Unit 6 Part 2 Using language（同步练习）-【学而思·PPT课件分层练习】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（外研版）

Part 2　Using language 基础过关练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.(2025河南部分学校质量检测)On the ship, Sack interacts with a variety of people, bridging the gap between passengers and the 　　　　 (全体船员) members.  2.That new white car bought by his father is totally 　　　　 (很好的) and every family member is fond of it.  3.She can turn a piece of paper the size of a handkerchief into a 　　　　 (逼真的) papercutting work in less than one minute.   4.The pain was so bad that she 　　　　 (尖叫) aloud, making all the people present stare at her suddenly.   5.The lunar eclipse (月食) occurs when the earth􀆳s s　　　　 falls on the moon and astronomy enthusiasts are looking forward to this moment.   Ⅱ.完成句子 1.我想向您提交我的申请,以便您能更好地了解我。(submit) I would like to 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 so that you can better learn about me.  2.听到外边突然一声巨响,我吓得要死,心都提到了嗓子眼儿,几乎不能呼吸。 Hearing a sudden big noise outside, I was frightened to death and could hardly breathe, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　. (读后续写—心理描写)  Ⅲ.单元语法专练 题型(一) 用情态动词的适当形式填空 1.—Must I finish the homework first? —No, you 　　　　　.   2.(2022浙江1月) I guess you 　　　　　 be there early; otherwise you won􀆳t get a seat.  3.(2025天津市第四十三中学期中)Though it 　　　　　 sound strange, this thin layer of ice can actually keep the fruit warm.  4.(2025天津市第一中学开学考)—The test on the new approach to calculating grades is challenging and demanding. Who do you think can do the job? —　　　　　 my students have a try?  5.(2021上海)Why 　　　　　 a power shopper be willing to give up some of her favorite savings strategies to shop online?  题型(二) 1.我们昨晚本应该打扫屋子的,但我们却去听音乐会了。 We　　　　 　　　　 　　　　the house last night, but we went to the concert instead.  2.我本来可以解出这道题的,但我没有。 I　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　the question, but I didn􀆳t.   3.她很惊讶汤姆竟然不求助于其他人而能完成所有的工作。 She was surprised that Tom 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　without turning to others for help.  4.(2025上海期中) 她工作压力如此大,以至于她觉得自己可能会崩溃,但事后想来,她本不必担心的,结果一切都很好。 She was under so much pressure at work that she felt she might crack, but with hindsight, she 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　; everything turned out fine.  5.(2025天津南开中学月考)尽管有保护包装,雕塑一定是在运输过程中处理不当损坏的。(mishandle) The damaged sculpture 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 during transit despite the protective packaging.  能力提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2024山东济宁名校联盟质量检测) Chinese material scientists have found the soil on the moon may potentially be able to generate oxygen and fuel, an awesome discovery that means more possibilities of humans􀆳 using lunar resources for further exploration of the moon and beyond. The researchers at Nanjing University showed that the lunar sample brought back by China􀆳s Chang􀆳e-5 contains active compounds (化合物) that can change carbon dioxide into oxygen and fuel. Initially, they hoped to design a system that took advantage of lunar soil and solar radiation, two rich resources on the moon, according to a study published on Thursday in the journal Joule. After analyzing the lunar soil, the team found the sample contains metal-rich substances, which can work as a catalyst (催化剂) to make oxygen using sunlight and carbon dioxide. The team proposed a strategy using lunar soil to electrolyze water from the moon and the astronauts􀆳 life support system into oxygen and hydrogen. The process was powered by sunlight. The carbon dioxide breathed out by moon inhabitants could be collected and combined with hydrogen to produce the fuel, also catalyzed by the lunar soil, according to the study. The researchers said with this method, no external energy apart from sunlight would be used to produce oxygen and fuel to support life on a moon base. “We use the environmental resources to minimize the rocket payload, and our strategy provides a scenario of a sustainable and affordable living environment for life in the cosmos,” said the paper􀆳s first author Yao Yingfang from Nanjing University, expressing his assumption. “The challenge lies in the fact that catalytic efficiency of lunar soil is lower than catalysts on the Earth,” said the researchers. They are testing different approaches in order to improve the design. The team is looking for an opportunity to test the system in space with China􀆳s future manned lunar missions. 1.What is the main implication of Chinese scientists􀆳 discovery of the moon􀆳s soil? A.The moon is rich in rare elements. B.Lunar soil can be used for exploring space. C.The moon can be lived on by human beings. D.Lunar soil is a new renewable energy source. 2.What did the researchers work on according to paragraph 3? A.The process of the sun producing light. B.The analysis of the work of Chang􀆳e-5. C.The supportive method producing metal-rich substances. D.The sustainable living strategy employing lunar resources. 3.What does the underlined word “scenario” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Profession. B.Contract. C.Vision. D.Sponsor. 4.What is the text mainly about? A.The discovery of active compounds on the moon. B.The testing approaches to improving the lunar soil. C.The research on the environmental system of the moon. D.The study of using lunar soil for oxygen and fuel production. Ⅱ.七选五 (2025广西钦州期末) Over the last 60 years, many spacecraft have flown by, orbited and even landed on Mars. But human explorers could work faster and be more flexible than machines. Setting foot on Mars is a major milestone in space exploration. That􀆳s why certain nations are interested in dispatching (派遣) humans to Mars. 　1　  First, a round trip to Mars causes many extra health risks. 　2　 For another, it allows fluid (液体) to build up in the head. This can lead to increased pressure in the eyes and result in vision complications. Luckily, artificial gravity machines could help.  　3　 The Earth􀆳s magnetic field protects astronauts near Earth from high-energy cosmic rays. Those cosmic rays might raise the risk of cancer and other health problems. On longer journeys astronauts would face prolonged exposure. This increases the risk of developing the diseases. Taking certain vitamins could reduce the impacts.  Establishing and surviving in a Mars colony presents numerous challenges. Since astronauts can􀆳t carry construction materials from Earth, scientists are dreaming up ways for astronauts to use materials on Mars. 　4　 A device on NASA􀆳s Perseverance rover is currently laying the groundwork for a future Mars oxygen factory.  Planning a trip to Mars isn􀆳t just about keeping astronauts safe. It also involves protecting Mars from astronauts. Humans are filled with microbes (微生物). 　5　 As a result, a key part of responsible space exploration is making sure Earth bacteria don􀆳t infect other planets.  A.It is exciting to explore space. B.Then there􀆳s space radiation to worry about. C.However, it is difficult to survive this adventure. D.Astronauts will bring back specimens of rock from Mars. E.Long-term visitors would also need plenty of oxygen to breathe. F.And spreading those microbes could be bad for the search for life on Mars. G.For one thing, floating in microgravity for long periods weakens bones and muscles. 1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　   Ⅲ.完形填空 (2024黑龙江哈尔滨月考) 　　For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s, a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet. 　1　, Diana Trujillo has made it—she is a(n) 　2　 now, leading a 45-person team that􀆳s responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover. Born in 1983, even as a young girl, Trujillo was certain of her passion for science. When she was 17, her dad offered to send her to Miami, Florida to study Aerospace Engineering. Without any 　3　, she followed her dad􀆳s 　4　. Arriving in the U.S. with just $300, Trujillo had to 　5　 through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs. The 　6　 was definitely not easy, but Trujillo never complained.   Then came another　7　 moment for Trujillo. One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with. 　8　 she was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut” was all it took to 　9　 Trujillo􀆳s career goals. So she 　10　 her studies of space science and 　11　 became the first Hispanic (西班牙语国家的) woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007. Since then, Trujillo has worn many hats at America􀆳s space agency.   But Trujillo hasn􀆳t　12　 there. She also leads by example, 　13　 women to pursue careers in STEM fields. Her own story is a 　14　 that just beyond that barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to 　15　 the stars.  1.A.Therefore B.Otherwise C.However D.Moreover 2.A.astronaut B.engineer C.pilot D.doctor 3.A.hesitation B.complaint C.expectation D.exception 4.A.command B.footsteps C.request D.suggestion 5.A.go B.pass C.struggle D.push 6.A.mission B.career C.adventure D.process 7.A.risk-taking B.life-changing C.time-consuming D.energy-saving 8.A.Realizing B.Remembering C.Imagining D.Assuming 9.A.record B.share C.inspire D.finish 10.A.started B.abandoned C.suspended D.continued 11.A.tragically B.eventually C.gradually D.instantaneously 12.A.left B.succeeded C.stopped D.reached 13.A.encouraging B.promising C.allowing D.persuading 14.A.symbol B.shadow C.warning D.reminder 15.A.stare at B.reach for C.long for D.come after 答案与分层梯度式解析 Part 2　Using language 基础过关练 Ⅰ.1.crew　2.awesome　3.lifelike　4.screamed 5.shadow Ⅱ.1.submit my application to you 2.my heart in my mouth Ⅲ.题型(一) 1.needn􀆳t/don􀆳t have to　句意:——我必须先完成作业吗?——不,你不必。此处回答must引出的问句,由“No”可知是否定回答,应用needn􀆳t或don􀆳t have to,表示“不必”。 2.should/have to　句意:我想你应该/得早点到那儿,否则你就没有座位了。设空处表示建议,意为“应该”,或表示客观情况的要求,意为“不得不”,故填should或have to。 3.may/might/could　句意:虽然听起来可能很奇怪,但这层薄薄的冰实际上可以让水果保持温暖。设空处表示推测,意为“可能,或许”,用在肯定句中,故填may、might或could。 4.Shall　句意:——对成绩计算新方法的测试是具有挑战性和要求高的。你认为谁能做这项工作?——我的学生们可以试一试吗?此处用于第三人称的疑问句中,表示征求意见,故填Shall。 5.would　句意: 为什么一个购物达人愿意放弃一些她最喜欢的储蓄策略来网上购物呢?此处用would表示意愿。 题型(二) 1.should have cleaned 2.could have worked out 3.should finish all the work 4.needn􀆳t have worried 5.must have been mishandled 能力提升练 Ⅰ.◎语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国科学家发现月壤可能具有生成氧气和燃料的潜力,这一发现意味着人类可以利用月球资源进一步探索月球及其他星球。 【高频词汇】　1.generate v.产生;引起　2.initially adv.起初;最先　3.take advantage of 利用　4.propose v.提议,建议　5.inhabitant n.居民;栖居动物　6.minimize v.使减少到最低限度　7.assumption n.假定, 假设 【差距词汇】　electrolyze v.把(某化合物)电解 1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段的“discovery that means more possibilities of humans􀆳 using lunar resources for further exploration of the moon and beyond(这一发现意味着人类利用月球资源进一步探索月球及月球以外的可能性更大)”可知,中国科学家发现月壤能够产生氧气和燃料,这意味着可以利用月壤探索太空。故选B。 2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,研究小组发现月壤样本中含有富含金属的物质,可以作为催化剂,利用阳光和二氧化碳制造氧气;该团队提出了一种策略,利用月壤将来自月球和航天员生命维持系统中的水电解成氧气和氢气;这个过程是由阳光驱动的,通过这种方法,除了阳光之外,没有任何外部能源会被用来产生氧气和燃料。由此可知,研究人员致力于利用月球资源进行可持续生存策略的研究。故选D。 3.C　词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知,研究人员致力于利用月球资源进行可持续生存策略的研究。再结合画线词所在部分的意思“我们利用环境资源来最小化火箭的有效载荷,我们的策略为宇宙空间的生命提供了一个可持续的、负担得起的生活环境的　　　”可知,画线词表示未实现的事物,结合选项可知,C项(构想)与画线词意思接近,故选C。  4.D　主旨大意题。 Para. 1 中国的材料科学家发现,月壤或许能够产生氧气和燃料 提出“月壤可能能够产生氧气和燃料” Para. 2- Para. 3 中国嫦娥五号带回的月球样本中含有一些活性化合物,这些活性化合物能够作为催化剂,利用阳光和二氧化碳来产生氧气 “月壤可能能够产生氧气和燃料”的原理 Para. 4 设想一种在宇宙中实现可持续且经济实惠的居住环境的方案 这项研究的意义 Para. 5 月壤的催化效率低于地球上的催化剂 这项研究面临的挑战 根据以上段落内容可知,本文主要介绍了一项利用月壤产生氧气和燃料的研究。故选D。 Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类探索火星所面临的挑战和困难。文章从多个角度分析了人类登陆火星的可能性和难点,包括健康风险、空间辐射、生存条件的建立以及保护火星环境等方面。 【高频词汇】　1.flexible adj.灵活的;多变的　2.survive v.幸存　3.lay the groundwork for为……打下基础;为……做准备工作 【熟词生义】　develop熟义:v.发展;开发;研制　生义:v.患(病) 【差距词汇】　1.complication n.[pl.]并发症 2.magnetic field 磁场　3.prolonged adj.延长了的;长期的　4.specimen n.样品;样本;标本 1.C　过渡句。上文提到踏上火星是太空探索的一个重要里程碑,所以某些国家对将人类送往火星感兴趣。下面几段阐述了一些关于人类前往火星的困难与挑战。结合选项可知,C项“However, it is difficult to survive this adventure.”表明虽然前往火星令人兴奋,但在这场冒险中生存下来却并非易事,承上启下,符合语境,故选C。 2.G　细节句。由上文“First, a round trip to Mars causes many extra health risks.”可知,本段阐述的是健康风险。G项“For one thing, floating in microgravity for long periods weakens bones and muscles.”具体说明了其中一种健康风险,与上文话题紧密相连,与下文提到的另一种健康风险“it allows fluid to build up in the head”并列,且G项中的“For one thing”与下文“For another”相呼应,形成了清晰的并列结构,故选G。 3.B　主旨句。由下文“The Earth􀆳s magnetic field protects astronauts near Earth from high-energy cosmic rays.”“Those cosmic rays might raise the risk of”“prolonged exposure”可知,本段讲的是宇宙射线对宇航员的潜在危害,这是关于空间辐射的内容。B项“Then there􀆳s space radiation to worry about.”提到还需要担心空间辐射,引出下文关于空间辐射的讨论,符合本段主旨。副词Then表示递进关系,与上一段中的“First”对应。故选B。 4.E　过渡句。上文提到在火星生存面临的挑战之一是建筑材料的问题。下文提到了美国国家航空航天局“毅力号”火星车上的一个设备目前正在为未来在火星上建造氧气工厂做准备工作。E项“Long-term visitors would also need plenty of oxygen to breathe.”表明长期在火星生存所需的另一个重要条件——氧气,指出另一种挑战,与上文的挑战并列,且引出下文的“氧气工厂”,承上启下,符合语境,故选E。 5.F　过渡句。由上文“Humans are filled with microbes.”及下文“As a result, a key part of responsible space exploration is making sure Earth bacteria don􀆳t infect other planets.”可知,此处提到了人体携带的微生物以及太空探索中需要防止地球细菌感染其他行星的责任。结合选项可知,F项“And spreading those microbes could be bad for the search for life on Mars.”解释了为什么需要防止微生物传播,即它们可能对火星上的生命探索产生负面影响,承接上文的微生物,且引出下文的结果,F项中的“those microbes”指代上文提到的人体内的微生物,承上启下,符合语境,故选F。 Ⅲ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在哥伦比亚长大的Diana Trujillo克服重重困难,成了美国航空航天局的一名工程师,领导着团队负责最新的火星探测器的机械臂的故事。 【高频词汇】　1.set foot on 踏上　2.definitely adv.肯定 3.casually adv.随意地 【差距词汇】　be acquainted with...熟悉/了解…… 1.C　根据上文“For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s, a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet.”和下文“Diana Trujillo has made it”可知,在当时对于Diana Trujillo这样的女孩来说,在美国航空航天局从事科学事业是遥不可及的事情,但她却做到了,空前后构成转折关系。A.因此;B.否则;C.然而;D.此外。故选C。 2.B　根据下文“leading a 45-person team that􀆳s responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover”以及“to study Aerospace Engineering”可知,Diana Trujillo领导着团队负责最新火星探测器的机械臂,而且学的是航空航天工程,因此她应该是一名工程师。A.宇航员;B.工程师;C.飞行员;D.医生。故选B。 3.A　根据上文“Born in 1983, even as a young girl, Trujillo was certain of her passion for science.”可知,还是个小女孩的时候,Trujillo就对科学充满了热情,因此她会毫不犹豫地接受父亲提出的建议。固定短语without hesitation意为“毫不犹豫地”。A.犹豫;B.抱怨;C.期待;D.例外。故选A。 4.D　根据上文“her dad offered to send her to Miami, Florida to study Aerospace Engineering”可知,此处指父亲提出的送她去学习航空航天工程的建议。A.命令;B.脚步;C.请求;D.建议。故选D。注意:follow in one􀆳s footsteps意为“仿效某人”。 5.C　根据上文“with just $300”和“by doing a series of housekeeping jobs”可知,Trujillo当时经济比较困难,得做很多家政工作来赚钱,由此可知,她是艰难地完成了学业。此处用struggle through来表示“艰难地度过”。故选C。 6.D　根据上文“Arriving in the U.S. with just $300, Trujillo had to 　5　 through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs.”可知,此处指Trujillo通过打工赚钱来完成学业的过程。A.任务;B.职业;C.冒险;D.过程。故选D。  7.B　根据下文“　8　 she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’ was all it took to 　9　 Trujillo􀆳s career goals.”可知,Trujillo自此更坚定地追求自己的职业目标,因此这里指她经历了另一个改变人生的时刻。A.冒险;B.改变人生的;C.耗时间的;D.节能的。故B。  8.A　根据上文“One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with.”和下文“she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’”可推知,教授不经意提到的事情让她意识到了自己离认识宇航员其实很近。A.意识到;B.记住;C.想象;D.假定。故选A。 9.C　根据上文“she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’”可知,自己离认识宇航员其实很近这样的想法会激励Trujillo的职业目标,让她继续努力学习。A.记录;B.分享;C.激励;D.完成。故选C。 10.D　根据上一段中的“to study Aerospace Engineering”和下文“became the first Hispanic woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007”可知,Trujillo一开始学的就是航空航天相关的专业,也就是与太空科学相关的专业,后来她真的被美国航空航天局学院录取了,因此她是继续学习这个专业。A.开始;B.放弃;C.暂停;D.继续。故选D。 11.B　根据上文叙述的Trujillo克服经济困难,努力完成学业以及在教授不经意提到的事情的启发下继续学习可推知,此处指这个过程的结局是她最终成为第一位被美国航空航天局学院录取的来自说西班牙语国家的女性。A.不幸地;B.最终;C.逐渐;D.即刻。故选B。 12.C　根据下文“She also leads by example”可知,Trujillo还做了其他的事情,因此这里指她并没有就此止步。A.离开;B.成功;C.停止;D.到达。故选C。 13.A　根据上文“She also leads by example”可知,Trujillo在以身作则,通过自己的故事来鼓励女性在STEM领域从事工作。A.鼓励;B.承诺;C.允许;D.劝说。故选A。 14.D　根据上文叙述的在哥伦比亚长大的Diana Trujillo克服重重困难,成为美国航空航天局的一名工程师可推知,她的故事给予我们的是正面的提醒,告诉我们努力可以助力实现梦想。A.象征;B.阴影;C.警告;D.提醒人的事物。故选D。 15.B　根据上文“lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to”可推知,此处是用Trujillo追寻太空梦的故事激励追寻梦想的人。reach for the stars意为“努力完成壮举”。故选B。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $