Unit 4 Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（同步练习）-【学而思·PPT课件分层练习】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（外研版）

Unit 4　Everyday economics Part 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas 基础过关练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(2025贵州六校联盟联考)Staring down at a cellphone can increase pressure on the neck and upper back, 　　　　　 (potential) causing “text neck”.  2.Previous research has suggested that changing ocean temperatures would affect both the 　　　　　 (distribute) and the reproductive ability of numerous species of fish.   3.The scholar􀆳s report provides detailed guidance 　　　　　 what is required to carry out the proposal.  4.The charities picked up the unwanted food so that they could distribute it 　　　　　 people in need.  5.Now a number of schools have psychological 　　　　　 (consult) to help students who are under mental pressure.   6.(2025河北邢台一中期中)As developers push out models that are more sophisticated and better at imitating the ways humans communicate, there is arguably more potential 　　　　　 forming parasocial relationships with these chatbots.  7.(2025黑龙江龙东十校联盟期中)As temperatures dropped below freezing overnight, she covered herself with a comforter—a gift she 　　　　　 (purchase) for a friend recently.  8.It was not until they finished this enormous and heavy construction job 　　　　　 they returned home to have a rest.   9.(2024全国甲)That􀆳s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, 　　　　　 they don􀆳t usually like.  Ⅱ.选词填空(其中有一项多余) end up; a world away from; in the hope of; start out; row upon row; as to 1.　　　　　　 college graduates, embarking on entrepreneurship can be a rewarding path. Zhang Lin 2.　　　　　　 by opening a milk tea shop in his hometown after graduation. Focusing on unique recipes, his drinks 3.　　　　　　 winning huge popularity. Now, his shop always has 4.　　　　　　 of customers waiting, a scene that feels 5.　　　　　　 its quiet beginning.  Ⅲ.完成句子 1.只要坚持不懈地努力学习,每个学生都有可能在考试中脱颖而出。 Each student 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 in the exam as long as they study hard with persistence.   2.随着网上交易的发展,现在许多人更愿意在网上买东西。(purchase n.;willing) With the development of online trading, many people 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 now.  3.(2023全国乙写作) 我以前从不喜欢弹钢琴,但现在却迷上了它,并且每天都练习。(bite; bug) I was never fond of playing the piano before, but now I　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 and practice it every day.  4.正是在你的专业指导下,我们才在英语方面取得如此快的进步。(强调句) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 we have made such rapid progress in English.  能力提升练 Ⅰ.课文语法填空 　1　(surround) by roses as she was growing up, Zhang Yue paid them little attention. Only after graduating　2　university overseas and returning to visit her parents did she realise the potential.  Zhang therefore decided to return to her hometown and grow roses, 　3　surprised many people. She is not the only young person that 　4　(bite) by the start-up bug so far. All over the world, more and more enterprising young people are thinking of starting their own businesses, as the growing economy creates more opportunities. A few, like Zhang Yue, end up getting 　5　(invest) and support from more experienced business people 　6　(lucky).   As someone who grew up in the country, Zhang already knew about growing plants, but she still had a lot 　7　(learn) as a beginner. She has overcome 　8　 number of obstacles to make her business the success it is today.   　9　(see) her peers who also dream of success and independence, Zhang has mixed feelings. Although she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit, she suggests that people be 　10　(real) and seek guidance from expert advisers before taking action.   1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　   6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　   Ⅱ.语法填空 (2025浙江精诚联盟月考) From old clothes and books to furniture, young people in China are following the trend of trading second-hand goods. A Beijing resident surnamed Zhang, 　1　 lives in Haidian District, decided to move as her rental contract 　2　 (near) its end. She recently put up large appliances such as refrigerators for sale on second-hand e-commerce platforms. “Purchasing and selling second-hand products is an 　3　 (environmental) friendly lifestyle,” Zhang said. “These products are 　4　 good quality and relatively inexpensive.”  Zhang represents a growing number of young people in China who favour eco-friendly consumption. According to a report on China􀆳s e-commerce green development, people born in the 1990s and 2000s exhibit a notably 　5　 (high) understanding of “green consumption” compared to other age groups.  Xianyu, one of China􀆳s largest second-hand goods trading platforms, has over 100 million users, with post-95s　6　 (account) for almost half of its users, and they earned 　7　 average of 2,700 yuan each on Xianyu in 2023.  Now, second-hand trading covers almost all consumer goods　8　 (category), with a trading volume exceeding 1 trillion yuan in 2020. The volume 　9　 (expect) to exceed 3 trillion yuan by 2030. However, experts said the second-hand economy is still in its early phases and requires practical measures such as filling policy gaps, improving recycling systems, and exploring new trade routes 　10　 (expand) the market for green consumption.  1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　   6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　   Ⅲ.阅读理解 A (2024浙江卓越联盟期中) Unlike most of her peers who left their rural hometowns, 34-year-old Ning Fenfang left her job in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in 2017 and worked as a village official in her hometown—a mountainous village in Cili County in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province. Now she farms over 66.7 hectares of land. Seeing much of the farmland had been deserted, Ning resigned from her post in 2020 and became a full-time farmer, renting the farmland and hiring villagers to work it. She founded a centre to hire housewives in the village to work her farmland during busy hours. “It􀆳s never easy,” said Ning. It is very rare for young people to become farmers in rural areas, as farming is labour-intensive and requires constant work in the mud. What􀆳s more, farming is conventionally seen as a job “unsuitable” for both the post-90s generation and women. Her decision to become a farmer confused many of her fellow villagers and farming was much more difficult than she had imagined. She experienced tremendous pain due to the intensive labour. At first, she didn􀆳t farm much through lack of farming knowledge, so she didn􀆳t feel pressured to succeed. Later, she decided to expand the scale and spent millions of yuan. “Most of the money is borrowed from banks, families and relatives, so there is no turning back,” she said. Weighing up the pros and cons, her husband ultimately gave up his enterprise to work with her. She has tried to turn farming into a “trendy” job. Instead of traditional farming methods which rely on human labour, Ning promotes mechanized farming, such as using harvesters, cultivators and drones. She also plans to explore the agricultural tourism resources in Zhangjiajie for children living in urban areas to experience farming. Being elected to the 14th National People􀆳s Congress has motivated Ning to feel more responsible for fellow farmers. “NPC deputies from the grassroots need to consider rural farmers􀆳 needs and bring their voices to the two sessions,” Ning said. 1.What can be inferred from the passage? A.Ning facilitated the development of local agriculture. B.Ning was once in the 14th National People􀆳s Congress. C.Ning was pessimistic about her work and her future in Hangzhou. D.The locals found her decision to become a farmer realistic at first. 2.What􀆳s paragraph 3 mainly about? A.Ning gradually expanded the scale of her business. B.Ning lacked adequate knowledge about agriculture. C.Ning did what it took to invest heavily in her business. D.Ning faced more challenges in farming than she had figured. 3.What sets Ning􀆳s farming apart from traditional farming? A.The expansion of agricultural dimensions. B.The restriction of agricultural implements. C.The employment of agricultural machinery. D.The exploration of agricultural tourism resources. 4.Which of the following can best describe Ning Fenfang? A.Frustrated but considerate. B.Humble and dynamic. C.Persevering and innovative. D.Sensitive and aggressive. B (2025湖南三新协作体期中) There􀆳s a popular saying that if only one voice is allowed to exist, then that one voice must be a lie. This quote couldn􀆳t be more relevant now, as many businesses and platforms are using shady practice to silence negative feedback and ensure only those voices benefiting them remain. This practice is so-called “artificial review boosting”, and has been influencing objectivity in reviews ever since. Its origin dates back to the 20th century when businesses would hand out free samples to obtain a better reputation. However, the practice rises to a new extreme with the emergence of e-commerce platforms. Many online businesses do whatever it takes to ensure high-rating scores, either through giving bonuses and rewards to customers who leave a good review or through bothering and threatening those who leave a negative one. This behavior is not only morally corrupt but also illegal, and it is absurd that many consumers feel they can􀆳t leave negative feedback out of fear that businesses will cause trouble. It􀆳s apparent that this problem is getting out of hand, but how can we fix it? Regulator intervention would certainly help. There should be a tougher crackdown on illegal practices, and e-commerce platforms should be required to protect the privacy of their users. Nevertheless, this is just a small part of the changes needed, as the rating system as a whole needs restructuring. That􀆳s because this system rewards dishonest sellers rather than those selling quality products, and e-commerce platforms, with their profits unaffected, turn a blind eye to its faults. Against all odds, honest feedback has persisted and people who voice their true opinions still exist, but they are becoming rarer. There􀆳s a well known experiment that if you put a frog in boiling water, it will leap out, but if you cook the frog slowly in warm water, it won􀆳t notice being cooked alive. We consumers are just like frogs—it􀆳s easy for us to fight together against terrible acts robbing our freedom, but we often ignore when the same freedom is gradually taken from us. There will be no grand coup de grâce (致命的一击) that ends honest feedback. Companies will just let it fade away slowly but we mustn􀆳t allow that to happen because consumers play a more important role in keeping honest feedback. 5.What is the main issue discussed in the text? A.The illegal practice of consumers. B.The history of e-commerce platforms. C.The benefits of free samples for businesses. D.The decline of honest feedback due to artificial review boosting. 6.How do businesses ensure high-rating scores according to the text? A.By improving product quality. B.By cooperating with regulators. C.By restructuring the rating system. D.By rewarding positive reviewers and threatening negative reviewers. 7.What does the frog analogy imply about consumers? A.They are as adaptable as frogs in hot water. B.They are easily frightened by sudden threats. C.They fail to notice the gradual loss of their freedom. D.They should fight against terrible acts immediately. 8.What does the author suggest about the current rating system? A.It effectively promotes honest sellers. B.It prioritizes dishonest sellers over high-quality ones. C.It has been improved by e-commerce platforms. D.It is unaffected by consumer feedback and product quality. 答案与分层梯度式解析 Part 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas 基础过关练 Ⅰ.1.potentially　考查副词。句意:低头看手机可能会给颈部和上背部带来压力,从而可能导致“短信脖”。设空处修饰causing,应用副词作状语,表示“可能地”,故填potentially。 2.distribution　考查名词。句意: 先前的研究已经表明,海洋温度的改变会影响许多鱼类的分布和繁殖能力。根据空前的动词affect和冠词the可知,设空处应用名词,与the reproductive ability并列作affect的宾语。由语境可知,此处表示“分布”,故填distribution。 3.on/about　考查介词。句意:该学者的报告提供了关于实施该建议所需内容的详细指导。guidance on/about关于……的指导。 4.to/among　考查介词。句意:这些慈善机构把多余的食物收集起来,以便可以分发给需要的人。distribute...to/among...为固定搭配,意为“把……分发给……”。 5.consultants　考查名词。句意:现在一些学校都有心理咨询师来帮助有心理压力的学生。根据空前的形容词psychological可知,设空处应用名词作have的宾语;结合语境可知,此处表示“咨询师,顾问”,应用名词consultant。consultant为可数名词,其前无冠词等限定词修饰,应用其复数形式。故填consultants。 类比启发 　　-ant作名词后缀时,表示“做某事的人或物”。常见的加-ant构成名词的有assist(帮助)→assistant(助手);apply(申请)→applicant(申请者);inhabit(居住于)→inhabitant(居民)等。 -ant还可以作形容词后缀,表示“具有……性质的”。常见的加-ant构成形容词的有differ(不同)→different(不同的);please(使愉快)→pleasant(令人愉快的)等。 6.for　考查介词。句意:随着开发者推出更复杂、更擅长模仿人类的交流方式的模型,人们与这些聊天机器人建立准社交关系的可能性可以说更大了。potential for doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“做某事的可能性”。 7.had purchased　考查时态。句意:由于夜间气温降至冰点以下,她便用被子盖住了自己——这是她最近为一位朋友购买的礼物。由语境可知,“买礼物”这件事发生在covered之前,即过去的过去,应用过去完成时。故填had purchased。 8.that　考查强调句型。句意:他们直到完成了这项庞大且繁重的建筑任务才回到家休息。It was not until...that...为强调句型,是对“not until...”部分的强调。 9.which　考查定语从句。句意:那就是为什么大多数宠物猫能够立即判断出它们的主人是否曾在任何其他猫身边,这是它们通常不喜欢的。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面提到的“它们的主人在任何其他猫身边”这种情况,设空处在从句中作like的宾语,故填which。 Ⅱ.1.As to　2.started out　3.ended up　4.row upon row 5.a world away from Ⅲ.1.has the potential to stand out 2.are more willing to make a purchase online 3.am bitten by the bug 4.It was under your professional guidance that 能力提升练 Ⅰ.1.Surrounded　考查过去分词。句意:在成长的过程中,张悦被玫瑰包围着,但她很少关注玫瑰。分析句子结构可知,“Zhang Yue paid them little attention”为句子主干,“　1　by roses...up”在句中作状语,句子已有谓语动词paid,则设空处应用非谓语动词形式。句子的主语Zhang Yue与surround之间为逻辑上的被动关系,因此用过去分词短语作状语。设空处位于句首,所填词的首字母应大写。故填Surrounded。  2.from　考查介词。句意:在从海外大学毕业回来看望父母后,她才意识到这种潜力。graduate from毕业于。故填from。 3.which　考查定语从句。句意:因此,张悦决定回到她的家乡种植玫瑰,这让很多人感到惊讶。分析句子结构可知,“　3　surprised many people”为设空处引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,因此用which。  4.has been bitten　考查动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,她并不是唯一热衷于创业的年轻人。“that 　4　by the start-up bug so far”为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词young person,结合语境和时间状语so far可知定语从句应用现在完成时。定语从句的关系代词that代替先行词在从句中作主语,从句谓语的人称和数应与先行词保持一致,先行词为单数,且前边有the only修饰,则定语从句的谓语应用第三人称单数形式。由固定短语be bitten by the...bug(热衷于……,对……着迷)可知that与bite之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填has been bitten。   5.investment　考查名词。句意:少数人像张悦一样,最终幸运地得到了更有经验的商人的投资和支持。由空后的“and support”可知设空处与“support”为and连接的并列成分,作getting的宾语,则设空处应用名词;由语境可知此处表示“投资”,investment表示“投资”时为不可数名词。故填investment。 6.luckily　考查副词。句意同上。设空处作状语,应用副词。lucky的副词形式为luckily,表示“幸运地”。故填luckily。 7.to learn　考查动词不定式。句意:作为一个在农村长大的人,张悦已经知道如何种植植物,但作为一个初学者,她还有很多东西要学。have a lot to do意为“有许多要做的事”,其中to do作定语修饰a lot。故填to learn。 8.a　考查冠词。句意:她克服了一些障碍,使她的生意取得了今天的成功。a number of一些,若干。故填a。 9.Seeing　考查现在分词。句意:看到同龄人也梦想着成功和独立,张悦的心情很复杂。分析句子结构可知,空处应用非谓语动词形式,Zhang与see之间为逻辑上的主动关系,因此用现在分词表示主动,作状语。故填 Seeing。 10.realistic　考查形容词。句意:尽管她欢迎这种新的创业精神,但她建议人们要现实一点,在采取行动之前寻求专家顾问的指导。设空处作表语,且根据语境可知设空处表示“现实的”,故用形容词realistic。 Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国年轻人因为环保、实惠而热衷于二手交易,二手市场发展快但尚处早期,需要采取切实可行的措施促进其发展。 【高频词汇】　1.relatively adv.相对地　2.inexpensive adj.不昂贵的　3.notably adv.尤其;显著地　4.volume n.量;体积;音量 【熟词生义】　exhibit 熟义:v.展览;展出　生义:v.表现,显示,显出 1.who　考查定语从句。句意:一位住在海淀区姓张的北京居民由于租房合同快到期了,所以她决定搬家。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是A Beijing resident,指人,设空处在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who。 2.was nearing　考查时态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子结构可知,as引导原因状语从句,空处为该从句的谓语。由主句的谓语decided及语境可知从句应用过去的某种时态;由句意可知,此处表示“接近,临近”,应用过去进行时强调“逐渐接近租房合同的终止”的动态过程。该从句的主语her rental contract是单数,故填was nearing。 3.environmentally　考查副词。空处修饰空后的形容词friendly,应用副词作状语。environmental的副词形式为environmentally,意为“有关环境地,环境方面地”,符合语境,故填environmentally。environmentally friendly意为“环保的”。 4.of　考查介词。句意:这些产品质量好而且相对便宜。be of good quality是固定搭配,意为“质量好的”。 易错归因 　　本题容易误填in。此处为“be of+n.”结构,是固定用法,而in表示“在……方面”,in quality表示“在质量方面”,没有in good quality这种搭配。 5.higher　考查形容词比较级。句意:根据一份关于中国电子商务绿色发展的报告,90后和00后对“绿色消费”的理解度明显比其他年龄组更高。根据“compared to other age groups”可知,此处是90后和00后与其他年龄组进行比较,所以用形容词比较级higher。 6.accounting　考查现在分词。句意:闲鱼是中国最大的二手商品交易平台之一,拥有超过1亿用户,95后几乎占其用户的一半,2023年他们在闲鱼上平均每人赚了2,700元。“with post-95s 　6　 for almost half of its users”为with的复合结构,宾语post-95s与account for之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填accounting。  7.an　考查冠词。句意同上。an average of 表示“平均” ,为固定搭配。 8.categories　考查名词的数。category表示“类别”,为可数名词;根据all可知,此处要用名词复数形式。故填categories。 9.is expected　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:预计到2030年,这一交易量将超过3万亿元。句子表示一般情况,应用一般现在时。be expected to do sth.意为“被预计做某事”,应用被动语态;主语The volume表示单数概念,故填is expected。 10.to expand　考查动词不定式。句意:然而,专家表示,二手经济仍处于其早期阶段,需要采取切实可行的措施,如填补政策空白、完善回收体系、探索新的交易途径,以扩大绿色消费市场。由句意可知,此处指目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语,表示采取这些措施的目的是扩大绿色消费市场。故填to expand。 Ⅲ.A ◎语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了宁芬芳从城市回到农村,成为一名农民的故事,她通过创新的方式改变了当地农业的传统模式,使当地农业变得更加现代化。 【高频词汇】　1.resign v.辞职　2.facilitate v.促进;促使 【熟词生义】　farm 熟义:n.农场　生义:v.种田 【差距词汇】　1.tremendous adj.极大的;巨大的 2.weigh up the pros and cons权衡利弊 1.A　推理判断题。根据第二段提到的宁芬芳在2020年辞去职务,成为全职农民,租用农田,雇用村民来耕种和第四段讲到的她提倡使用收割机、耕耘机和无人机等机械进行机械化耕作,并且计划开发张家界的农业旅游资源,让生活在城市的孩子们体验农业可推知,宁芬芳推动了当地农业的发展。故选A。 易错归因 　　本题易误选B项。根据文章最后一段可知,宁芬芳是第十四届全国人大代表,目前还在任期内,而B项中的“was once in”暗示目前已经不在了,与文中信息相悖。 2.D　主旨大意题。第三段讲到,在农村,年轻人成为农民是非常罕见的,因为农业是劳动密集型的,需要经常在泥泞的环境中工作;务农传统上被视为“不适合”90后和女性的工作;务农比她想象的要困难得多,由于高强度的劳动,她经历了巨大的痛苦,并且有巨大的精神压力。由此可知,第三段主要讲了宁芬芳在农业上面临的挑战和困难。故选D。 3.C　细节理解题。第四段讲到,她试图把务农变成一种“时髦”的工作,她提倡机械化农业,而不提倡依赖人力的传统农业方法。由此可知,宁芬芳的农业与传统农业的不同之处在于她采用了农业机械。故选C。 4.C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It􀆳s never easy”和“farming is labour-intensive and requires constant work in the mud”可知,农业劳动强度大,需要在泥地里不断工作,这件事并不容易。尽管如此,她也没有放弃,由此可以看出宁芬芳是坚韧不拔的(persevering)。再根据第四段中的“Instead of traditional farming methods which rely on human labour, Ning promotes mechanized farming, such as using harvesters, cultivators and drones.(宁芬芳提倡机械化农业,如使用收割机、耕耘机和无人机,而不是依赖人力的传统农业方法。)”可知,宁芬芳提倡机械化农业,是有创新精神的(innovative)。故选C。A.沮丧但体贴的;B.谦虚且精力充沛的;D.敏感且好斗的。 B ◎语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了电商平台通过“虚假评价提升”手段操控评论,导致真实反馈逐渐消失的问题,并呼吁消费者和监管机构采取行动。 【高频词汇】　1.relevant adj.紧密相关的;切题的 2.emergence n.出现;显现　3.apparent adj.显而易见的 4.turn a blind eye to对……视而不见　5.against all odds尽管困难重重　6.persist v.继续存在 【熟词生义】　1.practice 熟义:n.实践;练习　生义:n.通常的做法　2.silence 熟义:n.安静　生义:v.压制 3.voice 熟义:n.声音　生义:n.呼声;意见 v.表示;表达 【差距词汇】　1.corrupt adj.不道德的;腐败的 2.crackdown n.严厉打击;镇压 5.D　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“many businesses and platforms are using shady practice to silence negative feedback and ensure only those voices benefiting them remain”和第二段最后一句“This behavior...will cause trouble.”以及下文对“虚假评价提升”的阐述可知,文章主要讨论的是由于“虚假评价提升”导致真实反馈减少的现象。故选D。 6.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Many online businesses...through giving bonuses and rewards to customers who leave a good review or through bothering and threatening those who leave a negative one.”可知,商家通过奖励好评者和威胁差评者来确保高评分。故选D。 7.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We consumers are just like frogs—it􀆳s easy for us to fight together against terrible acts robbing our freedom, but we often ignore when the same freedom is gradually taken from us.”可知,青蛙的类比暗示了消费者像“温水煮青蛙”中的青蛙一样,正被商家不好的行为慢慢夺去自由,自己却没有意识到。由此可知,消费者没有注意到他们的自由在逐渐丧失。故选C。 8.B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句中的“this system rewards dishonest sellers rather than those selling quality products”可知,作者表明当前的评分系统优先考虑不诚实的卖家而非出售优质产品的卖家。故选B。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $