重难点10 阅读提分利器：主旨大意掌控（重难专练）（北京专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

重难点10 阅读提分利器：主旨大意掌控 ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 本专项核心考查方向与高考高频难点是 概括全文或者段落主旨大意。 近 五 年高考共考查 6 次 ，其中 重 点考查 全文主旨、段落主旨、标题拟定的把握 ， 难点 为区分主旨与细节、排除“范围过大”“以偏概全”的干扰选项。 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 1. 首尾定位，主线聚焦（抓首段、尾段及各段首尾句，锁定核心逻辑） 高频词锚定，主旨凸显（重复出现的核心名词/观点是主旨关键） 细节排除，全局把控（局部信息、绝对化表述直接排除） 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 聚焦 3 种类型可稳拿分数题目，确保重难点基础分值 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 聚焦 3 种类型中高难度题目，争夺关键分数 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 挑战高考和模拟综合题型，养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”。 ) 考点 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势 考点1考查全文主旨概括 （5年1考） 2025北京卷—What is the passage mainly about? 1.题材贴近现实，聚焦人文与社会议题：多围绕人际关系、社会现象、科技影响、文化传承等话题。 2.夹叙夹议文成为主旨考查重点：通过故事引出观点，主旨隐藏在叙事之后。 3.标题拟定题占比上升，要求选项简洁、精准覆盖全文，避免片面。 4.主旨与作者态度深度绑定：主旨题不再单纯考查“内容概括”，更侧重“观点提炼”，需结合作者情感倾向把握主旨。 5.段落主旨题考查增多，要求精准捕捉局部核心，而非全文主旨。 6.干扰项设计更具迷惑性：干扰项多采用“偷换概念”“范围扩大/缩小”“细节冒充主旨”，需强化对选项的甄别能力。 考点2考查标题拟定 （5年4考） 2022北京卷—Which would be the best title for the passage? 2023北京卷—Which would be the best title for the passage? 2024北京卷—Which would be the best title for this passage? 2025北京卷—Which would be the best title for the passage? 考点3考查段落主旨概括 （5年1考） 2021北京卷—What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？ 干扰项与正确答案的“识别密码” （一）正确答案的3大特征 全面性：覆盖文章核心对象和观点，不遗漏关键逻辑； 精准性：用词严谨，不夸大、不缩小范围，避免绝对化表述（如only/never/all）； 概括性：是对文章内容的高度提炼，而非细节复述。 （二）干扰项的4大陷阱及识别方法 陷阱类型 识别方法 参考示例 以偏概全 仅涉及某段细节，未覆盖全文主线 干扰项A“Compare the current models with the previous ones”（仅涉及第三段局部对比，非主旨） 范围过大 选项内容超出文章讨论范围 干扰项D“Turn simulations of the universe into realities”（文章未提及“将模拟变为现实”，范围过度延伸） 偷换概念 替换核心词汇，改变原文含义 干扰项B“Continue exploring the classical models”（原文是“构建新模型”，而非“探索经典模型”） 主观臆断 加入文中未提及的观点或情感 干扰项C“Stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation”（原文核心是“转向构建模型”，而非“停止争论”） 考点一：考查全文主旨概括。 解题规则 •定位文章首尾段核心句，串联各段逻辑主线； •排除仅涉及单个段落的细节选项； •关注转折词（but/however）、总结词（thus/therefore）后的观点。 1.（2025北京高考真题）The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. For many years, psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone’s values, beliefs, goals and social roles. Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. What is the passage mainly about? A．How self-identity works. B．How story-tellers are made. C．How personal stories raise doubts. D．How timing affects personal identity. 答案：A 解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. (“认识你自己”这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己的认知并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改变自己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. (然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约翰逊创造了身份的生活故事模型，他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”以及第四段中“Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. (约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。)”可推知，全文围绕“个人生活故事如何构建自我认知并影响幸福感”展开，分析了其形成、作用及相关研究。“How self-identity works. (自我认同是如何运作的。)”符合文意。故选A。 考点二：考查标题拟定。 解题规则 •标题需简洁明了，涵盖全文核心对象+核心观点； •避免“过于宽泛”（覆盖内容超出文章范围）或“过于狭窄”（仅涉及局部细节）； •优先选择包含核心高频词的选项。 2.（2025北京高考真题） Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble. But they can be harnessed (利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work. The social comparisons we make — ones that lead us to feel good or bad about ourselves — are vital to our ability to thrive (成长). Science provides a guide we can use to harness the way we perform these comparisons to reduce their negative emotional impacts. Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Become a Healthy Habit B．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties C．Social Comparisons Can Get Us into Emotional Trouble D．Social Comparisons Can Be Controlled by Science 答案：A 解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble. But they can be harnessed (利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work. (当然，社会比较常常会给我们带来情感困扰。但如果我们了解其运作原理，就可以利用它们来提升自我。)”，以及第四段 “Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use these comparisons as a source of motivation (如果你关注那些比你表现出色的人所拥有而你没有的东西，与他们比较可能会导致嫉妒之情；但如果你将这些比较作为动力来源，它也可以让你充满活力并受到鼓舞)” 等内容，表明了社会比较并非全然有害，若运用得当可成为健康习惯，助力个人发展。所以选项 A“与他人比较可以成为一种健康的习惯”为最佳标题，故选A。 3.（2024北京高考真题）Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense. Which would be the best title for this passage? A．Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B．The Values of Self-discipline C．Brains: Walls Against Chaos D．The Roots of Morality 答案：D 解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans.(弗朗兹·博厄斯对19世纪因纽特人生活的描述说明了早期人类可能的道德准则)”以及文章内容可知，本文围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，主要介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中，所以“道德的起源”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 考点三：考查段落主旨概括。 解题规则 •聚焦段落首尾句、转折句、总结句； •排除段落中的举例、解释等支撑性细节； •段落主旨需服务于全文主旨，不可脱离文章核心。 4.（2025广西二模） Tey said the work of a chemical engineer could be extremely diverse, but it would always be relevant. “Whether you focus on developing future energy solutions, controlling pollution or protecting our environment, your future as a chemical engineer is bright.” What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph? A．The specific steps to become a chemical engineer. B．Prof. Tey’s suggestions on environmental pollution. C．The challenges chemical engineers face in the future. D．The promising career prospects of chemical engineers. 答案：D 解析： 解析：主旨大意题。根据最后一段 “Tey said the work of a chemical engineer could be extremely diverse, but it would always be relevant. “Whether you focus on developing future energy solutions, controlling pollution or protecting our environment, your future as a chemical engineer is bright.”（Tey 说，化学工程师的工作可能非常多样化，但它总是相关的。“无论你专注于开发未来的能源解决方案、控制污染还是保护环境，作为一名化学工程师，你的未来都是光明的。”）” 可知，本段主要讲述了化学工程师职业前景广阔。故选 D 项。。5.（2025河北一模） As a pilot project, GUARDEN also initiates a comprehensive scientific inquiry into urban agriculture. Through laboratory analysis, researchers evaluate the harvest’s safety, examining heavy metal presence and microbiological composition. Irina Sivicka, a project researcher, highlights the significance of data-driven insights in understanding the correlation between urban pollution and crop safety. Architect Ilze Rukmane-Poča contributes to project development, ensuring an all-rounded approach to urban garden realization. What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A．Scientific evaluation of urban food safety. B．Community participation in urban gardening. C．Architectural design of the GUARDEN project. D．Challenges of maintaining urban vertical gardens. 答案：A 解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段中“As a pilot project, GUARDEN also initiates a comprehensive scientific inquiry into urban agriculture. Through laboratory analysis, researchers evaluate the harvest’s safety, examining heavy metal presence and microbiological composition. Irina Sivicka, a project researcher, highlights the significance of data-driven insights in understanding the correlation between urban pollution and crop safety. Architect Ilze Rukmane-Poča contributes to project development, ensuring an all-rounded approach to urban garden realization.(作为一个试点项目，GUARDEN还开启了一项针对都市农业的全面科学调查。研究人员通过实验室分析评估收获作物的安全性，检测重金属含量与微生物组成。项目研究员Irina Sivicka强调了数据驱动的研究结果在理解城市污染与作物安全性相关性方面的重要意义。建筑师Ilze Rukmane-Poča参与了项目的开发工作，确保城市花园的落成能采用全面完善的方案。)”可知，本段主要讲的是对城市食品安全进行科学评估。故选A。 （建议用时：15分钟） 【类型一：全文主旨概括】 1．（2025上海宝山一模）Over the past few years, areas in East Asia, North America and northern Europe have been colder than normal during some periods of winter. This has left many debating whether Earth is experiencing global warming or not, but scientists have shown that Earth’s warming trends are responsible. What is the main focus of the passage? A．The Relationship between Warming Earth and Colder Winters B．The Strange Phenomenon of Warming Earth with Colder Winters C．The Temperature Differences between the Arctic and Mid-latitude Areas D．The Potential Reasons for Earth Becoming Warmer and Warmer 【答案】A 【解析】 主旨大意题。 梳理段落核心内容: 段落首先提出现象：过去几年，东亚、北美和北欧部分地区冬季出现阶段性偏冷的情况。 接着指出由此引发的争议：人们质疑地球是否还在经历全球变暖。 最后给出科学家的结论：全球变暖的趋势恰恰是冬季偏冷的原因。 根据第一段“Over the past few years, areas in East Asia, North America and northern Europe have been colder than normal during some periods of winter. This has left many debating whether Earth is experiencing global warming or not, but scientists have shown that Earth’s warming trends are responsible.(在过去几年里，东亚、北美洲和北欧的一些地区在冬季的某些时段气温比往年要低。这使得许多人争论地球是否正在经历全球变暖，但科学家们已经表明，地球的变暖趋势才是原因所在)”可知，文章主要说明了全球变暖致使北极海冰消融、极涡变形，进而影响极地急流，引发北半球部分地区冬季异常寒冷，揭示了气候变暖与局部寒冬的关联。由此可知，选A。 2.（2025陕西榆林三模） Embracing my visual impairment changed everything for the better. It was a transformative journey that taught me self-acceptance and self-love. This newfound love for myself reshaped my life, allowing me to live more openly and joyfully. What message does the text mainly convey? A．Fortune favors the bold. B．Let your true colors shine. C．Every cloud has a silver lining. D．Rome wasn't built in a day. 【答案】B 【解析】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Embracing my visual impairment changed everything for the better. It was a transformative journey that taught me self-acceptance and self-love. (接受我的视力受损让一切变得更好。这是一次转变的旅程，教会了我自我接纳和自爱)”可知，文章传递的核心是“展现真实的自我”。选项B“Let your true colors shine (展现你的本色)”与此契合。故选B项。 【类型二：标题拟定】 3. （2022北京高考真题） For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.” Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson. Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor? B．Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology? C．Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being? D．Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype? 【答案】D 【解析】 主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction. This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson.”（ 现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一段“Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。 【类型三：段落主旨概括】 4.（2021北京高考真题）Early fifth-century philosopher St．Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him．Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it．Today's state-of-the-art atomic（原子的） clocks have proven Einstein right．Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking． What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？ A．Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature． B．Everyone can define time on their own terms． C．The qualities of time vary with how you measure it． D．Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists． 【答案】B 【解析】 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking．(即使是先进的物理学也不能决定性地告诉我们时间是什么，因为答案取决于你要问的问题)”以及上文列举的哲学家St．Augustine和爱因斯坦对于时间的定义可推断，第一段主要讲述每个人都可以用自己的话来定义时间。故选B项。 5.（2025广东汕尾一模） Tech companies also see opportunities in education beyond training teachers. Microsoft announced a $4 billion initiative for AI research and training. It includes a program that will give all school districts and community colleges in Washington, Microsoft’s home state, free access to its CoPilot tools. Google said it would commit $1 billion for AI education and job training programs, including free access to its Gemini for education platforms for US high schools. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The cooperation among tech companies. B．An introduction to the NEA agreement. C．The competition between teachers unions. D．A reason for tech companies’ generosity. 【答案】D 【解析】 主旨大意题。根据第七段中的“Tech companies also see opportunities in education beyond training teachers. Microsoft announced a $4 billion initiative for AI research and training... Google said it would commit $1 billion for AI education and job training programs (科技公司在教育培训之外也看到了教育领域的机遇。微软宣布了一项40亿美元的人工智能研究和培训计划…… 谷歌表示将投入 10 亿美元用于人工智能教育和职业培训项目)”等内容可知，该段主要介绍了科技公司在人工智能教育领域的投入和举措，解释了它们加大投入的原因是看到了教育领域的机遇。故选D项。 6.（2025江西模拟预测） From customer service chatbots online to personal assistants in our homes, chatbots have started to enter our lives. In almost every industry, companies are using chatbots to help customers answer simple questions and direct people to the relevant points of contact. Personal assistants like Siri and Alexa are designed to respond to a wide range of scenarios (场景) and inquiries, from current weather and news updates to personal calendars, music selections and random questions. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The future trend of chatbots. B．The problems of chatbots. C．The applications of chatbots. D．The effects of chatbots. 【答案】C 【解析】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“From customer service chatbots online to personal assistants in our homes, chatbots have started to enter our lives. In almost every industry, companies are using chatbots to help customers answer simple questions and direct people to the relevant points of contact. Personal assistants like Siri and Alexa are designed to respond to a wide range of scenarios (场景) and inquiries, from current weather and news updates to personal calendars, music selections and random questions.(从在线客服聊天机器人到我们家里的个人助理，聊天机器人已经开始进入我们的生活。在几乎每一个行业，公司都在使用聊天机器人来帮助客户回答简单 的问题，并引导人们找到相关的联系点。像Siri和Alexa这样的个人助理被设计用来回应各种场景和询问，从当前的天气和新闻更新到个人日历、音乐选择和随机问题)”可知，该段落主要列举了聊天机器人在客户服务和个人助理等多个领域的具体应用。故选C项。 （建议用时：15分钟） 【类型一：全文主旨概括】 1.（2025上海闵行一模）Lots of names have been proposed for the world’s youngest generation, born roughly since 2010. Some are predictable, such as “iPad kids” and “Generation AI”. Others are puzzling, as with “Polars”, which nods both to growing polarisation and shrinking ice caps. One name has caught on in the English-speaking West: “Generation Alpha”. It symbolises a fresh chapter, says Mark McCrindle, the Australian demographer (人口学家) behind it. He consulted people for ideas nearly 20 years ago; many suggested the name “Gen A”. But rather than go back to the start of the Latin alphabet (字母表), he shifted to the Greek one. “Alpha” has recently become a trendy term. Reports and surveys have been published about these youngsters, describing their preferences and predicting their future. Analysts suggest that Alphas will become the most innovative generation. Such insights make for good headlines. But social scientists say it is too soon to identify the distinctive characteristics of a group that includes toddlers (学步儿童). Predicting how they will grow up “has no more value than guesswork”, says Bobby Duffy, a professor at King’s College London: Many judgments made now will be proved wrong in the future. Research is largely driven by commercial interests. Alpha is projected to be the world’s largest generation, with more than 2 billion members. By 2029, nearly $5.5 trillion will be spent on Alphas a year, predicts McCrindle’s research firm. That presents an opportunity for businesses, and for the marketing firms that advise “how to prepare for Gen Alpha”. Restrictions on marketing to youngsters prevent many insights. Governments regulate advertisements aimed at minors and stop their personal data from being collected without parental permission. Some surveys about Gen Alpha are filled out by parents, who interpret their children’s habits. Many conclusions do not apply to the youngest members. There are disagreements about who exactly counts as Alpha. McCrindle thinks the group should include those born between 2010 and 2024. Yet other firms say Gen Z only stopped being born in 2012. Because there is no official classification, one person’s Z is another’s Alpha. But no one can deny that Alphas are in their formative years, when attitudes and values continue to change as they grow up and come of age. It will be at least five years before Alphas are old enough for real differences to be seen between them and others, believes Duffy. Until then, the generation will keep experts and parents on their toes. What is the passage mainly about? A．The media’s excitement about naming the youngest generation. B．Why Generation Alpha is expected to reshape future markets and culture. C．The challenges and uncertainties in defining and researching Generation Alpha. D．How parents and marketing agencies influence children’s early development. 【答案】C 【解析】 主旨大意题。第1段介绍了针对2010年后出生的新一代，人们提出了多种命名；第2段说明“阿尔法一代”这一名称在英语国家流行，由人口学家 Mark McCrindle提出，象征“新的篇章”；第3段指出“阿尔法一代”相关报道虽多，但社会科学家认为目前无法精准定义其特征，Bobby Duffy称这类预测“和猜测没什么区别”；第4-5段说明对阿尔法一代的研究受商业利益驱动，且存在法律限制、样本偏差等问题，研究结论的客观性存疑；第6段提到“阿尔法一代”的群体划分存在争议，且其特质要等成长后才会显现。由此可知，文章核心围绕“定义和研究阿尔法一代过程中面临的挑战与不确定性”展开。故选C项。 【类型二：标题拟定】 2.（2023北京高考真题） Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable. Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out? B．Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too? C．Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day? D．Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve, Too? 【答案】D 【解析】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something: perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.(它们可能普遍适用于所有进化行为。最终，ALife可能没有什么特别的。但即使是这种否定也表明了一些事情：也许，就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样，ALife的崛起将被证明是不可避免的)”结合文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化。D选项“生命在进化。创造ALife的尝试也能进化吗？”是最合适的标题。故选D。 3.（2025北京西城二模）（2025北京西城二模）A theme at this year’s World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting was the perceived need to “accelerate breakthroughs in research and technology.” Some of this discussion was motivated by the climate emergency, some by the opportunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence. Yet in various conversations, it seemed to be taken for granted that to address the world’s problems, scientific research needs to move faster. Which would be the best title for the passage? A．The Danger of Fast Science B．The Need for Trust in Science C．An Alarming Warning to Science Editors D．A Popular Trend towards Rushing Science 【答案】A 【解析】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A theme at this year’s World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting was the perceived need to “accelerate breakthroughs in research and technology.” Some of this discussion was motivated by the climate emergency, some by the opportunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence. Yet in various conversations, it seemed to be taken for granted that to address the world’s problems, scientific research needs to move faster. (今年世界经济论坛会议的一个主题是人们认为有必要“加速研究和技术的突破”。其中一些框架是由气候紧急情况推动的，另一些是由可生成人工智能带来的机遇和挑战推动的。然而，在各种对话中，人们似乎理所当然地认为，要解决世界上的问题，科学研究需要加快步伐。)”结合文章主要说明了如今科学研究存在急于发表论文，过于注重数量导致了很多问题。可知，A选项“快速科学的危险”最符合文章标题。故选A。 4.（2025北京西城一模） Ultimately, the way forward is not through divisions, but through a recognition of our shared humanity. Remind yourself that each person exists at the intersection of many identities, experiences, and beliefs. Challenge yourself to practice empathy, and remember that no one is wholly defined by the worst thing they have said or done. Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Beyond Us and Them B．The Roots of Beliefism C．The Harm of Social Division D．At the Crossroad of Faith 【答案】A 【解析】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Ultimately, the way forward is not through divisions, but through a recognition of our shared humanity. Remind yourself that each person exists at the intersection of many identities, experiences, and beliefs. Challenge yourself to practice empathy, and remember that no one is wholly defined by the worst thing they have said or done.(最终，前进的道路不是通过分裂，而是通过认识到我们共同的人性。提醒自己，每个人都存在于许多身份、经历和信仰的交叉点上。挑战自己，练习同理心，记住，没有人完全被他们说过或做过的最糟糕的事情所定义)”以及文章主要介绍了作者对于信仰主义的看法以及如何摆脱这种思想，可知，A选项“超越我们和他们”最符合文章标题。故选A。 【类型三：段落主旨概括】 5.（2025上海普陀一模） The progressive — and welcome — move here is that Harvey and Evans consider the whole experience of theatregoing, not just the play in isolation. A night at the theatre can be stressful: the rushed early dinner, the endless queue for the toilet, the squeeze into seats built for small-boned Victorians, and the inevitable head blocking your view. To shorten a show is not to lessen its artistry but to make it more humane, to harmonize art with the rhythms of modern life What is the main idea of the 4th paragraph? A．The RSC is losing artistic value by shortening plays. B．The directors resolve to simplify Shakespeare’s language. C．The audience prefers watching plays online rather than in theatres. D．The theatre experience should consider audience comfort and modern lifestyles. 【答案】D 【解析】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“The progressive — and welcome — move here is that Harvey and Evans consider the whole experience of theatregoing, not just the play in isolation. A night at the theatre can be stressful: the rushed early dinner, the endless queue for the toilet, the squeeze into seats built for small-boned Victorians, and the inevitable head blocking your view. To shorten a show is not to lessen its artistry but to make it more humane, to harmonize art with the rhythms of modern life.(哈维和埃文斯此番举措兼具前瞻性与亲和力，核心在于他们考量的是观众看戏的完整体验，而非仅仅孤立地看待戏剧本身。去剧院看一场戏，过程可能满是奔波疲惫：火急火燎地扒完一顿仓促的晚餐、排不完的如厕长队、挤进那些为身形纤瘦的维多利亚时代人设计的座位，视线还总会被前排的人头无情遮挡。缩短戏剧时长，绝非是对其艺术性的削弱，而是让戏剧更具人文关怀，让艺术与现代生活的节奏同频共振。)”可知，第四段的主要思想是剧院体验应该考虑观众的舒适和现代生活方式。故选D。 6.（2025四川达州一模） At a genetic level, the healing caused by bacterial cellulose appears distinct from normal plant wound repair. The bacterial cellulose stimulated a different set of genes, turning off some typically involved with healing while activating others related to infection defense. The researchers believe this changed response results from a combination of factors: the wound itself and the plant’s reaction to the bacterial cellulose as a foreign body, potentially stimulating a defensive mechanism. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about? A．The features of bacterial cellulose. B．The advantages of the “Band-Aids” for plants. C．The limitations of bacterial cellulose in plant healing. D．The working principle of the bacterial cellulose-based “Band-Aids”. 【答案】D 【解析】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“At a genetic level, the healing caused by bacterial cellulose appears distinct from normal plant wound repair. The bacterial cellulose stimulated a different set of genes, turning off some typically involved with healing while activating others related to infection defense. The researchers believe this changed response results from a combination of factors: the wound itself and the plant’s reaction to the bacterial cellulose as a foreign body, potentially stimulating a defensive mechanism.(从基因层面来看，由细菌纤维素引发的愈合过程与正常的植物伤口修复方式有着明显的不同。细菌纤维素激活了一组不同的基因，关闭了一些通常与愈合相关的基因，同时激活了与感染防御相关的基因。研究人员认为这种变化的反应是由多种因素共同作用造成的：伤口本身以及植物对细菌纤维素作为外来物质的反应，这可能刺激了防御机制)”可知，第四段主要讲的是细菌纤维素制成的“创可贴”的工作原理。故选D。 （建议用时：15分钟） Passage 1 （2026河北一模）A study has found that verbal abuse or hurtful words in childhood may be as damaging to long-term mental well-being as physical abuse, if not more so. This groundbreaking research highlights the need to treat verbal abuse as a serious public health issue that comes with lasting psychological consequences. Research led by Liverpool John Moores University has drawn on the data of 20,687 adults from England and Wales. In the survey, participants were asked about their exposure to physical and/or verbal abuse before the age of 18. Then current mental health markers were assessed using a mental well-being scale, which factors in optimism, relaxation, social connection and coping skills. The survey asked participants how often they felt optimistic about the future, useful and relaxed. What the researchers found was that those who experienced verbal abuse as children were 1.64 times more likely to report poor mental well-being as adults. Meanwhile, individuals exposed to physical abuse were 1.52 times more likely to have mental health problems later in life, and those who experienced both verbal and physical maltreatment were 2.15 times more likely to have negative mental health outcomes. There’s a growing body of evidence that demonstrates how verbal abuse in childhood has long- term impacts. It’s often viewed as less harmful than other forms of maltreatment. The researchers found that while physical abuse had decreased — from around 20.2% of children born in the 1970s to 10% of those born in 2000 or later — verbal abuse has increased. This study found that those who experienced this in their youth had nearly double the likelihood of social isolation. There remains an urgent need for greater measures to prevent physical abuse. Verbal abuse may not immediately manifest in ways that catch the attention of bystanders, clinicians, or others in supporting services. The researchers emphasize that this study doesn’t downplay the long- term harm of physical abuse, but it highlights the need to better consider verbal maltreatment when it comes to both child protection policies and mental health treatment in adults who have experienced this trauma. 1．What did the survey in paragraph 2 focus on? A．Adult abuse experiences. B．Social connection in childhood. C．Current physical health markers. D．Childhood abuse and adult mental health. 2．How does the author present the issue in paragraph 3? A．By presenting comparative research data. B．By introducing the study’s background. C．By explaining research methodology. D．By proposing policy solutions. 3．What change in abuse patterns did researchers note? A．Physical abuse increased since 2000. B．Verbal abuse decreased significantly. C．Verbal abuse rose while physical abuse declined. D．Both types dropped among newer generations. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Physical abuse prevention strategies B．Verbal abuse’s lasting adult impact C．Survey methods in psychology research D．Improving childhood mental health policies 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕一项研究发现展开，阐述了童年时期言语虐待对成年后心理健康的长期影响，并与身体虐待进行对比，强调了关注言语虐待的必要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the survey, participants were asked about their exposure to physical and/or verbal abuse before the age of 18. Then current mental health markers were assessed using a mental well-being scale, which factors in optimism, relaxation, social connection and coping skills.(在调查中，参与者被问及他们在18岁之前是否遭受过身体和/或言语虐待。然后使用心理健康量表评估当前的心理健康指标，该量表考虑了乐观、放松、社会联系和应对技能等因素)”可知，第2段的调查关注的是童年期虐待和成年后的心理健康之间的关系。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“What the researchers found was that those who experienced verbal abuse as children were 1.64 times more likely to report poor mental well-being as adults. Meanwhile, individuals exposed to physical abuse were 1.52 times more likely to have mental health problems later in life, and those who experienced both verbal and physical maltreatment were 2.15 times more likely to have negative mental health outcomes.(研究人员发现，那些在童年时期遭受过言语虐待的人，成年后报告心理健康状况不佳的可能性要高出1.64倍。与此同时，遭受过身体虐待的人在以后的生活中出现心理健康问题的可能性要高出1.52倍，而同时遭受过言语和身体虐待的人出现负面心理健康结果的可能性要高出2.15倍)”可知，作者在本段通过展示对比性的研究数据来呈现问题。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The researchers found that while physical abuse had decreased — from around 20.2% of children born in the 1970s to 10% of those born in 2000 or later — verbal abuse has increased.(研究人员发现，虽然身体虐待有所减少——从20世纪70年代出生的儿童中约20.2%减少到2000年及以后出生的儿童中的10%——但言语虐待有所增加)”可知，研究人员注意到言语虐待增多而身体虐待减少这一虐待模式的变化。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第一段“A study has found that verbal abuse or hurtful words in childhood may be as damaging to long-term mental well-being as physical abuse, if not more so. (一项研究发现，童年时期的语言虐待或伤害性话语对长期心理健康的危害，甚至可能更为严重)”开宗明义，确立了全文核心：关注童年语言虐待对成年心理健康的持久影响。随后，文章通过介绍研究数据(如第三段的风险倍数对比)和趋势变化(第四段语言虐待发生率上升)，论证了语言虐待问题的严重性和紧迫性。文章结尾也呼应了这一主题，强调需关注语言虐待带来的创伤。因此，B项“Verbal abuse’s lasting adult impact (语言虐待对成年人的持久影响)”准确概括了全文主旨，适合作文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 2 （2025浙江一模）Screens are steadily taking over more and more of our life, leading some researchers to worry about the effect of long-term use on older adults’ brain. It has been suggested that this might lead to so-called “digital dementia” — that depending on digital technology throughout our life might harm cognitive (认知的) functioning in our later years. But new research indicates this view doesn’t appear to be true, at least for the “digital pioneer” generation who first routinely used smartphones, computers and the Internet — and who are now reaching the age when cognitive decline often starts to appear. In a paper published on Monday in Nature Human Behaviour, researchers analyzed 57 studies of digital technology use and cognitive function in more than 400,000 older adults across the world. They found that people in the “digital pioneer” generation who engaged more with digital technology did not have higher rates of cognitive decline. In fact, technology use was associated with lower rates of cognitive decline. One reason some researchers worried about “digital dementia” was previous research that linked television viewing, a passive activity, with negative outcomes such as an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默症). “On the surface, most computer or smartphone screentime might seem similarly passive,” says the new paper’s co-author Michael Scullin, a neuroscience researcher at Baylor University. “But for this group of middle-aged and older adults, phones and computers have been used for mentally stimulating activities and for social connections, such as solving puzzles, engaging with the news, chatting with friends, or using reminders and alarms to help with daily activities.” “This study provides a strong challenge to the widespread fears about ‘digital dementia’ and highlights the potential of technology as a tool for cognitive enrichment,” says Chiara Scarampi, a neuroscientist at the University of Geneva, who was not involved with the study. “‘Digital dementia’ has always felt like a catchy but overstated concept to me,” she adds. “Cognitive offloading — using tools like reminders or GPS — is not harmful by nature. In fact, it can free up cognitive resources for more complex tasks.” 1．What do we know about the “digital pioneer” generation? A．They are addicted to digital technology. B．They start using digital tools at an old age. C．They are the first to use digital tools regularly. D．They start suffering from sharp cognitive decline. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The widespread use of digital tools. B．The analysis of the new research finding. C．The great complexity of mental activities. D．The implication of the previous research finding. 3．What is Scarampi’s attitude toward “digital dementia”? A．Approving. B．Tolerant. C．Critical. D．Unclear. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Responsible Technology Use Matters. B．Cognitive Decline Isn’t Just about Aging. C．Digital Tools May Actually Enhance Our Life. D．Tech Use Isn’t Driving Dementia in Older Adults. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要是关于新的研究表明长期使用数字技术（如智能手机、电脑）的“数字先驱”一代并未出现更高的认知衰退风险，反而可能因技术使用（如解谜、社交）降低认知衰退概率，反驳了“数字痴呆症”的担忧。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“But new research indicates this view doesn’t appear to be true, at least for the “digital pioneer” generation who first routinely used smartphones, computers and the Internet — and who are now reaching the age when cognitive decline often starts to appear. (但新的研究表明，这种观点似乎并不成立，至少对于“数字先驱”一代而言是如此。这一代人是第一批常规使用智能手机、电脑和互联网的群体，如今他们正步入认知衰退通常开始出现的年龄段。)”可知，“数字先驱”一代指的是首批定期使用数字工具的人群。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段“One reason some researchers worried about “digital dementia” was previous research that linked television viewing, a passive activity, with negative outcomes such as an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默症). “On the surface, most computer or smartphone screentime might seem similarly passive,” says the new paper’s co-author Michael Scullin, a neuroscience researcher at Baylor University. “But for this group of middle-aged and older adults, phones and computers have been used for mentally stimulating activities and for social connections, such as solving puzzles, engaging with the news, chatting with friends, or using reminders and alarms to help with daily activities.” (一些研究人员担忧“数字痴呆症”的原因之一，是此前有研究将看电视这种被动活动与负面结果（如阿尔兹海默症患病风险增加）关联起来。贝勒大学的神经科学研究员、该新论文的合著者迈克尔・斯卡林表示，“表面上看，大多数使用电脑或智能手机的屏幕时间似乎同样具有被动性。但对于这一群体的中老年人来说，手机和电脑一直被用于刺激性的脑力活动和社交联系，比如解谜、关注新闻、与朋友聊天，或是使用提醒和闹钟功能协助日常活动”)”可知，本段通过对比被动看电视（导致认知风险）与主动使用智能设备（如解谜、社交、新闻互动），解释了新研究的发现——数字技术因促进脑力活动反而降低认知衰退率。选项B“The analysis of the new research finding. (对新研究发现的分析。)”概括了段落核心。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘Digital dementia’ has always felt like a catchy but overstated concept to me,” she adds. “Cognitive offloading — using tools like reminders or GPS — is not harmful by nature. In fact, it can free up cognitive resources for more complex tasks.” (她补充道：“数字痴呆症”向来是一个吸睛但言过其实的概念。“认知卸载——用提醒或全球定位系统等工具——本质上并无害处。事实上，它能为更复杂的任务释放认知资源”)”可知，斯卡拉皮认为“数字痴呆症”吸睛但言过其实，同时强调技术辅助（如提醒功能）能释放认知资源，本质无害，肯定其技术作用，表明她对“数字痴呆症”这一说法持批判态度。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“They found that people in the “digital pioneer” generation who engaged more with digital technology did not have higher rates of cognitive decline. In fact, technology use was associated with lower rates of cognitive decline.(他们发现，“数字先驱”一代中更多接触数字技术的人，认知衰退的比例并未更高。事实上，使用技术反而与较低的认知衰退比例相关。)”并通读全文可知，文章核心是新研究推翻“长期使用数字技术导致老年人‘数字痴呆’”的观点，证明数字技术使用不仅不引发认知衰退，反而可能降低衰退率。选项D“Tech Use Isn’t Driving Dementia in Older Adults (技术使用不会导致老年痴呆症)”能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 重难点10 阅读提分利器：主旨大意掌控 ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 本专项核心考查方向与高考高频难点是 概括全文或者段落主旨大意。 近 五 年高考共考查 6 次 ，其中 重 点考查 全文主旨、段落主旨、标题拟定的把握 ， 难点 为区分主旨与细节、排除“范围过大”“以偏概全”的干扰选项。 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 1. 首尾定位，主线聚焦（抓首段、尾段及各段首尾句，锁定核心逻辑） 高频词锚定，主旨凸显（重复出现的核心名词/观点是主旨关键） 细节排除，全局把控（局部信息、绝对化表述直接排除） 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 聚焦 3 种类型可稳拿分数题目，确保重难点基础分值 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 聚焦 3 种类型中高难度题目，争夺关键分数 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 挑战高考和模拟综合题型，养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”。 ) 考点 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势 考点1考查全文主旨概括 （5年1考） 2025北京卷—What is the passage mainly about? 1.题材贴近现实，聚焦人文与社会议题：多围绕人际关系、社会现象、科技影响、文化传承等话题。 2.夹叙夹议文成为主旨考查重点：通过故事引出观点，主旨隐藏在叙事之后。 3.标题拟定题占比上升，要求选项简洁、精准覆盖全文，避免片面。 4.主旨与作者态度深度绑定：主旨题不再单纯考查“内容概括”，更侧重“观点提炼”，需结合作者情感倾向把握主旨。 5.段落主旨题考查增多，要求精准捕捉局部核心，而非全文主旨。 6.干扰项设计更具迷惑性：干扰项多采用“偷换概念”“范围扩大/缩小”“细节冒充主旨”，需强化对选项的甄别能力。 考点2考查标题拟定 （5年4考） 2022北京卷—Which would be the best title for the passage? 2023北京卷—Which would be the best title for the passage? 2024北京卷—Which would be the best title for this passage? 2025北京卷—Which would be the best title for the passage? 考点3考查段落主旨概括 （5年1考） 2021北京卷—What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？ 干扰项与正确答案的“识别密码” （一）正确答案的3大特征 全面性：覆盖文章核心对象和观点，不遗漏关键逻辑； 精准性：用词严谨，不夸大、不缩小范围，避免绝对化表述（如only/never/all）； 概括性：是对文章内容的高度提炼，而非细节复述。 （二）干扰项的4大陷阱及识别方法 陷阱类型 识别方法 参考示例 以偏概全 仅涉及某段细节，未覆盖全文主线 干扰项A“Compare the current models with the previous ones”（仅涉及第三段局部对比，非主旨） 范围过大 选项内容超出文章讨论范围 干扰项D“Turn simulations of the universe into realities”（文章未提及“将模拟变为现实”，范围过度延伸） 偷换概念 替换核心词汇，改变原文含义 干扰项B“Continue exploring the classical models”（原文是“构建新模型”，而非“探索经典模型”） 主观臆断 加入文中未提及的观点或情感 干扰项C“Stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation”（原文核心是“转向构建模型”，而非“停止争论”） 考点一：考查全文主旨概括。 解题规则 •定位文章首尾段核心句，串联各段逻辑主线； •排除仅涉及单个段落的细节选项； •关注转折词（but/however）、总结词（thus/therefore）后的观点。 1.（2025北京高考真题）The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. For many years, psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone’s values, beliefs, goals and social roles. Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. What is the passage mainly about? A．How self-identity works. B．How story-tellers are made. C．How personal stories raise doubts. D．How timing affects personal identity. 答案：A 解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. (“认识你自己”这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己的认知并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改变自己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. (然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约翰逊创造了身份的生活故事模型，他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”以及第四段中“Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. (约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。)”可推知，全文围绕“个人生活故事如何构建自我认知并影响幸福感”展开，分析了其形成、作用及相关研究。“How self-identity works. (自我认同是如何运作的。)”符合文意。故选A。 考点二：考查标题拟定。 解题规则 •标题需简洁明了，涵盖全文核心对象+核心观点； •避免“过于宽泛”（覆盖内容超出文章范围）或“过于狭窄”（仅涉及局部细节）； •优先选择包含核心高频词的选项。 2.（2025北京高考真题） Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble. But they can be harnessed (利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work. The social comparisons we make — ones that lead us to feel good or bad about ourselves — are vital to our ability to thrive (成长). Science provides a guide we can use to harness the way we perform these comparisons to reduce their negative emotional impacts. Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Become a Healthy Habit B．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties C．Social Comparisons Can Get Us into Emotional Trouble D．Social Comparisons Can Be Controlled by Science 答案：A 解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble. But they can be harnessed (利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work. (当然，社会比较常常会给我们带来情感困扰。但如果我们了解其运作原理，就可以利用它们来提升自我。)”，以及第四段 “Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use these comparisons as a source of motivation (如果你关注那些比你表现出色的人所拥有而你没有的东西，与他们比较可能会导致嫉妒之情；但如果你将这些比较作为动力来源，它也可以让你充满活力并受到鼓舞)” 等内容，表明了社会比较并非全然有害，若运用得当可成为健康习惯，助力个人发展。所以选项 A“与他人比较可以成为一种健康的习惯”为最佳标题，故选A。 3.（2024北京高考真题）Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense. Which would be the best title for this passage? A．Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B．The Values of Self-discipline C．Brains: Walls Against Chaos D．The Roots of Morality 答案：D 解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans.(弗朗兹·博厄斯对19世纪因纽特人生活的描述说明了早期人类可能的道德准则)”以及文章内容可知，本文围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，主要介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中，所以“道德的起源”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 考点三：考查段落主旨概括。 解题规则 •聚焦段落首尾句、转折句、总结句； •排除段落中的举例、解释等支撑性细节； •段落主旨需服务于全文主旨，不可脱离文章核心。 4.（2025广西二模） Tey said the work of a chemical engineer could be extremely diverse, but it would always be relevant. “Whether you focus on developing future energy solutions, controlling pollution or protecting our environment, your future as a chemical engineer is bright.” What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph? A．The specific steps to become a chemical engineer. B．Prof. Tey’s suggestions on environmental pollution. C．The challenges chemical engineers face in the future. D．The promising career prospects of chemical engineers. 答案：D 解析： 解析：主旨大意题。根据最后一段 “Tey said the work of a chemical engineer could be extremely diverse, but it would always be relevant. “Whether you focus on developing future energy solutions, controlling pollution or protecting our environment, your future as a chemical engineer is bright.”（Tey 说，化学工程师的工作可能非常多样化，但它总是相关的。“无论你专注于开发未来的能源解决方案、控制污染还是保护环境，作为一名化学工程师，你的未来都是光明的。”）” 可知，本段主要讲述了化学工程师职业前景广阔。故选 D 项。。5.（2025河北一模） As a pilot project, GUARDEN also initiates a comprehensive scientific inquiry into urban agriculture. Through laboratory analysis, researchers evaluate the harvest’s safety, examining heavy metal presence and microbiological composition. Irina Sivicka, a project researcher, highlights the significance of data-driven insights in understanding the correlation between urban pollution and crop safety. Architect Ilze Rukmane-Poča contributes to project development, ensuring an all-rounded approach to urban garden realization. What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A．Scientific evaluation of urban food safety. B．Community participation in urban gardening. C．Architectural design of the GUARDEN project. D．Challenges of maintaining urban vertical gardens. 答案：A 解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段中“As a pilot project, GUARDEN also initiates a comprehensive scientific inquiry into urban agriculture. Through laboratory analysis, researchers evaluate the harvest’s safety, examining heavy metal presence and microbiological composition. Irina Sivicka, a project researcher, highlights the significance of data-driven insights in understanding the correlation between urban pollution and crop safety. Architect Ilze Rukmane-Poča contributes to project development, ensuring an all-rounded approach to urban garden realization.(作为一个试点项目，GUARDEN还开启了一项针对都市农业的全面科学调查。研究人员通过实验室分析评估收获作物的安全性，检测重金属含量与微生物组成。项目研究员Irina Sivicka强调了数据驱动的研究结果在理解城市污染与作物安全性相关性方面的重要意义。建筑师Ilze Rukmane-Poča参与了项目的开发工作，确保城市花园的落成能采用全面完善的方案。)”可知，本段主要讲的是对城市食品安全进行科学评估。故选A。 （建议用时：15分钟） 【类型一：全文主旨概括】 1．（2025上海宝山一模）Over the past few years, areas in East Asia, North America and northern Europe have been colder than normal during some periods of winter. This has left many debating whether Earth is experiencing global warming or not, but scientists have shown that Earth’s warming trends are responsible. What is the main focus of the passage? A．The Relationship between Warming Earth and Colder Winters B．The Strange Phenomenon of Warming Earth with Colder Winters C．The Temperature Differences between the Arctic and Mid-latitude Areas D．The Potential Reasons for Earth Becoming Warmer and Warmer 2.（2025陕西榆林三模） Embracing my visual impairment changed everything for the better. It was a transformative journey that taught me self-acceptance and self-love. This newfound love for myself reshaped my life, allowing me to live more openly and joyfully. What message does the text mainly convey? A．Fortune favors the bold. B．Let your true colors shine. C．Every cloud has a silver lining. D．Rome wasn't built in a day. 【类型二：标题拟定】 3. （2022北京高考真题） For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.” Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson. Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor? B．Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology? C．Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being? D．Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype? 【类型三：段落主旨概括】 4.（2021北京高考真题）Early fifth-century philosopher St．Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him．Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it．Today's state-of-the-art atomic（原子的） clocks have proven Einstein right．Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking． What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？ A．Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature． B．Everyone can define time on their own terms． C．The qualities of time vary with how you measure it． D．Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists． 5.（2025广东汕尾一模） Tech companies also see opportunities in education beyond training teachers. Microsoft announced a $4 billion initiative for AI research and training. It includes a program that will give all school districts and community colleges in Washington, Microsoft’s home state, free access to its CoPilot tools. Google said it would commit $1 billion for AI education and job training programs, including free access to its Gemini for education platforms for US high schools. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The cooperation among tech companies. B．An introduction to the NEA agreement. C．The competition between teachers unions. D．A reason for tech companies’ generosity. 6.（2025江西模拟预测） From customer service chatbots online to personal assistants in our homes, chatbots have started to enter our lives. In almost every industry, companies are using chatbots to help customers answer simple questions and direct people to the relevant points of contact. Personal assistants like Siri and Alexa are designed to respond to a wide range of scenarios (场景) and inquiries, from current weather and news updates to personal calendars, music selections and random questions. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The future trend of chatbots. B．The problems of chatbots. C．The applications of chatbots. D．The effects of chatbots. （建议用时：15分钟） 【类型一：全文主旨概括】 1.（2025上海闵行一模）Lots of names have been proposed for the world’s youngest generation, born roughly since 2010. Some are predictable, such as “iPad kids” and “Generation AI”. Others are puzzling, as with “Polars”, which nods both to growing polarisation and shrinking ice caps. One name has caught on in the English-speaking West: “Generation Alpha”. It symbolises a fresh chapter, says Mark McCrindle, the Australian demographer (人口学家) behind it. He consulted people for ideas nearly 20 years ago; many suggested the name “Gen A”. But rather than go back to the start of the Latin alphabet (字母表), he shifted to the Greek one. “Alpha” has recently become a trendy term. Reports and surveys have been published about these youngsters, describing their preferences and predicting their future. Analysts suggest that Alphas will become the most innovative generation. Such insights make for good headlines. But social scientists say it is too soon to identify the distinctive characteristics of a group that includes toddlers (学步儿童). Predicting how they will grow up “has no more value than guesswork”, says Bobby Duffy, a professor at King’s College London: Many judgments made now will be proved wrong in the future. Research is largely driven by commercial interests. Alpha is projected to be the world’s largest generation, with more than 2 billion members. By 2029, nearly $5.5 trillion will be spent on Alphas a year, predicts McCrindle’s research firm. That presents an opportunity for businesses, and for the marketing firms that advise “how to prepare for Gen Alpha”. Restrictions on marketing to youngsters prevent many insights. Governments regulate advertisements aimed at minors and stop their personal data from being collected without parental permission. Some surveys about Gen Alpha are filled out by parents, who interpret their children’s habits. Many conclusions do not apply to the youngest members. There are disagreements about who exactly counts as Alpha. McCrindle thinks the group should include those born between 2010 and 2024. Yet other firms say Gen Z only stopped being born in 2012. Because there is no official classification, one person’s Z is another’s Alpha. But no one can deny that Alphas are in their formative years, when attitudes and values continue to change as they grow up and come of age. It will be at least five years before Alphas are old enough for real differences to be seen between them and others, believes Duffy. Until then, the generation will keep experts and parents on their toes. What is the passage mainly about? A．The media’s excitement about naming the youngest generation. B．Why Generation Alpha is expected to reshape future markets and culture. C．The challenges and uncertainties in defining and researching Generation Alpha. D．How parents and marketing agencies influence children’s early development. 【类型二：标题拟定】 2.（2023北京高考真题） Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable. Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out? B．Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too? C．Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day? D．Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve, Too? 3.（2025北京西城二模）（2025北京西城二模）A theme at this year’s World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting was the perceived need to “accelerate breakthroughs in research and technology.” Some of this discussion was motivated by the climate emergency, some by the opportunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence. Yet in various conversations, it seemed to be taken for granted that to address the world’s problems, scientific research needs to move faster. Which would be the best title for the passage? A．The Danger of Fast Science B．The Need for Trust in Science C．An Alarming Warning to Science Editors D．A Popular Trend towards Rushing Science 4.（2025北京西城一模） Ultimately, the way forward is not through divisions, but through a recognition of our shared humanity. Remind yourself that each person exists at the intersection of many identities, experiences, and beliefs. Challenge yourself to practice empathy, and remember that no one is wholly defined by the worst thing they have said or done. Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Beyond Us and Them B．The Roots of Beliefism C．The Harm of Social Division D．At the Crossroad of Faith 【类型三：段落主旨概括】 5.（2025上海普陀一模） The progressive — and welcome — move here is that Harvey and Evans consider the whole experience of theatregoing, not just the play in isolation. A night at the theatre can be stressful: the rushed early dinner, the endless queue for the toilet, the squeeze into seats built for small-boned Victorians, and the inevitable head blocking your view. To shorten a show is not to lessen its artistry but to make it more humane, to harmonize art with the rhythms of modern life What is the main idea of the 4th paragraph? A．The RSC is losing artistic value by shortening plays. B．The directors resolve to simplify Shakespeare’s language. C．The audience prefers watching plays online rather than in theatres. D．The theatre experience should consider audience comfort and modern lifestyles. 6.（2025四川达州一模） At a genetic level, the healing caused by bacterial cellulose appears distinct from normal plant wound repair. The bacterial cellulose stimulated a different set of genes, turning off some typically involved with healing while activating others related to infection defense. The researchers believe this changed response results from a combination of factors: the wound itself and the plant’s reaction to the bacterial cellulose as a foreign body, potentially stimulating a defensive mechanism. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about? A．The features of bacterial cellulose. B．The advantages of the “Band-Aids” for plants. C．The limitations of bacterial cellulose in plant healing. D．The working principle of the bacterial cellulose-based “Band-Aids”. （建议用时：15分钟） Passage 1 （2026河北一模）A study has found that verbal abuse or hurtful words in childhood may be as damaging to long-term mental well-being as physical abuse, if not more so. This groundbreaking research highlights the need to treat verbal abuse as a serious public health issue that comes with lasting psychological consequences. Research led by Liverpool John Moores University has drawn on the data of 20,687 adults from England and Wales. In the survey, participants were asked about their exposure to physical and/or verbal abuse before the age of 18. Then current mental health markers were assessed using a mental well-being scale, which factors in optimism, relaxation, social connection and coping skills. The survey asked participants how often they felt optimistic about the future, useful and relaxed. What the researchers found was that those who experienced verbal abuse as children were 1.64 times more likely to report poor mental well-being as adults. Meanwhile, individuals exposed to physical abuse were 1.52 times more likely to have mental health problems later in life, and those who experienced both verbal and physical maltreatment were 2.15 times more likely to have negative mental health outcomes. There’s a growing body of evidence that demonstrates how verbal abuse in childhood has long- term impacts. It’s often viewed as less harmful than other forms of maltreatment. The researchers found that while physical abuse had decreased — from around 20.2% of children born in the 1970s to 10% of those born in 2000 or later — verbal abuse has increased. This study found that those who experienced this in their youth had nearly double the likelihood of social isolation. There remains an urgent need for greater measures to prevent physical abuse. Verbal abuse may not immediately manifest in ways that catch the attention of bystanders, clinicians, or others in supporting services. The researchers emphasize that this study doesn’t downplay the long- term harm of physical abuse, but it highlights the need to better consider verbal maltreatment when it comes to both child protection policies and mental health treatment in adults who have experienced this trauma. 1．What did the survey in paragraph 2 focus on? A．Adult abuse experiences. B．Social connection in childhood. C．Current physical health markers. D．Childhood abuse and adult mental health. 2．How does the author present the issue in paragraph 3? A．By presenting comparative research data. B．By introducing the study’s background. C．By explaining research methodology. D．By proposing policy solutions. 3．What change in abuse patterns did researchers note? A．Physical abuse increased since 2000. B．Verbal abuse decreased significantly. C．Verbal abuse rose while physical abuse declined. D．Both types dropped among newer generations. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Physical abuse prevention strategies B．Verbal abuse’s lasting adult impact C．Survey methods in psychology research D．Improving childhood mental health policies Passage 2 （2025浙江一模）Screens are steadily taking over more and more of our life, leading some researchers to worry about the effect of long-term use on older adults’ brain. It has been suggested that this might lead to so-called “digital dementia” — that depending on digital technology throughout our life might harm cognitive (认知的) functioning in our later years. But new research indicates this view doesn’t appear to be true, at least for the “digital pioneer” generation who first routinely used smartphones, computers and the Internet — and who are now reaching the age when cognitive decline often starts to appear. In a paper published on Monday in Nature Human Behaviour, researchers analyzed 57 studies of digital technology use and cognitive function in more than 400,000 older adults across the world. They found that people in the “digital pioneer” generation who engaged more with digital technology did not have higher rates of cognitive decline. In fact, technology use was associated with lower rates of cognitive decline. One reason some researchers worried about “digital dementia” was previous research that linked television viewing, a passive activity, with negative outcomes such as an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默症). “On the surface, most computer or smartphone screentime might seem similarly passive,” says the new paper’s co-author Michael Scullin, a neuroscience researcher at Baylor University. “But for this group of middle-aged and older adults, phones and computers have been used for mentally stimulating activities and for social connections, such as solving puzzles, engaging with the news, chatting with friends, or using reminders and alarms to help with daily activities.” “This study provides a strong challenge to the widespread fears about ‘digital dementia’ and highlights the potential of technology as a tool for cognitive enrichment,” says Chiara Scarampi, a neuroscientist at the University of Geneva, who was not involved with the study. “‘Digital dementia’ has always felt like a catchy but overstated concept to me,” she adds. “Cognitive offloading — using tools like reminders or GPS — is not harmful by nature. In fact, it can free up cognitive resources for more complex tasks.” 1．What do we know about the “digital pioneer” generation? A．They are addicted to digital technology. B．They start using digital tools at an old age. C．They are the first to use digital tools regularly. D．They start suffering from sharp cognitive decline. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The widespread use of digital tools. B．The analysis of the new research finding. C．The great complexity of mental activities. D．The implication of the previous research finding. 3．What is Scarampi’s attitude toward “digital dementia”? A．Approving. B．Tolerant. C．Critical. D．Unclear. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Responsible Technology Use Matters. B．Cognitive Decline Isn’t Just about Aging. C．Digital Tools May Actually Enhance Our Life. D．Tech Use Isn’t Driving Dementia in Older Adults. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $