重难点09 阅读提分利器：词义猜测妙招（重难专练）（北京专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

重难点09 阅读提分利器：词义猜测妙招 ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 本专项核心考查方向与高考高频难点是 结合语境与逻辑推理词汇含义。 近 五 年高考共考查 5 次 ，其中 重 点考查 考查名词、动词、形容词、短语和熟词生义 ， 难点 为结合上下文逻辑、语法结构、文化背景综合推断。 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 1. 上下文找线索，逻辑关系是核心 2. 同义反义前后寻，举例解释定乾坤 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 聚焦 3 种类型可稳拿分数题目，确保重难点基础分值 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 聚焦 3 种类型中高难度题目，争夺关键分数 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 挑战高考和模拟综合题型，养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”。 ) 考点 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势 考点1考查利用同义/近义关系猜测 （5年1考） 2025北京卷—What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? 1.考查范围扩大化：从单一单词猜测转向短语、指代、句意转换等多元考查。 2.逻辑依赖性增强：答案需紧扣上下文因果、转折、递进关系，而非孤立词汇。 3.语境关联性深化：词汇含义与文章主题、文化背景紧密结合，如2022年第45题“prone”需联系量子计算的炒作现象。 4.熟词生义常态化：高频词在特定语境中的特殊含义成为考查热点。 5.干扰项迷惑性提升：干扰项多为词汇字面意思或无关含义，需通过逻辑验证排除。 6.跨题型融合趋势：词义猜测与主旨理解、细节推理结合，需兼顾局部含义与整体语境。 考点2考查利用反义/对比关系猜测 （5年1考） 2023北京卷—What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? 考点3考查利用举例/解释关系猜测 （5年1考） 2025北京卷—What does the word “nuances” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? 考点4考查利用构词法猜测 （5年1考） 2022北京卷—What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? 考点5考查利用因果关系猜测 （5年1考） 2021北京卷—What does the underlined word “germane” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? 词义猜测题正确答案特征与干扰项识别 1.正确答案特征： (1)符合上下文逻辑，与主题一致； (2)不脱离语境，非词汇字面含义； (3)与前后文存在明确的同义、反义或解释关系。 2.干扰项特征： (1)直接取词汇字面意思（如“prone”干扰项“Cool”“Useful”）； (2)与上下文逻辑矛盾； (3)含义过于绝对或宽泛（如“all”“never”等词）； (4)与文章主题无关。 考点一：考查利用同义/近义关系猜测。 1.（2024北京高考真题） The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Accepted by. B．Determined by. C．Awakened by. D．Discovered by. 答案：B 解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段“If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box.(如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于contingent on我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语)”可知，句中that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词concepts and words，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测划线短语表示“取决于”，与determined by意义相近。故选B项。 考点二：考查利用反义/对比关系猜测。 利用反义/对比关系猜测词义的依据 ① 句中出现与目标词语义相反的词汇，形成明显对立；② but、however、yet、while 等转折、让步连词连接的前后内容，存在语义反差，可反向推导目标词含义；③ not...but...、instead of、rather than 等结构体现的否定对比关系，能辅助判断词义。 2.（2023北京高考真题） As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines. What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Shocked. B．Protected. C．Attracted. D．Challenged. 答案：C 解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念enamored)”可知，人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，说明人工智能和ALife二者间有共同之处，可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引，所以才有了这种观点。故划线词意为“吸引”。故选C。 考点三：考查利用举例/解释关系猜测。 利用举例/解释关系猜测词义的依据 ① for example、for instance、such as 等举例标志词后，会列举与目标词相关的具体实例，结合实例可归纳词义；② 破折号、冒号、括号后的内容，通常是对目标词的直接解释说明；③ 文中出现的定义式表达，会明确界定目标词的内涵。 3.（2025北京高考真题） Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is to repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. What does the word “nuances” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Major achievements. B．Complex feelings. C．Significant impacts. D．Fine differences. 答案：D 解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段“ In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. (为自己辩护一下，我做了我们所有人都做过的事，就是重复那些大家都认可的观点，却没有探究其中的____。但现在是时候纠正这个观点了，首先要质疑所有社会比较都是不健康的这一想法。)” 可知，作者之前只是重复普遍观点，没有深入探究不同情况，现在要重新审视，所以“nuances”意思可能是 “细微差别”。故选D。 考点四：考查利用构词法猜测。 利用构词法猜词依据 ① 词根词缀法，通过识别目标词的已知词根、前缀（如 un-表否定、re-表重复）、后缀（如 -tion 表名词、-able 表形容词），组合推导词义；② 合成法，由两个或多个已知单词拼接而成的新词，可拆解单词分别理解后再整合词义，如 classroom = class + room。 4.（2022北京高考真题） As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Open. B．Cool. C．Useful. D．Resistant. 答案：A 解析： 词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.”（ 但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。A. Open.开放的；易受损害的；B. Cool. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。 近五年高考英语真题中构词法解析及备考建议 近五年高考英语真题中，构词法猜词题主要集中在派生、合成、转换三类，以语篇语境为依托，重点考查否定前缀、名词/形容词/副词后缀及合成词拆分，以下是具体例子与考点总结。 一、近五年构词法猜词题真题汇总（2021-2025） 单词 构词类型 解题要点 答案 document（动词） 转换法 名词“文件”转义为动词“记录”，结合语境“记录物种”判断 记录 government-central 合成法 government（政府）+central（中心的），结合语境“俄罗斯中东部政府中心” 政府中心的 tasty 派生法 taste（名词/动词）+-y后缀变形容词，意为“美味的” 美味的 imperfection 派生法 im-（否定前缀）+perfect（完美的）+-ion（名词后缀），表“不完美” 不完美 downside 合成法 down（向下）+side（方面），结合后文“失去不同思维风格学生的风险” 缺点、不足 interconnectedness 派生法 inter-（相互）+connect（连接）+-ed（形容词后缀）+-ness（名词后缀），表“相互关联” 相互关联 二、真题卷中构词法相关知识总结 （一）派生法（最核心高频） 前缀（改变词义，多不改变词性） 否定前缀：un-（unlikely）、im-/in-/ir-/il-（imperfect, invisible）、dis-（disappear）、mis-（misunderstand）、non-（nonstop），如2022新高考II卷imperfection（im-表否定）。 其他高频前缀：inter-（相互，如interconnectedness）、pre-（前，如preview）、co-（共同，如cooperate）、re-（再，如rebuild）。 后缀（改变词性，部分改义） 名词后缀：-tion/-ation（completion，2024真题）、-ment（development）、-ness（happiness）、-ity（reality）、-er/-or（worker, actor）。 形容词后缀：-y（tasty，2023真题）、-ful（helpful）、-less（hopeless）、-able/-ible（comfortable）、-al（natural）。 副词后缀：-ly（rarely，2023真题）、-ward（forward）。 （二）合成法（高频） 常见类型 名词+名词：classroom，downside（2021真题）。 形容词+名词：highway，stronghold。 副词+动词：outbreak，update。 名词+形容词：world-famous，government-central（2024真题）。 解题关键：拆分单词，结合语境判断合成后的整体含义。 （三）转换法（语境依赖） 常见类型 名词转动词：document（文件→记录，2024真题）、water（水→浇水）。 动词转名词：walk（走→散步）、look（看→表情）。 形容词转动词：empty（空的→倒空）、slow（慢的→放慢）。 解题关键：根据句子成分（如作谓语、宾语）判断词性变化，结合上下文确定词义。 （四）核心词根（辅助猜词） 高频词根：vis/vid（看，visible）、spect（看，inspect）、dict（说，predict）、port（带，transport）、scrib/script（写，describe），如interconnectedness中connect（词根nect表连接）。 三、解题技巧与备考建议 优先记高频词缀：重点掌握否定前缀、名词/形容词/副词后缀，以及inter-、pre-、co-等常用前缀，形成“词缀敏感度”。 拆分合成词：遇到长词先拆分词根词缀或合成部分，再结合语境验证。 词性判断法：根据句子成分（主谓宾定状补）判断词性，进而推导词义，尤其适用于转换法与派生法构词。 语境验证原则：构词法提供词义方向，最终需通过上下文逻辑（如转折、因果、举例）确认准确含义。 考点五：考查利用因果关系猜测。 利用因果关系猜测词义的依据 ① 借助 because、since、as 等表原因的连词，根据已知原因推导结果类目标词的含义；② 借助 so、therefore、thus、as a result 等表结果的连词，根据已知结果反推原因类目标词的含义；③ 通过 lead to、cause 等因果动词连接的逻辑链条，判断目标词的语义。 5.（2021北京高考真题） The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations. Not very long ago, it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility. 答案：D 解析： 词义猜测题。根据该词所在的具体语境，第三段第一句“The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations.”（呼吁公众对世界不确定性的关注，尤其与此时此刻的情况密切相关：此时此刻，在世界上技术最先进的国家，仍处于无法控制流行病和经济危机的泥潭中），下文也提到，一场病毒肆虐，一个国家社会停止了运转，大流行无法控制，经济下行，这样的事情在不久之前都是无法想象，不可思议（unthinkable）的，即世界充满了不确定性。而此时此刻呼吁人们对这种unthinkable加以关注，正是和此时此刻的世界实况密切相关。A. Scientific科学的；B. Credible可信的，可靠的；C. Original原来的，原创的；D. Relevant相关的，有重大关系的。根据上面的分析，仅有D符合语境，故选D。 （建议用时：15分钟） 【类型一：利用同义/近义关系】 1．（2025·北京东城·一模） It’s clear what the bees were doing: picking up and categorizing complex visual patterns in the pairs of images. But recognizing differences across mediums is altogether different. Whether we’re writing poems or building sculptures, Gabora argues, we’re doing so with the same mind: one that structures information in the same way, has been shaped by the same experiences, and longs to express the same ideas. Naturally, our techniques and preoccupations in one domain should “out” us in another. What does the underlined word “out” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Assist. B．Trick. C．Beat. D．Expose. 2.（2024年全国甲卷英语真题） Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? A．Perform appropriately. B．Move faster. C．Act strangely. D．Do better. 【类型二：反义/对比关系】 3. （2025·北京海淀·二模） Sherlock was not a lone wolf. He built on the work of others. One was an American scholar George Marsh, who had called attention to deforestation and the role of humans as “disturbing agents”. In addition to revisiting deforestation, Sherlock described the changed courses of rivers through dams and canals; and the huge quantities of stuff people move while mining the raw materials of modern civilization. Human impacts were becoming so manifest, Sherlock argued, that the distinction between “natural” and “artificial” was becoming difficult to sustain. We needed a new term to study the effects of human activities on Earth. Scientists of later generations followed his footsteps. And in 2000 Eugene F. Stormer and Paul J. Crutzen formally proposed the word “Anthropocene” in a paper. What does the word “manifest” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Direct. B．Diverse. C．Negative. D．Striking. 4.（2025年全国高考一卷）As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Mixed. B．Amazing. C．Similar. D．Disturbing. 【类型三：逻辑关系/构词法】 5.（2025·北京西城·二模） The WEF meeting took place just two weeks after Harvard University President Claudine Gay stepped down after complaints were made about her political science scholarship. Gay’s troubles came after Stanford University President Marc Tessier Lavigne stepped down, after an internal investigation concluded that his neuroscience research had “multiple problems” and “fell below customary standards of scientific rigor.” Although it may be impossible to determine just how widespread such problems really are, it’s hard to imagine that the phenomenon of high-profile scholars correcting and withdrawing papers has not had a negative impact on public trust in science and perhaps in experts broadly. What does the word “rigor” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Quickness and convenience. B．Flexibility and openness. C．Strictness and precision. D．Fame and popularity. （建议用时：15分钟） 【类型一：利用同义/近义关系】 1.（2025·北京西城·一模） Indeed, beliefism is widespread in modern society. A significant part of the problem originates from the fact that we live in a world that is both physically and virtually divided. We rarely interact with people from other walks of life. Social media algorithms stoke the fires of division, locking us into echo chambers that reinforce our preexisting beliefs and shut down debate. What does the underlined word “stoke” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Fuel. B．Keep. C．Put. D．Contain. 2.（2025·北京东城·一模） It is a literal description: the neurons in the locus coeruleus have the blue colour from the production of a particular neurotransmitter, called norepinephrine. Norepinephrine raises the chance that a neuron will “fire” with an electric current. When they become active, cells in the locus coeruleus pass bundles of this neurotransmitter along their projections to other regions of the brain-enhancing the communication between the neurons in that area. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Neurons. B．Electric currents. C．Projections. D．Neurotransmitters. 【类型二：反义/对比关系】 3.（2025·北京朝阳·二模） Teamed with engineer Mike Hrachovec, Lynch redesigned Thornton Creek. They strategically put logs into the water at precise angles to create tiny waterfalls and nearly still water pockets, generating hydraulic pressure to force water down into the hyporheic zone. These accurately placed logs and rocks, known as “hyporheic structures,” also create pockets of slow water that provide safe shelters for juvenile fish — all meant to emulate features of a natural stream. Subsequent data analysis confirmed the stream functioned as Lynch’s team — and nature — intended. What does the underlined word “emulate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Record. B．Copy. C．Monitor. D．Transform. 【类型三：逻辑关系/构词法】 4.（2025·北京东城·二模） If anything, the gratitude for big tech’s generosity shows how desperate newspapers are for payment of any kind. More to the point, it will not change the underlying economics of the global newspaper industry. That is because the ad-funded business model was living on fumes even before the Internet ate the world this century. Data show that newspapers have been losing share of ad dollars to TV since the 1950s — long before the web. Circulation has also fallen relative to population, suggesting that profits were supported by economic and population growth, not because the industry was producing a more popular product. The underlined phrase “was living on fumes” in Paragraph 6 probably means ______. A．was taking off B．was moving forward C．was falling apart D．was struggling along 5.（2025·北京朝阳·一模） This idea of fight-or-flight circuits originates from the “triune brain” model dividing brains into the so-called lizard brain, including the PAG, for survival functions, the “limbic system” for emotions, and the “neocortex” for higher-order reasoning. If you know anything about evolution, you might know that something is spurious. The only animal on this planet with a lizard brain is a lizard. Also, there’s no unified limbic “system” or the “neocortex” for emotions or rationality (理性) respectively. So where does this leave the fight-or-flight story? Which does the underlined word “spurious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Rare. B．Wrong. C．Limited. D．Unexpected. （建议用时：15分钟） Passage 1 （2025·广西·二模）In a world that is coping with a growing population, there is a mounting need to develop and manage systems, products, and processes that boost productivity but with minimal environmental impact. To design a product or process well, you first need to deeply understand how a substance behaves. This is exactly where chemical engineers play a key role. “Chemical Engineering is all about changing raw materials into useful products you use every day in a safe and cost-effective way, such as using fossil oil in making petrol, plastics and synthetic fibres and so on,” said Professor Tey Beng Ti from the School of Engineering at Monash University Malaysia. A member of Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE), Tey has published more than 90 papers in leading scientific journals. “Chemical engineers basically understand how to alter the chemical or biochemical state of a substance, to create everything from face creams to fuels,” he said. The belief spurred Tey to launch a research project eight years ago which has resulted in a discovery on how to simplify the production process of therapeutic (治疗的) protein such as virus-like particles. He said the current flu vaccine is produced in fertilised chicken eggs, but it has limitations. Firstly, the virus yield is very low, and the egg supply could be affected by avian flu pandemics and so on. Apart from that, people allergic to eggs cannot receive such vaccines. In his research, Tey sought to purify virus-like particles via a chromatographic (色谱法的) purification process. This new method delivered up to 17 times higher product yield and cut processing time by 6-10 times, compared to conventional approaches. So far, they have filed 9 patents in Malaysia and published more than 50 articles in leading international scientific journals. Tey said the work of a chemical engineer could be extremely diverse, but it would always be relevant. “Whether you focus on developing future energy solutions, controlling pollution or protecting our environment, your future as a chemical engineer is bright.” 1．Why are chemical engineers key to products? A．They master the characteristics of substances. B．They minimize environment impact. C．They end fossil-fuel use. D．They cut costs. 2．Which can replace the underlined word “spurred” in paragraph 3? A．Trained. B．Inspired. C．Expected. D．Discouraged. 3．What can we know about Tey’s chromatographic purification process? A．It has replaced the conventional method. B．It requires more raw materials. C．It is more efficient and productive. D．It has been used in global markets. 4．What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph? A．The specific steps to become a chemical engineer. B．Prof. Tey’s suggestions on environmental pollution. C．The challenges chemical engineers face in the future. D．The promising career prospects of chemical engineers. Passage 2 （2025·陕西·模拟预测）Your creative hobbies could do good to your brain, according to a new study. The study looked at brain activity data from 1,240 participants across 13 countries. Researchers used the data to create brain clocks — machine learning models that compare actual and neurological (神经系统的) age and can find cognitive (认知的) differences in patients. Then, they applied those models to 232 people who make art, dance, play video games and make music, all with different levels of creative experience. Researchers found that those who practiced their skill regularly had signs of slower brain aging. The strongest link was found in tango dancers, whose brains were on average seven years younger than their biological age. Even those who only engaged in short-term training in a creative activity saw benefits, the research found. “One of our key takeaways is that you do not need to be an expert to benefit from creativity. Indeed, we found that learners gained from brief video game training sessions,” says Carlos Coronel, the paper’s first author. Those video game training sessions involved teaching 24 right-handed participants how to play “StarCraft II”, a strategy video game involving creative problem-solving. The training lasted 30 hours over three to four weeks. Another group, used as a control, was trained in “Hearthstone”, a digital collectible card game that has more concrete rules and requires less strategic. Those who spent time playing “StarCraft II”each week showed slower brain aging and did better on brain tests after their training period than controls. The more skilled the participants were in their chosen art forms, the lower their brain age, the researchers write. The findings could have important public health implications, says Agustín Ibáñez, a scientist at Adolfo Ibáñez University in Chile. Perhaps creativity, like exercise, could be recommended to patients to protect brain health. “This is not relevant only for neuroscience, but it is a cultural and policy opportunity,” Ibáñez notes. “Our societies need to imagine healthy aging through both medical and non-medical domains, such as creativity, arts and play.” 5．Why did researchers make brain clocks? A．To develop new brain video games. B．To research various art benefits. C．To measure participants’ activities. D．To identify brain aging differences. 6．What does the underlined word “takeaways” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Conclusions. B．Assumptions. C．Predictions. D．Experiments. 7．What does the study imply about “StarCraft II”? A．It requires more brain power. B．It reduces brain health. C．It simplifies brain work. D．It increases brain strategizing. 8．What is the study’s public health value according to Ibáñez? A．Advancing medical reform. B．Training local medical staff. C．Bettering social interactions. D．Providing reference for policies. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 重难点09 阅读提分利器：词义猜测妙招 ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 本专项核心考查方向与高考高频难点是 结合语境与逻辑推理词汇含义。 近 五 年高考共考查 5 次 ，其中 重 点考查 考查名词、动词、形容词、短语和熟词生义 ， 难点 为结合上下文逻辑、语法结构、文化背景综合推断。 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 1. 上下文找线索，逻辑关系是核心 2. 同义反义前后寻，举例解释定乾坤 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 聚焦 3 种类型可稳拿分数题目，确保重难点基础分值 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 聚焦 3 种类型中高难度题目，争夺关键分数 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 挑战高考和模拟综合题型，养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”。 ) 考点 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势 考点1考查利用同义/近义关系猜测 （5年1考） 2025北京卷—What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? 1.考查范围扩大化：从单一单词猜测转向短语、指代、句意转换等多元考查。 2.逻辑依赖性增强：答案需紧扣上下文因果、转折、递进关系，而非孤立词汇。 3.语境关联性深化：词汇含义与文章主题、文化背景紧密结合，如2022年第45题“prone”需联系量子计算的炒作现象。 4.熟词生义常态化：高频词在特定语境中的特殊含义成为考查热点。 5.干扰项迷惑性提升：干扰项多为词汇字面意思或无关含义，需通过逻辑验证排除。 6.跨题型融合趋势：词义猜测与主旨理解、细节推理结合，需兼顾局部含义与整体语境。 考点2考查利用反义/对比关系猜测 （5年1考） 2023北京卷—What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? 考点3考查利用举例/解释关系猜测 （5年1考） 2025北京卷—What does the word “nuances” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? 考点4考查利用构词法猜测 （5年1考） 2022北京卷—What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? 考点5考查利用因果关系猜测 （5年1考） 2021北京卷—What does the underlined word “germane” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? 词义猜测题正确答案特征与干扰项识别 1.正确答案特征： (1)符合上下文逻辑，与主题一致； (2)不脱离语境，非词汇字面含义； (3)与前后文存在明确的同义、反义或解释关系。 2.干扰项特征： (1)直接取词汇字面意思（如“prone”干扰项“Cool”“Useful”）； (2)与上下文逻辑矛盾； (3)含义过于绝对或宽泛（如“all”“never”等词）； (4)与文章主题无关。 考点一：考查利用同义/近义关系猜测。 1.（2024北京高考真题） The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Accepted by. B．Determined by. C．Awakened by. D．Discovered by. 答案：B 解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段“If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box.(如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于contingent on我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语)”可知，句中that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词concepts and words，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测划线短语表示“取决于”，与determined by意义相近。故选B项。 考点二：考查利用反义/对比关系猜测。 利用反义/对比关系猜测词义的依据 ① 句中出现与目标词语义相反的词汇，形成明显对立；② but、however、yet、while 等转折、让步连词连接的前后内容，存在语义反差，可反向推导目标词含义；③ not...but...、instead of、rather than 等结构体现的否定对比关系，能辅助判断词义。 2.（2023北京高考真题） As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines. What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Shocked. B．Protected. C．Attracted. D．Challenged. 答案：C 解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念enamored)”可知，人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，说明人工智能和ALife二者间有共同之处，可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引，所以才有了这种观点。故划线词意为“吸引”。故选C。 考点三：考查利用举例/解释关系猜测。 利用举例/解释关系猜测词义的依据 ① for example、for instance、such as 等举例标志词后，会列举与目标词相关的具体实例，结合实例可归纳词义；② 破折号、冒号、括号后的内容，通常是对目标词的直接解释说明；③ 文中出现的定义式表达，会明确界定目标词的内涵。 3.（2025北京高考真题） Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is to repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. What does the word “nuances” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Major achievements. B．Complex feelings. C．Significant impacts. D．Fine differences. 答案：D 解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段“ In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. (为自己辩护一下，我做了我们所有人都做过的事，就是重复那些大家都认可的观点，却没有探究其中的____。但现在是时候纠正这个观点了，首先要质疑所有社会比较都是不健康的这一想法。)” 可知，作者之前只是重复普遍观点，没有深入探究不同情况，现在要重新审视，所以“nuances”意思可能是 “细微差别”。故选D。 考点四：考查利用构词法猜测。 利用构词法猜词依据 ① 词根词缀法，通过识别目标词的已知词根、前缀（如 un-表否定、re-表重复）、后缀（如 -tion 表名词、-able 表形容词），组合推导词义；② 合成法，由两个或多个已知单词拼接而成的新词，可拆解单词分别理解后再整合词义，如 classroom = class + room。 4.（2022北京高考真题） As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Open. B．Cool. C．Useful. D．Resistant. 答案：A 解析： 词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.”（ 但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。A. Open.开放的；易受损害的；B. Cool. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。 近五年高考英语真题中构词法解析及备考建议 近五年高考英语真题中，构词法猜词题主要集中在派生、合成、转换三类，以语篇语境为依托，重点考查否定前缀、名词/形容词/副词后缀及合成词拆分，以下是具体例子与考点总结。 一、近五年构词法猜词题真题汇总（2021-2025） 单词 构词类型 解题要点 答案 document（动词） 转换法 名词“文件”转义为动词“记录”，结合语境“记录物种”判断 记录 government-central 合成法 government（政府）+central（中心的），结合语境“俄罗斯中东部政府中心” 政府中心的 tasty 派生法 taste（名词/动词）+-y后缀变形容词，意为“美味的” 美味的 imperfection 派生法 im-（否定前缀）+perfect（完美的）+-ion（名词后缀），表“不完美” 不完美 downside 合成法 down（向下）+side（方面），结合后文“失去不同思维风格学生的风险” 缺点、不足 interconnectedness 派生法 inter-（相互）+connect（连接）+-ed（形容词后缀）+-ness（名词后缀），表“相互关联” 相互关联 二、真题卷中构词法相关知识总结 （一）派生法（最核心高频） 前缀（改变词义，多不改变词性） 否定前缀：un-（unlikely）、im-/in-/ir-/il-（imperfect, invisible）、dis-（disappear）、mis-（misunderstand）、non-（nonstop），如2022新高考II卷imperfection（im-表否定）。 其他高频前缀：inter-（相互，如interconnectedness）、pre-（前，如preview）、co-（共同，如cooperate）、re-（再，如rebuild）。 后缀（改变词性，部分改义） 名词后缀：-tion/-ation（completion，2024真题）、-ment（development）、-ness（happiness）、-ity（reality）、-er/-or（worker, actor）。 形容词后缀：-y（tasty，2023真题）、-ful（helpful）、-less（hopeless）、-able/-ible（comfortable）、-al（natural）。 副词后缀：-ly（rarely，2023真题）、-ward（forward）。 （二）合成法（高频） 常见类型 名词+名词：classroom，downside（2021真题）。 形容词+名词：highway，stronghold。 副词+动词：outbreak，update。 名词+形容词：world-famous，government-central（2024真题）。 解题关键：拆分单词，结合语境判断合成后的整体含义。 （三）转换法（语境依赖） 常见类型 名词转动词：document（文件→记录，2024真题）、water（水→浇水）。 动词转名词：walk（走→散步）、look（看→表情）。 形容词转动词：empty（空的→倒空）、slow（慢的→放慢）。 解题关键：根据句子成分（如作谓语、宾语）判断词性变化，结合上下文确定词义。 （四）核心词根（辅助猜词） 高频词根：vis/vid（看，visible）、spect（看，inspect）、dict（说，predict）、port（带，transport）、scrib/script（写，describe），如interconnectedness中connect（词根nect表连接）。 三、解题技巧与备考建议 优先记高频词缀：重点掌握否定前缀、名词/形容词/副词后缀，以及inter-、pre-、co-等常用前缀，形成“词缀敏感度”。 拆分合成词：遇到长词先拆分词根词缀或合成部分，再结合语境验证。 词性判断法：根据句子成分（主谓宾定状补）判断词性，进而推导词义，尤其适用于转换法与派生法构词。 语境验证原则：构词法提供词义方向，最终需通过上下文逻辑（如转折、因果、举例）确认准确含义。 考点五：考查利用因果关系猜测。 利用因果关系猜测词义的依据 ① 借助 because、since、as 等表原因的连词，根据已知原因推导结果类目标词的含义；② 借助 so、therefore、thus、as a result 等表结果的连词，根据已知结果反推原因类目标词的含义；③ 通过 lead to、cause 等因果动词连接的逻辑链条，判断目标词的语义。 5.（2021北京高考真题） The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations. Not very long ago, it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility. 答案：D 解析： 词义猜测题。根据该词所在的具体语境，第三段第一句“The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations.”（呼吁公众对世界不确定性的关注，尤其与此时此刻的情况密切相关：此时此刻，在世界上技术最先进的国家，仍处于无法控制流行病和经济危机的泥潭中），下文也提到，一场病毒肆虐，一个国家社会停止了运转，大流行无法控制，经济下行，这样的事情在不久之前都是无法想象，不可思议（unthinkable）的，即世界充满了不确定性。而此时此刻呼吁人们对这种unthinkable加以关注，正是和此时此刻的世界实况密切相关。A. Scientific科学的；B. Credible可信的，可靠的；C. Original原来的，原创的；D. Relevant相关的，有重大关系的。根据上面的分析，仅有D符合语境，故选D。 （建议用时：15分钟） 【类型一：利用同义/近义关系】 1．（2025·北京东城·一模） It’s clear what the bees were doing: picking up and categorizing complex visual patterns in the pairs of images. But recognizing differences across mediums is altogether different. Whether we’re writing poems or building sculptures, Gabora argues, we’re doing so with the same mind: one that structures information in the same way, has been shaped by the same experiences, and longs to express the same ideas. Naturally, our techniques and preoccupations in one domain should “out” us in another. What does the underlined word “out” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Assist. B．Trick. C．Beat. D．Expose. 【答案】D 【解析】 词句猜测题。根据第六段中“Whether we’re writing poems or building sculptures, Gabora argues, we’re doing so with the same mind: one that structures information in the same way, has been shaped by the same experiences, and longs to express the same ideas. Naturally, our techniques and preoccupations in one domain should ‘out’ us in another.(Gabora认为，无论我们是写诗还是建造雕塑，我们都是用同样的思维去做的：这种思维方式以同样的方式组织信息，受到同样的经验塑造，渴望表达同样的想法。自然而然地，我们在一个领域的技术和关注点应该会在另一个领域‘out’我们)”可知，此处out意为“暴露，揭示”，即我们在一个领域的技术和关注点会揭示我们在另一个领域的身份或特点。D选项“Expose(暴露)”与此意思相符。故选D。 2.（2024年全国甲卷英语真题） Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? A．Perform appropriately. B．Move faster. C．Act strangely. D．Do better. 【答案】D 【解析】 词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a notch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。 【类型二：反义/对比关系】 3. （2025·北京海淀·二模） Sherlock was not a lone wolf. He built on the work of others. One was an American scholar George Marsh, who had called attention to deforestation and the role of humans as “disturbing agents”. In addition to revisiting deforestation, Sherlock described the changed courses of rivers through dams and canals; and the huge quantities of stuff people move while mining the raw materials of modern civilization. Human impacts were becoming so manifest, Sherlock argued, that the distinction between “natural” and “artificial” was becoming difficult to sustain. We needed a new term to study the effects of human activities on Earth. Scientists of later generations followed his footsteps. And in 2000 Eugene F. Stormer and Paul J. Crutzen formally proposed the word “Anthropocene” in a paper. What does the word “manifest” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Direct. B．Diverse. C．Negative. D．Striking. 【答案】D 【解析】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“the distinction between “natural” and “artificial” was becoming difficult to sustain(“自然”和“人工”之间的区别越来越难以维持)”可知，人类的影响变得如此明显，以至于“自然”和“人为”之间的区别难以维持。故划线词意思是“显著的，引人注目的”。故选D。 4.（2025年全国高考一卷）As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Mixed. B．Amazing. C．Similar. D．Disturbing. 【答案】B 【解析】 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中划线词下文“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. (学生们选取了多样的主题，交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页长，其中的人物拓宽了我的视野，也触动了我的心)”可推知，此处指学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。划线词“staggering”意为“令人惊叹的、惊人的”，与B选项“Amazing (惊人的)”语义一致。故选B。 【类型三：逻辑关系/构词法】 5.（2025·北京西城·二模） The WEF meeting took place just two weeks after Harvard University President Claudine Gay stepped down after complaints were made about her political science scholarship. Gay’s troubles came after Stanford University President Marc Tessier Lavigne stepped down, after an internal investigation concluded that his neuroscience research had “multiple problems” and “fell below customary standards of scientific rigor.” Although it may be impossible to determine just how widespread such problems really are, it’s hard to imagine that the phenomenon of high-profile scholars correcting and withdrawing papers has not had a negative impact on public trust in science and perhaps in experts broadly. What does the word “rigor” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Quickness and convenience. B．Flexibility and openness. C．Strictness and precision. D．Fame and popularity. 【答案】C 【解析】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“his neuroscience research had “multiple problems” and “fell below customary standards of scientific (他的神经科学研究存在“多重问题”，并且“低于科学……的标准)”可知，斯坦福大学的校长因他的神经科学研究存在“多个问题”且“低于科学严谨性的惯常标准”而辞职。由于研究存在问题且未达到标准，这里的“rigor”意味着在科学研究中高水平的严格性和精确性。故划线词意思是“严格、精确”。故选C。 （建议用时：15分钟） 【类型一：利用同义/近义关系】 1.（2025·北京西城·一模） Indeed, beliefism is widespread in modern society. A significant part of the problem originates from the fact that we live in a world that is both physically and virtually divided. We rarely interact with people from other walks of life. Social media algorithms stoke the fires of division, locking us into echo chambers that reinforce our preexisting beliefs and shut down debate. What does the underlined word “stoke” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Fuel. B．Keep. C．Put. D．Contain. 【答案】A 【解析】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“A significant part of the problem originates from the fact that we live in a world that is both physically and virtually divided. We rarely interact with people from other walks of life.(这个问题的很大一部分源于我们生活在一个物理上和虚拟上都是分裂的世界。我们很少与各行各业的人打交道)”以及后文“locking us into echo chambers that reinforce our preexisting beliefs and shut down debate(把我们锁在回音室里，强化了我们已有的信念，关闭了辩论)”可知，社交媒体算法点燃了分裂之火，把我们锁在回音室里，强化了我们已有的信念，关闭了辩论。故划线词意思是“点燃”，故选A。 2.（2025·北京东城·一模） It is a literal description: the neurons in the locus coeruleus have the blue colour from the production of a particular neurotransmitter, called norepinephrine. Norepinephrine raises the chance that a neuron will “fire” with an electric current. When they become active, cells in the locus coeruleus pass bundles of this neurotransmitter along their projections to other regions of the brain-enhancing the communication between the neurons in that area. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Neurons. B．Electric currents. C．Projections. D．Neurotransmitters. 【答案】A 【解析】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“It is a literal description: the neurons in the locus coeruleus have the blue colour from the production of a particular neurotransmitter, called norepinephrine. Norepinephrine raises the chance that a neuron will ‘fire’ with an electric current. When they become active, cells in the locus coeruleus pass bundles of this neurotransmitter along their projections to other regions of the brain-enhancing the communication between the neurons in that area.(这是一个直白的描述：蓝斑核中的神经元因产生一种名为去甲肾上腺素的特殊神经递质而呈现蓝色。去甲肾上腺素增加了神经元通过电流 “放电” 的可能性。当它们变得活跃时，蓝斑核中的细胞会沿着它们的投射将这种神经递质束传递到大脑的其他区域，从而增强该区域神经元之间的交流)”可知，“they”指代的是前文中提到的“the neurons in the locus coeruleus”，即“Neurons(神经元)”。故选A。 【类型二：反义/对比关系】 3.（2025·北京朝阳·二模） Teamed with engineer Mike Hrachovec, Lynch redesigned Thornton Creek. They strategically put logs into the water at precise angles to create tiny waterfalls and nearly still water pockets, generating hydraulic pressure to force water down into the hyporheic zone. These accurately placed logs and rocks, known as “hyporheic structures,” also create pockets of slow water that provide safe shelters for juvenile fish — all meant to emulate features of a natural stream. Subsequent data analysis confirmed the stream functioned as Lynch’s team — and nature — intended. What does the underlined word “emulate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Record. B．Copy. C．Monitor. D．Transform. 【答案】B 【解析】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“They strategically put logs into the water at precise angles to create tiny waterfalls and nearly still water pockets, generating hydraulic pressure to force water down into the hyporheic zone. These accurately placed logs and rocks, known as “hyporheic structures,” also create pockets of slow water that provide safe shelters for juvenile fish — all meant to emulate features of a natural stream. (他们从策略上以精确的角度把原木放入水中，以制造出小瀑布和近乎静止的水洼，产生液压将水挤压进潜流带。这些精准放置的原木和石头被称为“潜流结构”，它们还形成了水流缓慢的区域，为幼鱼提供了安全的庇护所——这一切都是为了emulate自然溪流的特征)”可知，这些结构和设计都是为了模仿天然溪流的特征，所以“emulate”与create意思相对，意思是“模仿”，与“copy”意思相近。故选B。 【类型三：逻辑关系/构词法】 4.（2025·北京东城·二模） If anything, the gratitude for big tech’s generosity shows how desperate newspapers are for payment of any kind. More to the point, it will not change the underlying economics of the global newspaper industry. That is because the ad-funded business model was living on fumes even before the Internet ate the world this century. Data show that newspapers have been losing share of ad dollars to TV since the 1950s — long before the web. Circulation has also fallen relative to population, suggesting that profits were supported by economic and population growth, not because the industry was producing a more popular product. The underlined phrase “was living on fumes” in Paragraph 6 probably means ______. A．was taking off B．was moving forward C．was falling apart D．was struggling along 【答案】D 【解析】 词句猜测题。根据划线部分下文“Data show that newspapers have been losing share of ad dollars to TV since the 1950s — long before the web. Circulation has also fallen relative to population(数据显示，自20世纪50年代以来——早在网络出现之前——报纸的广告收入份额就一直在输给电视。发行量相对于人口也有所下降)”可知，早在网络出现之前报纸的广告收入份额就一直在输给电视。发行量相对于人口也有所下降，由此推知划线短语所在句意为“这是因为即使在本世纪互联网吞噬世界之前，广告资助的商业模式就已经难以为继了”，was living on fumes意为“在困难中坚持，勉力维持”，故选D。 5.（2025·北京朝阳·一模） This idea of fight-or-flight circuits originates from the “triune brain” model dividing brains into the so-called lizard brain, including the PAG, for survival functions, the “limbic system” for emotions, and the “neocortex” for higher-order reasoning. If you know anything about evolution, you might know that something is spurious. The only animal on this planet with a lizard brain is a lizard. Also, there’s no unified limbic “system” or the “neocortex” for emotions or rationality (理性) respectively. So where does this leave the fight-or-flight story? Which does the underlined word “spurious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Rare. B．Wrong. C．Limited. D．Unexpected. 【答案】B 【解析】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“The only animal on this planet with a lizard brain is a lizard. Also, there’s no unified limbic ‘system’ or the ‘neocortex’ for emotions or rationality (理性) respectively.(这个星球上唯一拥有“蜥蜴脑”的动物就是蜥蜴。此外，也不存在分别负责情感或理性的统一“边缘系统”或“新皮层”)”可知，地球上只有蜥蜴有蜥蜴脑，也没有分别用于情感或理性的统一的边缘 “系统” 或 “新皮质”。说明前面提到的 “三位一体脑” 模型是错误的，所以“spurious”意思是“错误的”。故选B。 （建议用时：15分钟） Passage 1 （2025·广西·二模）In a world that is coping with a growing population, there is a mounting need to develop and manage systems, products, and processes that boost productivity but with minimal environmental impact. To design a product or process well, you first need to deeply understand how a substance behaves. This is exactly where chemical engineers play a key role. “Chemical Engineering is all about changing raw materials into useful products you use every day in a safe and cost-effective way, such as using fossil oil in making petrol, plastics and synthetic fibres and so on,” said Professor Tey Beng Ti from the School of Engineering at Monash University Malaysia. A member of Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE), Tey has published more than 90 papers in leading scientific journals. “Chemical engineers basically understand how to alter the chemical or biochemical state of a substance, to create everything from face creams to fuels,” he said. The belief spurred Tey to launch a research project eight years ago which has resulted in a discovery on how to simplify the production process of therapeutic (治疗的) protein such as virus-like particles. He said the current flu vaccine is produced in fertilised chicken eggs, but it has limitations. Firstly, the virus yield is very low, and the egg supply could be affected by avian flu pandemics and so on. Apart from that, people allergic to eggs cannot receive such vaccines. In his research, Tey sought to purify virus-like particles via a chromatographic (色谱法的) purification process. This new method delivered up to 17 times higher product yield and cut processing time by 6-10 times, compared to conventional approaches. So far, they have filed 9 patents in Malaysia and published more than 50 articles in leading international scientific journals. Tey said the work of a chemical engineer could be extremely diverse, but it would always be relevant. “Whether you focus on developing future energy solutions, controlling pollution or protecting our environment, your future as a chemical engineer is bright.” 1．Why are chemical engineers key to products? A．They master the characteristics of substances. B．They minimize environment impact. C．They end fossil-fuel use. D．They cut costs. 2．Which can replace the underlined word “spurred” in paragraph 3? A．Trained. B．Inspired. C．Expected. D．Discouraged. 3．What can we know about Tey’s chromatographic purification process? A．It has replaced the conventional method. B．It requires more raw materials. C．It is more efficient and productive. D．It has been used in global markets. 4．What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph? A．The specific steps to become a chemical engineer. B．Prof. Tey’s suggestions on environmental pollution. C．The challenges chemical engineers face in the future. D．The promising career prospects of chemical engineers. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕化学工程师的作用、相关研究及职业前景展开介绍。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“To design a product or process well, you first need to deeply understand how a substance behaves. This is exactly where chemical engineers play a key role. (要出色地设计一种产品或工艺，首先需要深入了解物质的特性，这正是化学工程师发挥关键作用的地方)”可知，化学工程师因掌握物质特性而在产品研发中起到关键作用。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段““Chemical engineers basically understand how to alter the chemical or biochemical state of a substance, to create everything from face creams to fuels,” he said. The belief spurred Tey to launch a research project eight years ago which has resulted in a discovery on how to simplify the production process of therapeutic (治疗的) protein such as virus-like particles. (他说：“化学工程师基本上知道如何改变物质的化学或生化状态，从而制造出从面霜到燃料的各种产品。”这种信念____Tey在八年前启动了一项研究项目，该项目已经发现了如何简化诸如病毒样颗粒等治疗性蛋白质的生产过程)”可知，Tey指出化学工程师的核心能力是通过改变物质的化学或生化状态，创造出各种产品，正是这种对化学工程广泛应用潜力的信念，让他在八年前启动了研究项目。inspired表示“受启发而激励/推动”，与spurred在此处的因果逻辑相符。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“In his research, Tey sought to purify virus-like particles via a chromatographic (色谱法的) purification process. This new method delivered up to 17 times higher product yield and cut processing time by 6-10 times, compared to conventional approaches. (在他的研究中，Tey试图通过色谱纯化过程纯化病毒样颗粒。与传统方法相比，这种新方法的产品产量提高了高达17倍，加工时间缩短至1/6至1/10)”可知，Tey的层析法提纯工艺产量更高、耗时更短，即更高效高产。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Tey said the work of a chemical engineer could be extremely diverse, but it would always be relevant. “Whether you focus on developing future energy solutions, controlling pollution or protecting our environment, your future as a chemical engineer is bright.” (Tey说，化学工程师的工作可能非常多样化，但它总是相关的。“无论你专注于开发未来的能源解决方案、控制污染还是保护环境，作为一名化学工程师，你的未来都是光明的。”)”可知，本段主要讲述了化学工程师职业前景广阔。故选D项。 Passage 2 （2025·陕西·模拟预测）Your creative hobbies could do good to your brain, according to a new study. The study looked at brain activity data from 1,240 participants across 13 countries. Researchers used the data to create brain clocks — machine learning models that compare actual and neurological (神经系统的) age and can find cognitive (认知的) differences in patients. Then, they applied those models to 232 people who make art, dance, play video games and make music, all with different levels of creative experience. Researchers found that those who practiced their skill regularly had signs of slower brain aging. The strongest link was found in tango dancers, whose brains were on average seven years younger than their biological age. Even those who only engaged in short-term training in a creative activity saw benefits, the research found. “One of our key takeaways is that you do not need to be an expert to benefit from creativity. Indeed, we found that learners gained from brief video game training sessions,” says Carlos Coronel, the paper’s first author. Those video game training sessions involved teaching 24 right-handed participants how to play “StarCraft II”, a strategy video game involving creative problem-solving. The training lasted 30 hours over three to four weeks. Another group, used as a control, was trained in “Hearthstone”, a digital collectible card game that has more concrete rules and requires less strategic. Those who spent time playing “StarCraft II”each week showed slower brain aging and did better on brain tests after their training period than controls. The more skilled the participants were in their chosen art forms, the lower their brain age, the researchers write. The findings could have important public health implications, says Agustín Ibáñez, a scientist at Adolfo Ibáñez University in Chile. Perhaps creativity, like exercise, could be recommended to patients to protect brain health. “This is not relevant only for neuroscience, but it is a cultural and policy opportunity,” Ibáñez notes. “Our societies need to imagine healthy aging through both medical and non-medical domains, such as creativity, arts and play.” 5．Why did researchers make brain clocks? A．To develop new brain video games. B．To research various art benefits. C．To measure participants’ activities. D．To identify brain aging differences. 6．What does the underlined word “takeaways” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Conclusions. B．Assumptions. C．Predictions. D．Experiments. 7．What does the study imply about “StarCraft II”? A．It requires more brain power. B．It reduces brain health. C．It simplifies brain work. D．It increases brain strategizing. 8．What is the study’s public health value according to Ibáñez? A．Advancing medical reform. B．Training local medical staff. C．Bettering social interactions. D．Providing reference for policies. 【答案】5．D 6．A 7．A 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明，有创造力的爱好对大脑有益，研究通过创建大脑时钟模型，发现定期进行艺术创作、舞蹈、游戏和音乐等活动的人大脑衰老速度较慢，即使是短期创造性活动培训也有益于提升大脑健康。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Researchers used the data to create brain clocks — machine learning models that compare actual and neurological age and can find cognitive differences in patients. (研究人员利用这些数据构建了大脑时钟——这是一种机器学习模型，可对比人的实际年龄与神经年龄，进而发现患者存在的认知差异。)”可知，研究人员制作大脑时钟是为了识别大脑衰老的差异。故选D。 6．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Even those who only engaged in short-term training in a creative activity saw benefits, the research found. “One of our key takeaways is that you do not need to be an expert to benefit from creativity. Indeed, we found that learners gained from brief video game training sessions,” says Carlos Coronel, the paper’s first author. (研究还发现，即便是只接受过短期创意活动训练的人，也能从中获益。该论文第一作者卡洛斯・科罗内尔表示：“我们的核心takeaways之一是，无需成为领域专家，普通人也能从创意活动中收获益处。事实上，我们发现，即便是通过短期电子游戏训练课程，初学者也能有所收获。”)”可知，这里是在阐述研究得出的核心观点，因此可推断takeaways在此处的含义是“结论”。故选A。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Another group, used as a control, was trained in “Hearthstone”, a digital collectible card game that has more concrete rules and requires less strategic.Those who spent time playing “StarCraft II” each week showed slower brain aging and did better on brain tests after their training period than controls. The more skilled the participants were in their chosen art forms, the lower their brain age, the researchers write. (另一组作为对照组，接受了《炉石传说》这款游戏的训练，这是一款数字集换式卡牌游戏，规则更具体，对策略的要求也更低。结果显示，每周坚持玩《星际争霸Ⅱ》的参与者，在训练期结束后，大脑衰老速度比对照组更慢，且在脑部测试中表现更优。研究人员写道，参与者在所选艺术形式方面越熟练，其大脑年龄就越低。)”可知，玩《星际争霸 2》的参与者展现出更慢的大脑衰老速度，且脑测试表现优于对照组。由此可知，《星际争霸 2》需要创造性解决问题、具备更强的策略性，相比规则更具体的《炉石传说》，它需要更多的脑力投入，对应It requires more brain power。故选A。 8．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The findings could have important public health implications, says Agustín Ibáñez, a scientist at Adolfo Ibáñez University in Chile. Perhaps creativity, like exercise, could be recommended to patients to protect brain health. ‘This is not relevant only for neuroscience, but it is a cultural and policy opportunity,’ Ibáñez notes. (智利阿道夫・伊瓦涅斯大学的科学家奥古斯丁・伊瓦涅斯表示，该研究成果对公共健康具有重要意义。或许，创意活动可以像运动一样，被推荐给患者，用于维护大脑健康。伊瓦涅斯强调：‘这一研究的意义不仅局限于神经科学领域，更是一次文化和政策层面的机遇。’)”可知，该研究的公共健康价值在于为相关政策制定提供参考。故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $