重难点14 阅读表达专项：关键能力突破（重难专练）（北京专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

重难点14 阅读表达专项：关键能力突破 ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 本专项核心考查方向是 细节理解题（占比约50%）、判断正误并解释题（占比约25%）、开放性观点题（占比约25%），侧重考查信息提取、逻辑分析和语言表达能力， 难点 为 判断正误题中错误信息的精准定位、开放性试题的逻辑连贯与语言规范、复杂语境下的信息整合能力 。 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 1.定位关键词，原文找依据 2.逻辑理清楚，表达要简洁 3.开放题扣题，观点加例证 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 聚焦 3 种类型可稳拿分数题目，确保重难点基础分值 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 聚焦 3 种类型中高难度题目，争夺关键分数 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 挑战高考和模拟综合题型，养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”。 ) 考点 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势 考点1考查细节理解 （5年10考） 2021北京卷—40、41 2022北京卷—40、41 2023北京卷—40、41 2024北京卷—40、41 2025北京卷—40、41 1.主题贴近现实生活：选材聚焦青少年成长、科技应用、生活智慧、社会现象等，贴近学生认知和社会热点。 2.体裁以记叙文为主：5年真题中记叙文占60%，说明文占30%，议论文占10%，侧重考查故事理解和情感态度把握。 3.题型结构稳定：固定为"细节题+细节题+判断正误题+开放题"的组合，各题型功能明确，分别考查信息提取、逻辑验证和价值表达。 4.注重思维深度：避免简单信息复述，要求考生分析原因、推导结论、表达观点，考查辩证思维。 5.语言表达要求高：答案需符合英文表达习惯，简洁准确，开放性试题需控制词数，兼顾逻辑性和规范性。 考点2考查判断正误并解释 （5年5考） 2021北京卷—42 2022北京卷—42 2023北京卷—42 2024北京卷—42 2025北京卷—42 考点3考查开放性观点 （5年5考） 2021北京卷—In addition to improving emotional health, what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument? 2022北京卷—Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why? 2023北京卷—What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits? 2024北京卷—From this story, what can you learn about “independence”? 2025北京卷—How can you put your imagination into practice as Mark and Sally did? 考点一：考查细节理解。 解题规则 ① 题干定位：圈画关键词（人名、地名、事件等）； ② 原文溯源：找到对应段落的同义表达； ③ 精准作答：用简洁语言复述原文信息，避免冗余。 1.（2025·北京·高考真题） There’s something magical about the way imagination works. Around the world, kids are using imagination in ways that were once only found in science fiction. Take the story of Mark Lee. He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. Instead of simply complaining, he decided to do something about it. Using an old 3D printer, Mark started experimenting. He melted (熔化) plastic bottles down and tried shaping them into small bricks. At first, everything went wrong — the plastic broke, the printer jammed, and the pieces didn’t fit together. Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up. But Mark had a different idea. He redesigned the bricks to lock together like puzzle (拼图) pieces and adjusted the heating temperature carefully. After months of trial and error, he succeeded. With a little help from his school and the local community centre, Mark used his bricks to build a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood. And he’s not alone. Thirteen-year-old Sally Carter loved reading fantasy books. Inspired by magical maps in her stories, she wondered: what if we could build a real-world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. Their app quickly grew popular in town and even won a local youth innovation award. 1．What upset Mark when he was biking around his neighbourhood? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．How does the app created by Sally and her friends help? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.（2024·北京·高考真题） Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve. As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures. During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence. My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab. My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. 1．In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan? 2．What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures? 概念理解题（定义/含义类）解题规则 1 定位概念：找到原文中概念出现的段落； 2 提取本质：筛选定义中的核心特征； 3 规范表达：用"主谓宾"结构清晰阐释，避免歧义。 3.（2021·北京·高考真题） Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．Thus，it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends， family members，or classmates rather than holding them back． There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，however，usually involves personal attacks，raising of voices， and storming out．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health．In a study，2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row．When people had an argument that they considered resolved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） of those who avoided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions．In other words，resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half．One day later， people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument． This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution——and you are less likely to be annoyed． According to this passage，what is arguing？ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 原因分析题 解题规则： 1 题干定位：明确"why"对应的核心事件； 2 原文找因：关注"because""this is why""due to"等信号词； ③ 整合答案：若原因分散，需归纳概括，保持逻辑通顺。 4.（2021·北京·高考真题） Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not． Why is it that“the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”？ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 考点二：考查判断正误并解释。 解题规则： ① 拆分题干：将陈述拆分为核心信息点； ② 逐点验证：在原文中找对应依据； ③ 明确错误：下划线标注错误部分，解释时紧扣原文矛盾点。 干扰信息与正确答案特征 干扰信息特征： 1 偷换概念：替换原文关键词（如原文中"part of the profits"改为"all the profits"）； ② 过度延伸：添加原文未提及的信息； ③ 反向干扰：与原文信息完全相反。 正确答案特征： ① 同义替换：用近义词或不同句式表达原文含义； ② 精准对应：与原文细节一一匹配，无遗漏或添加； ③ 简洁规范：符合英文表达习惯，无语法错误。 关键技巧： 1 关注程度副词（all/only/never等）：此类词常为错误点； ② 核对逻辑关系：原文因果、条件关系是否被颠倒； ③ 验证时间/数量：确保数字、时间等细节与原文一致。 1.（2025·北京·高考真题） Using an old 3D printer, Mark started experimenting. He melted (熔化) plastic bottles down and tried shaping them into small bricks. At first, everything went wrong — the plastic broke, the printer jammed, and the pieces didn’t fit together. Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > With encouragement from his friends and parents, Mark built a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood after months of trial and error. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.（2024·北京·高考真题） My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.（2023·北京·高考真题） Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.（2022·北京·高考真题） Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG). Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 考点三：考查开放性观点。 解题规则： ① 紧扣原文：基于文章主题或案例提炼核心观点； ② 结合自身：联系生活实际或个人体验； ③ 结构完整：观点+支撑理由，控制词数，逻辑连贯。 1.（2025·北京·高考真题） There’s something magical about the way imagination works. Around the world, kids are using imagination in ways that were once only found in science fiction. Take the story of Mark Lee. He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. Instead of simply complaining, he decided to do something about it. Using an old 3D printer, Mark started experimenting. He melted (熔化) plastic bottles down and tried shaping them into small bricks. At first, everything went wrong — the plastic broke, the printer jammed, and the pieces didn’t fit together. Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up. But Mark had a different idea. He redesigned the bricks to lock together like puzzle (拼图) pieces and adjusted the heating temperature carefully. After months of trial and error, he succeeded. With a little help from his school and the local community centre, Mark used his bricks to build a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood. And he’s not alone. Thirteen-year-old Sally Carter loved reading fantasy books. Inspired by magical maps in her stories, she wondered: what if we could build a real-world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. Their app quickly grew popular in town and even won a local youth innovation award. Next time you see a young person lost in thought, don’t rush to pull them back. They might just be imagining the next great idea. How can you put your imagination into practice as Mark and Sally did? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.（2024·北京·高考真题） Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve. As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures. During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence. My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab. My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. From this story, what can you learn about “independence”? (In about 40 words) _______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.（2023·北京·高考真题） Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits. Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues. A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is. Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re-evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （建议用时：25分钟） 【类型一：记叙文】 （2025·北京朝阳·一模） Growing up, my favourite children’s book was Amelia Bedelia. Amelia’s silly behaviours that were a result of her literal interpretation of language often had me laughing. When she was told to dust the furniture, instead of grabbing a feather duster, she sprinkled (撒) dust all over the chairs and tables. A classic moment in Amelia’s life. Recently, several of my friends have decided to limit their use of electronic devices for chatting to avoid potential misunderstandings. Yet, I enjoy using these tools to stay connected with my children and grandchildren. But I admit it does lead to more frequent Amelia Bedelia moments. The other day I was providing childcare for my granddaughter Cora and her one-year-old brother, Zay. Zay was sleeping while Cora was in her bedroom colouring, with her tablet right next to her. Hoping to have a few minutes of peace, I told Cora I would be in the backyard and that she should call me if Zay woke up. Shortly after, the door opened. There was Cora, red-faced, struggling to carry Zay. I quickly took him from her, gently scolding (训斥), “Cora, I told you to call me.” She simply replied, “Grandma, I did call you. You didn’t answer. Where’s your phone?” Her call had come via an app on her tablet to my phone which was on the kitchen table. Clearly, we had different ideas of what “call” meant. As my grandchildren become more proficient (熟练) with technology and the language of a different generation, there is no doubt our Amelia Bedelia moments will only increase. I can resist the misunderstandings by putting my phone away, but to enjoy the smile of the loved ones, I’d rather keep it closer to me to experience the silly accidents that will occur. 1．What caused Amelia’s silly behaviours? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．Why didn’t the author’s granddaughter call her the way she had expected? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The author cherishes Amelia Bedelia moments because she wants to resist the misunderstandings. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．If you experience an Amelia Bedelia moment, what would you do? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【类型二：说明文】 （2025·北京东城·一模） Picture this: Your team is racing against time to submit a new proposal. You finally manage to put all the documents together. The proposal looks great and you’re confident that you’ll probably win it. A week later, you get an email: “We really liked your proposal, but we found a mistake in it. So...” You’re frustrated and angry. You call your team in, blame them for not checking the documents carefully, and storm out of the room. What’s the possible result? Your team probably thinks you’re thankless and unkind. Your relationship may be damaged. A study shows that the brain responds more strongly to bad experiences than good ones. The authors concluded that, “Good can only match or overcome bad by strength of numbers.” How much good can overcome bad? Five positive experiences are about equal to one negative one. We are all naturally wired to blame other people or circumstances when things go wrong. This is partially psychological, driven by the fundamental attribution bias. We tend to believe that what people do reflects who they are, rather than considering there may be other factors influencing their behaviour. There is also a biological explanation. Recent research shows that positive events are processed by the prefrontal cortex (大脑皮层)，which takes a while and tends to conclude that good things happen by luck. Negative events, on the other hand, are processed by the amygdala, which controls our fight-or-flight response. The amygdala usually concludes that bad things happen on purpose, and it comes to this conclusion lightning fast. So fast that we don’t even notice we're making an assumption; we just know that the person closest to the problem must have done it on purpose! This leads to the second problem with blame-we don't notice how often we do it. This can be damaging. Our brains interpret blame the same way they interpret a physical attack. When we are blamed, our prefrontal cortices effectively shut down and direct all our energy to defending ourselves, which impacts our ability to solve the problem for which we are being blamed. Now that we better understand the psychology behind blame, what can we do to promote a blame-free culture? 1．What might be the result when you blame others for a team failure? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．What are Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. When we are blamed, our prefrontal cortices will effectively shut down and direct our efforts to reviewing the problem. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．What can you do to help build a blame-free culture in daily life? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【类型三：议论文】 Should We Have a Weekly Screen-free Day? Have you ever asked someone a question, but they didn’t reply because they were looking at their phone or tablet (平板电脑)? Or maybe you planned to play a game online for just 10 minutes, but when you checked the time, hours have passed. People are using technology more than ever before. That’s why the charity Fairplay wants people to really think about how much time they spend using digital devices, like smartphones, tablets or computers. Fairplay wants people to devote (留出) one day a week to living without screens. It says that this will help people “take the time we need to focus on our families and our well-being”. Is this realistic (现实可行的) now? And what if using screens makes you happier? What do you think? Should people have one screen-free day a week? Some people think that we are spending too much time online, which can be really bad for our health. Studies have shown that it can affect our sleep. It also makes it harder for young people to focus for a long time. Even though technology is an important part of people’s lives, so is free time. Less time spent online means more time to live in the real world. Whether it’s playing sports, painting or reading a book, a day offline would help people focus on their hobbies. Hobbies can make people feel more rested and relaxed. Having one screen-free day a week would also bring families together. Screens can take away the quality time they spend with loved ones and can even cause arguments. A day without screens is a simple idea that the whole family can follow. But some people have different ideas. They think instead of banning (禁止) technology for one day a week, we should pay more attention to how often we’re online and how it makes us feel. Scrolling (滑动浏览) on social media can make us feel like we’re missing out, while receiving a funny dog video from a friend can make us feel happy right now. In fact, research has shown that screen time can improve young people’s education and development. It’s also unrealistic to spend a whole day offline—people depend on digital devices to keep in touch. It’s not wise, either. What if we’re in an emergency and need to reach someone? Surely, it’s better to take short breaks every day and turn screens off during mealtimes and an hour or two before bed. A healthy balance is what we should aim for. 1．What does the charity Fairplay want people to really think about? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．What does “less time spent online” mean? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．What do some people think we should do instead of banning technology for one day a week? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．Would you like to have one screen-free day a week? Why or why not? (Please give at least two reasons.) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （建议用时：25分钟） 【类型一：记叙文】 （2025·北京东城·二模） I started running competitively almost as soon as I could walk. I was three years old when I joined in my first official race. My mom and both of my brothers were runners, so the sport was built into my life from the beginning. When I was young, I enjoyed the freedom, joy, and sense of power running gave me. This pure, concentrated love of the sport gave me wings that carried me through even the toughest practices and races. However, as I got older, pressure began to build up. I was winning, but I lost sight of my real purpose as a runner: to have fun. I even began to fear hard workouts, knowing I would be disappointed if I didn’t achieve my goals. Before the final season in my high school career, I trained so hard that I got exhausted and hurt my calf. Rather than pausing for treatment and recovery, I chose to get to the line. But at last, I had to step off the track because the pain was simply unbearable. Recovery was tough. When I was finally able to run again, I was out of shape and couldn’t keep up with my team. Over the next three years, more injuries followed. But later, a famous long-distance runner Cathy’s post changed everything for me. “Every day, I make the choice to show up and see what I’ve got, and to try and be better. My advice: Keep showing up.” With just a few words, she reminded me how simple running really is. I realized I didn’t have to be perfect every day. I just had to show up and give what I had. Now, I still run every day and have completed four marathons. Joy and gratitude are the center of my practice. Thanks to Cathy, I can always return to the calming belief that things will go my way if I just keep showing up. 1．What did running bring to the author when she was young? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．Why did the author no longer enjoy running later? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > Inspired by Cathy’s post, the author realized that she had to focus on pursuing perfection. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．From the story, what can you learn about “Keep showing up”? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【类型二：说明文】 （2025·北京朝阳·二模） Good news for procrastinators (拖延者): There is a way to use procrastination to your advantage. Most procrastinators make the mistake of doing nothing at all. But when you use procrastination as motivation to get things done, you can avoid doing that one thing you really would rather not do and be quite productive. It’s what essayist John Perry calls “structured procrastination”. Let’s say, for example, you have a number of tasks you are avoiding, in order of urgency:1) Finishing an essay; 2) Responding to emails; 3) Cleaning and doing laundry. A non-procrastinator would accomplish these tasks in order of urgency. A procrastinator would avoid doing them altogether. But a structured procrastinator would do them in reverse (反向) — using his desire to avoid writing the essay as motivation to do cleaning and respond to emails. Since he can reprogram by working on other things that are still valuable, he is actually getting a lot done. College senior Jordan Gonen is what you might call a structured procrastinator. When he is overcome with fear of homework, he’ll preoccupy himself with what he calls “quick wins”—sending emails and writing articles for his blog. “It’s still procrastinating my homework, but instead of doing nothing in the meantime, I’m still getting a lot done,” Gonen says. Once he gets through these tasks, Gonen can more easily get into the mindset of tackling his homework. “A lot of these smaller tasks aren’t particularly fun or productive, but if you can really knock them out really quickly over a certain period of time, then you can get a lot more done and it doesn’t feel necessarily worse — you’ re just working 100 percent on whatever you’ re working on,” Gonen says. 1．What is “structured procrastination”? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．How would structured procrastinators handle a number of tasks they are avoiding? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Gonen gets through his smaller tasks first because they are fun and productive. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．Would you use structured procrastination in your daily life? Why or why not? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【类型三：议论文】 （2025·北京西城·二模）请在答题卡指定区域作答。 If you listen to some self-improvement lectures about success, you’ll hear a familiar saying: Hustle (忙碌) harder. It sounds like success is just a matter of willpower and that the life of your dreams is within reach. Many young people are buying into this mindset, spending every waking hour working toward ambitious goals, only to find themselves worn out and unfulfilled. Hustle culture promises success, but it often leads to burnout and disappointment. The truth is that success and fulfillment don’t come from constant struggle. They come from something deeper and more sustainable: persistence (坚持). Hustle culture praises big goals. But what the experts won’t tell you is that most of those goals require a mix of timing, luck, and sometimes even genetics. No matter how hard you hustle, success isn’t always within your control. Persistence culture, on the other hand, takes a different approach. Instead of focusing on massive, high-risk goals, it emphasizes consistent effort over time. It encourages growth, learning, and steady improvement—factors that are within your control. Hustle culture focuses on goals, ignoring the process. It tells you to chase success at all costs, even if that means doing things you hate along the way. For example, you love podcasting (制作播客). You enjoy the connection with your audience. But if you follow hustle culture, your focus shifts to profit, audience growth, and social media engagement. To “succeed,” you have to learn marketing strategies that you don’t actually enjoy. Persistence culture, in contrast, prioritizes the process itself. It asks: Do you enjoy what you’re doing? When you love the process, you don’t need external approval to keep going. Success becomes a byproduct of consistency and passion. Instead of measuring success by external factors, it asks: How can I improve? Maybe your podcast isn’t getting millions of downloads, but are you becoming a better interviewer? Are you developing new skills? These are the measures that matter because they’re within your control. 1．How do many young people feel after following the “hustle harder” mindset? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．Where do success and fulfillment come from? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > Hustle culture focuses on massive, high-risk goals, measures success by external factors and prioritizes the process. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．How are you going to put “Persistence Culture” into practice in your daily life? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （建议用时：25分钟） Passage 1 （2025·北京西城·一模）The convenience of modern life is truly astonishing. As I write this, my phone is wirelessly playing 18th-century classics, and I can use the same device to instantly get a ride or have food delivered. It’s easy to see why we love such shortcuts—they make life easier, save time, and reduce effort. However, many people also recognize that convenience has its darker sides. To understand why, we need to examine why we are so drawn to convenience in the first place. Evolutionary psychology can provide some answers. The concept of “evolutionary mismatch” suggests that we evolved as hunter-gatherers, but while the world has changed, our brains and bodies have not. This mismatch means that our instincts often don’t match modern life. In the past, resistance—whether to avoid unnecessary effort or conserve energy—was vital during tough times, like searching for food in the rain or escaping from danger. Those who stayed sheltered during hard times, like storms when food was scarce, were more likely to survive and pass on their genes. We have inherited (继承) this instinct to conserve energy from them. Innovation has dramatically transformed our world. Technology and our environment have adapted to suit our instinct to conserve energy. But what do we lose when we prioritize convenience? Choosing the easy path consistently weakens our ability to tackle challenges. From an evolutionary view, some discomfort is as essential to survival as rest. Our ancestors didn’t survive by being lazy; they survived by balancing safety with risk. This very struggle shapes and develops our character. In today’s technological world, we must sometimes go against our natural instincts. As a society, we need to remember—and teach the younger generation—that while convenience may feel good in the moment, our ability to adapt and overcome challenges is not only a key part of our evolutionary heritage but also central to the adventure of life. 1．Why do people love shortcuts? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．What does “evolutionary mismatch” mean? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The evolutionary view shows that some discomfort is less important for our survival compared to rest. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．Use an example to show what you can learn about “convenience” from the passage. (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 （2025·北京海淀·一模）As a novice teacher at a kindergarten, I spent a lot of time observing the interaction between experienced teachers and their students. Oftentimes when kids fall, they don’t start crying immediately. Usually kids will be OK until they lock eyes with an adult: one that they trust and know can do something for them. When I noticed this, I so wanted it to happen to me, because that meant I had earned a kid’s trust and had proven that I was able to help them with anything. One day it finally happened. Hearing a kid yell, “Teacher, Sam fell down.” I rushed out and found Sam, who was looking puzzled. When our eyes locked, his lower lips started trembling and tears welled up in his eyes. He ran towards me and let me give him a big hug. We checked to make sure he wasn’t hurt. It was in that moment that I realized something odd. Sam’s vulnerability and coming to me for help was supposed to give me more power. But strangely, the power,I felt,shifted more to Sam, because he was giving me a privilege: a gift for me to do something for someone. With everything I learned from teaching in the kindergarten, I went to conquer other things in life. Later I landed a job to work extensively with volunteers. I loved the relationship I was building there and the feeling of being asked for help. Over time, I increasingly pressured myself to stay busy and helpful. My self-worth became associated with my performance at work, which brought about one of the lowest moments of my life. Even then, my mind was running at a hyper speed into problem-solving mode and it didn’t even occur to me that I could ask for help. I was surrounded by so many people who cared for me,but I just couldn’t see them. Finally, my good friend had to literally hold me by my shoulders and force me to ask for help. With their ongoing support, I overcame one difficulty after another. I love helping others and I firmly believe others are willing to help me. We all want to be the best self in life: strong, independent and self-reliant,but we don’t always have to be. Let’s start asking for help more often, because helping Sams is a privilege and a gift. 1．Why did the author want the kids to turn to her for help? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．What led to one of the author’s lowest moments in life? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The author overcame the difficulties on her own when she was having a tough time. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．From this story, what can you learn about “help”? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 （2025·北京海淀·二模） “Your order is on its way!” Is there any notification that brings more joy than this? But there could be more behind your motivations for hitting “buy now”. A survey found over a quarter of respondents reported “doom spending” — splashing cash on unnecessary purchases despite economic concerns to cope with stress. Doom spending can put you at risk of financial stress, cause tension in relationships, evoke feelings of shame, and drain your bank balance of funds that could be spent otherwise. But why is it so hard to resist the urge to spend? The reason we feel happy and satisfied when swiping our credit cards is the dopamine rush it offers. Interestingly, the dopamine doesn’t turn up in the acquisition of something. It occurs in the impulse or the motivation to go forth and hunt. In other words, it’s the try-on of the perfect shoes or the test drive of the new car rather than the actual buying. So when feeling the urge to buy, pause, note the item and wait at least 24 hours before acting, allowing time for dopamine’s effect to flow through the body. You may find that after the effect wears off, you don’t have the urge to buy. For some people, shopping serves as a coping mechanism — a way to find comfort and build self-esteem or self-confidence. They often turn to that product again and again, hoping it will make them feel a little bit better. However, this inability to properly self-soothe can result in a “treat yourself” mentality after a bad day. If you feel the need for a treat or some self-care, put your credit card away and reach for something more wholesome and long-lasting like meditation, spending time in nature, or connecting with friends. These alternatives not only provide longer-lasting benefits but also help fill your emotional well-being. But being mindful with money doesn’t have to mean avoiding spending on little things that bring you joy. Little splurges and “treat yourself” moments can be a great way to bring happiness if they are controlled. Having allocated funds for “splurge” purchases, and keeping a list on how much to spend from these can create a more mindful approach to spending, rather than one that’s impulsive and stress-motivated. 1．According to the passage, what is “doom spending”? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．What are the alternatives to comfort yourself instead of spending money? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why. Dopamine is released when people actually buy something, which makes them feel happy and satisfied. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．What benefit(s) can you get from being mindful with money? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 1 / 32 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 重难点14 阅读表达专项：关键能力突破 ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 本专项核心考查方向是 细节理解题（占比约50%）、判断正误并解释题（占比约25%）、开放性观点题（占比约25%），侧重考查信息提取、逻辑分析和语言表达能力， 难点 为 判断正误题中错误信息的精准定位、开放性试题的逻辑连贯与语言规范、复杂语境下的信息整合能力 。 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 1.定位关键词，原文找依据 2.逻辑理清楚，表达要简洁 3.开放题扣题，观点加例证 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 聚焦 3 种类型可稳拿分数题目，确保重难点基础分值 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 聚焦 3 种类型中高难度题目，争夺关键分数 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 挑战高考和模拟综合题型，养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”。 ) 考点 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势 考点1考查细节理解 （5年10考） 2021北京卷—40、41 2022北京卷—40、41 2023北京卷—40、41 2024北京卷—40、41 2025北京卷—40、41 1.主题贴近现实生活：选材聚焦青少年成长、科技应用、生活智慧、社会现象等，贴近学生认知和社会热点。 2.体裁以记叙文为主：5年真题中记叙文占60%，说明文占30%，议论文占10%，侧重考查故事理解和情感态度把握。 3.题型结构稳定：固定为"细节题+细节题+判断正误题+开放题"的组合，各题型功能明确，分别考查信息提取、逻辑验证和价值表达。 4.注重思维深度：避免简单信息复述，要求考生分析原因、推导结论、表达观点，考查辩证思维。 5.语言表达要求高：答案需符合英文表达习惯，简洁准确，开放性试题需控制词数，兼顾逻辑性和规范性。 考点2考查判断正误并解释 （5年5考） 2021北京卷—42 2022北京卷—42 2023北京卷—42 2024北京卷—42 2025北京卷—42 考点3考查开放性观点 （5年5考） 2021北京卷—In addition to improving emotional health, what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument? 2022北京卷—Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why? 2023北京卷—What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits? 2024北京卷—From this story, what can you learn about “independence”? 2025北京卷—How can you put your imagination into practice as Mark and Sally did? 考点一：考查细节理解。 解题规则 ① 题干定位：圈画关键词（人名、地名、事件等）； ② 原文溯源：找到对应段落的同义表达； ③ 精准作答：用简洁语言复述原文信息，避免冗余。 1.（2025·北京·高考真题） There’s something magical about the way imagination works. Around the world, kids are using imagination in ways that were once only found in science fiction. Take the story of Mark Lee. He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. Instead of simply complaining, he decided to do something about it. Using an old 3D printer, Mark started experimenting. He melted (熔化) plastic bottles down and tried shaping them into small bricks. At first, everything went wrong — the plastic broke, the printer jammed, and the pieces didn’t fit together. Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up. But Mark had a different idea. He redesigned the bricks to lock together like puzzle (拼图) pieces and adjusted the heating temperature carefully. After months of trial and error, he succeeded. With a little help from his school and the local community centre, Mark used his bricks to build a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood. And he’s not alone. Thirteen-year-old Sally Carter loved reading fantasy books. Inspired by magical maps in her stories, she wondered: what if we could build a real-world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. Their app quickly grew popular in town and even won a local youth innovation award. 1．What upset Mark when he was biking around his neighbourhood? 2．How does the app created by Sally and her friends help? 【答案】 1．Seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. 2．It helps people explore hidden places like small local parks and gardens in their own cities. 1．考查细节理解。根据第二段“He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. (他喜欢在社区里骑自行车，但看到公园和人行道上到处都是塑料瓶，他很沮丧。)” 可知，让Mark沮丧的是看到公园和人行道上有很多塑料瓶。故填 Seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. 2．考查细节理解。根据第五段“what if we could build a real - world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. (如果我们能开发一个现实世界的应用程序，帮助人们探索他们自己城市里隐藏的地方会怎么样呢？她召集了朋友们，学习了一些基本的编程知识，然后他们一起开发了一个应用程序，该程序可以绘制出很少有人知道的当地小公园和花园的地图。)” 可知，Sally和她朋友创建的应用程序帮助人们探索自己城市里像小公园和花园这样隐藏的地方。故填It helps people explore hidden places like small local parks and gardens in their own cities. 2.（2024·北京·高考真题） Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve. As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures. During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence. My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab. My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. 1．In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan? 2．What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures? 【答案】 1．The need to be recognized as an independent scientist. 2．The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在追求科学研究的独立过程中遇到的挑战、失败、学习和成长的故事。 1．考查细节理解。根据第二段“As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. (当我开始设计实验时，我的委员会成员警告我，我将面临的挑战。但是我对独立的需求驱使我推进我的研究计划)”可知，一开始，是作者对独立的需求驱使作者推进这个研究计划。故答案为：The need to be recognized as an independent scientist. 2．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. (我的导师和我想出了一个有点不同寻常的解决方案：我将在一个合作实验室里待上三个月，接受专门培训)”可知，在反复的失败之后，导师和作者的解决方案是，作者将花三个月的时间在合作实验室接受专门培训。故答案为：The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training. 概念理解题（定义/含义类）解题规则 1 定位概念：找到原文中概念出现的段落； 2 提取本质：筛选定义中的核心特征； 3 ③ 规范表达：用"主谓宾"结构清晰阐释，避免歧义。 3.（2021·北京·高考真题） Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．Thus，it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends， family members，or classmates rather than holding them back． There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，however，usually involves personal attacks，raising of voices， and storming out．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health．In a study，2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row．When people had an argument that they considered resolved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） of those who avoided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions．In other words，resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half．One day later， people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument． This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution——and you are less likely to be annoyed． According to this passage，what is arguing？ _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party． 【分析】这是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。因此，向你的朋友、家人或同学提出问题可能是值得的，而不是阻止他们。 考查细节理解。根据第二段“Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．”（争论是你和你的对手提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。）可知，争论是提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。故答案为Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party． 原因分析题 解题规则： 1 题干定位：明确"why"对应的核心事件； 2 原文找因：关注"because""this is why""due to"等信号词； ③ 整合答案：若原因分散，需归纳概括，保持逻辑通顺。 4.（2021·北京·高考真题） Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not． Why is it that“the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”？ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life． 解析：考查细节理解。根据“Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not．”（而且，年纪越大，越有可能在争吵后找到解决办法。这可能是因为更多的生活经历通常会导致更明确的优先事项。你更有可能区分什么是重要的，什么是不重要的。）可知，更多的生活经验可以帮助人们更好地确定生活中的优先事项。故答案填It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life． 考点二：考查判断正误并解释。 解题规则： ① 拆分题干：将陈述拆分为核心信息点； ② 逐点验证：在原文中找对应依据； ③ 明确错误：下划线标注错误部分，解释时紧扣原文矛盾点。 干扰信息与正确答案特征 干扰信息特征： 1 偷换概念：替换原文关键词（如原文中"part of the profits"改为"all the profits"）； ② 过度延伸：添加原文未提及的信息； ③ 反向干扰：与原文信息完全相反。 正确答案特征： ① 同义替换：用近义词或不同句式表达原文含义； ② 精准对应：与原文细节一一匹配，无遗漏或添加； ③ 简洁规范：符合英文表达习惯，无语法错误。 关键技巧： 1 关注程度副词（all/only/never等）：此类词常为错误点； ② 核对逻辑关系：原文因果、条件关系是否被颠倒； ③ 验证时间/数量：确保数字、时间等细节与原文一致。 1.（2025·北京·高考真题） Using an old 3D printer, Mark started experimenting. He melted (熔化) plastic bottles down and tried shaping them into small bricks. At first, everything went wrong — the plastic broke, the printer jammed, and the pieces didn’t fit together. Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > With encouragement from his friends and parents, Mark built a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood after months of trial and error. 答案：According to the passage, friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up; so this part With encouragement from his friends and parents is false. 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段“Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up. (朋友们有点嘲笑，甚至Mark的父母都认为他应该放弃。)” 可知，Mark并没有得到朋友和父母的鼓励，所以“With encouragement from his friends and parents” 这部分是错误的。故填According to the passage, friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up; so this part With encouragement from his friends and parents is false. 2.（2024·北京·高考真题） My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. 答案：The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success. 解析：考查细节理解。根据“My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data.(我的导师认为这段经历是一次开创性的成功，强调了我获得的合作技能。几个月后，当我在家里的实验室里重复这个实验时，我得到了更多可发表的数据)”可知，导师认为作者在实验室的经历是一次开创性的成功，这是因为作者通过与他人合作获得了合作技能，而不是因为产生了可发表的数据。故答案：The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success. 3.（2023·北京·高考真题） Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. 答案：Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months. 解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit.(虽然你可以在几周内养成一个新的习惯，但是要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间)”可知，养成一个新的习惯需要好几周，而要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间。所以句子“Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.”中“a shorter time”错误，应该为many months，故填Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months.。 4.（2022·北京·高考真题） Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG). Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. 答案：Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG. 解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段中“but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).”（但是这个15岁的孩子最感到自豪的是Fun Bottle带给其他人的机会。它有助于对含糖饮料提供健康的替代品。而且汤姆还捐赠了部分利润为一个名为OHG的组织）可知，汤姆把自己产品的部分利润，并非全部利润，捐给了OHG。所以错误在于“all the profits”，应修改为“part of the profits”，故答案为Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG. 考点三：考查开放性观点。 解题规则： ① 紧扣原文：基于文章主题或案例提炼核心观点； ② 结合自身：联系生活实际或个人体验； ③ 结构完整：观点+支撑理由，控制词数，逻辑连贯。 1.（2025·北京·高考真题） There’s something magical about the way imagination works. Around the world, kids are using imagination in ways that were once only found in science fiction. Take the story of Mark Lee. He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. Instead of simply complaining, he decided to do something about it. Using an old 3D printer, Mark started experimenting. He melted (熔化) plastic bottles down and tried shaping them into small bricks. At first, everything went wrong — the plastic broke, the printer jammed, and the pieces didn’t fit together. Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up. But Mark had a different idea. He redesigned the bricks to lock together like puzzle (拼图) pieces and adjusted the heating temperature carefully. After months of trial and error, he succeeded. With a little help from his school and the local community centre, Mark used his bricks to build a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood. And he’s not alone. Thirteen-year-old Sally Carter loved reading fantasy books. Inspired by magical maps in her stories, she wondered: what if we could build a real-world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. Their app quickly grew popular in town and even won a local youth innovation award. Next time you see a young person lost in thought, don’t rush to pull them back. They might just be imagining the next great idea. How can you put your imagination into practice as Mark and Sally did? (In about 40 words) 参考答案：First, spot a problem you care about. Then, experiment boldly or create. Learn relevant skills if needed, persist through setbacks, and ask friends or communities for help to keep trying despite difficulties to turn your ideas into real solutions. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Mark Lee和Sally Carter两位青少年发挥想象力并付诸实践的故事，鼓励年轻人积极发挥想象力，勇敢尝试。 解析：考查开放性试题。结合Mark和Sally的故事，可知他们都是先发现问题或有想法，然后勇敢尝试，必要时学习相关技能，面对困难坚持不懈。故填First, spot a problem you care about. Then, experiment boldly or create. Learn relevant skills if needed, persist through setbacks, and ask friends or communities for help to keep trying despite difficulties to turn your ideas into real solutions. 2.（2024·北京·高考真题） Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve. As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures. During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence. My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab. My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. From this story, what can you learn about “independence”? (In about 40 words) 参考答案：In the story, success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independence often involves recognizing the value of collaboration and learning than to seek help. (答案言之有理即可) 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在追求科学研究的独立过程中遇到的挑战、失败、学习和成长的故事。 解析：开放性问题。答案言之有理即可。通读全文可知，作者成为一名独立科学家的成功最终是通过合作、适应性学习和面对挫折的韧性来实现的。从这个故事中，我们了解到，虽然独立最初是理想化的，并被热情地追求，但真正的独立往往包括认识到合作的价值，并学会何时寻求帮助。故答案为：In the story, success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independence often involves recognizing the value of collaboration and learning when to seek help. 3.（2023·北京·高考真题） Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits. Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues. A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is. Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words) 参考答案：I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程。人们在探索世界的过程中养成了无数的习惯，不管他们是否意识到这些习惯。文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。 解析：开放试题，言之有理即可。题干问“你的一个好习惯给你带来了什么好处？（大约40个字）”，答案可以是：我有早睡早起的好习惯。因此，我可以每天早上精力充沛地学习，这使我学习效率高。而且，我很健康。故填I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy.。 （建议用时：25分钟） 【类型一：记叙文】 （2025·北京朝阳·一模） Growing up, my favourite children’s book was Amelia Bedelia. Amelia’s silly behaviours that were a result of her literal interpretation of language often had me laughing. When she was told to dust the furniture, instead of grabbing a feather duster, she sprinkled (撒) dust all over the chairs and tables. A classic moment in Amelia’s life. Recently, several of my friends have decided to limit their use of electronic devices for chatting to avoid potential misunderstandings. Yet, I enjoy using these tools to stay connected with my children and grandchildren. But I admit it does lead to more frequent Amelia Bedelia moments. The other day I was providing childcare for my granddaughter Cora and her one-year-old brother, Zay. Zay was sleeping while Cora was in her bedroom colouring, with her tablet right next to her. Hoping to have a few minutes of peace, I told Cora I would be in the backyard and that she should call me if Zay woke up. Shortly after, the door opened. There was Cora, red-faced, struggling to carry Zay. I quickly took him from her, gently scolding (训斥), “Cora, I told you to call me.” She simply replied, “Grandma, I did call you. You didn’t answer. Where’s your phone?” Her call had come via an app on her tablet to my phone which was on the kitchen table. Clearly, we had different ideas of what “call” meant. As my grandchildren become more proficient (熟练) with technology and the language of a different generation, there is no doubt our Amelia Bedelia moments will only increase. I can resist the misunderstandings by putting my phone away, but to enjoy the smile of the loved ones, I’d rather keep it closer to me to experience the silly accidents that will occur. 1．What caused Amelia’s silly behaviours? 2．Why didn’t the author’s granddaughter call her the way she had expected? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The author cherishes Amelia Bedelia moments because she wants to resist the misunderstandings. 4．If you experience an Amelia Bedelia moment, what would you do? (In about 40 words) 【答案】 1．Her literal interpretation of language. 2．Because they had different ideas of what “call” meant. 3．The author cherishes Amelia Bedelia moments because she wants to resist the misunderstandings. The author cherishes Amelia Bedelia moments because she wants to enjoy the smile of the loved ones. 4．If I experience an Amelia Bedelia moment, I would laugh it off and try to understand the other person’s perspective, because it’s a chance to see the world from a different angle.(答案不唯一，合理即可) 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者和孙女间因对“call”理解不同产生的趣事及感悟。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Amelia’s silly behaviours that were a result of her literal interpretation of language often had me laughing.(阿米莉亚那些因对语言的字面理解而产生的愚蠢行为常常让我捧腹大笑)”可知，Amelia愚蠢的行为是由于她对语言的字面理解造成的。故答案为Her literal interpretation of language. 2．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Her call had come via an app on her tablet to my phone which was on the kitchen table. Clearly, we had different ideas of what ‘call’ meant.(她是通过平板电脑上的一个应用程序给我打电话的，而我的手机当时放在厨房的桌子上。很明显，我们对 “call” 的理解不一样)”可知，孙女是通过平板电脑上的应用程序给作者打电话，而作者期望的是她在弟弟醒了后叫他。故答案为Because they had different ideas of what “call” meant. 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“I can resist the misunderstandings by putting my phone away, but to enjoy the smile of the loved ones, I’d rather keep it closer to me to experience the silly accidents that will occur.(我可以通过把手机放在一边来避免这些误解，但为了能看到所爱之人的笑容，我宁愿把手机放在身边，去经历那些将会发生的小趣事)”可知，作者珍惜这些“Amelia Bedelia 时刻”不是为了避免误解，而是为了享受亲人的笑容，体验那些会发生的愚蠢的意外，所以错误的地方是 because she wants to resist the misunderstandings. 。故答案为The author cherishes Amelia Bedelia moments because she wants to resist the misunderstandings. The author cherishes Amelia Bedelia moments because she wants to enjoy the smile of the loved ones. 4．开放性试题。本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一，合理即可。如果经历了阿米莉亚·贝迪莉娅的时刻，我会笑着面对，尝试从对方的角度去理解，因为这是一个从不同角度看世界的机会。故答案为If I experience an Amelia Bedelia moment, I would laugh it off and try to understand the other person’s perspective, because it’s a chance to see the world from a different angle. 【类型二：说明文】 （2025·北京东城·一模） Picture this: Your team is racing against time to submit a new proposal. You finally manage to put all the documents together. The proposal looks great and you’re confident that you’ll probably win it. A week later, you get an email: “We really liked your proposal, but we found a mistake in it. So...” You’re frustrated and angry. You call your team in, blame them for not checking the documents carefully, and storm out of the room. What’s the possible result? Your team probably thinks you’re thankless and unkind. Your relationship may be damaged. A study shows that the brain responds more strongly to bad experiences than good ones. The authors concluded that, “Good can only match or overcome bad by strength of numbers.” How much good can overcome bad? Five positive experiences are about equal to one negative one. We are all naturally wired to blame other people or circumstances when things go wrong. This is partially psychological, driven by the fundamental attribution bias. We tend to believe that what people do reflects who they are, rather than considering there may be other factors influencing their behaviour. There is also a biological explanation. Recent research shows that positive events are processed by the prefrontal cortex (大脑皮层)，which takes a while and tends to conclude that good things happen by luck. Negative events, on the other hand, are processed by the amygdala, which controls our fight-or-flight response. The amygdala usually concludes that bad things happen on purpose, and it comes to this conclusion lightning fast. So fast that we don’t even notice we're making an assumption; we just know that the person closest to the problem must have done it on purpose! This leads to the second problem with blame-we don't notice how often we do it. This can be damaging. Our brains interpret blame the same way they interpret a physical attack. When we are blamed, our prefrontal cortices effectively shut down and direct all our energy to defending ourselves, which impacts our ability to solve the problem for which we are being blamed. Now that we better understand the psychology behind blame, what can we do to promote a blame-free culture? 1．What might be the result when you blame others for a team failure? 2．What are Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. When we are blamed, our prefrontal cortices will effectively shut down and direct our efforts to reviewing the problem. 4．What can you do to help build a blame-free culture in daily life? (In about 40 words) 【答案】 1．Your relationship may be damaged. 2．The psychological and biological reasons why we tend to blame others. 3．When we are blamed, our prefrontal cortices will effectively shut down and direct our efforts to reviewing the problem. When we are blamed, our prefrontal cortices will effectively shut down and direct our energy to defending ourselves. 4．In daily life, to help build a blame-free culture, I will actively listen to others’ opinions, encourage open communication, and focus on finding solutions rather than assigning blame when problems arise. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们倾向于指责他人的心理及生物原因和如何避免指责文化。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“You call your team in, blame them for not checking the documents carefully, and storm out of the room. What’s the possible result? Your team probably thinks you’re thankless and unkind. Your relationship may be damaged. (你把团队叫来，指责他们没有仔细检查文件，然后气冲冲地走出房间。可能的结果是什么？你的团队可能会认为你忘恩负义、不友善。你们的关系可能会受损。)”可知，当你因为团队失败而指责他人时，你们的关系可能会受损。故答案为Your relationship may be damaged. 2．考查主旨大意。根据第三段中“We are all naturally wired to blame other people or circumstances when things go wrong. This is partially psychological, driven by the fundamental attribution bias. (当事情出错时，我们天生就会倾向于指责他人或环境。这在一定程度上是心理上的，由基本归因偏差驱动。)”和第四段中“There is also a biological explanation. (还有一个生物学上的解释。)”可知，第三段和第四段主要讲述了我们倾向于指责他人的心理和生物原因。故答案为The psychological and biological reasons why we tend to blame others. 3．考查细节理解。根据第五段中“When we are blamed, our prefrontal cortices effectively shut down and direct all our energy to defending ourselves, which impacts our ability to solve the problem for which we are being blamed. (当我们被指责时，我们的前额叶皮层会有效地关闭，并将我们所有的精力都用于保护自己，这会影响我们解决被指责的问题的能力。)”可知，当我们被指责时，我们的前额叶皮层会有效地关闭，并将我们所有的精力都用于保护自己，而不是回顾问题。因此，错误的部分是“direct our efforts to reviewing the problem”，应改为“direct our energy to defending ourselves”。故答案为When we are blamed, our prefrontal cortices will effectively shut down and direct our efforts to reviewing the problem. When we are blamed, our prefrontal cortices will effectively shut down and direct our energy to defending ourselves. 4．开放性问题。在日常生活中，为了帮助建立一个无指责的文化，我们可以采取积极的态度，鼓励团队成员分享他们的观点和感受，而不是指责他们。同时，当出现问题时，我们应该专注于寻找解决方案，而不是追究责任。例如，我们可以说：“In daily life, to help build a blame-free culture, I will actively listen to others’ opinions, encourage open communication, and focus on finding solutions rather than assigning blame when problems arise. (在日常生活中，为了帮助建立一个无指责的文化，我会积极倾听他人的意见，鼓励开放的沟通，并在问题出现时专注于寻找解决方案，而不是指责他人)”故答案为In daily life, to help build a blame-free culture, I will actively listen to others’ opinions, encourage open communication, and focus on finding solutions rather than assigning blame when problems arise. 【类型三：议论文】 Should We Have a Weekly Screen-free Day? Have you ever asked someone a question, but they didn’t reply because they were looking at their phone or tablet (平板电脑)? Or maybe you planned to play a game online for just 10 minutes, but when you checked the time, hours have passed. People are using technology more than ever before. That’s why the charity Fairplay wants people to really think about how much time they spend using digital devices, like smartphones, tablets or computers. Fairplay wants people to devote (留出) one day a week to living without screens. It says that this will help people “take the time we need to focus on our families and our well-being”. Is this realistic (现实可行的) now? And what if using screens makes you happier? What do you think? Should people have one screen-free day a week? Some people think that we are spending too much time online, which can be really bad for our health. Studies have shown that it can affect our sleep. It also makes it harder for young people to focus for a long time. Even though technology is an important part of people’s lives, so is free time. Less time spent online means more time to live in the real world. Whether it’s playing sports, painting or reading a book, a day offline would help people focus on their hobbies. Hobbies can make people feel more rested and relaxed. Having one screen-free day a week would also bring families together. Screens can take away the quality time they spend with loved ones and can even cause arguments. A day without screens is a simple idea that the whole family can follow. But some people have different ideas. They think instead of banning (禁止) technology for one day a week, we should pay more attention to how often we’re online and how it makes us feel. Scrolling (滑动浏览) on social media can make us feel like we’re missing out, while receiving a funny dog video from a friend can make us feel happy right now. In fact, research has shown that screen time can improve young people’s education and development. It’s also unrealistic to spend a whole day offline—people depend on digital devices to keep in touch. It’s not wise, either. What if we’re in an emergency and need to reach someone? Surely, it’s better to take short breaks every day and turn screens off during mealtimes and an hour or two before bed. A healthy balance is what we should aim for. 1．What does the charity Fairplay want people to really think about? 2．What does “less time spent online” mean? 3．What do some people think we should do instead of banning technology for one day a week? 4．Would you like to have one screen-free day a week? Why or why not? (Please give at least two reasons.) 【答案】 1．How much time they spend using digital devices, like smartphones, tablets or computers. 2．Less time spent online means more time to live in the real world. 3．We should pay more attention to how often we’re online and how it makes us feel. 4．Yes, because it helps focus on hobbies and improves family time. 【导语】本文围绕“是否应该设立每周无屏幕日”展开讨论，分别列举了支持与反对的观点及理由。 1．根据“That’s why the charity Fairplay wants people to really think about how much time they spend using digital devices, like smartphones, tablets or computers.”可知，Fairplay关注的是人们对电子设备的使用时长。故填How much time they spend using digital devices, like smartphones, tablets or computers. 2．根据“Less time spent online means more time to live in the real world.”可知，减少上网时间意味着更多时间生活在现实世界中。故填Less time spent online means more time to live in the real world. 3．根据“They think instead of banning (禁止) technology for one day a week, we should pay more attention to how often we’re online and how it makes us feel”可知，我们应更关注上网频率及其对情绪的影响。故填We should pay more attention to how often we’re online and how it makes us feel. 4．开放性试题，言之有理即可，参考答案：Yes, because it helps focus on hobbies and improves family time. （建议用时：25分钟） 【类型一：记叙文】 （2025·北京东城·二模） I started running competitively almost as soon as I could walk. I was three years old when I joined in my first official race. My mom and both of my brothers were runners, so the sport was built into my life from the beginning. When I was young, I enjoyed the freedom, joy, and sense of power running gave me. This pure, concentrated love of the sport gave me wings that carried me through even the toughest practices and races. However, as I got older, pressure began to build up. I was winning, but I lost sight of my real purpose as a runner: to have fun. I even began to fear hard workouts, knowing I would be disappointed if I didn’t achieve my goals. Before the final season in my high school career, I trained so hard that I got exhausted and hurt my calf. Rather than pausing for treatment and recovery, I chose to get to the line. But at last, I had to step off the track because the pain was simply unbearable. Recovery was tough. When I was finally able to run again, I was out of shape and couldn’t keep up with my team. Over the next three years, more injuries followed. But later, a famous long-distance runner Cathy’s post changed everything for me. “Every day, I make the choice to show up and see what I’ve got, and to try and be better. My advice: Keep showing up.” With just a few words, she reminded me how simple running really is. I realized I didn’t have to be perfect every day. I just had to show up and give what I had. Now, I still run every day and have completed four marathons. Joy and gratitude are the center of my practice. Thanks to Cathy, I can always return to the calming belief that things will go my way if I just keep showing up. 1．What did running bring to the author when she was young? 2．Why did the author no longer enjoy running later? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > Inspired by Cathy’s post, the author realized that she had to focus on pursuing perfection. 4．From the story, what can you learn about “Keep showing up”? (In about 40 words) 【答案】 1．The freedom, joy, and sense of power. 2．Because pressure began to build up. 3．Inspired by Cathy’s post, the author realized that she had to focus on pursuing perfection. Because the author realized that she didn’t have to be perfect every day. 4．It means consistently trying without demanding perfection. By showing up and doing your best, progress and joy will follow naturally. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从童年时期开始参与竞技跑步，到随着年龄增长面临压力、失去跑步的初衷，再到因受伤而反思，最终在一位著名长跑运动员的启发下重新找回跑步的快乐与纯粹的过程。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“When I was young, I enjoyed the freedom, joy, and sense of power running gave me.(当我年轻的时候，我喜欢跑步给我的自由、快乐和力量感)”可知，在作者年轻的时候，跑步给她带来了自由、快乐和力量的感觉。故答案为The freedom, joy, and sense of power. 2．考查细节理解。根据第二段“However, as I got older, pressure began to build up. I was winning, but I lost sight of my real purpose as a runner: to have fun. I even began to fear hard workouts, knowing I would be disappointed if I didn’t achieve my goals.(然而，随着年龄的增长，压力开始累积。我赢了，但我忘记了我作为一名跑步者的真正目的：获得乐趣。我甚至开始害怕艰苦的锻炼，因为我知道如果我没有达到我的目标我会很失望)”可知，因为压力开始累积，所以作者后来不再喜欢跑步了。故答案为Because pressure began to build up. 3．考查细节理解。根据第三段“But later, a famous long-distance runner Cathy’s post changed everything for me. “Every day, I make the choice to show up and see what I’ve got, and to try and be better. My advice: Keep showing up.” With just a few words, she reminded me how simple running really is. I realized I didn’t have to be perfect every day. I just had to show up and give what I had.(但后来，一位著名的长跑运动员凯西的帖子彻底改变了我。“每一天，我都选择出现在跑道上，看看自己能做到什么程度，并努力超越自我。我的建议是：坚持跑下去。”短短几句话让我恍然大悟——跑步的本质原来如此简单。我明白了不必苛求每天表现完美，只需坚持站上跑道，全力以赴)”可知，受到Cathy帖子的启发，作者意识到不必苛求每天表现完美，只需坚持站上跑道，全力以赴，所以“Inspired by Cathy’s post, the author realized that she had to focus on pursuing perfection.”中“had to focus on pursuing perfection.”是错误的，应改为The author realized that she didn’t have to be perfect every day.故答案为Inspired by Cathy’s post, the author realized that she had to focus on pursuing perfection. Because the author realized that she didn’t have to be perfect every day. 4．开放性试题。要言之有理，注意词数限制。如：根据第三段“But later, a famous long-distance runner Cathy’s post changed everything for me. “Every day, I make the choice to show up and see what I’ve got, and to try and be better. My advice: Keep showing up.” With just a few words, she reminded me how simple running really is. I realized I didn’t have to be perfect every day. I just had to show up and give what I had.(但后来，一位著名的长跑运动员凯西的帖子彻底改变了我。“每一天，我都选择出现在跑道上，看看自己能做到什么程度，并努力超越自我。我的建议是：坚持跑下去。”短短几句话让我恍然大悟——跑步的本质原来如此简单。我明白了不必苛求每天表现完美，只需坚持站上跑道，全力以赴)”可知，“Keep showing up”意味着不断地尝试而不要求完美。通过表现和尽你最大的努力，进步和快乐自然会随之而来。故答案为It means consistently trying without demanding perfection. By showing up and doing your best, progress and joy will follow naturally. 【类型二：说明文】 （2025·北京朝阳·二模） Good news for procrastinators (拖延者): There is a way to use procrastination to your advantage. Most procrastinators make the mistake of doing nothing at all. But when you use procrastination as motivation to get things done, you can avoid doing that one thing you really would rather not do and be quite productive. It’s what essayist John Perry calls “structured procrastination”. Let’s say, for example, you have a number of tasks you are avoiding, in order of urgency:1) Finishing an essay; 2) Responding to emails; 3) Cleaning and doing laundry. A non-procrastinator would accomplish these tasks in order of urgency. A procrastinator would avoid doing them altogether. But a structured procrastinator would do them in reverse (反向) — using his desire to avoid writing the essay as motivation to do cleaning and respond to emails. Since he can reprogram by working on other things that are still valuable, he is actually getting a lot done. College senior Jordan Gonen is what you might call a structured procrastinator. When he is overcome with fear of homework, he’ll preoccupy himself with what he calls “quick wins”—sending emails and writing articles for his blog. “It’s still procrastinating my homework, but instead of doing nothing in the meantime, I’m still getting a lot done,” Gonen says. Once he gets through these tasks, Gonen can more easily get into the mindset of tackling his homework. “A lot of these smaller tasks aren’t particularly fun or productive, but if you can really knock them out really quickly over a certain period of time, then you can get a lot more done and it doesn’t feel necessarily worse — you’ re just working 100 percent on whatever you’ re working on,” Gonen says. 1．What is “structured procrastination”? 2．How would structured procrastinators handle a number of tasks they are avoiding? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Gonen gets through his smaller tasks first because they are fun and productive. 4．Would you use structured procrastination in your daily life? Why or why not? (In about 40 words) 【答案】 1．Using procrastination as motivation to get things done. 2．They would reprogram by working on other things that are still valuable. 3．Gonen gets through his smaller tasks first because they are fun and productive. Because they can help Gonen get into the mindset of tackling his homework. 4．Yes, I’d use structured procrastination. By tackling smaller, valuable tasks first (like emails), I’d build momentum and avoid anxiety. This way, I’d still achieve progress while postponing tough work, striking a balance between productivity and mental ease. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何利用拖延症提高效率的方法。 1．考查细节理解。由文章第一段中“Good news for procrastinators (拖延者): There is a way to use procrastination to your advantage. Most procrastinators make the mistake of doing nothing at all. But when you use procrastination as motivation to get things done, you can avoid doing that one thing you really would rather not do and be quite productive. It’s what essayist John Perry calls “structured procrastination”. (对于拖延者来说，有个好消息：有一种方法可以让拖延为你所用。大多数拖延者都犯了什么都不做的错误。但当你把拖延当作完成任务的动力时，你可以避开那件你真的不想做的事情，并且还能保持相当高的效率。这就是散文家约翰・佩里所说的“结构化拖延”。)”可知，“结构化拖延”是指把拖延当作完成事情的动力。故答案为Using procrastination as motivation to get things done. 2．考查细节理解。由文章第二段中“But a structured procrastinator would do them in reverse (反向) — using his desire to avoid writing the essay as motivation to do cleaning and respond to emails. Since he can reprogram by working on other things that are still valuable, he is actually getting a lot done. (但一个有规划的拖延者会反向做这些事——利用他避免写论文的欲望作为动力去做清洁和回复邮件。因为他可以通过做其他有价值的事情来重新安排自己的时间，所以他实际上做了很多事情。)”可知，有规划的拖延者会通过处理其他仍然有价值的事情来重新规划。故答案为They would reprogram by working on other things that are still valuable. 3．考查细节理解。由文章最后一段中““A lot of these smaller tasks aren’t particularly fun or productive, but if you can really knock them out really quickly over a certain period of time, then you can get a lot more done and it doesn’t feel necessarily worse — you’ re just working 100 percent on whatever you’ re working on,” Gonen says. (Gonen说：“很多这样的小任务并不是特别有趣或高效，但如果你能在一定时间内迅速完成它们，那么你就能完成更多的事情，而且感觉也不一定更糟——你只是全身心地投入到正在做的事情中。”)”可知，Gonen先完成这些较小的任务，并不是因为它们有趣且富有成效，而是因为快速完成这些任务后可以完成更多的事情。所以“Gonen gets through his smaller tasks first because they are fun and productive.”这句话中“because they are fun and productive”部分错误。故答案为Gonen gets through his smaller tasks first because they are fun and productive. Because they can help Gonen get into the mindset of tackling his homework. 4．开放性题目。此题要求回答：你会在日常生活中使用结构化拖延吗？为什么或为什么不呢？答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：是的，我会采用结构化拖延法。通过先处理一些较小且有价值的任务（比如回复电子邮件），我能够积攒动力，并且避免焦虑。这样一来，在推迟处理棘手工作的同时，我仍能取得进展，在工作效率和内心轻松之间达成平衡。故答案为Yes, I’d use structured procrastination. By tackling smaller, valuable tasks first (like emails), I’d build momentum and avoid anxiety. This way, I’d still achieve progress while postponing tough work, striking a balance between productivity and mental ease. 【类型三：议论文】 （2025·北京西城·二模）请在答题卡指定区域作答。 If you listen to some self-improvement lectures about success, you’ll hear a familiar saying: Hustle (忙碌) harder. It sounds like success is just a matter of willpower and that the life of your dreams is within reach. Many young people are buying into this mindset, spending every waking hour working toward ambitious goals, only to find themselves worn out and unfulfilled. Hustle culture promises success, but it often leads to burnout and disappointment. The truth is that success and fulfillment don’t come from constant struggle. They come from something deeper and more sustainable: persistence (坚持). Hustle culture praises big goals. But what the experts won’t tell you is that most of those goals require a mix of timing, luck, and sometimes even genetics. No matter how hard you hustle, success isn’t always within your control. Persistence culture, on the other hand, takes a different approach. Instead of focusing on massive, high-risk goals, it emphasizes consistent effort over time. It encourages growth, learning, and steady improvement—factors that are within your control. Hustle culture focuses on goals, ignoring the process. It tells you to chase success at all costs, even if that means doing things you hate along the way. For example, you love podcasting (制作播客). You enjoy the connection with your audience. But if you follow hustle culture, your focus shifts to profit, audience growth, and social media engagement. To “succeed,” you have to learn marketing strategies that you don’t actually enjoy. Persistence culture, in contrast, prioritizes the process itself. It asks: Do you enjoy what you’re doing? When you love the process, you don’t need external approval to keep going. Success becomes a byproduct of consistency and passion. Instead of measuring success by external factors, it asks: How can I improve? Maybe your podcast isn’t getting millions of downloads, but are you becoming a better interviewer? Are you developing new skills? These are the measures that matter because they’re within your control. 1．How do many young people feel after following the “hustle harder” mindset? 2．Where do success and fulfillment come from? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > Hustle culture focuses on massive, high-risk goals, measures success by external factors and prioritizes the process. 4．How are you going to put “Persistence Culture” into practice in your daily life? (In about 40 words) 【答案】 1．They feel worn out and unfulfilled. 2．They come from something deeper and more sustainable: persistence. 3．Hustle culture focuses on massive, high-risk goals, measures success by external factors and prioritizes the process. According to the passage, hustle culture ignores the process instead of prioritizing the process itself. 4．I’ll prioritize consistent effort over grand goals. For instance, in podcasting, I’ll focus on improving interviewing skills and storytelling daily rather than chasing downloads. By valuing small, measurable progress and passion, I’ll build sustainable growth without burnout. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要对比了“忙碌文化”和“坚持文化”对成功的影响。 1．考查细节理解。由文章第一段中“Many young people are buying into this mindset, spending every waking hour working toward ambitious goals, only to find themselves worn out and unfulfilled. (许多年轻人接受了这种心态，把醒着的每一个小时都花在朝着雄心勃勃的目标努力上，结果却发现自己疲惫不堪、毫无成就感。)”可知，许多年轻人在遵循“更努力地忙碌”的心态后，感觉疲惫不堪且毫无成就感。故答案为：They feel worn out and unfulfilled. 2．考查细节理解。由文章第二段中“The truth is that success and fulfillment don’t come from constant struggle. They come from something deeper and more sustainable: persistence (坚持). (事实是，成功和成就感并非来自持续的挣扎。它们来自更深层次、更可持续的东西：坚持。)”可知，成功和成就感来自更深层次、更可持续的东西——坚持。故答案为：They come from something deeper and more sustainable: persistence. 3．考查细节理解。由文章第四段中“Hustle culture focuses on goals, ignoring the process. (忙碌文化关注目标，忽视过程。)”以及第五段中“Persistence culture, in contrast, prioritizes the process itself. (相比之下，坚持文化将过程本身置于首位。)”可知，“Hustle culture focuses on massive, high-risk goals, measures success by external factors and prioritizes the process.”这句话中“prioritizes the process”部分错误。忙碌文化忽视过程，而不是将过程置于首位。故答案为：Hustle culture focuses on massive, high-risk goals, measures success by external factors and prioritizes the process. According to the passage, hustle culture ignores the process instead of prioritizing the process itself. 4．开放性题目，此题要求回答：你打算如何在日常生活中实践“坚持文化”？答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：我会优先考虑持续努力，而非追求宏大目标。例如，在制作播客时，我会专注于每天提升采访技巧和讲故事的能力，而不是一味追求下载量。通过重视微小且可衡量的进步以及保持热情，我将实现可持续的成长，同时避免过度劳累。故答案为：I’ll prioritize consistent effort over grand goals. For instance, in podcasting, I’ll focus on improving interviewing skills and storytelling daily rather than chasing downloads. By valuing small, measurable progress and passion, I’ll build sustainable growth without burnout. （建议用时：25分钟） Passage 1 （2025·北京西城·一模） The convenience of modern life is truly astonishing. As I write this, my phone is wirelessly playing 18th-century classics, and I can use the same device to instantly get a ride or have food delivered. It’s easy to see why we love such shortcuts—they make life easier, save time, and reduce effort. However, many people also recognize that convenience has its darker sides. To understand why, we need to examine why we are so drawn to convenience in the first place. Evolutionary psychology can provide some answers. The concept of “evolutionary mismatch” suggests that we evolved as hunter-gatherers, but while the world has changed, our brains and bodies have not. This mismatch means that our instincts often don’t match modern life. In the past, resistance—whether to avoid unnecessary effort or conserve energy—was vital during tough times, like searching for food in the rain or escaping from danger. Those who stayed sheltered during hard times, like storms when food was scarce, were more likely to survive and pass on their genes. We have inherited (继承) this instinct to conserve energy from them. Innovation has dramatically transformed our world. Technology and our environment have adapted to suit our instinct to conserve energy. But what do we lose when we prioritize convenience? Choosing the easy path consistently weakens our ability to tackle challenges. From an evolutionary view, some discomfort is as essential to survival as rest. Our ancestors didn’t survive by being lazy; they survived by balancing safety with risk. This very struggle shapes and develops our character. In today’s technological world, we must sometimes go against our natural instincts. As a society, we need to remember—and teach the younger generation—that while convenience may feel good in the moment, our ability to adapt and overcome challenges is not only a key part of our evolutionary heritage but also central to the adventure of life. 1．Why do people love shortcuts? 2．What does “evolutionary mismatch” mean? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The evolutionary view shows that some discomfort is less important for our survival compared to rest. 4．Use an example to show what you can learn about “convenience” from the passage. (In about 40 words) 【答案】 1．Because they make life easier, save time, and reduce effort. 2．It means that our instincts often don’t match modern life. 3．The evolutionary view shows that some discomfort isless important for our survival compared to rest. According to the passage, from an evolutionary view, some discomfort is just as crucial to our survival as rest. 4．From the passage, I learn that while convenience, like using a phone to get a ride or order food, makes life easier, over-relying on it may weaken our ability to tackle challenges, as our instinct to conserve energy may lead us to avoid necessary difficulties. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是现代生活的便利性及其带来的影响。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“It’s easy to see why we love such shortcuts—they make life easier, save time, and reduce effort.(很容易理解为什么我们喜欢这些捷径——它们使生活更轻松，节省时间，减少精力消耗)”可知，人们喜欢捷径是因为它们使生活更轻松，节省时间，减少工作量。故答案为Because they make life easier, save time, and reduce effort. 2．考查词句猜测。根据第二段“This mismatch means that our instincts often don’t match modern life.(这种不匹配意味着我们的本能常常与现代生活不匹配)”可知，evolutionary mismatch的意思是“我们的本能常常与现代生活不匹配”。故答案为It means that our instincts often don’t match modern life. 3．考查细节理解。根据第三段“From an evolutionary view, some discomfort is as essential to survival as rest.(从进化的角度来看，一些不适和休息一样对生存至关重要)”可知，从进化的角度来看，一些不适和休息一样对生存至关重要，因此错误的部分是“less important”。故答案为The evolutionary view shows that some discomfort is less important for our survival compared to rest. According to the passage, from an evolutionary view, some discomfort is just as crucial to our survival as rest. 4．考查推理判断。从这篇文章中，我了解到，虽然便利，比如用手机打车或点餐，使生活更容易，但过度依赖它可能会削弱我们应对挑战的能力，因为我们节约能量的本能可能会导致我们避免必要的困难。故答案为From the passage, I learn that while convenience, like using a phone to get a ride or order food, makes life easier, over-relying on it may weaken our ability to tackle challenges, as our instinct to conserve energy may lead us to avoid necessary difficulties. Passage 2 （2025·北京海淀·一模）As a novice teacher at a kindergarten, I spent a lot of time observing the interaction between experienced teachers and their students. Oftentimes when kids fall, they don’t start crying immediately. Usually kids will be OK until they lock eyes with an adult: one that they trust and know can do something for them. When I noticed this, I so wanted it to happen to me, because that meant I had earned a kid’s trust and had proven that I was able to help them with anything. One day it finally happened. Hearing a kid yell, “Teacher, Sam fell down.” I rushed out and found Sam, who was looking puzzled. When our eyes locked, his lower lips started trembling and tears welled up in his eyes. He ran towards me and let me give him a big hug. We checked to make sure he wasn’t hurt. It was in that moment that I realized something odd. Sam’s vulnerability and coming to me for help was supposed to give me more power. But strangely, the power,I felt,shifted more to Sam, because he was giving me a privilege: a gift for me to do something for someone. With everything I learned from teaching in the kindergarten, I went to conquer other things in life. Later I landed a job to work extensively with volunteers. I loved the relationship I was building there and the feeling of being asked for help. Over time, I increasingly pressured myself to stay busy and helpful. My self-worth became associated with my performance at work, which brought about one of the lowest moments of my life. Even then, my mind was running at a hyper speed into problem-solving mode and it didn’t even occur to me that I could ask for help. I was surrounded by so many people who cared for me,but I just couldn’t see them. Finally, my good friend had to literally hold me by my shoulders and force me to ask for help. With their ongoing support, I overcame one difficulty after another. I love helping others and I firmly believe others are willing to help me. We all want to be the best self in life: strong, independent and self-reliant,but we don’t always have to be. Let’s start asking for help more often, because helping Sams is a privilege and a gift. 1．Why did the author want the kids to turn to her for help? 2．What led to one of the author’s lowest moments in life? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The author overcame the difficulties on her own when she was having a tough time. 4．From this story, what can you learn about “help”? (In about 40 words) 【答案】 1．Because it meant she had earned a kid’s trust and proven that she was able to help them. 2．Associating her self-worth with her performance at work and pressuring herself to stay busy and helpful. 3．The underlined part is “on her own”. Because the author’s good friend held her by the shoulders and forced her to ask for help, and with their ongoing support, she overcame the difficulties. 4．Help is mutual. We can both offer help to others and receive help from them. We don’t always have to be strong, independent and self-reliant. Learning to ask for help is also a kind of wisdom. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从幼儿园教学中领悟到求助与帮助的意义，经历低谷后学会接受他人帮助，并认识到互相帮助是特权和礼物的故事。 1．考查细节理解。由文章第一段中“Oftentimes when kids fall, they don’t start crying immediately. Usually kids will be OK until they lock eyes with an adult: one that they trust and know can do something for them. When I noticed this, I so wanted it to happen to me, because that meant I had earned a kid’s trust and had proven that I was able to help them with anything. (很多时候，孩子们摔倒了并不会立刻哭起来。通常情况下，孩子们在与他们信任且知道能为他们做点什么的成年人对视之前，都不会有事。当我注意到这一点时，我非常希望这种情况能发生在我身上，因为那就意味着我赢得了一个孩子的信任，并且证明了我能够在任何事情上帮助他们)”可知，作者希望孩子们向她求助是因为这意味着她赢得了孩子的信任，并证明了她能够帮助他们。故答案为：Because it meant she had earned a kid’s trust and proven that she was able to help them. 2．考查细节理解。由文章第四段中“My self-worth became associated with my performance at work, which brought about one of the lowest moments of my life. (我的自我价值开始与我的工作表现联系在一起，这给我带来了人生中最低谷的时刻之一)”以及“Over time, I increasingly pressured myself to stay busy and helpful. (随着时间的推移，我给自己施加的压力越来越大，要让自己保持忙碌和乐于助人)”可知，作者将自我价值与工作表现联系在一起，并给自己施加压力要保持忙碌和乐于助人，这导致了作者人生中的最低谷时刻之一。故答案为：Associating her self-worth with her performance at work and pressuring herself to stay busy and helpful. 3．考查细节理解。由文章第四段中“Finally, my good friend had to literally hold me by my shoulders and force me to ask for help. With their ongoing support, I overcame one difficulty after another. (最后，我的好朋友不得不实实在在地抓住我的肩膀，强迫我去寻求帮助。在他们持续的支持下，我克服了一个又一个困难)”可知，作者的好朋友抓住她的肩膀，强迫她寻求帮助，并在他们持续的支持下，她克服了困难。所以错误的部分是on her own。故答案为：The underlined part is “on her own”. Because the author’s good friend held her by the shoulders and forced her to ask for help, and with their ongoing support, she overcame the difficulties. 4．开放性题目，此题要求回答：从这个故事中，你能学到什么关于“帮助”的知识？答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：通读全文，尤其是最后一段“I love helping others and I firmly believe others are willing to help me. We all want to be the best self in life: strong, independent and self-reliant,but we don’t always have to be. Let’s start asking for help more often, because helping Sams is a privilege and a gift. (我喜欢帮助别人，我坚信别人也愿意帮助我。我们都想成为生活中最好的自己:坚强、独立、自力更生，但我们并不总是需要这样。让我们开始更频繁地寻求帮助吧，因为帮助像萨姆这样的人是一种特权和礼物)”以及文章内容可知，帮助是相互的，我们在帮助别人的同时也能从别人那里得到帮助。我们不必总是坚强、独立和自力更生，学会寻求帮助也是一种智慧。故答案为Help is mutual. We can both offer help to others and receive help from them. We don’t always have to be strong, independent and self-reliant. Learning to ask for help is also a kind of wisdom. Passage 3 （2025·北京海淀·二模） “Your order is on its way!” Is there any notification that brings more joy than this? But there could be more behind your motivations for hitting “buy now”. A survey found over a quarter of respondents reported “doom spending” — splashing cash on unnecessary purchases despite economic concerns to cope with stress. Doom spending can put you at risk of financial stress, cause tension in relationships, evoke feelings of shame, and drain your bank balance of funds that could be spent otherwise. But why is it so hard to resist the urge to spend? The reason we feel happy and satisfied when swiping our credit cards is the dopamine rush it offers. Interestingly, the dopamine doesn’t turn up in the acquisition of something. It occurs in the impulse or the motivation to go forth and hunt. In other words, it’s the try-on of the perfect shoes or the test drive of the new car rather than the actual buying. So when feeling the urge to buy, pause, note the item and wait at least 24 hours before acting, allowing time for dopamine’s effect to flow through the body. You may find that after the effect wears off, you don’t have the urge to buy. For some people, shopping serves as a coping mechanism — a way to find comfort and build self-esteem or self-confidence. They often turn to that product again and again, hoping it will make them feel a little bit better. However, this inability to properly self-soothe can result in a “treat yourself” mentality after a bad day. If you feel the need for a treat or some self-care, put your credit card away and reach for something more wholesome and long-lasting like meditation, spending time in nature, or connecting with friends. These alternatives not only provide longer-lasting benefits but also help fill your emotional well-being. But being mindful with money doesn’t have to mean avoiding spending on little things that bring you joy. Little splurges and “treat yourself” moments can be a great way to bring happiness if they are controlled. Having allocated funds for “splurge” purchases, and keeping a list on how much to spend from these can create a more mindful approach to spending, rather than one that’s impulsive and stress-motivated. 1．According to the passage, what is “doom spending”? 2．What are the alternatives to comfort yourself instead of spending money? 3．Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why. Dopamine is released when people actually buy something, which makes them feel happy and satisfied. 4．What benefit(s) can you get from being mindful with money? (In about 40 words) 【答案】 1．It is splashing cash on unnecessary purchases despite economic concerns to cope with stress. 2．Meditation, spending time in nature, or connecting with friends. 3．Dopamine is released when people actually buy something, which makes them feel happy and satisfied. Dopamine is released in the impulse or the motivation to go forth and hunt. 4．Being mindful with money helps reduce financial stress, fosters healthier relationships, and preserves funds for meaningful long-term goals. By managing impulsive spending, one can maintain control and experience greater satisfaction from carefully chosen purchases and healthier emotional well-being. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是“厄运消费”以及这种消费背后的原因以及如何避免不必要的消费。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“A survey found over a quarter of respondents reported “doom spending” — splashing cash on unnecessary purchases despite economic concerns to cope with stress.(一项调查发现，超过四分之一的受访者称自己是“厄运消费”——不顾经济问题，为了应对压力，把钱花在不必要的东西上)”可知，“厄运消费”指的是不顾经济压力，仍在不必要的购买上大笔花钱。故答案为It is splashing cash on unnecessary purchases despite economic concerns to cope with stress. 2．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“If you feel the need for a treat or some self-care, put your credit card away and reach for something more wholesome and long-lasting like meditation, spending time in nature, or connecting with friends.(如果你觉得需要款待或自我照顾，把信用卡收起来，做一些更健康、更持久的事情，比如冥想、花时间在大自然中，或者和朋友联系)”可知，除了花钱，冥想，花时间在大自然中，或者与朋友联系可以得到安慰。故答案为Meditation, spending time in nature, or connecting with friends. 3．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Interestingly, the dopamine doesn’t turn up in the acquisition of something. It occurs in the impulse or the motivation to go forth and hunt.(有趣的是，多巴胺不会出现在获得某些东西的过程中。它发生在外出狩猎的冲动或动机中)”可知，错误部分为“when people actually buy something”，因为多巴胺是在外出狩猎的冲动或动机中释放的。故答案为Dopamine is released when people actually buy something, which makes them feel happy and satisfied. Dopamine is released in the impulse or the motivation to go forth and hunt. 4．考查开放题。根据“注意金钱能给你带来什么好处？”可回答：注意金钱有助于减轻财务压力，促进更健康的关系，并为有意义的长期目标保留资金；通过管理冲动消费，人们可以保持控制，并从精心选择的购买和更健康的情绪健康中获得更大的满足感。故答案为Being mindful with money helps reduce financial stress, fosters healthier relationships, and preserves funds for meaningful long-term goals. By managing impulsive spending, one can maintain control and experience greater satisfaction from carefully chosen purchases and healthier emotional well-being. ( 1 / 32 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $