was the most exciting part of the event? A．Food stalls B．Carnival games C．“Iron flowe” and “fire wheel” shows D．Inflatable castles 3．Why did tourist Wang Cheng travel to Shangwang Village? A．To taste local snacks. B．To watch the traditional “iron flower” performance. C．To play carnival games with children. D．To learn about modern art exhibitions. 4．What is the main purpose of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Food Festival in Shangwang Village? A．To build more modern amusement facilities (设施)。 B．To combine cultural heritage with tourism for rural revitalization. C．To take the place of traditional performances with new technologies. D．To attract foreign tourists over the world to experience city nightlife. 真题实战 （一） （2025·山东菏泽·中考） Imagine growing fuel (燃料) on trees or getting it from rubbish. Imagine cars that run on air or produce water, not pollution! All around the world, people are making surprising new fuels. Biogas is made from plants or natural waste by living things called bacteria (细菌). People can use animal and food waste to make biogas. Bacteria break the waste down in a special container (容器), and the gas (气体) is used for cooking and lights. Just one kilogram of waste produces enough biogas to make a light work for four hours. In Sweden, they even make biogas for cars from toilet waste! Biofuels are made from fuels that grow. It is great because we make it from the waste parts of plants that we already grow for food. The newest biofuels are made from very small living things called algae (藻类). Algae produce more energy than other biofuels, and they can grow in places where we do not grow food, like seas and wasteland. In Brazil, cars and buses have used bioethanol for years. The cleanest fuel is hydrogen (氢). When hydrogen burns, it just makes water, but this gas is difficult to produce. In 2010, engineers invented a machine which uses energy from the sun to make hydrogen. Other people are trying to use bacteria to make it. These “clean” ways of making hydrogen are still very new. If they become cheaper, we may all drive hydrogen cars in the future. Every year, scientists are inventing new ways to make super fuels from the things around us. Which energy technologies will we use most in the future? We do not know the answer to this question exactly. But we do know that we are starting to build a future without fossil fuels. 1．What is Biogas made from? A．Energy from the sun. B．Plants or natural waste. C．Small living things called algae. 2．Which of the following is the cleanest fuel? A．Biogas. B．Biofuels. C．Hydrogen. 3．What could be the best title of the passage? A．Super Fuels B．New Bacteria C．Special Containers 4．Which is the best structure (结构) of the passage? (P1=Paragraph 1…) A． B． C． （二） （2025·山东菏泽·中考） Scientists in Australia have used Artificial Intelligence (AI) to help them locate (定位) an endangered bird called the Plains-wanderer. This new information will help scientists protect the rare (稀有的) birds. The Plains-wanderer is a small bird that lives in Australia’s grasslands. They play an important role in controlling insects and spreading seeds, which helps create healthier habitats (栖息地) for other native wildlife in Australia. The birds were once common in eastern Australia. But that’s changed, as grasslands have been turned into farms and cities. Zoos Victoria, the group behind the recent effort to locate Plains-wanderers, says the birds’ numbers have fallen by over 85% in recent decades. Scientists believe there are now only 250 to 1,000 of the birds left in the wild. To protect these rare birds, Zoos Victoria first had to learn where they were. Female Plains-wanderers make an unusual “Ooom” call, and this was the key to locating them. The researchers set up 35 special recording devices (装置) called "song meters" in nine different grassy areas, where Plains-wanderers could possibly have been. The song meters collected tens of thousands of hours of recordings-far more than humans could analyze (分析). Then the researchers fed the recordings to an AI system trained to identify (识别) the calls of Plains-wanderers. The AI system discovered Plains-wanderer calls coming from two of the sites. After that, the scientists double-checked and found that the AI system was correct. Chris Hartnett, who works with Zoos Victoria, says the discovery is “huge”. And it is the first time in over 30 years that the Plains-wanderer has been found west of Melbourne. The new information of Plains-wanderers will help scientists protect the birds. The team plans to work with the land owners to help protect the birds, and the grasslands they depend on. Now, the researchers are still “listening”—using song meters and AI to try to locate more of the Plains-wanderers. 1．Where do the Plains-wanderers live? A．In Australia's grasslands. B．In Victoria Zoo. C．In the city of Melbourne. 2．Why are the Plains-wanderers endangered? A．They are too small to live in Australia’s grasslands. B．Their habitats have been turned into farms and cities. C．They play an important role in protecting native wildlife. 3．What is the right order of locating the Plains-wanderers? ①collect enough recordings    ②use AI to identify the calls ③set up recording devices        ④double-check the discovery A．①②③④ B．②③④① C．③①②④ 4．What will the researchers do next according to the passage? A．Use song meters to help make AI more intelligent. B．Work with the land owners to help grow rice better. C．Locate more Plains-wanderers to help protect them. （三） （2025·山东滨州·中考） Do you not see the Yellow River come from the sky, rushing into the sea and never returning? This poem describes a very beautiful scene of the Yellow River. The Yellow River is the cradle of China’s civilization (中华文明的摇篮). It’s in northern China. It runs through nine provinces from west to east. It looks like the Chinese character “几”. It is the second longest river in China, and the fifth longest in the world. The Yellow River is also called the “mother river of China”. So flood (洪水) control and prevention have always been the key to the happy lives of people. Now, scientists can better solve these problems by giving the river a digital (数字) twin. The Yellow River’s digital twin uses new technologies such as big data (数据), AI and Internet of things to collect and send the information to the control center. According to the information, a 3D model of the river is shown on the computer screen, and it reflects the real conditions of the Yellow River. It’s like the Yellow River has a twin. One big success in the Yellow River’s protection is “smart stones”. They are put in important places along the river to record the movement of the river. As soon as smart stones feel the unusual movement of the river, they’ll send an alarm to the control center at once. In this way, the government can take action to protect the Yellow River in time. And in the sky, drones (无人机) are flying to survey the flood prevention projects. Thanks to the drones, scientists can get the information about the Yellow River in time. Under the water and up in the sky, intelligent devices (设备) are helping to protect the Yellow River. In the future, we’ll try our best to create better ways for the mother river’s protection. 1．According to the map, the “sea” in Paragraph 1 refers to _________. A．the Yellow Sea B．the Bohai Sea C．the South China Sea D．the East China Sea 2．How does the writer introduce the Yellow River in Paragraph 2? A．By listing numbers. B．By telling a story. C．By comparing opinions. D．By asking questions. 3．The intelligent devices are mentioned in the passage EXCEPT _________. A．drones B．smart stones C．intelligent cars D．a digital twin 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．The Yellow River runs through nine provinces. B．The digital twin only uses big data to make a 3D model. C．Smart stones can feel the unusual movement of the river. D．Drones help to get the information about the Yellow River. 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．The Location of the Yellow River B．Beautiful Scenes of the Yellow River C．A Poem of Praising the Yellow River D．New Ways of Protecting the Yellow River （四） （2025·山东聊城·中考） China is actively working to help people control their weight and live healthier lives. The government started a three-year weight-control plan from 2024 to 2027 to fight against obesity. Obesity can cause serious health problems like diabetes (糖尿病) and heart disease. Here’s what you should know about the new guidelines (指导纲领). First, it’s important to check your BMI (身体质量指数). For adults (成年人), a healthy BMI is between 18.5 and 24. If your BMI is between 24 and 28, you are overweight. 28 or above means obesity. Both eating well and exercise are important. Choose healthy foods like brown rice, fresh vegetables, fish, chicken and beans. Stay away from fried and sugary treats (甜食), and also eat less salt and oil. Surprisingly, local favorites like Northeast China’s stewed fish (炖鱼) and Northwest China’s chili-oil noodles (油泼面) are part of the healthy eating list. For exercise, try to do 150—300 minutes of activities like walking or dancing weekly, and do strength training twice a week. For example, if you study for long, stand up and exercise for 3—5 minutes every hour. Shanghai schools now make sure students exercise for at least two hours daily. Small daily habits can also make a big difference. Teens (青少年) should get eight hours’ sleep every night because bad sleep can make you increase weight. Try to eat vegetables first, then meat, and finally rice or bread during a meal to control how much you eat. In short, small changes like choosing water instead of cola or taking stairs can lead to a healthier you. 1．If a man’s BMI is ________, it means he is healthy. A．22. 5 B．25 C．28 D．33 2．What does the underlined word “obesity” mean in Chinese? A．疾病 B．失眠 C．肥胖 D．孤独 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Eat fried and sugary treats. B．Take stairs instead of taking lifts. C．Try to eat rice first, then meat and finally vegetables. D．Schools all over China now make sure students get two hours’ exercise a day. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Only developing daily habits. B．Better eating and less exercise. C．Paying no attention to your BMI. D．Helping Chinese control weight and live healthier lives. 5．The passage above can probably be found in the part of ________ in a newspaper. A．Culture B．Health C．Business D．Technology （五） （2025·山东临沂·中考） Nowadays, there are many great inventions around us. They make our lives better in amazing ways. One of them is called “Tianmouc”—the world’s first smart chip (芯片) that works like our eyes and brains. A team from Tsinghua University made it! Tianmouc gets an idea by how our human eyes and brains work together. First, our eyes see things around us. Then, our brains understand them. Tianmouc does something similar! It uses special sensors (传感器) to break down what it sees into tiny parts. Then, Tianmouc puts them together in two ways. One is by seeing colors and details clearly as if we read a book. The other is by reacting (回应) to sudden changes quickly, just like we catch a ball. Tianmouc is really powerful. It can do things that traditional chips can’t. For example, it’s able to collect what it sees at a very high speed of 10,000 frames (帧) per second. In some ways, it sees things more exactly than our eyes. The chip can work well in different light conditions—no matter how bright or dark the light is. All of these are achieved with very little power or energy. Tianmouc has a big influence on our daily life. For self-driving cars, they need to “see” the road clearly and react quickly to any danger. Tianmouc can notice sudden changes quickly, like a child running across the road or a car suddenly cutting in. For the cameras, they will react faster by catching any unusual movement in the future. Inventions like Tianmouc show how creative the humans can be! They are making our lives more convenient and safer. Who knows what amazing inventions we’ll see next? 1．What do we know about “Tianmouc”? A．It’s a new type of cameras that can react faster. B．It’s a special sensor for self-driving cars to see and react quickly. C．It’s the world’s first smart chip working like human eyes and brains. 2．From Paragraph 2, we know ______. A．how Tianmouc works B．how Tianmouc helps us C．what makes Tianmouc special 3．What does the writer mean by asking “Who knows what amazing inventions we’ll see next?”? A．The writer doubts if there will be new inventions. B．The writer believes more amazing inventions will appear. C．The writer thinks inventions will mainly make cars faster. 4．Where is the passage probably from? A．A travel ad. B．A health guide. C．A science magazine. （六） （2025·山东日照·中考） A nudge is a gentle push. Sometimes it’s a physical push. A person might nudge a friend to make him move out of the way, or a parent might nudge a child to get her to say thank you for a gift. Sometimes a nudge is a mental (心理) push. A boss might nudge workers to work faster by reminding them that a deadline (最后期限) is coming up. In design terms, nudges usually have two characteristics. First, they make one choice seem more attractive and useful than the others. Second, design nudges don’t say clearly what the best choice is. They just suggest it in an indirect way. We can see many examples where nudges help people choose what’s good for them. Take students as an example. Nudges can encourage them to give up negative behaviors, such as eating junk food at lunch, and develop positive ones. Studies show that most people take the first three foods they see more often than other foods. Schools can use this information to nudge students to eat better by putting healthier food choices at the front of the line and unhealthy ones at the end. Giving food nicer names can also change student choices. “Cool summer salad” will probably be more popular than just “salad”. However, not all design nudges are beneficial. For example, shops might shine a light on fruit, using this nudge to increase sales. But it benefits shops, not customers. A hotel that offers a free breakfast might choose to put low-cost but unhealthy food in a noticeable place and put higher-cost but healthier food in a far corner. This helps the hotel save money but is bad for guests. Design nudges are all around us because they are effective. A growing number of people are now using nudges on themselves to help overcome problems and make better choices. 1．What is a characteristic of design nudges? A．They clearly tell people what to choose. B．They push people to make decisions quickly. C．They encourage people to think independently. D．They make one choice seem better than the rest. 2．How can schools nudge their students to eat better? A．By offering more food choices to them. B．By providing high-cost foods at lower prices. C．By putting healthy foods at a noticeable place. D．By placing unhealthy foods at the front of the line. 3．What can we learn from the examples in Paragraph 4? A．Design nudges might be used in a bad way. B．People often misunderstand design nudges. C．People use design nudges widely in daily life. D．Design nudges can improve the service quality. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．The power of a nudge B．The benefits of a nudge C．How to design a nudge D．How to recognize a nudge （七） （2025·山东威海·中考） Big progress made towards carbon goals Editor’s note: China Daily is publishing news about China’s work to reach its carbon peak (碳达峰) and carbon neutrality (碳中和) goals. ① In 2024, China made big progress on its long-term climate (气候) goals. It led the world’s energy change at a speed never seen before. Though it’s challenging, Chinese experts are still working on achieving carbon peak before 2030 and become carbon neutrality by 2060． ② More renewable energy (like water power and wind power) starts working. In the first 9 months of 2024, China added 210 million kilowatts (千瓦) of new renewable energy. That’s 21% more than the same time last year, and 86% of all new power capacity (产量). That’s a lot! ③ A report from Wood Mackenzie, a UK energy company, says China continues to lead the world energy changing. Never has the world seen the speed of growth of an energy system that China is achieving. By 2025, China’s solar and wind power will be more than Europe and North America together. ④ The report also says China’s transport is changing. By 2034, electric cars will make up 66% of car sales. Key words to know:◆ carbon peak: carbon emissions (碳排放量) will first reach the highest point, then start to go down. ◆ carbon neutrality: the balance (平衡) of the amount of CO₂ we put into the air with the amount we take out. 1．What can be put in the ________ in the graph (图表)? A．Carbon neutrality. B．Carbon peak. C．Climate goals. 2．What does the underlined word “That” probably refer to in Paragraph 2? A．The first 9 months of 2024． B．86% of all new power capacity. C．210 million kilowatts of new renewable energy. 3．What is the UK energy company’s attitude towards China’s achievements in Paragraph 3? A．Amazed. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. 4．How many percent of car sales will electric cars make up by 2034? A．21%. B．50%. C．66%. 5．What is this passage mainly about? A．China’s development on transport in 2024． B．China’s big steps on green changing in 2024． C．China’s efforts on water and wind power in 2024． （八） （2025·山东泰安·中考） Nowadays, some companies around the world are now offering humanoid (human-like) robots. They are being designed (设计) to look as human as possible. These products of technology are at the center of a debate (辩论): Should they be made to look like humans or just like what they are machines? Robots are playing an increasingly bigger role in our lives. In some countries, robots have been entertaining kids and helping the elderly. Some experts say robots will be more effective at such jobs if they look like humans. Research has shown that people feel closer to human-like robots. Also, human-like robots suit environments that are designed for humans. After all, the world is full of stairs (楼梯), hallways, shelves at shoulder height and sightlines at eye level. But other experts say robots don’t need to look like humans. Humanoid robots also have disadvantages. If robots look like us, we may expect them to act like us. However, they may make us disappointed because they can’t always do that yet. For example, they can’t laugh at the right moments during a conversation. Many people also find human-like robots scary. I think the human body is not the best design for many of the jobs we want robots to do. Just think of small, flat robot vacuums (真空吸尘器). They can go under a sofa to pick up the dust balls. Can human-like robots also do this? Even if robots can be made into humanlike ones, why do we limit (限定) them to two legs and two arms? Why not four and six so they can pick up the elderly or sick people comfortably? And that super intelligent AI almost certainly wouldn’t pick one body design to carry its mind around in. Why limit computational capacity (算力) to what fits inside a single head? What’s your opinion about robots’ shapes? 1．According to the second paragraph, the reasons why robots should be designed to look like humans include ________. ①People feel closer to humanoid robots. ②Robots are widely used in the industrial field. ③Humanoid robots can serve the people effectively. ④Humanoid robots can suit human environments. A．①②④ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②③ 2．Other experts don’t agree that robots are designed to look like humans because humanoid robots ________. A．cost a lot B．can’t cry or laugh C．can’t have conversations with humans D．can’t always behave like us as we expect 3．What’s the writer’s opinion according to the fourth paragraph? A．Robots can’t be made to look like humans. B．Humanoid design is still the best choice for robots. C．A robot should be designed with more arms, legs and heads. D．The design of a robot’s shape should depend on its use. 4．What’s the best title of this passage? A．The Development of Humanoid Robots B．A Debate about Improving the Services of Robots C．Should Robots Look like Humans? D．Different Robots, Different Services 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解之说明文 内●容●导●航 第一部分 题型解码 高屋建瓴，掌握全局 题型概述 考向分类 技巧点拨 第二部分 考向突破 微观解剖，精细教学 考向01 细节理解题 考向02 主旨大意及最佳标题 考点03 推理判断题 考点04 猜测词义及指代关系题 考点05 篇章结构题 第三部分 题型训练 整合应用，模拟实战 题●型●解●码 题型概述 近两年山东中考英语阅读理解中，说明文是核心考查题型之一，占阅读总分约25-40%左右，题量1-2篇、6-10题，分值每题2分。文章以科普知识、生活常识、社会现象、文化介绍等为主，侧重考查细节定位、推理判断、主旨归纳、词义/代词猜测四大能力。文章篇幅 200-400词，题量5-10题，每题2分，分值占比高。 考向分类 说明文题目设置侧重信息提取与逻辑分析，主要题型包括： • 细节理解题：考查具体数据、特征、步骤等，占比40%-50% • 推理判断题：考查隐含逻辑、作者意图等，占比20%-25% • 主旨大意题：考查文章主题或段落大意，占比15%-20% • 词义猜测题：考查专业术语或关键词含义，占比10%-15% • 结构分析题：考查段落作用、说明顺序等，占比5%-10% 技巧点拨 细节理解题：精准定位三原则 ▶ 解题步骤 1. 圈画题干关键词：如数字（30%）、专有名词（5G）、动词（explain） 2. 定位原文段落：根据关键词快速锁定对应段落（如题干含“history”，扫描文中时间节点） 3. 对比选项与原文：注意同义替换（如“boost”=“improve”）和细节陷阱（如偷换概念、扩大范围） ▶ 典型陷阱 • 绝对化表述：原文“possibly”→选项“certainly”，原文“partly”→选项“completely” • 跨段信息混淆：将A段落的优点与B段落的缺点错误拼接 主旨大意题：总分结构速解法 ▶ 三步定位法 1. 首段首尾句：说明文常开篇点题，如“Climate change is one of the biggest challenges today.” 2. 段落首句串联：提取每段核心话题（如“定义→特点→应用”），归纳共同主题 3. 尾段总结句：结尾常重申主题或提出建议，如“Therefore, recycling is essential for sustainability.” ▶ 干扰项特征 • 以偏概全：用某一段的细节（如“某种植物的药用价值”）代替全文主题（“植物的多样性”） • 范围失当：主题是“青少年心理健康”，选项却为“全球健康问题” 示例： 文章围绕“智能家居的功能与优势”展开，主旨应为“The functions and benefits of smart home systems” 推理判断题：逻辑关联四角度 ▶ 常见推理方向 1. 因果推理：根据“原因→结果”推导，如“森林砍伐→水土流失加剧” 2. 目的推理：分析作者引用案例的意图（如“用数据说明问题严重性”） 3. 趋势推理：根据现状预测未来，如“人口老龄化→养老产业需求增加” 4. 态度推理：通过“significantly”“unfortunately”等副词判断情感倾向 ▶ 解题关键 • 答案必须基于文中明确逻辑线索，避免主观臆断 • 关注转折词（如“however”“in contrast”），其后常隐含真实观点 示例： 文中提到“Electric vehicles produce less pollution than gasoline cars”，可推断“作者支持新能源汽车推广” 词义猜测题：语境解码五线索 ▶ 猜词方法 1. 定义解释：信号词“be defined as”“mean”“refer to”，如“Biometrics refers to the use of physical characteristics for identification.” 2. 举例说明：信号词“for instance”“such as”，如“Appliances, like refrigerators and washing machines, consume electricity.” 3. 对比关系：信号词“while”“unlike”，如“Some prefer instant coffee, while others enjoy the fresh-brewed taste.” 4. 词根词缀：如“micro-”（微小）、“-graphy”（记录），“micrography”→显微摄影 5. 生活常识：结合背景知识，如“satellite”与“太空观测”相关，猜为“卫星” 结构分析题：把握说明顺序与段落作用 ▶ 常见说明顺序 1. 时间顺序：适用于历史发展、工艺步骤（如“造纸术的演变”），关键词：first, later, finally 2. 空间顺序：适用于场景布局、物体构造（如“博物馆的展厅分布”），关键词：above, below, opposite 3. 逻辑顺序： • 从现象到本质（如“解释极光成因”） • 从主到次（如“城市污染的主要原因”） • 从问题到解决（如“如何应对网络安全威胁”） ▶ 段落作用分析 • 首段：引出主题、交代背景、设置悬念 • 中间段：分点说明、举例论证、对比分析 • 尾段：总结全文、提出建议、展望未来 考●向●突●破 考向01 细节理解题 【2025·济南·中考】Because of this big challenge, the future of sustainable (可持续的) construction may lie with AI. AI is able to study building efficiency (效率) performance by grouping data to find the best chances for sustainable material usage. With a tool like AI, the future of sustainable construction could progress much faster than in the past. Besides, AI helps architects (建筑师) work with new tools and sustainable materials to create our better buildings and cities of the future. For example, construction 3D printing guided by AI can offer better choices for building materials to save money, and map out how construction materials could be recycled. 17. How can AI help architects? A．Produce sustainable steel. B．Draw maps of dream cities. C．Invent recyclable 3D printers. D．Choose sustainable materials. 【答案】D 【解析】本文主要介绍人工智能在建筑业的应用。 17. 细节理解题。根据“AI is able to study building efficiency (效率) performance by grouping data to find the best chances for sustainable material usage.”可知，人工智能能够通过对数据进行分类分析来研究建筑的能效表现，从而找到最有利于可持续材料使用的最佳方案。故选D。 【2025·东营·中考】A grassland is a biome (生物群落区) that is covered with grasses. Grass is everything to a grassland. Grass is food for animals. Grass can keep the grassland warm and wet. Grass stops the wind from blowing away the soil (土壤). 26. What plays the most important role in a grassland? A．The tree. B．The soil. C．The grass. D．The animal. 【答案】C 【解析】本文主要介绍了草原的生物族群、草原类型、草原上的动植物及其适应性等。 26．细节理解题。根据“A grassland is a biome (生物群落区) that is covered with grasses. Grass is everything to a grassland.”可知，草在草原上起着最重要的作用。故选C。 【2025·烟台·中考】From an early age, I began to like Chinese culture a lot. When there was a chance to study in Beijing as an exchange student, I took it at once. In my first 24 hours in Beijing, I felt very nervous. I didn’t see one foreigner. But on my first day of school, I was greeted by many foreign faces. The students came from all over the world. I would be in a class with Chelsea from Norway and Charlie from my motherland — the UK. 4. Why does Liu Lijie go to the restaurant in Beijing after the lunchtime rush? A．To have a reduced-price meal. B．To get back to make money. C．To deliver food for the restaurant. D．To sell mutton noodle soup. 【答案】A 【解析】本文介绍了大城市中一些餐厅提供的“爱心餐”服务，这是一种减价餐点，旨在帮助农民工和外卖骑手等有需要群体。 4．细节理解题。根据“Liu Lijie, halfway through a 13-hour workday, usually rides to a restaurant in Beijing for his favorite choice—mutton noodle soup, for 12 yuan, 6 yuan cheaper than the regular price.”可知，刘立杰（音译）选择在午餐高峰后用餐是为了吃“减价餐”。故选A。 考向02 主旨大意及最佳标题 【2025·济南·中考】AI can be used to speed up the future of sustainable construction to set standards for the industry, and make construction more efficient and affordable. Like any other computer, AI is a tool that is particularly good at studying data sets, but for the moment it still requires smart and ethical (有道德的) human beings to lead its work. All of that has to be done with respect for humans, so it’s really up to us to make it work. 20. What is the text mainly about? A．AI recycles construction wastes. B．AI may take the place of architects. C．AI helps sustainable construction. D．AI speeds sustainable development. 【答案】C 【解析】本文主要介绍人工智能在建筑业的应用。 20．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍人工智能在建筑业的应用，选项C“人工智能助力可持续建筑”符合主题，故选C。 【2025·枣庄·中考】What’s the hottest social activity this spring? For many young people in China, it’s going foraging with friends. 16．What’s the best title for this passage? A．The Advantages of Going Foraging B．Different Ways of Going Foraging C．Rules to Follow while Going Foraging D．Eat Healthily by Going Foraging 【答案】A 【解析】本文介绍了今年春天在中国年轻人中流行的“采野菜”社交活动。 16. 最佳标题题。根据“What’s the hottest social activity this spring? For many young people in China, it’s going foraging with friends.”以及三到五段的首句可知，主要介绍采野菜这项活动的好处，故选A。 【2025·潍坊·中考】 The robot is being tested in Shanghai. With the help of cameras and AI, the robot dog can see, listen and speak with blind people. It can help them during daily trips outside and be a “friend” at home. Blind people can also use a cane (手杖) to control the robot’s walking and running speed. The robot can even recognize the traffic lights—real guide dogs are unable to do that. 5. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．How the robot dog works. B．Where the robot dog can go. C．What the robot dog can do. D．When the robot dog comes out. 【答案】C 【解析】本文报道了上海交通大学研发的六足机器人导盲犬，介绍了其稳定性设计，智能功能及用户测试反馈。 5. 主旨大意题。根据“the robot dog can see, listen and speak with blind people. It can help them during daily trips outside and be a “friend” at home. Blind people can also…”可知，第二段详细列举机器人导盲犬可以做些什么，故选C。 考向03 推理判断题 【2025·烟台·中考】 Presently, cold weather kills far more people in Europe than hot weather. But the study found that as temperatures continue to rise, deaths from cold weather will reduce over time. However, heat-related deaths are predicted to rise greatly. 12. What can we infer (推断) from the article? A．Temperatures in Europe are keeping on going up now. B．The whole of Europe will face the danger of hot weather. C．The study has researched enough actual climate activities. D．About 854 European cities are suffering from hot weather. 【答案】A 【解析】本文主要探讨了一项研究预测到本世纪末数百万欧洲人可能因高温而死亡的风险，并分析了不同地区的气候变化影响及应对策略。 12．推理判断题。根据“But the study found that as temperatures continue to rise, deaths from cold weather will reduce over time.”可知，研究发现气温持续升高。故选A。 【2025·济南·中考】 AI can be used to speed up the future of sustainable construction to set standards for the industry, and make construction more efficient and affordable. Like any other computer, AI is a tool that is particularly good at studying data sets, but for the moment it still requires smart and ethical (有道德的) human beings to lead its work. All of that has to be done with respect for humans, so it’s really up to us to make it work. 19．What does the writer suggest in the last paragraph? A．It’s difficult to develop AI. B．Humans’ future depends on AI. C．It’s humans’ duty to guide AI. D．Humans and AI should work together. 【答案】C 【解析】本文主要介绍人工智能在建筑业的应用。 19. 推理判断题。根据“Like any other computer, AI is a tool that is particularly good at studying data sets, but for the moment it still requires smart and ethical (有道德的) human beings to lead its work. All of that has to be done with respect for humans, so it’s really up to us to make it work.”可知，就像其他任何计算机一样，人工智能也是一种特别擅长处理数据集的工具，但目前它仍需要聪明且有道德意识的人类来引领其工作。所有这些工作都必须以尊重人类为前提，所以实际上要让其发挥作用，还得靠我们自己。由此可知，作者认为引导人工智能是人类的职责所在。故选C。 【2025·潍坊·中考】 That record-breaking bird is an African grey parrot named Apollo, who lives in Florida. He can identify things like books, bugs and socks. He has become popular on TikTok, where he has about 3 million followers. And a TikTok video of Apollo asking questions in 2023 has been watched 66 million times. 13. What can Apollo do according to paragraph 2? A. Eat harmful bugs. B．Put on socks. C．Communicate with people. D．Sing for his followers. 【答案】C 【解析】本文介绍了破吉尼斯纪录的非洲灰鹦鹉Apollo，通过其惊人的物品识别能力、抖音超高人气及主人因材施教的训练方式，展现了鹦鹉类动物的高级认知水平。 13. 推理判断题。根据“He can identify things like books, bugs and socks.”及“And a TikTok video of Apollo asking questions in 2023 has been watched 66 million times.”可知，第二段提到Apollo能识别物品并在抖音视频中提问，体现其与人互动能力。故选C。 考向04 猜测词义及指代关系题 【2025·济南·中考】 In a professional article, AI is praised as a tool for sustainable construction, “In recent years, AI has become a promising tool for construction. AI can examine a large number of data sets on weather conditions and help to make full use of building systems for energy efficiency, water protection and other goals.” 18．Which best explains the underlined word “promising” in paragraph 3? A．Facing challenges. B．Needing improving. C．Taking years to grow. D．Having a bright future. 【答案】D 【解析】本文主要介绍人工智能在建筑业的应用。 18. 词句猜测题。根据“In recent years, AI has become a promising tool for construction. AI can examine a large number of data sets on weather conditions and help to make full use of building systems for energy efficiency, water protection and other goals.”可知，人工智能能够分析大量有关天气状况的数据，并有助于充分利用建筑系统以实现节能、节水等目标。所以是极具前景，故选D。 【2025·枣庄·中考】 What’s the hottest social activity this spring? For many young people in China, it’s going foraging with friends. Going foraging is like a treasure hunt. It is a simple activity with a lot of fun! It does not need expensive tools. With just a pair of scissors, a basket and some bags, you can have fun in nature. You look around in places like forest and lakes to find different kinds of plants that you can eat. 14. What does the underlined part “going foraging” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Searching for wild vegetables and digging them. B．Looking for lakes and forest and protecting them. C．Hunting for treasures in the wild and keeping them. D．Enjoying yourself in nature and having a rest. 【答案】A 【解析】本文介绍了今年春天在中国年轻人中流行的“采野菜”社交活动。 14. 词义猜测题。根据“You look around in places like forest and lakes to find different kinds of plants that you can eat.”可知，“going foraging”指寻找可食用野生植物。故选A。 【2025·烟台·中考】 On the other hand, much of Scandinavia and Britain are predicted to see fewer cold-related deaths, largely because low temperatures are expected to be moderate. 14. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “moderate”? A．Freezing. B．Heated. C．Changeable. D．Comfortable. 【答案】B 【解析】本文主要探讨了一项研究预测到本世纪末数百万欧洲人可能因高温而死亡的风险，并分析了不同地区的气候变化影响及应对策略。 15. 词句猜测题。根据“On the other hand, much of Scandinavia and Britain are predicted to see fewer cold-related deaths, largely because low temperatures are expected to be moderate.”可知，另一方面，预计斯堪的纳维亚半岛和英国的大部分地区与寒冷有关的死亡人数将减少，主要是因为预计低温将会变得温和或舒适。因此，“moderate” 在此处最接近的意思是“Comfortable”。故选D。 考向05 篇章结构体 【2025·临沂·中考】 The Taklimakan Desert is the largest desert in China. It is about 337,600 square kilometers in the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang. The dry environment makes it difficult for life there. Sandstorms often happen, and the moving sand seriously influences the lives of local people and the natural environment in this area. However, the Chinese government and people have been making much effort to control the desert. Here are some of scientific and effective ways they have used. One of the main ways is to build a tree belt (带) around the desert...... Biological ways are also widely used. For example, people grow special plants that can grow well with little water, like huyang, suosuo, shabang and so on...... And the method of using solar power generation (太阳能发电) has been used too...... Great changes have already taken place. The natural environment around the desert has been improved greatly. The local economy has also been developed rapidly. The success in the control of this desert shows: as long as we have a strong will and use scientific methods, we can protect the environment and build a better future for both people and nature. 12. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (P= Paragraph) A． B． C． 【答案】B 【解析】本文主要探讨了一项研究预测到本世纪末数百万欧洲人可能因高温而死亡的风险，并分析了不同地区的气候变化影响及应对策略。 12. 篇章结构题。文章第一段引出中国政府和人民努力治理塔克拉玛干沙漠并提到一些科学有效的方法；第二、三、四段分别介绍了这些方法；第五段总结治理取得的成就。因此文章的结构是“总—分—总”。故选B。 【2025·滨州·中考】 Being overweight (超重) is harmful to health. It can increase the risk of diseases (疾病) such as heart problems and high blood pressure. China has made a three-year weight management plan to help people control weight. So, do you know how to manage your weight? Both what you eat and how you eat are very important...... Exercise is as crucial as eating...... What’s more, some cities have already set up special “weight management clinics (门诊)” in hospitals...... Experts remind us that weight management is not a short-term goal. It’s a lifelong habit. Let’s work together for a healthier future. 15．Which of the following best shows the structure of this passage? (①= Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph2…) A． B． C． D． 【答案】D 【解析】本文主要介绍了中国制定的三年体重管理计划，包括健康的饮食习惯、科学的锻炼计划以及其他方面的支持，强调体重管理是终身习惯。 15. 篇章结构题。文章第一段提出超重危害健康及中国的体重管理计划，引出体重管理的话题；第二、三段分别从饮食和运动两方面介绍具体方法；第四段补充医院门诊、学校、家庭等多方支持及AI 技术的应用；最后一段总结体重管理是终身习惯。因此结构为“总起（①）— 分述（②③④）— 总结（⑤）”。故选D。 题●型●训●练 基础过关 （一） （2025·山东潍坊·三模） Tune (曲调) : Pride of Fishermen When autumn comes to the frontier, the scene (风景) looks drear, South-bound wild geese won’t stay E’en for a day. An uproar rises with horns blowing far and near. Walled in by peaks, smoke rises straight At sunset over isolate town with fastened gate. I hold a cup of wine, yet home is far ▲ , The Northwest is not won and I’m obliged to stay. At the flutes’ doleful sound Over frost-covered ground, None fall asleep, The general’s hair turns white and soldiers weep. Fan Zhongyan (989-1052) was famous for his work Notes on the Yueyang Tower. Its line “To be the first in the country to worry about the affairs of the state and the last to enjoy oneself is often used. Fan was not just a ci composer (词人) , but also a famous statesman (政治家) . In the early Song Dynasty (960-1279), ci composers usually wrote about love and court (宫廷) life. But Fan Zhongyan’s ci included different topics. He focused on the life of soldiers. Pride of Fishermen is a good example. Based on the writer’s own experience, this ci shows the hard life soldiers had and their homesickness (思乡). At the time, Fan led an army to fight against the Western Xia, which was to the northwest of Song. As he grew up in Suzhou, much farther south, he couldn’t get used to the weather. That’s why the first line of the piece uses the word “drear”. The following lines in the first part describe more about the hardship. For example, the isolated town was in great danger. The second part shows how much Fan and the soldiers missed home. However, the ci doesn’t only focus on homesickness. Instead, it mixes both patriotic (爱国的) love with homesickness, creating a sad but real poetic atmosphere (氛围) . 1．What is the Chinese for the tune of this ci? A．摸鱼儿 B．渔父 C．渔家傲 D．渔歌子 2．The suitable word which can be put in the seventh line ( ▲ ) of this ci is ________. A．near B．straight C．way D．away 3．From this ci, we know Fan Zhongyan ________. A．was good at fighting and guiding. B．owned deep feeling for soldiers and homeland C．played an important role in Song’s history D．was a great ci composer and a famous statesman 4．What’s the main idea of the piece? A．The hard life and the patriotic love of soldiers. B．The anger to the enemy and the war. C．Sadness and disappointment to the emperor. D．Deeply missing families and hometown. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了范仲淹的词《渔家傲》，表达了军人的艰苦生活和对国家的热爱。 1．推理判断题。由文中“Tune (曲调) : Pride of Fishermen”知，这首词的中文名是《渔家傲》，故选C。 2．词句猜测题。由句中“I hold a cup of wine”和“yet home is far...”知，此句是说我端着一杯酒，家却遥远。far away“遥远”，故选D。 3．细节理解题。由倒数第二段“The second part shows how much Fan and the soldiers missed home.”和最后一段可知，从这首词中，范仲淹对军人和祖国有着深厚的感情，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“The following lines in the first part describe more about the hardship.”和最后一段“Instead, it mixes both patriotic (爱国的) love with homesickness, creating a sad but real poetic atmosphere (氛围).”知，这首词主要表达了军人的艰苦生活和对国家的热爱，故选A。 （二） （2025·山东德州·三模） If you are 13—18 years old and want to improve your English by studying abroad, Nacel, a great organization (组织), will help you enter high schools in the USA． In order to succeed in completing the following exchange (交流) programs, you must have a high English language level, a strong ability to live far away from home and a great interest in experiencing a new culture. You will be able to choose from a short-time experience (a few weeks) to a school term or a school year. International School Program Besides offering common subjects of other high schools, this program offers STEM subjects, giving students the chance to develop skills and knowledge in the areas of science, technology, engineering, and math. For international students, English lessons are offered after school. Private High School Program We offer all private high schools across the country. You can choose any city you want to go to. For the program, students will be required to have a good score in our English exam and to attend an interview performed by one of our program staff (工作人员). Homestay Program Live in an American family in the USA! The homestay program offers teenagers chances to experience the everyday life of a host family in the USA．Our wonderful hosts will help you to know the local community as soon as possible. To find more information, please click Here or: Phone: 001-651-315-7880 Email: naceltravel@google.com 1．What is Nacel? A．A website. B．An organization. C．A program. D．An American teacher. 2．Who will probably attend the programs? A．A．French boy who can hardly speak English. B．A Chinese girl who doesn't want to leave home. C．A German girl who is interested in American culture. D．An American boy who is studying at a college in New York. 3．What is special about the International School Program? A．Its STEM subjects. B．Its international students. C．Its after-school clubs. D．Its common subjects of high school. 4．Which of the following is TRUE about the Homestay Program? A．It requires students to have an interview. B．It helps students get into any private high school. C．It helps students know about Americans' daily life. D．Its staff will take students to know the local community. 5．This passage is ________. A．to give advice on English learning B．to introduce American education C．to help students know about American culture D．to get students to join the programs 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一则宣传材料，介绍了Nacel组织为13—18岁青少年提供的赴美学习英语的几个项目，包括国际学校项目、私立高中项目和寄宿家庭项目，旨在吸引学生参加。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Nacel, a great organization, will help you…”可知，Nacel是一个组织。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“…you must have a high English language level, a strong ability to live far away from home and a great interest in experiencing a new culture.”可知，适合参加该项目的应是有较好英语能力、能适应离家生活、对新文化感兴趣的青少年，四个选项中只有C项“对美国文化感兴趣的德国女孩”符合条件。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据International School Program部分“…offers STEM subjects, giving students the chance to develop skills and knowledge in the areas of science, technology, engineering, and math.”可知，该项目的特点是开设STEM课程。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据Homestay Program部分“…offers teenagers chances to experience the everyday life of a host family in the USA.”可知，寄宿家庭项目的目的是让学生了解美国家庭的日常生活。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文的目的是介绍Nacel组织的几个赴美交流项目，并鼓励学生参加。故选D。 （三） （2025·山东济宁·三模） Some cool inventions are listed in Science Magazine’s 25 best inventions these years. They are “making the world better, smarter and in some cases, a little more fun”, according to the magazine’s website. Do you want to learn more about some of the inventions? Let’s find out. Spark is a new type of drones (飞行器) made by a Chinese company in Shenzhen called DJI. It can help people take photos and videos. Spark might be the smallest drone ever made. When folded, it is as small as a can of cola. The coolest part is that users can control the small drone just by using hand gestures. For example, if you wave your hand from left to right, the drone will fly in the same direction. When you want it to land, you just put your hand out. The drone will come to you and land on your hand. Robots may not be good communicators. But Jibo, made by US company Jibo Inc, may be different. With a big, round head and round, fat body. Jibo looks like a cartoon character. As soon as you say, “Hey, Jibo.” It will smile, dance and turn to face you. When it talks to you, it moves its head and body naturally to communicate with you. Although it has no eyes or mouth, Jibo uses animated icons (生动的表情), such as a smile icon, to show feelings. Right now, Jibo can only do some basic things, like taking photos or reading the news to you. But it may learn to do more in the future. There have been many great inventions that changed the way we live and work. This is certainly just a beginning. New inventions will someday allow us to do things we have never dreamed of. 1．According to the passage, which of the following best describes Spark? A．It might be bigger than any other drones. B．It is controlled by using hand gestures. C．It can only fly towards the same direction. D．It is created by a US company. 2．What do the two inventions have in common? A．Both of them are made by Chinese companies. B．Both of them have big bodies. C．Both of them can fly in the sky. D．Both of them can help us take photos. 3．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage? (P= Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 4．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) to Jibo? A．Doubtful. B．Hopeful. C．Awful. D．Thankful. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了《科学杂志》评选的25项最佳发明中的两项：Spark无人机和Jibo机器人。 1．细节理解题。根据“The coolest part is that users can control the small drone just by using hand gestures”可知Spark是一种小型无人机，可以通过手势控制。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“It can help people take photos and videos.”以及“Right now, Jibo can only do some basic things, like taking photos or reading the news to you”可知Spark和Jibo都可以拍照。故选D。 3．篇章结构题。第一段引出话题；第二和第三段介绍了两个发明；第四段进行总结。故选A。 4．观点态度题。根据“Right now, Jibo can only do some basic things, like taking photos or reading the news to you. But it may learn to do more in the future.”可知作者认为Jibo在未来可以做更多事情，所以作者对它充满了希望。故选B。 （四） （2025·山东菏泽·三模） Computer scientist Mary has an idea for a new robot to help her work with children. How should it look? The robot should have arms to be able to lift things. And if it is going to communicate with people, it will also need a face. Scientists believe that giving a robot a face can make it seem more friendly. Humans would also like to pay more attention to robots with faces. But what kind? For Mary, she wants to make sure that her new robot doesn’t look too much like a human. She wants people to just treat it as a machine-person. If it looks more like a human than a machine, she thinks users might find it a bit creepy and feel afraid. Mary also believes that robot faces don’t need to look a lot like ours. Her research shows that we can enjoy communicating with robots whether or not they look like humans, because our brains are able to look for faces. Just put two circles on top of a robot’s body, and we will see a face. Dave feels differently. He believes that although at first we might be afraid when seeing a robot with a lifelike face, we may soon get used to it. If robots are going to work closely with humans, they should look as much like us as possible. After all, faces are an important part of the way we communicate. To make his robots look as much like real people as possible, Dave invented a special skin (皮肤) for their faces. With this skin, robots can show human-like expressions and appear to be angry, sad, happy or surprised. Dave’s robots are also programmed to copy expressions. How? Just imagine his robot is looking at you. The cameras in its eyes send pictures of your face to its central computer! 1．Why do scientists think a robot needs a face? A．It will become more beautiful. B．It can do better in lifting things. C．It can better communicate with people. 2．What does the underlined word “creepy” mean in paragraph 2? A．Uncomfortable to look at. B．Impossible to touch. C．Boring to talk to. 3．Which of the following would Dave most probably agree with? A．People should treat robots as humans. B．People can easily accept robots with a human face. C．Robots shouldn’t look too much like humans. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To explain the reasons why robots should have faces. B．To suggest what humans can do with robots with faces. C．To share ideas on what kind of faces robots should have. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了机器人是否应该有一张类似人脸，并展示了不同科学家的观点和论据。 1．细节理解题。根据“And if it is going to communicate with people, it will also need a face. Scientists believe that giving a robot a face can make it seem more friendly”可知，科学家认为机器人需要一张脸是为了更好地与人交流。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“If it looks more like a human than a machine, she thinks users might find it a bit creepy and feel afraid”可知如果机器人看起来更像人类而不是机器，用户可能会觉得它有点不舒服并感到害怕，故此处划线部分意为“看起来不舒服”，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“Dave feels differently. He believes that although at first we might be afraid when seeing a robot with a lifelike face, we may soon get used to it”可知，戴夫相信人们可以逐渐接受有人类面孔的机器人，而不会害怕。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。文章通过展示玛丽和戴夫的不同观点，探讨了机器人面部设计的重要性和影响。选项C“分享关于机器人应该拥有什么样的面容的想法”符合语境，故选C。 （五） （2025·山东济南·三模） Huang Qingsui, a young man from the Zhuang ethnic group in Guangxi, is working to revive (复兴) traditional Chinese patterns. He spent five years traveling to many villages across Southwest China, collecting traditional patterns from local communities. In 2018, he set up an online database (数据库) of Chinese patterns. It started with about 3,000 patterns. Now, there are more than 30,000 designs with over 300 themes. The goal is to make it easier for designers to use traditional Chinese patterns into their work. Over time, Huang noticed that many designers were beginning to draw inspiration from their cultural roots. This motivated (激励) him to start the International Pattern Design Competition (WZD) in 2020. He hopes to have more products with Chinese patterns in the market. That will make traditional designs be seen by more people. The theme for the 2024 WZD is “China. Pattern”. It aims to share China’s spirit, culture and lifestyle with the world. In the view of Huang, patterns are like a “silent language” in traditional Chinese culture. They are pretty and meaningful designs. But as things become more modern and made in the same way, traditional patterns become less common in our daily lives. “Now, as our material and spiritual living standards improve, we are no longer satisfied with uniform products, opening up new opportunities (机遇) for the creative development of patterns,” Huang said. He wants to make traditional patterns cool and liked by everyone around the world. “Patterns can be understood by people from different places. I believe our traditional designs will become more popular abroad in the future,” he said. 1．What does Huang Qingsui try to revive? A．Modern uniform products. B．Southwestern communities. C．Traditional Chinese patterns. D．International competitions. 2．How many patterns were there in the online database at the very beginning? A．About 3,000. B．Less than 300. C．More than 30,000. D．About 300,000. 3．Why did Huang Qingsui start the International Pattern Design Competition? A．To attract more tourists to travel in China. B．To make traditional Chinese patterns well-known. C．To increase the number of patterns in his database. D．To develop the market in order to make more money. 4．According to the text, which of the following is TRUE? A．Huang Qingsui is from the Han ethnic group. B．People are now satisfied with uniform products. C．Traditional patterns are still very common in our daily lives. D．The 2024 WZD aims to share Chinese culture with the world. 5．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A science fiction. B．A design magazine. C．A travel guide. D．A sports newspaper. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了壮族人黄庆遂致力于收集中国传统花纹，通过建立在线数据库和举办国际花纹设计大赛，努力让这些传统花纹在现代设计中重获新生，并走向世界的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“Huang Qingsui, a young man from the Zhuang ethnic group in Guangxi, is working to revive (复兴) traditional Chinese patterns.”可知，黄庆遂的目标是复兴中国传统纹样。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“started with about 3,000 patterns”可知，初始约3000种纹样。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“He hopes to have more products with Chinese patterns in the market. That will make traditional designs be seen by more people. ”可知，他想增加市场中的中国纹样产品，并让更多人看到传统设计。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“The theme for the 2024 WZD is ‘China. Pattern’. It aims to share China’s spirit, culture and lifestyle with the world.”可知，2024大赛主题是分享“China’s spirit, culture and lifestyle”。故选D。 5．推理判断题。全文围绕传统纹样设计、文化传承与创新展开，涉及数据库建设、国际设计大赛等专业内容。选项B “设计杂志” 最符合主题专业性。故选B。 （六） （2025·山东淄博·二模） “You pretty, he ugly. You swan (天鹅), he frog (青蛙)!” Foreign people just love this funny English sentence going around the Chinese Internet. It all started when a foreign girl named Kris posted a sad photo online. It seemed that her boyfriend made her cry. Some nice Chinese people tried to cheer her up. They asked her to find someone better. Some made funny Chinglish to make her feel happy, such as “You swan, he frog”. This became a hit with foreigners. Many found it cool. They shared it a lot online and made funny pictures with it. “I need Chinese net users in my life who call the people that have hurt me frogs.” said a foreign Internet user, showing her love for the expression. Some of them wanted to know why Chinese people use “swan” and “frog” to describe this couple. After looking into it, they learned that it came from the famous old Chinese story of the beautiful swan and the ugly frog, and got interested in the Chinese stories behind Chinglish. In the past, people often corrected those who spoke Chinglish because it was full of grammar mistakes. However, with globalization (全球化), people from different countries can now share their ideas more often. Different styles of speaking English are becoming common and even accepted. English with local touches can also be popular. For example, the well-known “add oil” has now appeared in the Oxford dictionary and people use it widely. The phrase shows Chinese culture. “Once I understood the full meaning, it became much funnier. It’s great that more Chinese culture is being shared with the rest of the world.” said Cody, a young man from New Zealand, when asked about “You swan, he frog”. 1．Why did the sentence “You swan, he frog” become popular among foreigners? A．Because it is Chinglish. B．Because they found it easy to remember. C．Because it is full of grammar mistakes. D．Because they found it funny and cool. 2．What did some foreigners learn about the sentence “You swan, he frog”? A．The grammar rules behind it. B．The reasons why people love it. C．The old story behind it. D．The love behind it. 3．How has globalization changed the way we use English? A．By making English grammar stricter. B．By allowing more ways to speak English. C．By making fewer grammar mistakes. D．By caring little about grammar rules. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Chinese culture is widely known all over the world. B．Chinglish expressions are warmly welcomed by foreigners. C．“You swan, he frog” gets popular among foreigners. D．Foreigners love the stories behind Chinglish expressions. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中式英语表达“You swan, he frog”在外国网友中走红的现象，并探讨了全球化背景下语言多样性的接受趋势。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“‘You pretty, he ugly. You swan, he frog!’ Foreign people just love this funny English sentence…”和第二段“This became a hit with foreigners. Many found it cool.”可知，外国人喜欢这句话是因为它有趣且酷。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“After looking into it, they learned that it came from the famous old Chinese story of the beautiful swan and the ugly frog…”可知，外国人了解到这句话背后的中国古老故事。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“However, with globalization… Different styles of speaking English are becoming common and even accepted.”可知，全球化使英语的使用方式更加多样化。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。全文围绕“You swan, he frog”这一中式英语表达在外国网友中的走红展开，并延伸讨论语言多样性。C项最贴合文章核心内容。故选C。 （七） （2025·山东青岛·二模） It’s common to wonder sometimes, “What if something goes wrong?” It’s important to recognize that thought and manage it so that you don’t get stuck in the worry. Worrying about the future is a normal part of life. From time to time, everyone wonders what would happen if something doesn’t go to plan: “What if I make a mistake?” or “What if everyone laughs at me?”. These “what-if” worries focus on a negative result. When you spend a lot of time worrying about bad things that could happen, it’s called “catastrophising”. Spending a lot of time “what if-ing” makes you feel stressed. For example, you might feel nervous and unwell, which might make you not want to do things, and it can make it hard to focus on what you’re doing or what people are saying. There are different ways you can help yourself. Young people’s advisor Angela McMillan suggests creating an “If/then” plan. “For example,” she says, “IF you have to stand up in front of the class, THEN you will take three deep breaths and remind yourself you have prepared and you’re OK.” You can also recognize what you’re worrying about and then challenge it. Ask yourself how likely it is to actually happen. Try thinking about what could go right. For example, ask “What if I kick the ball on target (目标)?” instead of thinking “What if I miss the ball when I try to kick it?” McMillan points out that most worries never happen. “Remember they are thoughts and the bravest thing we can do is not to let the worry win,” she says. Try to focus your attention on what you’re doing. That could be the book you’re reading; the TV show you’re watching or the conversation you’re having. Getting cross with yourself will make you feel worse, so be kind to yourself. Think about how you would talk to a friend who is feeling worried—and then speak to yourself in that same way. 1．What does the word catastrophising in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Avoiding plans for the future. B．Imagining positive future events. C．Expecting the worst possible results. D．Comparing other people’s problems. 2．Why is the “If/Then” plan helpful? A．It makes risks disappear. B．It prepares actions for worries. C．It stops all bad thoughts. D．It gives quick answers to fears. 3．What does McMillan think of most worries? A．They usually come true. B．They hardly happen in fact. C．They help people prepare better. D．They make conversations easier. 4．Which follows the advice in the text? A．“What if I succeed?” B．“What if I miss the train?” C．“I am sure I will fail.” D．“I should be kind to everyone.” 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To list all possible future disasters. B．To prove that worries are always true. C．To teach helpful methods for managing worries. D．To encourage people to keep away from thinking. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文主要探讨了如何应对“灾难化思维”，并提供了具体的管理方法，如制定“如果/那么”计划、挑战消极想法等。 1．词义猜测题。根据“When you spend a lot of time worrying about bad things that could happen, it’s called “catastrophising”.”可知，当你花费大量时间担忧可能发生的坏事时，这种情况被称为“灾难化思维”，即“预计着最坏的结果”。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“Young people’s advisor Angela McMillan suggests creating an ‘If/then’ plan. ‘For example,’ she says, ‘IF you have to stand up in front of the class, THEN you will take three deep breaths and remind yourself you have prepared and you’re OK.’ You can also recognize what you’re worrying about and then challenge it.”可知，“如果/那么”计划，是为担忧提前准备行动方案。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“McMillan points out that most worries never happen.”可知，McMillan认为大多数担忧从未发生。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“Try thinking about what could go right. For example, ask ‘What if I kick the ball on target (目标)?’ instead of thinking ‘What if I miss the ball when I try to kick it?’”可知，建议用积极问题替代消极担忧，A“如果我成功了呢”与之相符。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文围绕“管理担忧”展开，提供具体方法。故选C。 能力进阶 （一） （2025·山东日照·三模） During the May Day holiday in China, something exciting happened. Many tourists who climbed tall mountains started using AI-powered robotic supports. These are like smart aids for their legs! This shows that China is moving forward in “smart tourism”. In Shandong, there is a famous mountain called Mount Tai, which is very tall, with a top over 1,500 meters and more than 7,000 steps. Instead of climbing all those steps on their own, many tourists chose to use robotic legs for help. These cool tools became so popular that there were long lines of people waiting to try them. Li, head of Taishan Cultural Tourism Group, mentioned that they began offering 10 of these supports in January and the number has grown to 500 by May! Renting these tools costs 80 yuan for three hours. It might seem a little bit expensive, but they help people climb faster and more easily. A 26-year-old man from Beijing named Yan used one and said, “I don’t want my legs to feel tired after climbing. These robotic legs make it much easier and more enjoyable!” Using high-tech tools to help in mountain climbing is becoming more and more popular. In Anhui, Huangshan Mountain also plans to introduce smart knee straps and walking sticks this month. These smart tools not only make climbing more interesting but also attract people’s attention to the use of new technology in our daily life. A travel website called Tuniu pointed out that AI-powered products can draw more young people to places of interest, providing greater development space for tourism industry and economy (经济). Wei, who started the website, said these tools will lower the risk of mountain climbing, and lead a new trend among people of all ages. The widespread use of robotic supports shows that China is moving forward in “smart tourism” and technology is not about replacing humankind, but about expanding the possibility of humankind experiencing nature. In the future, human-machine collaboration (协作) will meet the growing travel needs of visitors and continue to bring us new surprises. 1．What tools did many tourists use while climbing Mount Tai according to the passage? A．Robotic supports. B．Smartphones. C．Paper maps. D．Ropeways. 2．How did Wei feel about the introduction of high-tech tools on mountain climbing? A．Disappointed. B．Doubtful. C．Hopeful. D．Unsupported. 3．What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A．The developing process and types of robotic supports. B．The purpose and future of using robotic supports. C．The advantages and popularity of robotic supports. D．The doubts and costs of robotic supports. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of this passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2 …) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国“智慧旅游”的新趋势，聚焦于人工智能驱动的高科技装备在登山旅游中的应用与发展。 1．细节理解题。根据“Many tourists who climbed tall mountains started using AI-powered robotic supports.”可知，许多攀登高山的游客开始使用人工智能机器人支持。故选A。 2．观点态度题。根据“Wei, who started the website, said these tools will lower the risk of mountain climbing, and lead a new trend among people of all ages.”可知，该网站的创始人魏说，这些工具将降低登山的风险，并在各个年龄段的人群中引领一种新趋势。由此可知，魏认为引进高科技登山工具是非常有前景的，故选C。 3．段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，机器人支持的广泛使用扩大了人类体验自然的可能性，人机协作将满足游客日益增长的出行需求，并不断给我们带来新的惊喜。选项B“使用机器人支持的目的和未来。”符合段意，故选B。 4．篇章结构题。根据文章内容可知，第一段介绍了电动助力爬山工具的使用，第二段和第三段介绍了电动助力爬山工具的优点，第四段介绍了电动助力爬山工具的未来。故选A。 （二） （2025·宁夏·真题） There are two kinds of squirrels (松鼠) in the UK: the red squirrel and the grey squirrel. However, the population of red squirrels has become smaller since the last century. This is mainly because grey squirrels have made the life of red squirrels more difficult. Grey squirrels are bigger and stronger, so they are better at competing for food and areas to live. Grey squirrels also carry a virus (病毒). This virus doesn’t harm grey squirrels, but it can be dangerous for red squirrels. However, scientists have developed a system (系统) to help boost red squirrel numbers. And it uses artificial intelligence (AI). AI is a computer that has learned from experience and can do things that usually need human intelligence. The AI system has been trained to look at photos of squirrels and tell red squirrels from grey squirrels. The aim of the system is to help red squirrels by giving them more food, while stopping grey squirrel population from getting even bigger. To stop grey squirrel population getting bigger, the AI system can offer grey squirrels a kind of special food that stops them having babies. Scientists check the AI has recognized grey squirrels properly. What’s next? Scientists think the AI could also be taught to recognize squirrels by their whiskers (胡须). This could help scientists follow squirrels more closely. For example, if a red squirrel gets sick, the AI could let scientists know quickly. With the help of AI, the number of red squirrels might rise soon. “This isn’t just about squirrels,” Dr. Smith, a wildlife scientist, says. “It’s also about learning to protect wildlife with technology.” 1．What does the underlined word “boost” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Study. B．Count. C．Control. D．Increase. 2．What can the AI system do to protect red squirrels according to the passage? ①Give red squirrels more food. ②Recognize red squirrels in the photos. ③Help red squirrels look for new areas to live in. ④Give grey squirrels special food for population control. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 3．How does the writer begin Paragraph 3? A．By reporting a result. B．By giving an example. C．By asking a question. D．By using an old saying. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To show how technology helps save animals in danger. B．To compare the living habits of red and grey squirrels. C．To describe how AI helps scientists study squirrel whiskers. D．To explain why grey squirrels are dangerous for red squirrels. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了英国红松鼠因灰松鼠的竞争而濒危的现状，以及科学家开发的AI系统能够通过识别松鼠种类、控制食物分配等措施保护红松鼠种群。 1．词句猜测题。根据“This virus doesn’t harm grey squirrels, but it can be dangerous for red squirrels.”“However, scientists have developed a system (系统) to help boost red squirrel numbers.”和“With the help of AI, the number of red squirrels might rise soon”可知，这个系统有助于提高松鼠的数量，因此boost意为“提高”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“The aim of the system is to help red squirrels by giving them more food, while stopping grey squirrel population from getting even bigger.”可知，系统可以给红松鼠更多的食物（①）；根据“The AI system has been trained to look at photos of squirrels and tell red squirrels from grey squirrels.”可知，系统可以通过照片识别红松鼠（②）；根据“To stop grey squirrel population getting bigger, the AI system can offer grey squirrels a kind of special food that stops them having babies.”可知，系统可以为灰松鼠提供一种特殊的食物，阻止它们生育（④）。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“What’s next?”可知，文章通过提问开始第三段。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据“It’s also about learning to protect wildlife with technology.”可知，本文主要介绍了如何利用科技手段帮助濒危动物。故选A。 （三） （2025·浙江·真题） Plains wanderers are small, rare birds that live in grasslands. Unlike most birds, female plains wanderers are larger and stronger than males. Females take the lead in protecting their nests and babies from animals like foxes, while males often sit on the eggs to keep them warm. These birds are hard to find because their feathers blend into the grass, making them look like part of the landscape. Sadly, their numbers have been dropping because people are taking over their grassland homes for farms and cities. To save them, scientists are using AI. The key is the birds’ calls. Mother wanderers make soft sounds to talk to their chicks and warn about danger. These calls are quiet and easy to miss, but AI can hear them clearly. Scientists put microphones in the grasslands to record sounds all day and night. Then they put these recordings into a computer program. The AI learns to tell the wanderers’ calls apart from other noises, like the wind blowing or insects chirping. This helps scientists find where the mother birds are and how many chicks they have. “AI helps us monitor these birds without bothering them,” says Dr. Lee, who leads the project. “We can find the most important areas for them and work to protect those places.” Once, the AI helped scientists find a hidden nest with three baby birds. Without AI, they might not have found it. Thanks to this technology, there is new hope for these rare birds, showing that AI can be a powerful tool in saving wildlife. 1．What do we know about plains wanderers? A．Males are larger than females. B．They are easy to find in grasslands. C．Mother birds are bigger and protect babies. D．They are common in many habitats. 2．The underlined word “monitor” in the last paragraph probably means “________”. A．see B．catch C．feed D．follow 3．How do scientists use AI to find plains wanderers? A．By taking photos of their nests. B．By tracking their flying paths. C．By counting eggs in the grass. D．By analyzing calls from mother birds. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Why plains wanderers are rare. B．How mother wanderers protect their chicks. C．What AI can do in daily life. D．How scientists use AI to protect plains wanderers. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了濒危鸟类平原流浪鸟的独特习性及科学家利用AI技术保护该物种的创新方法。 1．细节理解题。根据“female plains wanderers are larger and stronger than males.”及“Females take the lead in protecting their nests and babies from animals”可知，母鸟体型较大，并会保护幼鸟，故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据“AI helps us monitor these birds without bothering them”“We can find the most important areas for them”“Once, the AI helped scientists find a hidden nest with three baby birds”可知，AI可以帮助人们监控到这些鸟的一些情况，所以划线单词与follow词义最相近，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Mother wanderers make soft sounds to talk to their chicks and warn about danger. These calls are quiet and easy to miss, but AI can hear them clearly.…This helps scientists find where the mother birds are and how many chicks they have.”可知，通过分析母鸟的叫声来寻找平原流浪鸟，故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Thanks to this technology, there is new hope for these rare birds, showing that AI can be a powerful tool in saving wildlife.”可判断，本文介绍了濒危鸟类平原流浪鸟的独特习性及科学家利用AI技术保护该物种的创新方法，故选D。 （四） （2025·江西宜昌·一模） Have you ever looked at a cat’s face and wondered what it is thinking? A team of scientists from the University of California might have some answers. In a fascinating new study, researchers discovered that cats use 276 different facial expressions to show their feelings—far more than we have ever imagined! ①________ The scientists visited a local cat cafe in Los Angeles for over several months to observe (观察) 53 cats. They recorded 194 minutes of videos, carefully watching how the cats communicate with each other. Using a special system called FACS (Facial Action Coding System), which is normally used to study human expressions, they identified 26 unique facial movements in cats. These movements—like licking (舔) their nose, opening their mouth, or widening their pupils (the black part of their eyes)—combine in different ways to create all those expressions. They also found cats use 26 of these facial movements in total, which can be mixed to express how they are feeling. Dogs use 27 facial movements and humans use a total of 44. ②________ Out of the expressions they recorded, 45% were friendly and 37% were angry. “A friendly cat moves its ears and whiskers forward while closing its eyes slowly—almost like a smile! However, an angry cat often flattens its ears to its head, makes its pupils smaller and licks its lips,” said the team. ③________ Although the researchers aren’t sure what the cats were trying to communicate with each other using their faces, they plan to study cats in other places to improve their understanding. They also hope that the research could help animal shelters (收容所) improve the way they look after the cats. Some pet owners even suggest the researchers develop an app that scans a cat’s face to explain its mood—like a “cat translator”. Next time your cat stares at you, pay attention—it might be “talking” with its face! 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By giving numbers. B．By telling a story. C．By showing some facts. D．By asking a question. 2．Which of the following uses the most facial movements? A．Cats. B．Humans. C．Dogs. D．Tigers. 3．Match the title with each part. a. Why Does This Matter?     b. Friendly Faces or Angry Faces? c. How Did They Study Cats?     d. Future Research on Cat Communication. A．①-a ②-b ③-d B．①-b ②-c ③-a C．①-c ②-b ③-d D．①-d ②-b ③-c 4．What might the scientists do next? A．Keep on studying to know more about cats. B．Find out why the cats try to communicate with each other. C．Build an animal shelter to look after cats. D．Use an app to study cats’ expressions. 5．What would be the best structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了加州大学科学家关于猫面部表情的研究，包括研究方法、猫面部表情的分类以及研究的意义和未来计划等。 1．细节理解题。根据“Have you ever looked at a cat’s face and wondered what it is thinking?”可知，作者通过提出问题“你是否曾经看着猫的脸并好奇它在想什么”来开始文章。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Dogs use 27 facial movements and humans use a total of 44.”可知，人类使用的面部动作最多，共44个，而猫使用26个，狗使用27个，文中未提及老虎。故选B。 3．推理判断题。①处下文主要介绍了科学家们如何研究猫的面部表情，包括观察猫、录制视频、使用FACS系统等，所以①处应匹配标题“How Did They Study Cats?”；②处下文主要介绍了记录的猫的表情中友好和愤怒的比例，以及友好和愤怒的猫的具体面部表现，所以②处应匹配标题“Friendly Faces or Angry Faces?”；③处下文主要介绍了这项研究的意义以及未来的研究计划，所以③处应匹配标题“Future Research on Cat Communication.”。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“Although the researchers aren’t sure what the cats were trying to communicate with each other using their faces, they plan to study cats in other places to improve their understanding.”可知，科学家们计划在其他地方继续研究猫，以提高他们的理解，即继续研究以更多地了解猫。故选A。 5．篇章结构题。文章第一段通过提出问题引出主题；第二、三、四段分别介绍了研究方法、猫面部表情的分类以及研究的意义；第五段介绍了未来的研究计划。所以文章结构为总分总，与C选项结构相符。故选C。 （五） （2025·山东临沂·二模） Fighting Food Waste The Chinese people have developed the habit of ordering more dishes than they can eat when inviting friends or relatives for dinner in a restaurant. If all the plates are empty at the end of the dinner, it would be considered a matter of shame for the host. Surveys show that, on average (平均), 93 grams of food is wasted by each person having dinner in a restaurant. This is about 12% of the food they order. For parties, the leftovers (剩饭) can be as high as 38% of the total dishes ordered. According to China Daily, as much as 35 million tons of grain (粮食) — that’s 6% of the total grain output in China — is wasted every year. Therefore, people came up with different ways to fight food waste. In 2013, the “Clean Your Plate” activity was started in China. Restaurant owners, food associations (食品协会), the public and different levels of governments all liked this activity. There are small papers on more and more restaurant tables. They tell diners to order only the food they can eat. And more waiters and waitresses will tell customers not to order more if they think the customers have ordered enough. Moreover, the awareness (意识) of reducing food waste is also increasing among customers. During the eight-day Spring Festival holiday in 2024, which is usually full of big meals, Liu Han, a 24-year-old in Beijing, tried not to waste food in many holiday get-togethers. Liu went out to eat with friends four times during the holiday. He planned each meal carefully to avoid food waste. He used restaurant review apps to find group-buying deals. He looked at the dishes on nearby tables to know the size of the dishes. He also asked the staff to make sure he didn’t order too much. Liu said, “People sometimes have big eyes but a small stomach.” All in all, what people do nowadays shows a great change from past years, because “saving face” often led to too much ordering. Food waste is a big problem. Every grain counts. If people all save food, we can make our world a better place. 1．What was considered a shame for the host in the past when having dinner in a restaurant? A．Ordering too many dishes. B．Not inviting enough friends. C．Having all the plates empty at the end of the dinner. 2．How does Paragraph 2 show the fact of food waste? A．By telling a story. B．By comparing facts. C．By listing numbers. 3．What does “People sometimes have big eyes but a small stomach” mean? A．People are always very hungry. B．People seem very hungry but can’t eat much. C．People have big eyes and a small stomach. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (P = Paragraph) A． B． C． 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文主要讲的是中国每年浪费的粮食数量惊人，所以开展节约粮食、减少浪费的活动，并大力宣传。 1．细节理解题。根据“If all the plates are empty at the end of the dinner, it would be considered a matter of shame for the host.”可知如果晚餐结束后所有盘子都是空的，这对主人来说是一种耻辱。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“This is about 12% of the food they order.”；“For parties, the leftovers (剩饭) can be as high as 38% of the total dishes ordered.”和“as much as 35 million tons of grain (粮食) — that’s 6% of the total grain output in China — is wasted every year.”可知第二段是通过列举数字来显示食物浪费的事实。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“He planned each meal carefully to avoid food waste.…He also asked the staff to make sure he didn’t order too much.”可知此处讲的是为了避免食物浪费，他会去了解菜的分量，还要求服务员确保他不会点太多。因为他认为大家似乎很饿，但又吃不下多少。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知第一段讲的是中国人请朋友或亲戚在餐厅吃饭时点菜的习惯；第二段主要讲的是食物浪费的现象；第三，四段讲的是“光盘行动”和采取行动避免浪费食物；第五段是总结。故选B。 （六） （2025·山东青岛·二模） A New and Exciting Hobby Pen spinning is becoming a popular hobby among teenagers around the world. It’s not just about twirling a pen, it’s an art form that combines skill, creativity, and speed. At first, pen spinning might seem simple. But as you watch experienced spinners, you’ll be amazed by their complex tricks. They can make the pen dance between their fingers, balancing it on the tip or even throwing it into the air and catching it perfectly. These tricks have cool names like “Charge”, “Around the World” and “Sonar”. Each trick requires lots of practice to master. Pen spinning isn’t just fun, it also helps improve focus and hand-eye coordination. When you try to control the pen, you need to focus hard. And the more you practice, the better you get at using your hands and eyes together. Many pen spinners share their videos online. Some of them have become internet stars, showing off their amazing skills to thousands of viewers. There are also pen spinning competitions where people from different places meet to show their best tricks and compete for prizes. So, if you’re looking for a new and exciting hobby, why not give pen spinning a try? All you need is a pen and a little patience. Who knows, maybe you’ll become the next pen spinning star! 1．What is pen spinning according to the passage? A．A way of writing quickly. B．An art form with skill and creativity. C．A game for making friends. D．A tool for studying better. 2．The underlined word “ twirling” in Paragraph 1 means ______. A．writing B．drawing C．spinning D．holding 3．How does pen spinning help people? A．It helps them make more money. B．It helps them become internet stars. C．It helps them improve focus and hand-eye coordination. D．It helps them win more competitions. 4．Where can people see pen spinners’ amazing skills? A．Only at school. B．Only in competitions. C．In the park. D．On the Internet and in competitions. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to spin a pen. B．Famous pen spinners. C．The history of pen spinning. D．Pen spinning as an interesting hobby. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了转笔这项新兴且令人兴奋的爱好。 1．细节理解题。根据“It’s not just about twirling a pen, it’s an art form that combines skill, creativity, and speed.”可知，转笔是一种结合技巧、创造力和速度的艺术形式，故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Pen spinning is becoming a popular hobby ... It’s not just about twirling a pen”可知，twirling在这里和pen spinning意思相近，意为“旋转”，spinning符合，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Pen spinning isn’t just fun, it also helps improve focus and hand-eye coordination.”可知，转笔能帮助人们提高专注力和手眼协调能力，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Many pen spinners share their videos online ... There are also pen spinning competitions where people ... show their best tricks”可知，人们可以在网上和比赛中看到转笔者的惊人技巧，故选D。 5．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了转笔作为一种有趣的爱好，包括它是什么、技巧、好处以及展示途径等，所以主要讲的是转笔作为一项有趣的爱好，故选D。 （七） （2025·山东泰安·一模） At present, with the continuous popularity of rural tourism, nightlife no longer belongs to cities. Xiazhang Town’s Shangwang Village has lighted its night time economy by blending cultural heritage (遗产) with tourism. This early spring, the village hosted a four-day Intangible Cultural Heritage Food Festival (非物质文化遗产美食节), attracting crowds of visitors. The village square was alive with bright lights and colourful activities, such as food stalls, carnival games (狂欢游戏), inflatable castles (充气城堡), and go-karts (卡丁车). “We came during the weekend for our children to experience different delicious food and let the kids play—The kids are having a wonderful time and endless fun!" said local visitor Niu Jing. The most exciting highlights were the traditional “iron flower” and “fire wheel” performances. Many tourists caught these breathtaking moments on their phones. “I traveled from Qingdao just to see this——it’s my first time, and it’s wonderful! I came specifically to see the iron flower show after hearing about it. The first-time experience was truly great and fantastic.” said tourist Wang Cheng from Qingdao. “Our festival not only shows traditional food but also improves intangible cultural heritage, raising our village’s looks,” said Wang Feng, the village’s Party secretary. “We’ll show these events to enrich rural tourism and support local development.” By combining (结合，融合) night markets with folk performances, Shangwang Village is pioneering a new model for rural revitalization (乡村振兴)。 1．How long did the Intangible Cultural Heritage Food Festival last? A．Two days. B．Three days. C．Four days. D．A week. 2．What was the most exciting part of the event? A．Food stalls B．Carnival games C．“Iron flowe” and “fire wheel” shows D．Inflatable castles 3．Why did tourist Wang Cheng travel to Shangwang Village? A．To taste local snacks. B．To watch the traditional “iron flower” performance. C．To play carnival games with children. D．To learn about modern art exhibitions. 4．What is the main purpose of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Food Festival in Shangwang Village? A．To build more modern amusement facilities (设施)。 B．To combine cultural heritage with tourism for rural revitalization. C．To take the place of traditional performances with new technologies. D．To attract foreign tourists over the world to experience city nightlife. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了商王村通过非物质文化遗产美食节来振兴乡村。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“This early spring, the village hosted a four-day Intangible Cultural Heritage Food Festival, attracting crowds of visitors.”可知，非物质文化遗产美食节持续四天。故选C。   2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The most exciting highlights were the traditional ‘iron flower’ and ‘fire wheel’ performances.”可知，最令人兴奋的部分是“铁花”和“火轮”表演。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“I came specifically to see the iron flower show after hearing about it.”可知，是为了看铁花表演。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘Our festival not only shows traditional food but also improves intangible cultural heritage, raising our village’s looks,’ said Wang Feng, the village’s Party secretary. ‘We’ll show these events to enrich rural tourism and support local development.’ ”可知，商王村举办非物质文化遗产美食节的主要目的是改善乡村旅游和当地发展。故选B。 真题实战 （一） （2025·山东菏泽·中考） Imagine growing fuel (燃料) on trees or getting it from rubbish. Imagine cars that run on air or produce water, not pollution! All around the world, people are making surprising new fuels. Biogas is made from plants or natural waste by living things called bacteria (细菌). People can use animal and food waste to make biogas. Bacteria break the waste down in a special container (容器), and the gas (气体) is used for cooking and lights. Just one kilogram of waste produces enough biogas to make a light work for four hours. In Sweden, they even make biogas for cars from toilet waste! Biofuels are made from fuels that grow. It is great because we make it from the waste parts of plants that we already grow for food. The newest biofuels are made from very small living things called algae (藻类). Algae produce more energy than other biofuels, and they can grow in places where we do not grow food, like seas and wasteland. In Brazil, cars and buses have used bioethanol for years. The cleanest fuel is hydrogen (氢). When hydrogen burns, it just makes water, but this gas is difficult to produce. In 2010, engineers invented a machine which uses energy from the sun to make hydrogen. Other people are trying to use bacteria to make it. These “clean” ways of making hydrogen are still very new. If they become cheaper, we may all drive hydrogen cars in the future. Every year, scientists are inventing new ways to make super fuels from the things around us. Which energy technologies will we use most in the future? We do not know the answer to this question exactly. But we do know that we are starting to build a future without fossil fuels. 1．What is Biogas made from? A．Energy from the sun. B．Plants or natural waste. C．Small living things called algae. 2．Which of the following is the cleanest fuel? A．Biogas. B．Biofuels. C．Hydrogen. 3．What could be the best title of the passage? A．Super Fuels B．New Bacteria C．Special Containers 4．Which is the best structure (结构) of the passage? (P1=Paragraph 1…) A． B． C． 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是说明文，主要介绍了几种新型燃料，包括沼气、生物燃料、氢燃料等，讲述它们的制作原料、特点等内容。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“Biogas is made from plants or natural waste by living things called bacteria.”，可知沼气的制作原料是植物或自然废弃物，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第4段“The cleanest fuel is hydrogen.”，可知最清洁的燃料是氢，故选C。 3．最佳标题题。文章围绕沼气、生物燃料、氢燃料等新型燃料展开介绍，“Super Fuels（超级燃料）”能概括文章主要内容，故选A。 4．篇章结构题。文章第1段总述世界各地人们在制造新型燃料；第2—4段分别介绍沼气、生物燃料、氢燃料；第5段总结科学家在发明制造超级燃料的新方法，未来会构建无化石燃料的未来，是“总—分—总”结构，与B选项结构相符，故选B。 （二） （2025·山东菏泽·中考） Scientists in Australia have used Artificial Intelligence (AI) to help them locate (定位) an endangered bird called the Plains-wanderer. This new information will help scientists protect the rare (稀有的) birds. The Plains-wanderer is a small bird that lives in Australia’s grasslands. They play an important role in controlling insects and spreading seeds, which helps create healthier habitats (栖息地) for other native wildlife in Australia. The birds were once common in eastern Australia. But that’s changed, as grasslands have been turned into farms and cities. Zoos Victoria, the group behind the recent effort to locate Plains-wanderers, says the birds’ numbers have fallen by over 85% in recent decades. Scientists believe there are now only 250 to 1,000 of the birds left in the wild. To protect these rare birds, Zoos Victoria first had to learn where they were. Female Plains-wanderers make an unusual “Ooom” call, and this was the key to locating them. The researchers set up 35 special recording devices (装置) called "song meters" in nine different grassy areas, where Plains-wanderers could possibly have been. The song meters collected tens of thousands of hours of recordings-far more than humans could analyze (分析). Then the researchers fed the recordings to an AI system trained to identify (识别) the calls of Plains-wanderers. The AI system discovered Plains-wanderer calls coming from two of the sites. After that, the scientists double-checked and found that the AI system was correct. Chris Hartnett, who works with Zoos Victoria, says the discovery is “huge”. And it is the first time in over 30 years that the Plains-wanderer has been found west of Melbourne. The new information of Plains-wanderers will help scientists protect the birds. The team plans to work with the land owners to help protect the birds, and the grasslands they depend on. Now, the researchers are still “listening”—using song meters and AI to try to locate more of the Plains-wanderers. 1．Where do the Plains-wanderers live? A．In Australia's grasslands. B．In Victoria Zoo. C．In the city of Melbourne. 2．Why are the Plains-wanderers endangered? A．They are too small to live in Australia’s grasslands. B．Their habitats have been turned into farms and cities. C．They play an important role in protecting native wildlife. 3．What is the right order of locating the Plains-wanderers? ①collect enough recordings    ②use AI to identify the calls ③set up recording devices        ④double-check the discovery A．①②③④ B．②③④① C．③①②④ 4．What will the researchers do next according to the passage? A．Use song meters to help make AI more intelligent. B．Work with the land owners to help grow rice better. C．Locate more Plains-wanderers to help protect them. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了澳大利亚科学家利用人工智能技术定位濒危鸟类Plains-wanderer，并探讨其保护措施。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第1段“The Plains-wanderer is a small bird that lives in Australia’s grasslands.”可知，这种鸟的栖息地是草原。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“But that’s changed, as grasslands have been turned into farms and cities.（但随着草原被开垦为农场和城市，情况发生了变化）”可知，栖息地减少是导致其濒危的主要原因。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第3段描述的顺序：“set up 35 special recording devices（安装35个录音装置）”→“collected tens of thousands of hours of recordings（收集数万小时录音）”→“fed the recordings to an AI system（将录音输入AI系统分析）”→“double-checked and found...（人工复核确认）”，正确顺序为③→①→②→④。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Now, the researchers are still ‘listening’...to try to locate more of the Plains-wanderers.（研究人员仍在通过录音装置和AI技术寻找更多Plains-wanderer）”可知，下一步计划是扩大定位范围以保护该物种。 故选C。 （三） （2025·山东滨州·中考） Do you not see the Yellow River come from the sky, rushing into the sea and never returning? This poem describes a very beautiful scene of the Yellow River. The Yellow River is the cradle of China’s civilization (中华文明的摇篮). It’s in northern China. It runs through nine provinces from west to east. It looks like the Chinese character “几”. It is the second longest river in China, and the fifth longest in the world. The Yellow River is also called the “mother river of China”. So flood (洪水) control and prevention have always been the key to the happy lives of people. Now, scientists can better solve these problems by giving the river a digital (数字) twin. The Yellow River’s digital twin uses new technologies such as big data (数据), AI and Internet of things to collect and send the information to the control center. According to the information, a 3D model of the river is shown on the computer screen, and it reflects the real conditions of the Yellow River. It’s like the Yellow River has a twin. One big success in the Yellow River’s protection is “smart stones”. They are put in important places along the river to record the movement of the river. As soon as smart stones feel the unusual movement of the river, they’ll send an alarm to the control center at once. In this way, the government can take action to protect the Yellow River in time. And in the sky, drones (无人机) are flying to survey the flood prevention projects. Thanks to the drones, scientists can get the information about the Yellow River in time. Under the water and up in the sky, intelligent devices (设备) are helping to protect the Yellow River. In the future, we’ll try our best to create better ways for the mother river’s protection. 1．According to the map, the “sea” in Paragraph 1 refers to _________. A．the Yellow Sea B．the Bohai Sea C．the South China Sea D．the East China Sea 2．How does the writer introduce the Yellow River in Paragraph 2? A．By listing numbers. B．By telling a story. C．By comparing opinions. D．By asking questions. 3．The intelligent devices are mentioned in the passage EXCEPT _________. A．drones B．smart stones C．intelligent cars D．a digital twin 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．The Yellow River runs through nine provinces. B．The digital twin only uses big data to make a 3D model. C．Smart stones can feel the unusual movement of the river. D．Drones help to get the information about the Yellow River. 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．The Location of the Yellow River B．Beautiful Scenes of the Yellow River C．A Poem of Praising the Yellow River D．New Ways of Protecting the Yellow River 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了黄河作为中华文明的摇篮和中国的母亲河，其保护工作的重要性以及科学家们采用的新技术，如数字双胞胎、智能石头和无人机等，来更好地保护黄河。 1．推理判断题。根据“It runs through nine provinces from west to east. It looks like the Chinese character ‘几’. It is the second longest river in China, and the fifth longest in the world.”以及地理常识可知，黄河注入渤海，所以第一段中的“sea”指的是渤海。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“It runs through nine provinces from west to east. It looks like the Chinese character ‘几’. It is the second longest river in China, and the fifth longest in the world.”可知，作者在第二段通过列举数字来介绍黄河。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Now, scientists can better solve these problems by giving the river a digital (数字) twin.”、“One big success in the Yellow River’s protection is ‘smart stones’.”以及“And in the sky, drones (无人机) are flying to survey the flood prevention projects.”可知，文中提到的智能设备包括数字双胞胎、智能石头和无人机，没有提到智能汽车。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“The Yellow River’s digital twin uses new technologies such as big data (数据), AI and Internet of things to collect and send the information to the control center. According to the information, a 3D model of the river is shown on the computer screen, and it reflects the real conditions of the Yellow River.”可知，数字双胞胎不仅使用大数据，还使用人工智能和物联网等技术来制作3D模型，所以B选项“数字双胞胎只使用大数据来制作3D模型”是错误的。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。文章主要介绍了黄河的保护措施，包括数字双胞胎、智能石头和无人机等新技术的应用，所以最佳标题是“保护黄河的新方法”。故选D。 （四） （2025·山东聊城·中考） China is actively working to help people control their weight and live healthier lives. The government started a three-year weight-control plan from 2024 to 2027 to fight against obesity. Obesity can cause serious health problems like diabetes (糖尿病) and heart disease. Here’s what you should know about the new guidelines (指导纲领). First, it’s important to check your BMI (身体质量指数). For adults (成年人), a healthy BMI is between 18.5 and 24. If your BMI is between 24 and 28, you are overweight. 28 or above means obesity. Both eating well and exercise are important. Choose healthy foods like brown rice, fresh vegetables, fish, chicken and beans. Stay away from fried and sugary treats (甜食), and also eat less salt and oil. Surprisingly, local favorites like Northeast China’s stewed fish (炖鱼) and Northwest China’s chili-oil noodles (油泼面) are part of the healthy eating list. For exercise, try to do 150—300 minutes of activities like walking or dancing weekly, and do strength training twice a week. For example, if you study for long, stand up and exercise for 3—5 minutes every hour. Shanghai schools now make sure students exercise for at least two hours daily. Small daily habits can also make a big difference. Teens (青少年) should get eight hours’ sleep every night because bad sleep can make you increase weight. Try to eat vegetables first, then meat, and finally rice or bread during a meal to control how much you eat. In short, small changes like choosing water instead of cola or taking stairs can lead to a healthier you. 1．If a man’s BMI is ________, it means he is healthy. A．22. 5 B．25 C．28 D．33 2．What does the underlined word “obesity” mean in Chinese? A．疾病 B．失眠 C．肥胖 D．孤独 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Eat fried and sugary treats. B．Take stairs instead of taking lifts. C．Try to eat rice first, then meat and finally vegetables. D．Schools all over China now make sure students get two hours’ exercise a day. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Only developing daily habits. B．Better eating and less exercise. C．Paying no attention to your BMI. D．Helping Chinese control weight and live healthier lives. 5．The passage above can probably be found in the part of ________ in a newspaper. A．Culture B．Health C．Business D．Technology 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国政府为帮助人们控制体重、过上更健康的生活而采取的措施，包括新的指导纲领中关于BMI、饮食、运动和日常习惯等方面的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“For adults (成年人), a healthy BMI is between 18.5 and 24.”可知，对于成年人来说，健康的BMI指数在18.5到24之间，因此如果一个男人的BMI是22.5，意味着他是健康的。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“For adults (成年人), a healthy BMI is between 18. 5 and 24. If your BMI is between 24 and 28, you are overweight. 28 or above means obesity.”可知，对于成年人来说，健康的BMI指数在18.5到24之间，如果你的BMI指数在24到28之间，你就是超重，28或以上就是肥胖，因此obesity意为“肥胖”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“In short, small changes like choosing water instead of cola or taking stairs can lead to a healthier you.”可知，选择走楼梯而不是乘电梯是正确的健康建议。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“China is actively working to help people control their weight and live healthier lives.”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了中国政府为帮助人们控制体重、过上更健康的生活而采取的措施。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据“China is actively working to help people control their weight and live healthier lives.”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了中国政府为帮助人们控制体重、过上更健康的生活而采取的措施，因此文章可能出现在报纸的健康版块。故选B。 （五） （2025·山东临沂·中考） Nowadays, there are many great inventions around us. They make our lives better in amazing ways. One of them is called “Tianmouc”—the world’s first smart chip (芯片) that works like our eyes and brains. A team from Tsinghua University made it! Tianmouc gets an idea by how our human eyes and brains work together. First, our eyes see things around us. Then, our brains understand them. Tianmouc does something similar! It uses special sensors (传感器) to break down what it sees into tiny parts. Then, Tianmouc puts them together in two ways. One is by seeing colors and details clearly as if we read a book. The other is by reacting (回应) to sudden changes quickly, just like we catch a ball. Tianmouc is really powerful. It can do things that traditional chips can’t. For example, it’s able to collect what it sees at a very high speed of 10,000 frames (帧) per second. In some ways, it sees things more exactly than our eyes. The chip can work well in different light conditions—no matter how bright or dark the light is. All of these are achieved with very little power or energy. Tianmouc has a big influence on our daily life. For self-driving cars, they need to “see” the road clearly and react quickly to any danger. Tianmouc can notice sudden changes quickly, like a child running across the road or a car suddenly cutting in. For the cameras, they will react faster by catching any unusual movement in the future. Inventions like Tianmouc show how creative the humans can be! They are making our lives more convenient and safer. Who knows what amazing inventions we’ll see next? 1．What do we know about “Tianmouc”? A．It’s a new type of cameras that can react faster. B．It’s a special sensor for self-driving cars to see and react quickly. C．It’s the world’s first smart chip working like human eyes and brains. 2．From Paragraph 2, we know ______. A．how Tianmouc works B．how Tianmouc helps us C．what makes Tianmouc special 3．What does the writer mean by asking “Who knows what amazing inventions we’ll see next?”? A．The writer doubts if there will be new inventions. B．The writer believes more amazing inventions will appear. C．The writer thinks inventions will mainly make cars faster. 4．Where is the passage probably from? A．A travel ad. B．A health guide. C．A science magazine. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了“天眸芯”这项发明。 1．细节理解题。根据“One of them is called ‘Tianmouc’—the world’s first smart chip (芯片) that works like our eyes and brains. A team from Tsinghua University made it!”可知，天眸芯是世界上首款能像我们的眼睛和大脑一样工作的智能芯片。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“Tianmouc gets an idea by how our human eyes and brains work together.”并结合全段内容可知，第二段介绍了天眸芯是如何运作的。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“Inventions like Tianmouc show how creative the humans can be! They are making our lives more convenient and safer. Who knows what amazing inventions we’ll see next?”可推知，作者相信将会出现更多惊人的发明。故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了“天眸芯”这项发明。故可推知，本文可能来自于科学杂志。故选C。 （六） （2025·山东日照·中考） A nudge is a gentle push. Sometimes it’s a physical push. A person might nudge a friend to make him move out of the way, or a parent might nudge a child to get her to say thank you for a gift. Sometimes a nudge is a mental (心理) push. A boss might nudge workers to work faster by reminding them that a deadline (最后期限) is coming up. In design terms, nudges usually have two characteristics. First, they make one choice seem more attractive and useful than the others. Second, design nudges don’t say clearly what the best choice is. They just suggest it in an indirect way. We can see many examples where nudges help people choose what’s good for them. Take students as an example. Nudges can encourage them to give up negative behaviors, such as eating junk food at lunch, and develop positive ones. Studies show that most people take the first three foods they see more often than other foods. Schools can use this information to nudge students to eat better by putting healthier food choices at the front of the line and unhealthy ones at the end. Giving food nicer names can also change student choices. “Cool summer salad” will probably be more popular than just “salad”. However, not all design nudges are beneficial. For example, shops might shine a light on fruit, using this nudge to increase sales. But it benefits shops, not customers. A hotel that offers a free breakfast might choose to put low-cost but unhealthy food in a noticeable place and put higher-cost but healthier food in a far corner. This helps the hotel save money but is bad for guests. Design nudges are all around us because they are effective. A growing number of people are now using nudges on themselves to help overcome problems and make better choices. 1．What is a characteristic of design nudges? A．They clearly tell people what to choose. B．They push people to make decisions quickly. C．They encourage people to think independently. D．They make one choice seem better than the rest. 2．How can schools nudge their students to eat better? A．By offering more food choices to them. B．By providing high-cost foods at lower prices. C．By putting healthy foods at a noticeable place. D．By placing unhealthy foods at the front of the line. 3．What can we learn from the examples in Paragraph 4? A．Design nudges might be used in a bad way. B．People often misunderstand design nudges. C．People use design nudges widely in daily life. D．Design nudges can improve the service quality. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．The power of a nudge B．The benefits of a nudge C．How to design a nudge D．How to recognize a nudge 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了“nudge”（助推）的含义，介绍设计助推的特征，举例说明其积极作用与负面影响，还提到设计助推因有效而广泛存在。 1．细节理解题。根据“In design terms, nudges usually have two characteristics. First, they make one choice seem more attractive and useful than the others.”可知，设计助推的特征之一是让一种选择看起来比其他选择更有吸引力和实用性，即让一种选择比其他选择更好，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Schools can use this information to nudge students to eat better by putting healthier food choices at the front of the line and unhealthy ones at the end.”可知，学校可以通过把健康的食物放在队伍的前面来引导学生吃得更健康，把不健康的食物放在最后。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“However, not all design nudges are beneficial. For example, shops might shine a light on fruit, using this nudge to increase sales. But it benefits shops, not customers. A hotel that offers a free breakfast might choose to put low-cost but unhealthy food in a noticeable place and put higher-cost but healthier food in a far corner. This helps the hotel save money but is bad for guests.”可知，第四段的例子表明设计助推可能被用于不好的方面，只为自身利益服务而损害他人，故选A。 4．最佳标题题。根据文章内容，全文围绕“nudge”（助推）展开，介绍了其含义、设计助推的特征、积极与消极作用以及广泛应用，核心是体现助推的影响力，选项A“助推的力量”符合语境，故选A。 （七） （2025·山东威海·中考） Big progress made towards carbon goals Editor’s note: China Daily is publishing news about China’s work to reach its carbon peak (碳达峰) and carbon neutrality (碳中和) goals. ① In 2024, China made big progress on its long-term climate (气候) goals. It led the world’s energy change at a speed never seen before. Though it’s challenging, Chinese experts are still working on achieving carbon peak before 2030 and become carbon neutrality by 2060． ② More renewable energy (like water power and wind power) starts working. In the first 9 months of 2024, China added 210 million kilowatts (千瓦) of new renewable energy. That’s 21% more than the same time last year, and 86% of all new power capacity (产量). That’s a lot! ③ A report from Wood Mackenzie, a UK energy company, says China continues to lead the world energy changing. Never has the world seen the speed of growth of an energy system that China is achieving. By 2025, China’s solar and wind power will be more than Europe and North America together. ④ The report also says China’s transport is changing. By 2034, electric cars will make up 66% of car sales. Key words to know:◆ carbon peak: carbon emissions (碳排放量) will first reach the highest point, then start to go down. ◆ carbon neutrality: the balance (平衡) of the amount of CO₂ we put into the air with the amount we take out. 1．What can be put in the ________ in the graph (图表)? A．Carbon neutrality. B．Carbon peak. C．Climate goals. 2．What does the underlined word “That” probably refer to in Paragraph 2? A．The first 9 months of 2024． B．86% of all new power capacity. C．210 million kilowatts of new renewable energy. 3．What is the UK energy company’s attitude towards China’s achievements in Paragraph 3? A．Amazed. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. 4．How many percent of car sales will electric cars make up by 2034? A．21%. B．50%. C．66%. 5．What is this passage mainly about? A．China’s development on transport in 2024． B．China’s big steps on green changing in 2024． C．China’s efforts on water and wind power in 2024． 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国在2024年绿色转型中所取得的重大进展，包括可再生能源的快速发展和交通领域的变化。 1．推理判断题。根据“Chinese experts are still working on achieving carbon peak before 2030”可知，中国专家正致力于在2030年前实现碳达峰。因此空格处的目标是碳达峰。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“In the first 9 months of 2024, China added 210 million kilowatts (千瓦) of new renewable energy. That’s 21% more than the same time last year, and 86% of all new power capacity (产量). That’s a lot!”可知，在2024年的前9个月里，中国新增2.1亿千瓦的可再生能源。这比去年同期增长了21%，占新增发电装机容量的86%。这可真不少！That指代前文的2.1亿千瓦的可再生能源。故选C。 3．观点态度题。根据“China continues to lead the world energy changing. Never has the world seen the speed of growth of an energy system that China is achieving.”可知，一家英国能源公司说中国继续在能源变革领域引领世界。世界上从未见过一个能源体系能以中国正在实现的速度发展。由此可知英国能源公司对中国取得的成就是感到惊叹的。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“By 2034, electric cars will make up 66% of car sales.”可知，到2034年，电动汽车将占汽车销售的66%。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了中国在2024年绿色转型中所取得的重大进展，包括可再生能源的快速发展和交通领域的变化。故选B。 （八） （2025·山东泰安·中考） Nowadays, some companies around the world are now offering humanoid (human-like) robots. They are being designed (设计) to look as human as possible. These products of technology are at the center of a debate (辩论): Should they be made to look like humans or just like what they are machines? Robots are playing an increasingly bigger role in our lives. In some countries, robots have been entertaining kids and helping the elderly. Some experts say robots will be more effective at such jobs if they look like humans. Research has shown that people feel closer to human-like robots. Also, human-like robots suit environments that are designed for humans. After all, the world is full of stairs (楼梯), hallways, shelves at shoulder height and sightlines at eye level. But other experts say robots don’t need to look like humans. Humanoid robots also have disadvantages. If robots look like us, we may expect them to act like us. However, they may make us disappointed because they can’t always do that yet. For example, they can’t laugh at the right moments during a conversation. Many people also find human-like robots scary. I think the human body is not the best design for many of the jobs we want robots to do. Just think of small, flat robot vacuums (真空吸尘器). They can go under a sofa to pick up the dust balls. Can human-like robots also do this? Even if robots can be made into humanlike ones, why do we limit (限定) them to two legs and two arms? Why not four and six so they can pick up the elderly or sick people comfortably? And that super intelligent AI almost certainly wouldn’t pick one body design to carry its mind around in. Why limit computational capacity (算力) to what fits inside a single head? What’s your opinion about robots’ shapes? 1．According to the second paragraph, the reasons why robots should be designed to look like humans include ________. ①People feel closer to humanoid robots. ②Robots are widely used in the industrial field. ③Humanoid robots can serve the people effectively. ④Humanoid robots can suit human environments. A．①②④ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②③ 2．Other experts don’t agree that robots are designed to look like humans because humanoid robots ________. A．cost a lot B．can’t cry or laugh C．can’t have conversations with humans D．can’t always behave like us as we expect 3．What’s the writer’s opinion according to the fourth paragraph? A．Robots can’t be made to look like humans. B．Humanoid design is still the best choice for robots. C．A robot should be designed with more arms, legs and heads. D．The design of a robot’s shape should depend on its use. 4．What’s the best title of this passage? A．The Development of Humanoid Robots B．A Debate about Improving the Services of Robots C．Should Robots Look like Humans? D．Different Robots, Different Services 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要针对机器人是否应该被设计得看起来像人类展开讨论。 1．细节理解题。根据“Research has shown that people feel closer to human-like robots.”，“Some experts say robots will be more effective at such jobs if they look like humans.”和“Also, human-like robots suit environments that are designed for humans.”可知，提到了①③④，而没有②。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“If robots look like us, we may expect them to act like us.”可知，如果机器人长得和我们一样，那么我们可能会期望它们的行为也会和我们一样。故选D。 3．段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，作者的核心观点是机器人形状的设计应该取决于它的用途。故选D。 4．最佳标题题。根据“Should they be made to look like humans or just like what they are machines?”可知，本文主要针对机器人是否应该被设计得看起来像人类展开讨论。故选C。 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $