Unit 6 Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（同步练习）-【学而思·PPT课件分层练习】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（外研版）

Unit 6　Space and beyond Part 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas 基础过关练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.When you receive gratitude from someone after doing a good deed, you will 　　　　　 (instantaneous) feel better.   2.This will help you accustom yourself 　　　　　 a sleep routine, which can make your sleep deeper at night.   3.Every great dream begins with a dreamer. Always remember that you have the strength, the patience, and the passion to reach 　　　　　 the stars to change the world.   4.But when her stepfather died 　　　　　 (tragic) in a car accident, leaving her mother to support three daughters on a modest income, paying for college became impossible.  5.(2025广东佛山月考) High-definition cameras equipped with AI technology are being used to record festivals in 　　　　　 (exception) detail.   6.(2025广东广州期中)His excellence was just like the sun, reminding me that I would always be walking 　　　　　 his shadow if I couldn􀆳t prove myself.  7.(2025河北邯郸月考)However, it wasn􀆳t until the launch of Facebook that social media truly began to take 　　　　　.  8.The tradition of “　　　　　 (suspend) coffee” is a long-standing tradition in Italy which increased in popularity during World War Ⅱ.   9.(2025福建漳州质量检测)I doubted 　　　　　 I could make it up the last hill, but I kept picking goals, such as a telephone pole or a mailbox, to run or walk to.  10.(2025新课标Ⅰ)While safety improvements might 　　　　　 (make) to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian(行人) mobility, especially among young children.  Ⅱ.选词填空(其中有一项多余) set foot on; take off; take one􀆳s place; tune in to; turn...into; call to Last night, my grandpa 1.　　　　　　 a TV programme about nature. In this televised documentary, journalists 2.　　　　　　 a piece of new land and discovered the wonderful scenery. This place, which used to be abandoned farmland, has been 3.　　　　　　 a beautiful nature reserve. And it 4.　　　　　　 among tourists for its beauty recently. The restoration of the conservation area 5.　　　　　　 us to take action to protect our environment.   Ⅲ.完成句子 1.母亲的去世给她的童年蒙上了阴影,她花了很长时间才恢复过来。 Her mother􀆳s death 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 her childhood, which took her a long time to recover.(读后续写—人物形象塑造)   2.(2023新课标Ⅰ写作)允许学生自主选择学习伙伴有助于他们在练习英语口语时迅速习惯与彼此交流。(accustomed) Allowing students to choose their own study partners helps them 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 quickly when practicing spoken English.  3.(2024全国甲写作)无论你想去哪里,高铁都能在更短的时间内把你送到那里。 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, the high-speed train can send you there in a shorter time.  能力提升练 Ⅰ.课文语法填空 Neil Armstrong set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969. 　1　had once been considered impossible had been achieved.　2　(follow) the Moon landings, space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public. 　3　(tragic), the Challenger space shuttle exploded after it took off on 28 January 1986, and all seven astronauts on board were killed. It was the most disastrous space accident ever, which cast a shadow 　4　 people􀆳s hearts. After the disaster, space shuttle flights 　5　(suspend) while the cause of the disaster was investigated. However, there was no doubt that manned 　6　(flight) would continue, and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the 　7　(success) launch of Discovery. Now, it 　8　(be) over 30 years since the 　9　(lose) of Challenger. The sacrifice of the Challenger is a call and a reminder that we must continue to explore the stars, no matter 　10　 distant they might seem.  1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　   6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　   Ⅱ.语法填空 (2024广东梅州期中) An international team of astronomers used a database combining observations from the best telescopes in the world 　1　(detect) the signal from the active supermassive black holes of dying galaxies in the early universe. The 　2　(appear) of these active supermassive black holes is related to changes in the host galaxy. This means a black hole could have far-reaching effects 　3　 the evolution of its host galaxy.  The Milky Way galaxy 　4　 we live includes stars of various ages, including stars still forming. But in some other galaxies, 　5　(know) as elliptical (椭圆的) galaxies, all of the stars are old and about the same age. This indicates that early in 　6　(they) history elliptical galaxies had a period of rich star formation that suddenly ended. Why this star formation stopped in some galaxies 　7　 not others is not well understood. One possibility is that a supermassive black hole disrupts(扰乱) the gas in some galaxies, 　8　(create) an environment unsuitable for star formation.  To test this theory, astronomers look at distant galaxies. Due to the limited speed of light, it takes time for light to travel across the void of space. The light we saw last night from an object 10 billion light years away　9　(travel) for 10 billion years to reach Earth. Thus the light we see today shows us what the galaxy looked like when the light left that galaxy 10 billion years ago. So looking at distant galaxies is like looking back in time. But the longer distance also means that distant galaxies look 　10　(small), making study more difficult.  1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　   6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　   Ⅲ.阅读理解 A (2025江苏无锡月考) The idiom “shoot for the stars” has just taken on a literal meaning for Hayley Arceneaux, a cancer survivor from Memphis, Tennessee. On February 22,2021, 29-year-old Hayley was selected to be one of four crew members of the SpaceX􀆳s Inspiration 4—the world􀆳s first civilian astronaut mission. Two decades ago, Hayley happened to go to the NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas with her family. “I got to see where the astronauts received training and I wanted to be an astronaut after that,” she recalled. Tragically, the young girl􀆳s dream was derailed a year later when she was diagnosed with bone cancer. Fortunately, the expert at St. Jude Children􀆳s Research Hospital in Memphis stopped its spread by replacing the diseased bones with metal rods in the left leg. Learning her dream of becoming an astronaut would probably never be realized, the young girl decided to work with young cancer patients at the hospital where she had been cured. As it turned out, Hayley􀆳s dream of going to space was far from over. On January 5, 2021, she got a surprise call from Jared Isaacman, founder of Shift4 Payments, seriously asking her if she􀆳d like to go to space. “Immediately I screamed, ‘Yes, yes, absolutely!’” Hayley said. When SpaceX announced the world􀆳s first all-commercial astronaut mission, the 37-year-old billionaire instantly booked the available four seats. To make the journey more meaningful, Isaacman announced he􀆳d donate three seats to members of the general public. Hayley, the first crew member to be announced, would represent “hope”—a nod to her survival of cancer and frontline work at St. Jude. The second passenger, representing “generosity”, would be chosen randomly from a sweepstake (抽彩) to raise $200 million for the cancer hospital, which treated children at no charge. The last seat, representing “prosperity”, would be given to an entrepreneur who adopted the Shift4 Payments platform for their company. While Hayley was set to be the first person with a so-called disability to go to space, she wouldn􀆳t be the last. 1.What inspired Hayley to dream of being an astronaut? A.Her fight against cancer. B.Volunteering at a hospital. C.Her visit to a space center. D.The 2-year special training. 2.What can be inferred from the third paragraph? A.Hayley got a heavy blow. B.Hayley worked as a volunteer. C.Hayley is a strong-willed person. D.Hayley quit her dream completely. 3.How did Hayley respond to the request from Jared Isaacman􀆳s call? A.She agreed without hesitation. B.She said her dream had been over. C.She didn􀆳t take it seriously at first. D.She had no choice but to refuse. 4.Why would Jared Isaacman donate the “generosity” seat to members of the general public? A.To promote his company􀆳s products. B.To raise funds for a cancer hospital. C.To inspire interest in space travel. D.To seek help for disabled children. B (2025黑龙江哈尔滨期中) Releasing tiny metal rods (金属棒) into Mars􀆳 atmosphere could warm the planet enough to melt water and support microbial life. Scientists at the University of Chicago aim to find a way to make Mars suitable for humans to live on. So it is crucial to raise its surface temperature. Some people have suggested putting mirrors above Mars􀆳 surface or pumping methane (甲烷) into its atmosphere, but these ideas are difficult to apply because the raw materials required would need to be sent from Earth. Now, Edwin Kite and his colleagues have found relatively small dust clouds made from iron or aluminium (铝). Rods taken from rocks on Mars could warm the planet in a period of a few months or over a decade, depending on how quickly the particles are released. These metal rods could be carried by wind from the surface to Mars􀆳 upper atmosphere, where they would then remain for around a decade, trapping heat from below and allowing more sunlight through. Kite and his team modeled how the rods responded to light and then fed this information into climate simulations (模拟), which showed that the increase in temperature and pressure would be enough for parts of Mars to sustain liquid water and potentially oxygen-producing bacteria. They also found that this warming would only need the rods to be released at a rate equal to that of water flowing through about 30 garden taps, amounting to a total of 700,000 cubic metres of metal per year to achieve the required warming, or around 1 percent of Earth􀆳s metal production. “According to our plan, we found a surprisingly small amount of engineered dust would be required, much less than the amount of engineered greenhouse gases required if you wanted the same amount of warming,” says Kite. “But it would still be challenging to dig large holes in the ground to collect iron or aluminium from Mars.” “One uncertainty in the simulations is how the tiny rods might interact with water in Mars􀆳 atmosphere. Water can form a group with the dust and fall back to the surface as rain, reducing the warming,”says Manoj Joshi at the University of East Anglia, UK. 5.What do the scientists at the University of Chicago try to do? A.To make Mars habitable. B.To change Mars􀆳 landscape. C.To send raw materials to Mars. D.To find microbial life on Mars. 6.What can the metal rods do? A.Help clean Mars􀆳 atmosphere. B.Better expose Mars􀆳 surface to the sun. C.Collect particles from Mars􀆳 rocks. D.Keep Mars􀆳 upper atmosphere cold. 7.What is the difficulty of the plan according to Kite? A.Sustaining liquid water on Mars􀆳 surface. B.Mining for needed metal materials on Mars. C.Producing a large amount of water on Mars. D.Releasing engineered greenhouse gases into Mars􀆳 atmosphere. 8.What is Manoj Joshi􀆳s attitude towards the plan? A.Supportive. B.Doubtful. C.Serious. D.Indifferent. 答案与分层梯度式解析 Part 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas 基础过关练 Ⅰ.1.instantaneously　考查副词。句意:当你在做好事之后收获别人的感激时,你瞬间会感觉更好。此处修饰动词feel,应用副词作状语。故填instantaneously。 2.to　考查介词。句意:这将有助于你习惯睡眠规律,从而能让你在夜里睡得更熟。accustom oneself to sth.意为“使某人自己习惯于某事”。故填to。 类比启发 　　表示“使自己习惯于某事”的其他表达:adapt/adjust oneself to sth. 3.for　考查介词。句意:每一个伟大的梦想都始于一位梦想家,要永远记得,你有力量、有耐心、有热情去实现梦想以改变世界。reach for the stars 意为“有九天揽月之志,努力完成壮举”。 4.tragically　考查副词。句意:但当她的继父在一场车祸中不幸去世时,交给她的母亲靠微薄的收入养活三个女儿,支付上大学的费用就变得不可能了。设空处修饰动词died,应用副词作状语,表示“不幸地”,故填tragically。 知识拓展 　　以 -ic 结尾的形容词变副词时,通常在词尾加-ally,而不是直接加-ly。如: basic(基本的)→ basically(基本上) scientific(科学的)→ scientifically(科学上) 5.exceptional　考查形容词。句意: 配备了人工智能技术的高清晰度摄像机正被用于对节日(活动)进行特别详细的记录。空处修饰名词detail,应用形容词作定语。in detail意为“详细地”,此处表示“特别详细地”,用in exceptional detail来表达。exceptional意为“异常的;特别的;罕见的”。故填exceptional。 6.in　考查介词。句意:他的优秀就像太阳提醒我,如果我无法证明自己的价值,那么我就会永远处于他的阴影之下。in one􀆳s shadow意为“在……的阴影下;被……的光彩掩盖”。 7.off　考查副词。句意:然而,直到Facebook的推出,社交媒体才真正开始流行起来。take off在此处意为“迅速流行;大受欢迎”。 8.suspended　考查过去分词。句意: “待用咖啡”的传统在意大利由来已久,在第二次世界大战期间开始流行起来。空处应用非谓语动词作定语,修饰名词coffee;coffee与suspend之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词作前置定语,故填suspended。 知识拓展 　　“待用咖啡(suspended coffee)”指人们在咖啡馆消费时额外购买的咖啡,留待其他可能比较贫困的人士享用。这个传统起源于意大利那不勒斯的咖啡馆,并从二站期间开始慢慢流行起来。 9.whether/if　考查宾语从句。句意:我怀疑自己能否成功登上最后那座山峰,但我不断给自己选择目标,比如一根电线杆或者一个邮筒,然后朝着它们跑过去或者走过去。but连接两个并列分句。在but前的分句中,doubted作谓语,其后是空处引导的宾语从句;主句为肯定句,应用whether或if引导宾语从句,表示“怀疑是否……”。 10.have been made　考查“情态动词+have done”和被动语态。句意:尽管近年来我们街道的安全状况或许有所改善,但交通研究也表明,行人出行出现了下降,尤其是对于年幼的孩子而言。由might和in recent years可知,此处指对已经发生情况的不确定的推测,应用might have done,表示“可能已经”;while引导的让步状语从句的主语safety improvements与make之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,故填have been made。 Ⅱ.1.tuned in to　2.set foot on　3.turned into　4.has taken off　5.calls to Ⅲ.1.cast a shadow on/over 2.become accustomed to communicating with each other 类比启发 　　表示“习惯于……”的短语除了become/be/grow/get accustomed to...之外还有be/get used to...。注意:这些短语中的to都是介词,其后的动词要用v.-ing形式。 3.No matter where you want to go 能力提升练 Ⅰ.1.What　考查名词性从句。句意:曾经被认为不可能的事情已经实现了。“　1　had once been considered impossible”是设空处引导的主语从句,设空处在从句中作主语,表示“……的事情”,故填What。   2.Following　考查现在分词。句意:登月之后,太空旅行对公众来说迅速变得平常。句中已有谓语动词became,设空处应用非谓语动词形式作状语,且follow与其逻辑主语space travel之间为主动关系,因此用现在分词形式。 3.Tragically　考查副词。设空处应用副词作状语,修饰整个句子,表示“悲惨的是”,故填Tragically。 4.on/over　考查介词。cast a shadow on/over...意为“给……蒙上阴影”。 5.were suspended　考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:灾难发生后,航天飞机航行被暂停了,同时(相关人员)调查了这次灾难的原因。根据语境及空后的was可知此处表示过去发生的事,应用一般过去时;主语space shuttle flights与suspend之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语为复数形式,故填were suspended。 6.flights　考查名词复数。“that manned　6　would continue”为that引导的同位语从句,设空处为该从句的主语且由空前的manned修饰,应用名词;flight在此处是可数名词且空前没有冠词等限定词,应用复数形式。  7.successful　考查形容词。设空处修饰后面的名词launch,应用形容词作定语,表示“成功的”,故填successful。 8.has been/is　考查时态及主谓一致。由“since the　9　of Challenger”并结合语境可以判断,此处用现在完成时或一般现在时,构成句型“It has been/is+时间段+since...”,意为“自从……以来已经多久了”。故填has been或is。   9.loss　考查名词。由设空处前面的定冠词the及后面的介词of可以判断此处应用名词。lose的名词形式是loss。 10.how　考查状语从句。句意:“挑战者”号的牺牲呼吁并提醒我们必须继续探索星空,无论它们看起来可能有多遥远。“no matter　10　distant they might seem”为“no matter+wh-疑问词”引导的让步状语从句,此处表示“无论多么……”,故填how。  Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。研究人员对超大质量黑洞的存在和其对其宿主星系的影响进行了猜测,同时希望通过研究更遥远的星系获得进一步的了解。 【高频词汇】　1.be related to与……有关系　2.indicate v.暗示;表明　3.unsuitable adj.不适宜的　4.distant adj.遥远的 【差距词汇】　1.evolution n.进化;演变　2.void n.真空 1.to detect　考查动词不定式。句意:一个国际天文学家团队使用了一个结合了世界上最好的望远镜的观测结果的数据库来探测早期宇宙中垂死星系的活跃超大质量黑洞发出的信号。分析可知,“　1　 (detect) the signal...”为目的状语,用动词不定式。故填to detect。  2.appearance　考查名词。句意:这些活跃的超大质量黑洞的出现与宿主星系的变化有关。根据空前的定冠词The和空后的介词of可知,这里应填名词。appear的名词形式为appearance,appearance作“出现”讲时常用单数形式,再结合语境可知填appearance。 3.on　考查介词。句意:这意味着黑洞可能对其宿主星系的演化有深远影响。这里使用的是固定短语have effects on sth.,意为“对某物有影响”。故填on。 4.where　考查定语从句。句意:我们生存的银河系中有不同年龄的恒星,包括仍在形成的恒星。分析可知,“　4　 we live”为修饰前面的名词短语“The Milky Way galaxy”的定语从句,关系词在从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。  5.known　考查过去分词。句意:但在其他一些被称为椭圆星系的星系中,所有的恒星都是古老的,年龄大致相同。分析可知,“　5　 (know) as elliptical galaxies”为前面的名词短语“some other galaxies”的后置定语,some other galaxies与know之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词形式。故填known。  6.their　考查形容词性物主代词。根据空后的名词history可知应填形容词性物主代词修饰history。故填their。 7.but　考查连词。句意:为什么这种恒星形成在一些星系中停止,而在其他星系中没有停止,人们并不是很了解。由后面的否定词not可知,这里表示转折,因此用并列连词but。 8.creating　考查现在分词。句意:一种可能性是,超大质量黑洞扰乱了一些星系中的气体,创造了一种不适宜恒星形成的环境。分析可知,“　8　 (create) an environment unsuitable for star formation”为前面“超大质量黑洞扰乱了一些星系中的气体”的结果,此处表示自然而然的结果,应用现在分词作结果状语。故填creating。  9.had travel(l)ed/travel(l)ed　考查时态。句意:我们昨晚看到的100亿光年外的物体发出的光经过100亿年才到达地球。设空处是主句的谓语,结合语境可知,这里应用过去的某种时态。该动作在saw之前发生,因此设空处可用过去完成时表示过去的过去,也可以用一般过去时表示单纯的过去,故填had travel(l)ed或travel(l)ed。 10.smaller　考查形容词比较级。根据前面的“the longer distance”和后面的“making study more difficult”可推知,这里含有比较的意味,应用形容词的比较级。故填smaller。 Ⅲ.A ◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了来自孟菲斯的癌症幸存者Hayley Arceneaux被选为SpaceX􀆳s Inspiration 4任务(世界首次平民宇航员任务)的四名机组人员之一,即将实现她的太空梦。 【高频词汇】　1.be diagnosed with被诊断患有　2.far from远非　3.absolutely adv.当然;绝对地;极其 4.available adj.可获得的;有空的　5.at no charge免费 【差距词汇】　derail v.破坏,干扰(计划、协议等) 1.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知,Hayley参观太空中心的经历激发了她想当宇航员的梦想。故选C。 2.C　推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容可知,尽管Hayley身患重病,得知自己成为宇航员的梦想可能永远不能实现,但她没有被打倒,而是选择在痊愈自己的那家医院里帮助其他年轻的癌症患者。由此推知,她是一个意志坚强的人。故选C。 3.A　细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句可知,Hayley对Jared Isaacman的邀请毫不犹豫地表示了同意。故选A。 4.B　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“The second passenger...would be chosen...to raise $200 million for the cancer hospital, which treated children at no charge.”可知,Jared Isaacman将“generosity”座位捐给公众成员是为了给癌症医院筹集资金。故选B。 B ◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。科学家发现,通过将微小的金属棒释放到火星大气中来提升火星温度,这样就可以使火星适合人类居住。文章解释了这种金属棒的工作原理并给出了人们对此的看法。 【高频词汇】　1.crucial adj.至关重要的;决定性的 2.relatively adv.相对地　3.release v.释放　4.sustain v.维持;保持　5.amount to总计　6.habitable adj.适合居住的 5.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientists at the University of Chicago aim to find a way to make Mars suitable for humans to live on.”可知,芝加哥大学的科学家们试图使火星适宜居住。故选A。 6.B　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,金属棒能使更多的阳光穿过,从而更好地把火星表面暴露在太阳下。故选B。 7.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,根据Kite的说法,这个计划的难度是在火星上开采所需的金属材料。故选B。 8.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,Manoj Joshi认为模拟中的这些小棒如何与火星大气中的水相互作用是不确定的,即这个计划有不确定性。由此可知,Manoj Joshi对这个计划的态度是不确定的。故选B。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $