UNIT 12 LESSON 1 SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS（同步练习）-【学而思·PPT课件分层练习】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版）

Part 2　LESSON 1 SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS 基础过关练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.　　　　(百万) of words have been written about the introduction of the new project.   2.Many a student 　　　　(提议) that we shouldn't waste any food or paper, though they appear very easy to get.  3.With j　　　　 efforts, the researchers succeeded in accomplishing the task on schedule.  4.(2022浙江1月)Morse invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic 　　　　(电路).  Ⅱ.一词多义 1.The company's spending has also risen following the launch of a new Sunday magazine. 词性:　　　　　词义:　　　　  2.(2024新课标Ⅱ)Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. 词性:　　　　　词义:　　　　  Ⅲ.选词填空(其中有一项多余) figure out; be dedicated to; come about; come up with 1.The scientist 　　　　　　 the exploration of space to find the new material for mankind.  2.When applying to a college, you'd better　　　　　　what you really like first.  3.(2021天津3月)With that thought in mind, Pruitt 　　　　　　 a plan and posted it on the community website.  Ⅳ.单句语法填空 1.Margaret corresponded 　　　　　 him until his death.  2.You can of course help by giving them a 　　　　　(donate) directly.  3.(2025北京)　　　　　(instant), eyes turned to me with newfound interest and curiosity.  4.(2025湖北荆州期末)With the healthcare system at a crossroads, bridging the gap between digital convenience and medical 　　　　　(accurate) remains critical.  5.He decided to devote the rest of his life to 　　　　　(science) investigation.   6.Children who do badly in school tests often perceive themselves 　　　　　(be) failures.  Ⅴ.单元语法专练 题型(一) 1.又饿又累,我们去最近的商店买了一些食物,然后休息了一下。 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, we went to the nearest shop to buy some food and then had a rest. (读后续写—情节描写)  2.我的英语取得了如此大的进步,以至于老师表扬了我,说与其说我聪明倒不如说我勤奋。 I made such great progress in English that my teacher praised me, saying that I 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.  3.他们是否会按时出现还不清楚。(make;形容词作主语补足语) It hasn't　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 whether they will appear on time.  题型(二) 写出下列句子中合成形容词的意思 1.He is a great all-round player.　　　　　  2.I prefer natural beauty to man-made beauty.　　　　　  3.The track in our school playground is 400-meter-long.　　　　　  4.But this highly informed, self-educated, and admirable person prevented me doing so. 　　　　　  能力提升练 Ⅰ.课文语法填空 　　The world changed completely with a number of amazing discoveries and breakthroughs in medicine, communications, transport and our knowledge of the world and space in the 20th century, so it is impossible to choose the 　1　(important) discovery. However, it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the period.  There is no doubt 　2　 Albert Einstein was one of the 20th century's premier scientists, whose discovery showed how a small piece of mass could produce 　3　 unbelievable amount of energy. In 1928, another important finding 　4　(make) by biologist Alexander Fleming. He discovered penicillin, which Fleming 　5　(perceive) could be used to kill bacteria. During World War Ⅱ, the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles and with the joint effort of Eckert and Mauchly the world's first computer was born. With the 　6　(develop) of computers, people expected to get more things 　7　(do) efficiently. In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, which enabled computers all over the world 　8　(communicate) with each other.  These pioneers of the 20th century were all dedicated 　9　 improving the quality of human life on Earth. Without their work, the world would be a 　10　(complete) different place.  1.　　　　　2.　　　　　3.　　　　　4.　　　　　5.　　　　  6.　　　　　7.　　　　　8.　　　　　9.　　　　　10.　　　　  Ⅱ.语法填空 (2024湖南长沙雅礼教育集团期中) In the evolving landscape of digital technology, history is no longer confined to the 　1　(page) of a book or the traditional canvases of timeless artworks. This reality is remarkably demonstrated by the revitalization of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, one of the 　2　(precious) ink wash paintings in China, through the innovative use of digital technology. This historical masterpiece, a scroll stretching 5.28 meters long, by the renowned Song Dynasty painter Zhang Zeduan, has been transformed into 　3　 immersive(沉浸式的) digital version.  The digital recreation, currently on display in Nanning, Guangxi, brings to life the activities of 1,068 moving figures, 73 domestic animals (including cattle, horses, donkeys and mules), and 29 boats sailing on the river, all 　4　(vivid) describing the busy life in Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, 　5　 is modern-day Kaifeng. As the audience immerse 　6　(they) in this digital exhibition, they gain insights into China's splendid past, 　7　(witness) its impressive economic growth. The digital version of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival 　8　(draw) admiration worldwide since its first appearance at the Shanghai World Expo in 2010. It has journeyed to Singapore, Malaysia, and New Zealand, displaying the combination of art and technology and granting the global public an opportunity 　9　(appreciate) this iconic illustration of China's rich history and cultural heritage. It also demonstrates the power of technology 　10　 preserving history and bringing history to life, allowing us to marvel at our past in ways we could have only once imagined.  1.　　　　　2.　　　　　3.　　　　　4.　　　　　5.　　　　  6.　　　　　7.　　　　　8.　　　　　9.　　　　　10.　　　　  Ⅲ.阅读理解 A (2025安徽省“江南十校”联考) In Portugal, near the town of Alqueva, lies Europe's largest artificial lake, home to an innovative floating solar-power plant developed by EDP, a leading renewable energy company. Despite initial skepticism about the high costs and potential issues of floating solar technology, this project represents the sector's maturation and readiness for expansion. 　　In this first phase of the project at Alqueva, engineers have stationed some 12,000 PV modules(光伏组件) on floating platforms made from partially recycled plastic and locally sourced soft wood. These are connected to an energy-storage system combining batteries and are integrated with the hydroelectric dam's power station. Floating solar projects do face plenty of challenges. The kit has to be water-, wave-, wind- and storm-resistant, which adds complexity and cost. The fish in lakes attract plenty of birds, whose droppings can block the sun. To deal with this, engineers for the project at Alqueva have developed remote-controlled cleaning robots and are working on autonomous ones. Yet floating solar projects also enjoy several advantages. When located at existing hydroelectric dams they do not require any additional land and can be connected to the grid(输电网) without the multi-year wait common for solar projects. The cooling effect of being on water boosts the efficiency of the modules, with studies suggesting gains of between 5% and 15% over land-based PV modules, while the shade they produce slows the water loss of the lake. EDP views floating solar technology as a cornerstone of its renewable energy strategy. The initial capacity of 5 megawatts(MW, 兆瓦) at Alqueva may seem modest, but it's just the beginning. The company is planning a second phase, which will see an additional 70 MW capacity by 2025. According to Wood Mackenzie, a leading consultancy, floating solar technology could deliver up to 60,000 MW of renewable energy globally by 2031. “This may pale in comparison to 1,600,000 MW of the solar capacity installed as of last year. But every bit counts,” he added. 1.Which of the following best describes the EDP project? A.It went unquestioned. B.It can be costly but eco-friendly. C.It has already expanded. D.It is separated from the power station. 2.What can be learned about floating solar projects? A.Engineers have developed auto cleaning robots. B.Floating solar projects demand less time for grid access. C.Land-based PV modules are more productive than floating ones. D.The PV modules decrease the water level of the lake. 3.What might EDP agree with according to the last paragraph? A.The project at Alqueva is an instant success. B.By 2025 the project at Alqueva will provide 70 MW capacity. C.The project will generate the majority of global renewable power. D.The floating solar technology has a promising future. 4.What is a suitable title for the text? A.Floating Solar Technology Ready to Shine B.Solar Power or Hydropower C.The Dawn of Renewable Energy D.A Glimpse into Global Floating Solar Farms B (2025浙江杭州模拟) A new kind of solar panel, developed at the University of Michigan, has achieved high efficiency in transforming water into hydrogen and oxygen—imitating a crucial step in natural photosynthesis (光合作用). The outdoor version of the experiment, with less reliable sunlight and temperature, achieved 6.1% efficiency in turning the energy from the sun into hydrogen fuel. However, indoors, the system achieved 9% efficiency. But the biggest benefit is driving down the cost of sustainable hydrogen. This is enabled by reducing the size of the semiconductor (半导体), typically the most expensive part of the device. The team's self-healing semiconductor withstands concentrated light. “We believe that artificial photosynthesis devices will be much more efficient than natural photosynthesis, which will provide a path toward carbon neutrality,” Zetian Mi, a U-M professor of electrical and computer engineering, who led the study, reported in Nature. The new technology has two advances. The first is the ability to concentrate the sunlight without destroying the semiconductor that traps the light. “We reduced the size of the semiconductor by more than 100 times compared to some semiconductors only working at low light intensity,” said Peng Zhou, a U-M research fellow in electrical and computer engineering and the first author of the study. “Hydrogen produced by our technology could be very cheap.” And the second is using both the higher energy part of the solar spectrum(光谱) to break down water and the lower part of the solar spectrum to provide heat that encourages the reaction. The magic is enabled by a semiconductor catalyst(催化剂) that improves itself with use, resisting the degradation (退化) that such catalysts usually experience when they trap sunlight to drive chemical reactions. The next challenges the team intends to tackle are to further improve the efficiency and to achieve super high purity hydrogen that can be directly fed into fuel cells. 5.What leads to the lower cost of sustainable hydrogen? A.Solar energy. B.The smaller semiconductor. C.Natural photosynthesis. D.More concentrated light. 6.What is an advantage of the new technology? A.Easy availability to a catalyst. B.Creative use of the solar spectrum. C.The outstanding ability to reflect light. D.A semiconductor working at low light intensity. 7.Why are the two advances of the new solar panel mentioned? A.To introduce a greener lifestyle. B.To promote its commercial value. C.To state its technical breakthrough. D.To advertise the potential application. 8.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.A New Trend in Water Usage B.The Future of Sustainable Hydrogen C.Solar Energy: More Efficient, Greener D.Cheaper Hydrogen Through Solar Power 答案与分层梯度式解析 Part 2　LESSON 1 SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS 基础过关练 Ⅰ.1.Millions　2.proposes　3.joint　4.circuit Ⅱ.1.名词;发行　句意:该公司的花费也随着一份新的星期日杂志的发行而增加了。 2.动词;发动,发起　句意:自去年3月该项目启动以来,乘客们已经印刷了近两万篇短篇故事和诗歌。 Ⅲ.1.is dedicated to　2.figure out　3.came up with Ⅳ.1.with　考查介词。correspond with为固定搭配,意为“与……通信”。故填with。句意:玛格丽特和他保持通信,直到他去世。 2.donation　考查名词。空格处前有不定冠词a修饰,应用名词。故填donation。句意:你当然可以通过直接给他们一笔捐赠来帮助他们。 3.Instantly　考查副词。设空处作状语,应用副词。故填Instantly。句意:瞬间,众人的目光带着新发现的兴趣和好奇转向了我。 4.accuracy　考查名词。句意:在医疗保健系统面临关键抉择之际,弥合数字便捷与医疗精准之间的差距仍至关重要。between...and...表示“在……和……之间”,设空处作介词between的宾语,应用名词,accuracy为不可数名词,故填accuracy。 5.scientific　考查形容词。空格处作定语,修饰名词investigation,应用形容词。句意:他决定把余生奉献给科学研究。 6.to be　考查不定式。perceive sb./oneself to be...意为“认为某人(自己)是……”。故填to be。句意:在学校测试中成绩不好的孩子经常认为自己是失败者。 Ⅴ.题型(一) 1.Hungry and tired　2.was more diligent than clever　3.been made clear 题型(二) 1.全能的　2.人造的　3.400米长的　4.自学的 能力提升练 Ⅰ.1.most important　考查形容词的最高级。根据空前定冠词the和此处语境可知,空格处应用形容词的最高级形式。故填most important。 2.that　考查同位语从句。There is no doubt that...为固定句式,表示“毫无疑问……”,that引导同位语从句。故填that。 3.an　考查冠词。空格后“unbelievable amount of”中的中心词为amount,前面需用不定冠词构成固定搭配an amount of,且unbelievable以元音音素开头。故填an。 4.was made　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,空格处作句子的谓语;主语another important finding与所给提示词make之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;根据时间状语In 1928可知应用一般过去时,且主语为第三人称单数形式,故填was made。 5.perceived　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,“which Fleming 　5　...”为which引导的定语从句,修饰先行词penicillin;空格处连同前面的Fleming一起作定语从句的插入语,且根据上下文语境可知动作发生在过去。故填perceived。  6.development　考查名词。根据空格前的the和空格后的of可知,空格处用名词。故填development。 7.done　考查过去分词。get sth. done为固定用法,表示“使得某事被做”。故填done。 8.to communicate　考查动词不定式。enable sth. to do sth.意为“使……成为可能”,动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to communicate。 9.to　考查介词。be dedicated to doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“致力于做某事”。故填to。 10.completely　考查副词。设空处修饰空后的形容词different,应用副词作状语。故填completely。 Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,介绍了中国宋代名画《清明上河图》的数字化重现,并探讨了这一创新举措在保存和展示历史文化遗产方面的意义。 【高频词汇】　1.landscape n.局面;风景,景色　2.digital adj.数码的　3.remarkably adv.引人注目地,明显地　4.on display展出　5.witness v.目击;见证　6.preserve v.保护 【差距词汇】　1.confine v.限制;监禁　2.revitalization n.复苏,复兴　3.immerse v.使沉浸在 长难句 原句　It also demonstrates the power of technology in preserving history and bringing history to life, allowing us to marvel at our past in ways we could have only once imagined. 分析　本句为主从复合句。“allowing us to marvel at...”为现在分词短语作状语,其中“we could have only once imagined”为定语从句,修饰先行词ways。 译文　它也展示了技术在保护和重现历史方面的力量,让我们能够以我们曾经只能想象的方式惊叹于我们的过去。 1.pages　考查名词。设空处在句中作宾语,应用名词,根据下文“of a book”可知,此处说的是书页,应填名词的复数形式,故填pages。 2.most precious　考查形容词的最高级。根据上文“one of the”和下文“in China”可知,此处说的是在中国范围内最珍贵的水墨画之一,应填形容词的最高级,故填most precious。 3.an　考查冠词。空后是名词短语,设空处应填冠词,此处泛指“一个沉浸式数字版本”,应用不定冠词,immersive的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。 4.vividly　考查副词。设空处修饰describing,作状语,应用副词,故填vividly。 5.which　考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Bianjing,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,故填which。 6.themselves　考查代词。设空处在句中作宾语,指代主语the audience,表示“观众使自己沉浸在”,应填反身代词,故填themselves。 7.witnessing　考查现在分词。主句中已有谓语动词gain,设空处应用非谓语动词作状语,主语they与witness之间为逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词,故填witnessing。 8.has drawn　考查时态。设空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语“since its first appearance at the Shanghai World Expo in 2010”可知句子强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响,应用现在完成时,故填has drawn。 9.to appreciate　考查不定式。设空处作后置定语,修饰opportunity,应用动词不定式,故填to appreciate。 10.in　考查介词。根据下文“preserving history and bringing history to life”可知此处说的是“技术在保护和重现历史方面的力量”,表示“在……方面”,应用介词in。 Ⅲ.A ◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由EDP公司开发的浮动太阳能发电项目,包括项目的基本情况、面临的挑战、具备的优势以及该公司对其未来发展的展望等。 【高频词汇】　1.artificial adj.人工的　2.innovative adj.创新的　3.renewable adj.可再生的　4.integrate v.(使)合并,成为一体　5.deliver v.递送　6.pale in comparison to相形见绌 【熟词生义】　station 熟义:n.站,火车站　生义:v.安置 【差距词汇】　1.skepticism n.怀疑态度　2.hydroelectric adj.水力发电的　3.autonomous adj.自动的,自主的 长难句 原句　In this first phase of the project at Alqueva, engineers have stationed some 12,000 PV modules on floating platforms made from partially recycled plastic and locally sourced soft wood. 分析　本句为简单句。“In this first phase of the project at Alqueva”为状语,“made from partially recycled plastic and locally sourced soft wood”为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰floating platforms,说明其制作材料。 译文　在阿尔克瓦项目的第一个阶段,工程师们已将大约一万两千个光伏组件放置在用部分回收塑料和当地采购的软木制成的浮动平台上。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Despite initial skepticism about the high costs...this project represents the sector's maturation and readiness for expansion.”可知,该项目虽成本高但体现了行业的成熟,且浮动太阳能是清洁能源,利于环保和可持续发展,所以该项目成本高但环保,故选B。 2.B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“When located at existing hydroelectric dams they do not require any additional land and can be connected to the grid without the multi-year wait common for solar projects.”可知,浮动太阳能项目接入输电网花费时间更少,故选B。 3.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“EDP views floating solar technology as a cornerstone of its renewable energy strategy. The initial capacity of 5 megawatts at Alqueva may seem modest, but it's just the beginning. The company is planning a second phase”可知,EDP将浮动太阳能技术视为可再生能源战略的基石,且后续还有规划,说明EDP认为浮动太阳能技术前景光明,故选D。 4.A　主旨大意题。文章围绕浮动太阳能发电项目展开,介绍了项目情况、优缺点以及未来发展潜力等,整体就是在说浮动太阳能技术已准备好大放异彩,A项符合文意,故选A。 B ◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。密歇根大学通过模仿自然的光合作用,开发了一种新型太阳能电池板,它能高效地将水转化为氢气和氧气。 【高频词汇】　1.crucial adj.至关重要的,关键性的　2.sustainable adj.可持续的　3.typically adv.通常,一般;典型地　4.concentrate v.使……集中;(使)浓缩;聚精会神　5.break down (使)分解;消除;打破 【熟词生义】　trap　熟义:n.陷阱;圈套　生义:v.收集,吸收 【差距词汇】　1.withstand v.承受,经受住　2.concentrated adj.密集的,集中的;浓缩的 5.B　细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“But the biggest benefit is driving down the cost of sustainable hydrogen. This is enabled by reducing the size of the semiconductor, typically the most expensive part of the device.”可知,获得可持续的氢气成本更低的原因是半导体的尺寸更小了。故选B。 6.B　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The new technology has two advances.”和第五段第一句“And the second is using both the higher energy part of the solar spectrum to break down water and the lower part of the solar spectrum to provide heat that encourages the reaction.”可知,这项新技术的一个优势是利用太阳光谱的高能量部分和低能量部分来达到不同的功效,也就是与对太阳光谱的利用有关。B项“创造性地利用太阳光谱”符合语境,故选B。 7.C　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“The first is the ability to concentrate the sunlight without destroying the semiconductor that traps the light.”和第五段第一句“And the second is using both the higher energy part of the solar spectrum to break down water and the lower part of the solar spectrum to provide heat that encourages the reaction.”可知,这种新型太阳能电池板的两项进步分别涉及不同的技术,由此推断文章提到新型太阳能电池板的两项进步是为了陈述其技术突破。故选C。 8.D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了能产生氢气的新型太阳能电池板,第一段引出话题,后边介绍了这种新型太阳能电池板的技术优势和进步,再结合第一段第一句“A new kind of solar panel...has achieved high efficiency in transforming water into hydrogen and oxygen—imitating a crucial step in natural photosynthesis.”和第四段最后一句“Hydrogen produced by our technology could be very cheap.(利用我们这个技术产生的氢气会非常便宜。)”可知,D项“通过太阳能产生的更便宜的氢气”作为标题可以概括本文主旨。故选D。 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $