Unit 5 Saving animals in danger 知识点清单-2025-2026学年沪教版初中英语八年级下册

2025-2026学年沪教版初中英语八年级下册 Unit 5 Saving animals in danger 知识点清单 一、词汇 1. recognize 【发音】/ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ 【释义】v. 认出；辨别出 【拓展】派生词：recognition n. 认出 【例句】 Even though he wore a hat, I could recognize him from his unique way of walking. 尽管他戴了帽子，我还是能从他独特的走路方式认出他。 I recognized him as soon as he came in the room. 他一进屋我就认出了他。 2. mirror 【发音】/ˈmɪrə(r)/ 【释义】n. 镜子 【例句】 She looked at herself in the mirror and tidied up her hair before going out. 出门前她看着镜子里的自己，整理了头发。 The lake was so calm that it acted like a huge mirror reflecting the blue sky. 湖面非常平静，像一面巨大的镜子倒映着蓝天。 3. gun 【发音】/ɡʌn/ 【释义】n. 枪；炮 【例句】 In many countries, it’s illegal for ordinary people to carry a gun in public. 在很多国家，普通人在公共场合携带枪是违法的。 The soldier cleaned his gun carefully to make sure it would work properly. 士兵仔细擦拭他的枪，确保它能正常使用。 4. handsome 【发音】/ˈhænsəm/ 【释义】adj. 英俊的；漂亮的 【拓展】巧妙记忆：hand (手)+some (一些) 【例句】 He’s the most handsome man I’ve ever met. 他是我见过的最俊美的男子。 They bought a handsome wooden table for their new living room. 他们给新客厅买了一张漂亮的木桌。 5. force 【发音】/fɔːs/ 【释义】v. 强迫；迫使 【拓展】其他词性&词义：n. 力；力量 【例句】 ①force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 My parents never force me to do anything that I don’t want to do. 我父母从不强迫我做任何我不想做的事。 The force of gravity keeps us on the ground. 重力使我们停留在地面上。 6. corn 【发音】/kɔːn/ 【释义】n. 谷物；谷粒 【拓展】其他词义：玉米 【例句】 The farmer spread the corns of wheat in the sun to dry them. 农民把小麦谷粒摊在阳光下晒干。 Crops like cotton and corn are harvested in autumn. 像棉花和玉米这样的作物在秋天收获。 7. direction 【发音】/dəˈrekʃn/ 【释义】n. 方向；方位 【拓展】巧妙记忆：direct (v. 指导)+-ion (名词后缀) 【短语及例句】 ①in the direction of 朝……的方向 We saw a group of birds flying in the direction of the south when autumn came. 秋天来临时，我们看到一群鸟朝着南方的方向飞去。 He pointed in the right direction and told us how to get to the museum. 他指向正确的方位，告诉我们怎么去博物馆。 8. progress 【发音】/ˈprəʊɡres/ 【释义】n. 前进；行进 【拓展】其他词义：n. 进步 【短语及例句】 ①make progress 取得进步 With the help of his tutor, he has made great progress in his math studies. 在导师的帮助下，他的数学学习取得了很大进步。 The project is making slow but steady progress towards completion. 这个项目正朝着完成的方向缓慢但稳步地行进。 9. value 【发音】/ˈvæljuː/ 【释义】v. 重视；珍视 【拓展】其他词性：n. 价值； 派生词：valuable adj. 有价值的 【例句】 The old man values the handwritten letter more than any expensive gift. 这位老人重视这封手写信，胜过任何一件昂贵的礼物。 This handmade vase has a special value to our family. 这个手工花瓶对我们家来说有特殊的价值。 10. official 【发音】/əˈfɪʃl/ 【释义】adj. 官方的 【拓展】巧妙记忆：office (n. 办公室) 去掉 e+-ial (形容词后缀）； 其他词性&词义：n. 官员 【例句】 The official news about the sports meeting will be announced on the school website. 关于运动会的官方消息会在学校网站上公布。 The government official explained the new policy to the public. 政府官员向公众解释了新政策。 11. throw 【发音】/θrəʊ/ 【释义】v. 抛；扔 【拓展】过去式：threw；过去分词：thrown 【短语及例句】 ①throw away 扔掉 Don’t throw away the empty bottle. We can reuse it as a flower pot. 别扔掉这个空瓶子。我们可以把它改造成花盆。 He threw the ball to his friend, who caught it easily. 他把球扔给朋友，对方轻松接住了。 12. law 【发音】/lɔː/ 【释义】n. 法律；法规 【拓展】派生词：lawyer n. 律师 【例句】 She wrote a textbook on international law. 她写了一本国际法的教科书。 The new law about environmental protection will take effect next month. 关于环保的新法规下个月将生效。 13. punish 【发音】/ˈpʌnɪʃ/ 【释义】v. 处罚；惩罚 【拓展】派生词：punishment n. 处罚 【短语及例句】 ①punish sb. for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事惩罚某人 The teacher punished me for talking during class. 老师因为我上课讲话而处罚了我。 The punishment should fit the crime. 罚宜当罪。 14. blog 【发音】/blɒɡ/ 【释义】n. 博客 【拓展】派生词：blogger n. 博主 【例句】 She writes a travel blog to share her experiences and photos with readers around the world. 她写旅行博客，和全球读者分享自己的经历与照片。 Sincerity is the key to success for every blogger. 真诚是每位博主成功的关键。 15. publish 【发音】/ˈpʌblɪʃ/ 【释义】v. 发表；公布 【拓展】其他词义：出版，发行； 派生词：publisher n. 出版商；publication n. 出版，发行 【例句】 This article was not published during his lifetime. 这篇文章在他生前未曾发表。 The school will publish the exam results on the notice board next Monday. 学校会在下周一将考试成绩公布在布告栏上。 16. shoulder 【发音】/ˈʃəʊldə(r)/ 【释义】n. 肩膀；肩胛 【短语及例句】 ①shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩 They stood shoulder to shoulder to watch the wonderful parade in the street. 他们肩并肩站着，观看街上精彩的游行。 ②on one’s shoulder 在肩上 She put her bag on her shoulder and walked quickly to catch the bus. 她把包扛在肩膀上，快步走去赶公交车。 17. rare 【发音】/reə(r)/ 【释义】adj. 稀罕的；珍贵的 【例句】 The red-crowned crane is a rare bird that needs our protection. 丹顶鹤是一种珍稀的鸟类，需要我们的保护。 It's rare to see such a beautiful rainbow after a light rain in summer. 夏天小雨后能看到这么美的彩虹，是很稀罕的事。 18. slim 【发音】/slɪm/ 【释义】adj. 苗条的；纤细的 【拓展】近义词：thin adj. 瘦的； 反义词：fat adj. 肥胖的 【例句】 The dancer has a slim figure that helps her move gracefully on the stage. 这位舞蹈家有着纤细的身材，能让她在舞台上优雅地舞动。 She keeps a slim figure by eating healthily and exercising every day. 她通过健康饮食和每天锻炼，保持着苗条的身材。 19. alarmed 【发音】/əˈlɑːmd/ 【释义】adj. 担忧的 【拓展】巧妙记忆：alarm (n. 警报；恐慌)+-ed (形容词后缀)； 其他词义：惊慌的 【短语及例句】 ①be alarmed at 对……感到担忧 Parents were alarmed at the news that some students got lost in the mountain. 家长们对部分学生在山里迷路的消息感到十分担忧。 She felt alarmed when she noticed a stranger following her on the dark street. 当她注意到一个陌生人在黑暗的街道上跟踪她时，她感到惊慌。 20. typical 【发音】/ˈtɪpɪkl/ 【释义】adj. 典型的；有代表性的 【拓展】巧妙记忆：type (n. 类型；典型)+-ical (形容词后缀) 【例句】 This story is a typical example of how hard work leads to success. 这个故事是努力带来成功的一个典型例子。 Her typical morning routine includes jogging and making coffee. 她早晨的例行公事包括慢跑和煮咖啡。 21. thirsty 【发音】/ˈθɜːsti/ 【释义】adj. 渴的；口渴的 【拓展】其他词义：渴望的 【短语及例句】 After playing basketball for an hour, we were all thirsty and drank a lot of water. 打了一小时篮球后，我们都口渴了，喝了很多水。 ①be thirsty for 渴望…… Young people should be thirsty for knowledge to improve themselves. 年轻人应该渴望知识，提升自我。 22. sore 【发音】/sɔː(r)/ 【释义】adj. 疼痛的；酸痛的 【短语及例句】 ①have a sore throat 喉咙疼 She had a sore throat and couldn’t speak loudly at the meeting. 她喉咙疼痛，没法在会上大声说话。 His legs felt sore after he climbed the high mountain the day before. 前一天爬了高山后，他的腿感到很酸痛。 23. red-crowned crane 【释义】丹顶鹤 【例句】 We saw a group of red-crowned cranes flying over the wetland during our field trip. 实地考察时，我们看到一群丹顶鹤飞过湿地。 The red-crowned crane is considered a symbol of good luck in Chinese culture. 丹顶鹤在中国文化里被视为好运的象征。 24. polar bear 【释义】北极熊 【例句】 Polar bears live in the cold Arctic and depend on sea ice to hunt for food. 北极熊生活在寒冷的北极，依靠海冰觅食。 We learned about the living habits of polar bears in our science class. 我们在科学课上学到了北极熊的生活习性。 25. more than enough 【释义】绰绰有余 【例句】 The food we prepared is more than enough for everyone. 我们准备的食物足够大家吃了。 His pocket money is more than enough to buy the book. 他的零花钱买那本书绰绰有余。 26. shoot dead 【释义】枪杀；击毙 【拓展】shoot 的过去式&过去分词：shot 【例句】 Three people were shot dead during the robbery. 抢劫过程中有三人被开枪打死。 It’s illegal to shoot dead wild animals in the nature reserve. 在自然保护区枪杀野生动物是违法的。 27. make use of 【释义】使用；利用 【例句】 We should make use of the public library to borrow books to expand our knowledge. 我们应该利用公共图书馆借书，拓展知识面。 We must make good use of the available space. 我们必须充分利用现有空间。 28. without a care in the world 【释义】无忧无虑 【例句】 When we were young, we could run around the playground without a care in the world. 小时候，我们可以在操场上无忧无虑地奔跑。 We sat on the swing enjoying the warm sunshine without a care in the world. 我们坐在秋千上，无忧无虑地享受着温暖的阳光。 29. ought to 【释义】应该；应当 【拓展】近义表达：should 【用法及例句】 ①用法：ought to 是情态动词短语，后接动词原形，且无人称 / 时态变化；否定式：ought not to /oughtn’t to。 We ought to respect the elderly and help them when they are in need. 我们应该尊重老人，在他们需要时提供帮助。 We oughtn’t to waste food. 我们不应该浪费食物。 30. up to 【释义】到达（某数量、程度等）；至多有 【例句】 This small theater can hold up to 200 people for the performance. 这个小剧院最多能容纳 200 人观看演出。 The temperature in this area can go up to 40 degrees Celsius in summer. 这个地区夏季气温能到达 40 摄氏度。 31. nature reserve 【释义】自然保护区 【例句】 We visited a nature reserve last weekend and saw many rare plants and animals. 上周末我们参观了一个自然保护区，看到了许多珍稀动植物。 Hunting is strictly forbidden in the nature reserve to protect the ecosystem. 为了保护生态系统，自然保护区内严禁狩猎。 32. day and night 【释义】夜以继日 【例句】 The doctors and nurses worked day and night to treat the patients during the epidemic. 疫情期间，医护人员夜以继日地救治病人。 The workers are busy building the new stadium day and night to finish it on time. 工人们夜以继日地修建新体育场，以便按时完工。 33. go missing 【释义】失踪；不见 【拓展】go的过去式：went；过去分词：gone 【例句】 Her favorite notebook went missing yesterday. 她最喜欢的笔记本昨天不见了。 A hiker went missing in the mountain, and the rescue team started searching immediately. 一名徒步者在山里失踪了，救援队立即展开搜索。 34. look for 【释义】寻找 【拓展】近义表达：search for； 辨析：look for 寻找（强调过程）；find 找到（强调结果） 【例句】 She helped her little brother look for his lost toy car in the backyard. 她帮弟弟在后院寻找丢失的玩具车。 I looked for my notebook carefully in the classroom, but I didn’t find it. 我在教室里仔细找我的笔记本，但没有找到。 35. lose one’s life 【释义】牺牲生命；丧命 【拓展】lose的过去式&过去分词：lost； life的复数形式：lives 【例句】 Many firefighters lost their lives while saving people from the big fire. 许多消防员在大火中救人时牺牲了。 He lost his life in a traffic accident. 他在一场交通事故中丧生。   二、常见表达  1. As I was about to catch it, my friend said, “Wait! It’s dangerous to grab it with bare hands!” 就在我要抓住它的时候，我的朋友说：“等等！徒手抓它很危险！” 【知识点1】as引导时间状语从句：当……的时候 【解析】as引导时间状语从句，强调主从句两个动作同时发生。 【例句】 As I was leaving the house, it started to rain. 就在我出门的时候，开始下雨了。 As the sun rose, the sky turned bright. 太阳升起的时候，天空变亮了。 【知识点2】be about to do sth. 即将做某事 【解析】 ①该结构强调动作即将发生； ②常与时间状语从句连用，表示“正要做某事时，突然……”。 【例句】 He was about to shut the door when an idea came to him. 他正准备关门时，突然想起了一个主意。 Hurry up! They are about to start the meeting. 快点！他们马上就要开会了。 2. Years and years later, things are getting better. 一年又一年过去了，情况正在好转。 【知识点】名词+and+名词 【解析】 ①通过重复同一个名词（中间用 and 连接），表示“反复、持续、多次”的含义，强调时间 / 数量的延续性。 ②例如：years and years 年复一年；days and days 日复一日；time and time 一次又一次。 【例句】 We waited for years and years before we finally moved into the new house. 我们等了一年又一年，终于搬进了新房子。 She looked after her sick grandma for days and days without resting. 她一天又一天地照顾生病的奶奶，都没休息。 The teacher explained the problem time and time until everyone understood. 老师一遍又一遍地讲解这道题，直到所有人都懂了。 3. He not only walked his dog, but also fed the cats downstairs. 他不仅遛了狗，还喂了楼下的猫。 【知识点】not only...but also... 不仅……而且…… 【解析】 ①这是一个并列连词短语，用来连接并列成分，表示“递进关系”（强调后者）。 ②连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数要遵循 “就近原则”（即谓语与靠近的主语保持一致）。 ③连接两个独立的句子、且not only 放在句子开头时，not only所在的分句需要部分倒装（即把助动词/情态动词/be动词提到主语前面），but also后的分句保持正常语序。 【例句】 She not only finished her homework but also helped her mom clean the room. 她不仅完成了作业，还帮妈妈打扫了房间。 This movie is not only interesting but also educational. 这部电影不仅有趣，还很有教育意义。 Not only my sister but also I am good at drawing. 不仅我姐姐，我也擅长画画。 Not only the cat but also the dogs are sleeping on the floor. 不仅猫，狗狗们也都睡在地板上。 Not only did he pass the exam but also he got the highest score in the class. 他不仅通过了考试，还得了全班最高分。 4. Since bees usually gather nectar in flowers, she went to the garden to find them. 因为蜜蜂通常在花中采集花蜜，所以她去花园找蜜蜂。 【知识点】since引导原因状语从句：因为，既然 【解析】since引导的原因状语从句，强调双方已知的、显而易见的原因。 【例句】 Since it’s raining outside, we have to stay at home. 因为外面在下雨，我们得待在家里。 Since he was ill, he couldn’t take part in the sports meeting. 既然他生病了，就不能参加运动会了。   三、语法 （一）it 作形式主语 1. 概念 当主语是 “to do不定式” 或 “that从句” 时，为了避免句子头重脚轻，常用 “it” 作形式主语，而把真正的主语后置。 例句： It’s easy to learn English well. 学好英语很容易。 It’s a pity that we missed the bus. 我们错过了公交车，真遗憾。 2. 结构 （1）It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.（描述 “事” 的属性） 例句： It is necessary for students to finish their homework on time. 学生按时完成作业是有必要的。 It is difficult for the old man to climb the mountain. 这位老人爬山是困难的。 （2）It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.（描述 “人” 的品质） 例句： It is clever of her to solve the problem quickly. 她快速解决问题真聪明。 It is silly of him to believe such a lie. 他相信这种谎言真傻。 （3）It is+adj.+that从句 例句： It is clear that he is good at math. 很明显，他擅长数学。 It is strange that she didn’t come to school today. 她今天没来上学，这很奇怪。 It is possible that we will have a picnic this weekend. 我们这周末有可能去野餐。 （4）It is+名词短语+to do sth./that从句 例句： It is a great honor to be invited to your party. 受邀参加你的派对是莫大的荣幸。 It is our duty to protect the environment. 保护环境是我们的责任。 It is a fact that the earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转是事实。 （5）It+seem/appear/happen/occur+to do sth./that从句 例句： It seems to rain this afternoon. 今天下午好像要下雨。 It happened to be a fine day when we went hiking. 我们去徒步的时候碰巧是个晴天。 It occurred that I forgot to bring my umbrella. 我突然想到自己忘带伞了。 （6）It takes/took (sb.) some time+to do sth. 例句： It takes me half an hour to walk to school every day. 我每天步行上学要花半小时。 It took them three years to finish the big project. 他们花了三年时间完成这个大项目。 （7）It is said/reported/believed/considered+to do sth./that从句 例句： It is considered to be one of the best novels of this century. 它被认为是本世纪最优秀的小说之一。 It’s said that a new bridge will be built in my hometown in 2027. 据说我的家乡将在 2027 年建一座新桥。 3. 易错点 在 “It is+adj.+for /of sb. to do sth.” 结构中： （1）若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用 of，此时形容词常为 kind, nice, foolish 等。 例句： It is generous of him to contribute so much. 他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。 （2）若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用 for，此时形容词常为 important, necessary, easy, difficult 等。 例句： It is important for us to live a low-carbon life. 过一种低碳生活对我们来说很重要。 （二）(not) adj. + enough + to do sth. 1. 含义 （1）该结构用来表示某人或某物在某方面达到或未达到某种程度，意为 “（不）足够……”。 （2）enough 在此处是副词，修饰形容词，且置于形容词之后，意思是 “足够地”。 （3）enough 后可以接 to do 不定式作结果状语。 2. 结构 （1）肯定形式：主语+be动词+adj.+enough+to do sth. 例句： He is old enough to go to school. 他长大了，可以去上学了。 It’s warm enough to eat outside. 天气很暖和，可以在外面吃饭了。 （2）否定形式：主语+be动词+not+adj.+enough+to do sth. 例句： The box is not light enough for me to carry. 这个箱子对我来说不够轻，我搬不动。 I’m not strong enough to lift him. 我力气不够大，举不起他。 3. 拓展 too+形容词+to do sth. 太……而不能…… 解析： ①和“not+adj.+enough+to do sth.”都表达因为程度不够，而无法做某事。 ②“too...to”结构中的形容词，是“not...enough”结构中形容词的反义词。 例句： The box is not light enough for me to carry. → The box is too heavy for me to carry. 这个箱子太重了，我搬不动。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $