Unit 2 Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（同步练习）-【学而思·PPT课件分层练习】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（外研版）

Unit 2　Lessons in life Part 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas 基础过关练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.　　　　　 (normal), giant pandas have a lifespan of 18 to 20 years in the wild, and up to more than 30 years in the breeding base.   2.(2025北京)With my father􀆳s support, I learned a valuable lesson: attention cannot be forced; true 　　　　　 (recognize) comes from honourable acts.  3.The windows and walls come alive with vibrant patterns and scenes of family 　　　　　 (reunite) and temple fairs.   4.When you get out of a taxi, make sure that none of your 　　　　　 (possess) are left behind.   5.(2023新课标Ⅰ)You can view these practices 　　　　　 a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.  6.The construction work outside was so 　　　　　 that it became a constant 　　　　　, making it nearly impossible for me to focus on writing my thesis. (distract)  7.(2025四川成都月考)In a way, being a digital nomad (游牧民) is my extreme solution to work-life balance. With great excitement, I am anticipating 　　　　　 (see) who I􀆳ll meet and what I􀆳ll learn.  8.(山东省济南第一中学月考)Dr. Elena Torres, lead researcher of the study, further warns that over-reliance on AI might 　　　　　 (weak) our brain􀆳s natural problem-solving abilities.  9.The detective found the criminal by chance, but he behaved as if nothing 　　　　　 (happen), sending the message to the police secretly.  10.(2022北京) In the latest UN report on global food security, the number of undernourished(营养不良) people in the world has been rising, 　　　　　 great advances in nutrition science.   Ⅱ.选词填空(其中有一项多余) a pleasant surprise; be out of touch with; be reunited with; get distracted by; lose touch with; live life to the full 　　In the digital age, we can easily 1.　　　　　　 numerous electronic devices, which tend to make us 2.　　　　　　 the real world gradually. However, when we use technology properly, it can also bring us 3.　　　　　　. For example, through online learning platforms, we can ultimately gain knowledge and skills to 4.　　　　　　. Also, we can see faraway friends via video calls that we can􀆳t 5.　　　　　　. So we should make up our minds to use technology wisely.  Ⅲ.完成句子 1.(2025浙江1月写作)依我之见,在校园里拍短视频是一种记录校园生活的有趣方式,但它也有它的缺点。(view) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　/　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, filming short videos on campus is a fun way to document campus life, but it also has its drawbacks.  2.预计人工智能与可持续技术的结合将彻底改变城市基础设施。(anticipate) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　the integration of AI and sustainable technologies will revolutionize urban infrastructure.   3.We all recognize that environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems that people are facing now. (句型转换) →　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems that people are facing now.   →Environmental pollution　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 one of the most serious problems that people are facing now. 能力提升练  Ⅰ.课文语法填空 Although Mitch is 　1　 promising sports journalist, he still feels there is something missing from his life. However, this all changes when he 　2　 (reunite) with his favourite professor, Morrie. On learning that Morrie develops a severe illness, Mitch starts visiting him at his house every Tuesday. The 　3　(week) conversations between them turn out to be a series of lessons on the meaning of life.  The following are four readers􀆳 reviews of the book Tuesdays with Morrie. Arthur K:Indeed, it􀆳s a pleasant surprise 　4　(find) that this book is full of joy and hope. I am inspired by Morrie􀆳s bravery towards the end of his life, 　5　 has made me value my own life more.  Amy Wang: While 　6　 (live), we tend to get distracted by unimportant things, such as gathering material 　7　 (possession). What we should do is find out 　8　 is important in our lives and establish our own values.   Marty:Receiving widespread 　9　(recognize), this book did teach me a lesson or two.  Vivian:A lesson of the book is to keep in touch 　10　 the good people you meet as you go through life.  1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　   6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　   Ⅱ.语法填空 (2025湖南长沙市芙蓉高级中学期末) Apart from personal development, assuming responsibility for your actions is also important for the betterment of society. Society is 　1　 organic whole and, as social beings, we have a responsibility to help make a contribution. You may have heard the story of the small boy who tried to save starfish 　2　 (leave) on the beach after a storm, by throwing them back into the ocean. A passer-by told him that he 　3　(waste)his time, for he could not 　4　(possible) save them all. However, the boy was not discouraged, believing that he could make a difference to the ones that he saved. His persistence soon gained recognition—the passer-by felt inspired and joined him in 　5　 (save) the starfish. Similarly, the little things you do can make a difference! For example, picking up garbage around your neighbourhood contributes to a cleaner environment. Reporting a car at abnormal speed helps ensure road safety. Being energy-efficient leads to saving our precious natural resources. Doing volunteer work at a local nursing home brings love and 　6　 (warm) to the elderly. Just like the “starfish boy”, you may even inspire people around you to do the same, 　7　 might be considered an added bonus. Cooperating with each other, we have the power to gradually but continuously advance our society.  So, dear students, take your first step into the adult world by accepting your responsibilities, so that adulthood will be an　8　 (enjoy) and rewarding experience for both you 　9　 those around you. Sometimes, responsibilities may weigh heavily 　10　 you. However, just as the Chinese saying goes, “Jade is good for nothing if not carved.”  1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　   6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　   Ⅲ.阅读理解 A (2025山西太原期中) Nature, with its beauty and simplicity, always offers powerful and clear life lessons when we least expect them. From the perseverance of a tree to the persistence of a river, there􀆳s so much we can learn. Nature reminds us that we must be flexible and embrace change. When a storm howls through the town, uproots the trees and destroys the houses, we have no alternative but to dry our tears, adapt to the sudden change, and rebuild what has been lost during the storm. Experiences like this often throw challenges at us. If we don􀆳t learn how to deal with these unexpected occurrences, we might find ourselves struggling through them without any idea where our lives are headed next! Flowers wait for the right conditions to amaze the world at the most beautiful moment and seeds endure a long journey to become plants, despite many not making it. But if you look close at these little guys, you􀆳ll see that they􀆳re actually pretty cool. Bees busily collecting nectar (花蜜) among flowers and migrant birds winging their ways in the sky seem to be ordinary. However, behind these lies the great collaboration related to survival. Isn􀆳t human society the same? In fact, we need it more than ever! When walking among the mountains, rivers, lakes, and seas, don􀆳t forget to stop your quick footsteps, look up at the leisurely white clouds, bend down to smell the fragrance of the flowers, and let the golden sunlight shine on your face. Immerse yourself in the embrace of nature, appreciating its heavenly beauty. In this way, gratitude will quietly take root in your heart. The lessons of nature are like countless stars, illuminating your way forward. With nature􀆳s wisdom, you will surely write a wonderful chapter of your life. 1.How does the author emphasize the flexibility in paragraph 2? A.By quoting experts. B.By giving an example. C.By asking questions. D.By analyzing causes and effects. 2.What can be learned from the experience of flowers and seeds? A.Patience matters in growth. B.Nature favors the strongest. C.Cooperation ensures survival. D.Beauty requires perfect environments. 3.What is the author􀆳s attitude towards nature? A.Tolerant. B.Caring. C.Hopeful. D.Grateful. 4.Which saying can best describe the main idea of the text? A.Nature offers no ease, but challenges. B.Nature has no calendar, but seasons change. C.Nature appears simple, but unfolds profound truths. D.Nature whispers in growth, but thunders in destruction. B (2025山东枣庄期中) What is our purpose? What aims should we pursue to live a rewarding life or live life to the full? There is no more important topic than the meaning of our life. Among many books which help us find the meaning of life,Man􀆳s Search for Meaning is at the top of my list. It was written by Austrian psychiatrist (精神病学家) Viktor Frankl, who lived from 1905 to 1997. Frankl argues that our primary task in life is to provide it with meaning, whatever form this may take. In the deeply moving book, Frankl relates that those who managed to stay in touch with what made their life meaningful in the Nazi extermination camps were more likely to survive. Their personal meaning took many different forms. It could be a strong desire to return to a beloved person, or complete a creative or intellectual project, or simply the strong wish to help others. If there is a powerful “why” that drives us, Frankl declares, we can tolerate almost any “how”.  Frankl believes that we can discover the meaning of life in three main areas—by doing a deed or creating a work;by meeting with someone or experiencing something;by the attitude we take towards unavoidable suffering. The meaning of our life can be creativity in the broad sense of the word. This includes not only creative works but also merely making something, learning something, or being productive. Meaning can also be found in the experience of love and appreciation of beauty, excellence, culture and nature. More importantly, Frankl argues that meaning has to be located outside ourselves. It has to be discovered in the world rather than in our own souls. “Being a human being,” he writes, “always points, and is directed, to something, or someone else, other than oneself—be it meaning to fulfill or another human being to encounter.” Frankl􀆳s existentialist (存在主义的) approach, then, invites us to let go of our obsession (迷恋) with ourselves and values such as self-realization, self-improvement, and happiness. Instead, he urges us to focus on the meaning that lies outside the boundaries of our own souls. 5.What does Frankl mean by saying the underlined words? A.We are guided by the purpose of life. B.We are encouraged by many questions. C.We are forced to do something unusual. D.We are urged to find the secret of success. 6.What is the third paragraph mainly about? A.How to define the meaning of life. B.Why the meaning of life is important. C.How to find the meaning of life. D.Why we need the meaning of life. 7.What should we focus on according to Viktor Frankl? A.Finishing an ambitious project. B.Making a difference to others. C.Pursuing great success. D.Struggling for happiness. 8.What is the text? A.A news report. B.A short story. C.A diary entry. D.A book review. 答案与分层梯度式解析 Part 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas 基础过关练 Ⅰ.1.Normally　考查副词。句意:通常,在野外生存的大熊猫的寿命是18岁到20岁,而在繁育基地的可活到三十多岁。设空处修饰整个句子,应用副词作状语,由语境可知设空处表示“通常”,故填Normally。 2.recognition　考查名词。句意:在父亲的支持下,我明白了一个宝贵的道理:关注无法强求,真正的认可源于高尚的行为。空前有形容词true修饰,空处应用名词,在句中作分号后内容的主语;由语境可知空处表示“认可”,故填recognition。 3.reunions　考查名词。句意:有了充满活力的图案以及家庭聚会和庙会的场景,窗户和墙壁变得栩栩如生。分析句子可知,“family 　　　”与“temple fairs”并列作of的宾语,由此推断设空处应用名词。结合句意和空前的family可知此处表示“家庭聚会”,应用名词reunion;reunion表示“聚会”时是可数名词,空前无限定词,应用其复数形式。故填reunions。   4.possessions　考查名词。句意:下出租车时,你要确保你的东西一件都没有落下。根据空前的介词of和形容词性物主代词your可知,设空处应用名词。根据句意可知,设空处的意思为“所有物”,应用名词possession。possession意为“所有物”时是可数名词,根据空前的none of your和空后的are可知应用其复数形式。故填possessions。 5.as　考查介词。句意:你可以将这些做法视为一个工具箱,旨在帮助你努力建立一个适合自身特定情况的极简生活方式。view...as...为固定搭配,意为“把……视为……”。故填as。 类比启发 　　“把......视为/看作......”的近义表达还有: regard/consider/see/treat...as...; look on/think of...as...。 6.distracting;distraction　考查形容词和名词。句意:外面的施工太让人分心了,以至于它成了一个持续的干扰,让我几乎无法集中精力撰写我的论文。由第一空前的“was so”可知,应用形容词作表语,结合句意可知这件事是“使人分心的;使人心烦意乱的”,应用distracting。由第二空前的“a constant”可知,要用单数名词,表示“分散注意力的事物”,故填“distraction”。 易错归因 　　第一空易混淆以-ed结尾的分词形容词和以-ing结尾的分词形容词。以-ed结尾的分词形容词常表示“感到……的”,可以修饰人及人的表情等。以-ing结尾的分词形容词常表示“令人……的”,多用来修饰物。如:distracted分心的, distracting使人分心的;embarrassed尴尬的, embarrassing令人尴尬的。 7.seeing　考查动名词。句意:从某种意义上说,成为一位数字游牧民是我解决工作与生活平衡问题的极端方式。我无比兴奋地期待着见到什么样的人、学到些什么。anticipate doing sth.意为“期待做某事”。故填seeing。 8.weaken　考查动词。句意:该研究的首席研究员Elena Torres博士进一步警告称,过度依赖人工智能可能会削弱我们大脑的自然解题能力。由句意可知,空处表示“削弱”,应用动词weaken;空前有might,应用动词原形,故填weaken。 9.had happened　考查虚拟语气。句意:那位侦探偶然发现了罪犯,但他表现得好像什么事都没发生一样,秘密向警方发送了信息。由句意可知,as if引导的方式状语从句要用虚拟语气,表示不是真实的情况;由behaved及语境可知,此处表示对过去事情的虚拟,从句要用过去完成时。故填had happened。 10.despite　考查介词。句意:尽管营养科学取得了巨大的进步,但在联合国关于全球食品安全的最新报告中,世界上营养不良人口的数量仍一直在上升。由语境和句子结构可知,空前后为转折或让步关系,设空处与空后的名词短语连起来作状语,设空处无提示词,空后为名词短语,推断设空处用介词,表示“尽管”,故填despite。 Ⅱ.1.get distracted by 　2.lose touch with 3.a pleasant surprise　4.live life to the full　5.be reunited with Ⅲ.1.In my view;From my point of view 2.It is anticipated that 3.It is recognized that; is recognized as 能力提升练 Ⅰ.1.a　考查冠词。journalist为可数名词,根据空后的“promising sports journalist”及句子结构可知,此处应填冠词。由语境可知,此处表示“一位……的记者”,表泛指,应用不定冠词,且promising以辅音音素开头,故填a。 2.is reunited　考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句中when引导时间状语从句,设空处作从句的谓语。由主句中的changes及语境可知,从句也应用一般现在时;分析句子结构可知,从句主语he与reunite之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语为第三人称单数,故填is reunited。 3.weekly　考查形容词。根据空后的名词conversations可知,设空处应用形容词作定语修饰名词;此处表示“每周的”,故填weekly。 4.to find　考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,此句使用了“it is+n.+to do sth.”结构,其中it为形式主语,不定式短语作真正的主语,设空处应用动词不定式,故填to find。 5.which　考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指物,关系词在从句中作主语,故填which。 6.living　考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知,“While　6　”为状语从句的省略形式,还原后为“While we are living”,此处省略了主语we和助动词are,故填living。  7.possessions　考查名词的数。根据空前的形容词material可知,设空处应用名词作gathering的宾语。possession表示“财产,财物”时为可数名词且常用复数形式,且空前没有冠词等限定词,故填possessions。 8.what　考查连接代词。句意:弄清楚在我们的生活中什么是重要的并且建立我们自己的价值观是我们应该做的事。分析句子结构可知,“ 　8　is important in our lives”是设空处引导的宾语从句,作find out的宾语,且从句缺少主语,结合句意可知,设空处表示“什么”,应用连接代词what。  9.recognition　考查名词。根据空前的形容词widespread可知,设空处应用名词作Receiving的宾语,表示“认可”,故填recognition。 10.with　考查介词。keep in touch with与……保持联系。故填with。 Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了承担行为责任对个人发展和社会改善十分重要,小事能带来改变,个人携手可推动社会进步。 【高频词汇】　1.apart from 除了……还　2.make a contribution做贡献　3.discouraged adj.气馁的 4.persistence n.坚持不懈　5.energy-efficient adj.节能的;高能效的　6.rewarding adj.值得做的,有意义的 【熟词生义】　assume 熟义:v.假设　生义:v.承担(责任) 1.an　考查冠词。此处想表达“社会是一个有机整体”,设空处应用不定冠词表泛指;organic 是以元音音素开头的单词,故填an。an organic whole表示“一个有机的整体”。 2.left　考查过去分词。句意:你或许听过这个小男孩的故事,暴风雨过后,他把被留在海滩上的海星扔回大海,努力去拯救它们。分析句子结构可知,设空处作后置定语修饰starfish,starfish和leave是逻辑上的被动关系,要用过去分词。故填left。 3.was wasting　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:路人告诉他,他正在浪费时间,因为他根本不可能救下所有海星。由 told和语境可知,设空处表示路人说话时,小男孩当时正在做的事,应用过去进行时,且主语he为第三人称单数。故填was wasting。 4.possibly　考查副词。设空处修饰动词save作状语,应用副词。故填possibly。 5.saving　考查动名词。句意:他的坚持很快得到赞誉,路人受到了鼓舞,加入了他拯救海星的行列。设空处作介词in的宾语,应用动名词形式。故填saving。 6.warmth　考查名词。and连接并列成分,设空处和love并列,love是名词,所以此处要用warm的名词形式。故填warmth。 7.which　考查定语从句。句意:就像“海星男孩”一样,你甚至可以激励你周围的人也这样做,这可能被认为是额外的奖励。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整个主句“you may even inspire people around you to do the same”,关系词在从句中作主语。故填which。 8.enjoyable　考查形容词。句意:所以,亲爱的同学们,通过承担你的责任,迈出你进入成人世界的第一步,这样,成年对你和你周围的人来说都将是一段愉快而有益的经历。设空处与形容词rewarding并列作定语修饰名词experience,应用形容词。故填enjoyable。 9.and　考查连词。由both you 　9　 those around you可知,此处使用的是固定搭配both...and...。 故填and。  10.on　考查介词。句意:有时,责任可能会强烈加重你的思想负担。weigh on sb.是固定短语,意思是“加重某人的思想负担”。故填on。 Ⅲ.A ◎语篇解读　本文是一篇散文。文章通过描绘自然界的景象和生物的行为,传达了关于生活、适应变化、坚持与耐心以及感恩等的深刻哲理。 【高频词汇】　1.perseverance n.毅力,不屈不挠的精神 2.flexible adj.灵活的 flexibility n.灵活　3.destroy v.毁灭,破坏 destruction n.毁灭,破坏　4.occurrence n.发生的事情　5.take root植根;深入人心　6.emphasize v.强调　7.unfold v.展示,透露 【差距词汇】　1.collaboration n.协作　2.immerse oneself in使自己沉浸于　3.illuminate v.照亮 1.B　推理判断题。由第二段中的关键信息“When a storm...Experiences like this...If we don􀆳t learn how to deal with these unexpected occurrences, we might...”可知,作者通过列举“a storm”的例子,说明人生常会遇到类似的挑战,以此来强调灵活应变。故选B。 方法归纳 举例子是一种通过列举实际案例、具体事例来支撑观点、解释概念或说明事物特征的写作手法。常见结构为“主题句+例子”、“例子+主题句”或“例子+主题句+例子”,具体事例多用“for example /instance” “such as” “like”等引出。 2.A　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Flowers wait for the right conditions...and seeds endure a long journey...despite many not making it.”可知,花和种子都经历漫长的旅程才分别开花、长成,所以我们能从花和种子的经历中学到耐心对成长很重要。故选A。 3.D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句“Immerse yourself in the embrace of nature, appreciating its heavenly beauty. In this way, gratitude will quietly take root in your heart.(让自己沉浸在大自然的怀抱中,欣赏它的绝美。这样,感恩之心就会在你心中悄然扎根)”并结合文章表达的通过大自然学到各种人生哲理可知,作者对大自然是感激的。故D。 4.C　主旨大意题。根据第一段和最后一段可知,在美丽而简单的大自然中,有无数的哲理值得我们学习。所以C项(大自然看似简单,却展现了深刻的真理)最能描述文章的主旨。故选C。 B ◎语篇解读　本文是一篇书评,主要讨论了奥地利精神病学家维克多·弗兰克尔在其著作《活出生命的意义》中关于生命意义的观点,包括如何找到生命的意义以及生命的意义应存在于自身之外等内容。 【高频词汇】　1.primary adj.主要的;初级的　2.be likely to do 很可能做　3.survive v.幸存;艰难度过4.declare v.宣称;表明　5.appreciation n.理解;欣赏;感激　6.approach n.方法 v.靠近;接洽;着手处理 【差距词汇】　extermination n.消灭,灭绝 【熟词生义】　relate熟义:v.联系　生义:v.讲述 5.A　推理判断题。根据第二段首句“Frankl argues that our primary task in life is to provide it with meaning, whatever form this may take.(弗兰克尔认为,我们生活中的首要任务是赋予它意义,无论这种意义采取何种形式)”以及该句后文提到的书中多个不同形式的个人意义的例子可知,有不同形式的生命意义的人更可能活下来,强调生命的意义的重要性。由此推断画线部分中的“a powerful ‘why’ that drives us”指的是“生命的意义推动我们”。由此可推断,A项(我们是由生命的意义的所引导的)最符合此处表达的意思。故选A。 6.C　主旨大意题。根据第三段中的重要信息“Frankl believes that we can discover the meaning of life in three main areas—by doing...; by meeting...; by the attitude...(弗兰克尔认为,我们可以在三个主要方面发现生命的意义——通过做……;通过结识……;通过……的态度)”可知,第三段主要讲述的是如何找到生命的意义。故选C。 7.B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“...Frankl argues that meaning has to be located outside ourselves. It has to be discovered in the world rather than in our own souls.”“always points...other than oneself”可知,弗兰克尔认为意义必须在我们自身之外的世界中寻求。根据第五段可知,弗兰克尔敦促我们关注存在于我们自己灵魂边界之外的意义,要求我们放下对自我的迷恋以及对自我实现、自我提升和幸福等价值观的执着。由此可知,弗兰克尔认为我们应该专注于自身之外的意义,B项(对他人产生影响)属于自身之外的意义,符合文意,故选B。 8.D　推理判断题。根据第一段中提到的“在许多帮助我们找到生命意义的书中,《活出生命的意义》是我的首选。它是由奥地利精神病学家维克多·弗兰克尔所著”以及后文对书中关于生命意义观点的阐述可知,本文是一篇书评。故选D。方法归纳 　　书评常包括写作背景,书的名称、作者,主要内容和对书的评价。我们可通读文章,查找并标记以上相关的信息,串联这些信息要点,以确定其是书评。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $