专题05 阅读理解体裁（应用文、说明文、记叙文、议论文）（专题专练）（天津专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

05 阅读理解体裁(应用文、说明文、记叙文、议论文)专题 目录 第一部分 风向速递 洞察考向，感知前沿 第二部分 分层突破 固本培优，精准提分 A组·保分基础练 题型01应用文阅读理解（原创&最新模拟） 题型02说明文阅读理解（单项选择·真题模拟）（最新模拟&原创） B组·抢分能力练 题型03记叙文阅读理解（单项选择·真题模拟）（最新模拟&原创） 题型04议论文阅读理解（单项选择·真题模拟）（最新模拟&原创） 第三部分 真题验证 对标高考，感悟考法 高考英语阅读理解的选材广泛，体裁多样，主要包括应用文、说明文、记叙文和议论文四大类。掌握不同体裁的特点和阅读策略，是提高阅读理解得分的关键。1. 应用文：包括广告、通知、指南、书信等，目的性强，信息明确。阅读时需快速定位关键信息，如时间、地点、价格、联系方式等。 2. 说明文：解释事物、现象或原理，结构清晰，常使用定义、举例、比较等方法。阅读时要抓住说明对象和主要特征，理清逻辑关系。 3. 记叙文：讲述故事或经历，包括人物、时间、地点、事件等要素。阅读时要关注情节发展、人物情感和文章寓意。 4. 议论文：提出观点并进行论证，包括论点、论据和论证过程。阅读时要把握作者观点和论证逻辑，区分事实和观点。天津卷的阅读理解题在体裁分布上较为均衡，每种体裁都会涉及，且常与完形填空相结合，考查学生的综合语篇理解能力。 01应用文阅读理解（原创&最新模拟） Passage 1 (2025·天津市宝坻区九校) Earthquake Safety Guide for Students Earthquakes can strike without warning, making preparation crucial. As students, understanding proper safety measures can protect lives during such emergencies. Here’s a step-by-step guide to staying safe before, during, and after an earthquake. Before an Earthquake Build an Emergency Kit: Include a flashlight, bottled water, non-perishable food, a first-aid kit, a whistle, and spare batteries. Store it in an accessible location. Learn Safe Zones: Identify sturdy furniture (e. g., desks. or structural supports (e. g., load-bearing walls. in classrooms. Avoid windows or heavy objects that may fall. Practice Drills: Participate in school earthquake drills to react quickly. Familiarize yourself with evacuation routes and assembly points. During an Earthquake ## Drop, Cover, and Hold On: ## Drop to your hands and knees to avoid being knocked over. ## Cover your head and neck under a desk or table. If no shelter is nearby, crouch near an interior wall. ## Hold On to your shelter until shaking stops. ## Stay Indoors: Do not run outside during shaking. Falling debris poses a major risk. ## Avoid Hazards: Stay away from shelves, glass, or hanging objects. After an Earthquake Evacuate Safely: Exit the building calmly once shaking stops. Use stairs, not elevators, in case of off power. Check for Injuries: Assist others if safe to do so. Report serious injuries to teachers or emergency responders. Avoid Damaged Areas: Do not re-enter buildings until authorities declare them safe. Stay Informed: Listen to a battery-powered radio for updates from official sources. Remember: Panic worsens emergencies. Staying calm and following protocols greatly improves survival chances. Share this knowledge with peers to build a safer community. Reading Comprehension Questions 1．What items are recommended in an emergency kit? A．A map, snacks, and a camera. B．A flashlight, water, and a first-aid kit. C．A textbook, umbrella, and phone charger. D．A blanket, keys, and a notebook. 2．What should students do FIRST when an earthquake starts? A．Run to the nearest exit. B．Call their parents. C．Drop, cover, and hold on. D．Hide under a tree. 3．Why should students avoid elevators after an earthquake? A．Power outages may trap people. B．Elevators are too slow. C．Elevators are for teachers only. D．Stairs are more comfortable. 4．What should students do if they cannot find shelter during shaking? A．Stand near a window. B．Hold onto a bookshelf. C．Lie flat on the floor. D．Crouch near an interior wall. 5．What is the main purpose of practicing earthquake drills? A．To improve fitness. B．To test teachers’ patience. C．To decorate classrooms. D．To react quickly in real emergencies. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学生地震安全指南，详细说明了在地震前、地震中以及地震后应该采取的安全措施。 1．细节理解题。根据文章Before an Earthquake部分中的“Build an Emergency Kit: Include a flashlight, bottled water, non-perishable food, a first-aid kit, a whistle, and spare batteries. Store it in an accessible location.(准备应急包：装入手电筒、瓶装水、非易腐食品、急救包、哨子和备用电池，将其存放在容易取到的地方。)”可知，应急包中应该包含手电筒、瓶装水、急救包等物品。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章During an Earthquake部分中的“Drop, Cover, and Hold On(蹲下、掩护、抓牢)”可知，地震发生时首先应立即蹲下、寻找掩护并抓牢。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章After an Earthquake部分中的“Evacuate Safely: Exit the building calmly once shaking stops. Use stairs, not elevators, in case of off power.(安全撤离：震动停止后冷静撤离建筑物，如遇停电需走楼梯而非电梯。)”可知，避免使用电梯的原因是可能发生停电，导致被困。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据文章During an Earthquake部分中的“Cover your head and neck under a desk or table. If no shelter is nearby, crouch near an interior wall.(用课桌或餐桌掩护头部和颈部。若附近无遮挡物，可蜷缩在室内墙角。)”可知，地震发生时，如果附近无遮挡物，应蜷缩在室内墙角。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Earthquakes can strike without warning, making preparation crucial. As students, understanding proper safety measures can protect lives during such emergencies.(地震可能在毫无预警的情况下发生，因此做好准备至关重要。作为学生，了解正确的安全措施可以在紧急情况下保护生命。)”以及“Before an Earthquake”部分中的“Practice Drills: Participate in school earthquake drills to react quickly. Familiarize yourself with evacuation routes and assembly points.(参加演练：参与学校地震演练以快速反应，熟悉疏散路线和集合点。)”可知，演练的目的是在真实紧急情况下快速反应。故选D。 Passage 2 (2025·天津市宝坻区九校) AI in Agriculture Artificial Intelligence Revolutionizing Farming The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into agriculture is transforming traditional farming practices, offering innovative solutions to challenges like climate change, labor shortages, and food security. Here are key applications of AI in modern agriculture: Precision Farming AI-powered sensors and drones collect real-time data on soil moisture, nutrient levels, and crop health. Machine learning algorithms analyze this data to optimize irrigation, fertilizer use, and pest control. For example, a farmer in California reduced water usage by 30% using AI-guided irrigation systems. Crop Disease Detection AI image recognition tools can identify plant diseases early by analyzing photos of leaves or fruits. A study by the University of Tokyo showed that AI systems achieved 98% accuracy in detecting tomato blight, far surpassing human capabilities. Autonomous Farming Equipment Self-driving tractors and harvesters equipped with AI navigate fields, plant seeds, and harvest crops with minimal human intervention. These machines use GPS and computer vision to avoid obstacles and ensure precise operations. Yield Prediction By processing historical data, weather patterns, and satellite imagery, AI models predict crop yields months in advance. This helps governments and organizations plan food distribution and prevent shortages. In India, AI-based predictions helped farmers increase wheat production by 15% in 2024. Livestock Monitoring Wearable AI devices track animal health, detecting illnesses or stress through changes in movement, temperature, or vocalizations. Dairy farms in the Netherlands reported a 20% drop in cattle mortality after adopting AI monitoring systems: Despite its benefits, we must be vigilant of challenges AI adoption faces, such as high initial costs and the need for digital infrastructure in rural areas. However, as technology becomes more accessible, AI is poised (保持) to play a vital role in sustainable agriculture. 1．What is the main purpose of AI in precision farming? A．To replace human farmers entirely B．To increase the price of agricultural products C．To reduce water and fertilizer usage through data analysis D．To eliminate the need for sunlight 2．How do AI tools help in crop disease detection? A．By planting disease-resistant seeds automatically B．By predicting future weather patterns C．By creating new chemical pesticides D．By analyzing images of plants to identify issues 3．The word “vigilant” in last Paragraph most likely means, ________. A．Careless B．outdated C．watchful D．expensive 4．What can be inferred about AI’s future in agriculture? A．It will only benefit large-scale farms. B．Its widespread use depends on addressing cost and infrastructure issues. C．It will make traditional farming methods obsolete within a year. D．It has no significant impact on food security. 5．Which title best summarizes the passage? A．“The History of Traditional Farming” B．“Animal Health in the Digital Age” C．“Problems with Modern Technology” D．“How AI Is Shaping the Future of Agriculture” 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文为说明文，主要介绍了人工智能在农业中的多种应用及其带来的变革，包括精准农业、作物疾病检测、自主设备、产量预测和牲畜监测，同时也提及了面临的挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“AI-powered sensors and drones collect real-time data on soil moisture, nutrient levels, and crop health. Machine learning algorithms analyze this data to optimize irrigation, fertilizer use, and pest control. For example, a farmer in California reduced water usage by 30% using AI-guided irrigation systems.(由人工智能驱动的传感器和无人机能够实时收集有关土壤湿度、营养成分水平以及作物健康状况的数据。机器学习算法会分析这些数据，以优化灌溉、肥料使用和病虫害防治。例如，加利福尼亚的一位农民通过使用人工智能引导的灌溉系统，成功减少了 30%的用水量)”可知，精准农业中AI的目的是通过数据分析减少资源消耗。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“AI image recognition tools can identify plant diseases early by analyzing photos of leaves or fruits.(人工智能图像识别工具能够通过分析叶片或果实的照片来及早识别植物病害)”可知，AI通过图像分析帮助作物疾病检测。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“such as high initial costs and the need for digital infrastructure in rural areas(比如高昂的初始成本以及农村地区对数字基础设施的需求)”可知，高昂的初始成本以及农村地区对数字基础设施的需求，是AI面临的挑战，我们需要警惕。故划线词意思是“警惕的”。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite its benefits, we must be vigilant of challenges AI adoption faces, such as high initial costs and the need for digital infrastructure in rural areas. However, as technology becomes more accessible, AI is poised (保持) to play a vital role in sustainable agriculture.(尽管人工智能有诸多优势，但我们仍需警惕其应用过程中所面临的挑战，比如高昂的初始成本以及农村地区对数字基础设施的需求。不过，随着技术变得更加普及，人工智能有望在可持续农业领域发挥重要作用)”可知，AI的广泛应用取决于解决成本和基础设施方面的问题。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章主要介绍了人工智能在农业中的多种应用及其带来的变革，包括精准农业、作物疾病检测、自主设备、产量预测和牲畜监测，同时也提及了面临的挑战。可知，D选项“AI如何塑造农业未来”最符合文章标题。故选D。 02记叙文阅读理解（原创&最新模拟） Passage 1 (2025·天津市河东区二模) Michael and his wife, new residents in a San Francisco apartment, learned about their neighbor Jeff Dunan’s volunteer work for Bangladesh Relief, an organization that provides food, clothing and essential supplies for disadvantaged people in northern Bangladesh. Inspired, Michael donated $150 to Dunan’s GoFundMe campaign. However, a credit card notification alerted him to an unintended$15, 041 charge. When he saw the five-figure number, he was confused. Soon, it all made sense. Michael’s credit card number started with four and one. Clearly, he accidentally began typing his credit card information while his cursor (光标) was still in the donation box. Michael planned to call Dunan to explain, but before he had the chance to do that, he started receiving Facebook messages from Shohag Chandra, the charity’s Bangladesh-based program manager, thanking him for his generous donation. After he looked through the photos of people holding thank-you signs that read his name, Michael’s heart sank. He felt terrible that he had to withdraw his handsome donation. Once his original contribution was refunded, he decided to donate $1, 500. Although Michael had told his family and friends about the tale, he decided to share it publicly on social media, after Dunan told him the organization was desperately in need of funds. “The least I could do was take the time to post this story online and see if I could inspire other people to donate to the cause,” Michael said. Little did he know, though, that the story would be seen far and wide, ending up raising more than $120, 000 for Bangladesh Relief in the span of only a few weeks — about eight times Michael’s mistaken donation. According to Dunan, more than 3, 700 people have contributed because of Michael’s post. Michael has been stunned (震惊) by the ongoing outpouring of support. “Never in my wildest dreams did I imagine this reaction,” he said. “People can be amazing when they come together for something like this.” 1．How did Michael make the large donation? A．He input an incorrect amount. B．He encountered a system error. C．He was greatly inspired by Dunan. D．He entered wrong credit card details. 2．Why did Michael’s heart sink according to Paragraph 3? A．He saw people in despair. B．He failed to offer enough money. C．He didn’t receive the full refund. D．He realized the scale of his mistake. 3．What motivated Michael to share the story on social media? A．Dunan’s request for publicity. B．A desire for personal recognition. C．The organization’s urgent need for funds. D．Pressure from his family and friends. 4．What message does the story convey? A．Actions speak louder than words. B．Many hands make light work. C．Always prepare for a rainy day. D．A good beginning is half of victory. 5．What can be inferred about Michael’s decision to donate $1, 500 after receiving a refund? A．He wanted to avoid public embarrassment. B．He was inspired by the charity’s gratitude. C．He intended to correct his initial mistake. D．He faced pressure from family and friends. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了迈克尔和妻子搬到旧金山的公寓后，了解到邻居杰夫・杜南为孟加拉国救济组织做志愿者工作，迈克尔向该组织捐款时误输金额，本想撤回却因看到组织的感谢而决定再次捐款，最后他将自己的经历分享到社交媒体上，为该组织筹集到大量资金的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Michael’s credit card number started with four and one. Clearly, he accidentally began typing his credit card information while his cursor (光标) was still in the donation box. (迈克尔的信用卡号码以 4 和 1 开头。很明显，当他的光标还在捐款框中时，他不小心开始输入他的信用卡信息。)” 可知，迈克尔是因为输入了错误的金额才导致了大额捐款。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“After he looked through the photos of people holding thank - you signs that read his name, Michael’s heart sank. He felt terrible that he had to withdraw his handsome donation. (在他看了人们举着写有他名字的感谢牌的照片后，迈克尔的心一沉。他为不得不撤回他的大笔捐款而感到难过。)” 可知，迈克尔意识到了自己错误的严重性，所以心一沉。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Although Michael had told his family and friends about the tale, he decided to share it publicly on social media, after Dunan told him the organization was desperately in need of funds. (尽管迈克尔已经把这件事告诉了他的家人和朋友，但在杜南告诉他该组织急需资金后，他决定在社交媒体上公开分享这件事。)” 可知，是该组织急需资金促使迈克尔在社交媒体上分享这个故事。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段 “Little did he know, though, that the story would be seen far and wide, ending up raising more than $120, 000 for Bangladesh Relief in the span of only a few weeks — about eight times Michael’s mistaken donation. According to Dunan, more than 3, 700 people have contributed because of Michael’s post. (然而，他不知道的是，这个故事将会被广泛传播，最终在短短几周内为孟加拉救济组织筹集了超过 12 万美元 —— 大约是迈克尔误捐金额的八倍。据杜南说，因为迈克尔的帖子，超过 3700 人进行了捐款。)”可知，文章讲述了迈克尔的一个无意之举，通过在社交媒体上分享，引发了众多人的关注和捐款，最终为孟加拉国救济组织筹集到了大量资金，体现了众人拾柴火焰高的道理。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据第三段“After he looked through the photos of people holding thank-you signs that read his name, Michael’s heart sank. He felt terrible that he had to withdraw his handsome donation. Once his original contribution was refunded, he decided to donate $1, 500. (在浏览了那些举着写有他名字的感谢牌的照片后，迈克尔的心沉了下来。他不得不撤回他慷慨的捐款，这让他非常难过。一旦他最初的捐款被退回，他决定再捐1500美元。)” 可推知，迈克尔是受到了慈善组织表达的感激之情的鼓舞，才决定再次捐款。故选B。 Passage 2 (2025·天津市河西区) Suzanne Heywood was just seven years old when her parents told her she, along with her younger brother Jonathan, would be pulled out of school to go on a three-year voyage around the world. The family of four from the UK set out on their exploration to recreate Captain Cook’s voyage around the globe, which ended up taking a decade instead of the promised three years. Now 55 years old, Suzanne has shared her tale of survival on TikTok, and recalled her 10 years at sea in her tell-all memoir Wave Walker. “I spent that time trapped on a boat, unable to go to school or have normal friendships.” Despite her father assuring her the trip would be safe, Suzanne claimed it was “incredibly dangerous but great as well”, sharing details of a risky journey from South Africa to Australia where the boat hit an enormous storm. In order to get through her very strange childhood, Suzanne recalled how she was determined to get an education to live a normal life. “As it became clear my parents had no intention of going back, I decided I had to educate myself as it was the only lifeline that I had,” she told the hosts of The Morning Show. She began studying in the small cabin of the boat, which she found challenging both practically and academically, as she “had missed a lot of education”. Then, when she was 16, and her brother 15, her parents enrolled the two teenagers into a school in New Zealand while they continued sailing. Despite the gaps in her education, Suzanne landed a spot at Oxford University, and after saving up money she had earned working on a farm, Suzanne bought a one-way plane ticket back to the UK Since going public with her story, Suzanne’s book instantly became a bestseller, and she continues to work through the trauma (创伤) caused by her “unstable” childhood. Suzanne’s extraordinary tale has captured the hearts of millions, with thousands of online fans applauding her for her bravery. 1．Why did Suzanne’s family set out their voyage? A．To meet the challenges of their life. B．To realize the dream of family traveling. C．To admire the beauty of great oceans. D．To follow in the footsteps of a great explorer. 2．What does the underlined word “memoir” mean in English? A．Personal experiences. B．Scientific research. C．Extraordinary tales. D．Offshore exploration. 3．What did education mean to Suzanne during the voyage? A．An approach to pleasing her parents. B．A tool for killing time on the vast sea. C．A means of struggling for a better future. D．A support of her admission into Oxford University. 4．What message does Suzanne’s experience convey? A．A strong will can free a person from family support. B．A lack of education can affect a person’s intelligence. C．A unique life can equip a person with special qualities. D．A crazy upbringing always leads to greater achievements. 5．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To analyze the impact of family decisions and give warnings. B．To record Suzanne’s remarkable life journey and inspire others. C．To evaluate Suzanne’s educational achievements and praise her. D．To promote Suzanne’s memoir Wave Walker and excite readers. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Suzanne七岁时随家人进行本以为三年实际长达十年的环球航行，在航行中她努力自我教育，后来进入牛津大学，她将自己的经历写成回忆录并分享出来，其非凡故事吸引了很多人的关注。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The family of four from the UK set out on their exploration to recreate Captain Cook’s voyage around the globe, which ended up taking a decade instead of the promised three years. (来自英国的一家四口踏上了他们的探索之旅，想要重现库克船长的环球航行，结果这次航行最终花了十年时间，而不是当初承诺的三年)” 可知，Suzanne一家开始航行是为了重现库克船长的环球航行，也就是追随这位伟大探险家的脚步。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Now 55 years old, Suzanne has shared her tale of survival on TikTok, and recalled her 10 years at sea in her tell-all memoir Wave Walker. “I spent that time trapped on a boat, unable to go to school or have normal friendships.(现在55岁的Suzanne在TikTok上分享了她的生存故事，并在她的详尽讲述的memoir《Wave Walker》中回忆了她在海上的10年时光。“我那段时间被困在船上，无法上学，也无法拥有正常的友谊。”)” 可知，《Wave Walker》回忆了她在海上的10年时光，所以“memoir”指的是她个人的经历。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“As it became clear my parents had no intention of going back, I decided I had to educate myself as it was the only lifeline that I had (当很明显我的父母没有回去的打算时，我决定我必须自学，因为这是我唯一的生命线)” 以及她想要过上正常生活的想法可推知，教育对Suzanne来说是为更好未来而奋斗的一种手段。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Suzanne’s extraordinary tale has captured the hearts of millions, with thousands of online fans applauding her for her bravery.(Suzanne非凡的故事俘获了数百万人的心，成千上万的网友称赞她的勇敢)”以及前文提到她在独特的海上生活经历中努力自学并取得成就可推知，独特的生活经历可以赋予一个人特殊的品质，使她能够克服困难并取得成就。故选C。 5．推理判断题。文章主要讲述了Suzanne从七岁开始随家人航海，在航行中自学，进入牛津大学，分享自己的故事并获得成功等经历。作者写这篇文章的目的是记录她非凡的人生旅程并激励他人。故选B。 03说明文阅读理解（原创&最新模拟） Passage 1 (2025·天津市十二区重点学校) In a groundbreaking new study, researchers have discovered bottled water sold in stores can contain 10 to 100 times more bits of plastic than previously estimated — nanoplastics (纳米塑料) are so tiny that they cannot be seen under a microscope. At 1,000th the average width of a human hair, nanoplastics are so tiny they can migrate through the tissues of the digestive tract (消化道) or lungs into the bloodstream, distributing potentially harmful artificial chemicals throughout the body and into cells, experts say. One liter of water — equal to two standard-size bottled waters — contained an average of 240,000 plastic particles (粒子) from seven types of plastics, of which 90% were identified as nanoplastics and the rest were microplastics, according to the new study. Microplastics are polymer fragments that can range from less than 0.2 inch (5millimeters) down to l/25,000th of an inch (1 micrometer). Anything smaller is a nanoplastic that must be measured in billionths of a meter. In the new study, published Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers from Columbia University presented a new technology that can see, count and analyze the chemical structure of nanoparticles in bottled water. Instead of 300 per liter, the team behind the latest study found the actual number of plastic bits in three popular brands of water sold in the United States to be in between 110,000 and 370,000, if not higher. “The innovative new techniques presented in the study open the door for further research to better understand the potential risks to human health.” said Jane Houlihan, research director for Healthy Babies, Bright Futures — nonprofits committed to reducing babies’ exposures to neurotoxic (毒害神经的) chemicals, who was not involved in the study. “Infants and young children may face the greatest risks, as their developing brains and bodies are often more vulnerable to impacts from toxic exposures.” said Houlihan in an email. Nanoplastics are the most worrisome type of plastic pollution for human health, experts say. That’s because the particles can invade individual cells and tissues in major organs, potentially interrupting cellular processes and depositing harmful chemicals such as bisphenols, phthalates, PFAS, and heavy metals. There are things people can do to reduce their exposure to plastics, said Houlihan. “We can avoid consuming foods and drinks in plastic containers. We can wear clothing made from natural fabrics and buy consumer products made from natural materials,” Houlihan said. “We can simply assess the plastic in our daily lives and find alternatives whenever possible.” 1．Where can nanoplastics be found in our body? A．The blood. B．The lung. C．The stomach. D．Almost everywhere. 2．What are the differences between nanoplastics and microplastics? A．Nanoplastics are harmful, while microplastics aren’t. B．Nanoplastics exist in bottled waters, while microplastics don’t. C．Nanoplastics can migrate through certain tissues, while microplastics can’t. D．Nanoplastics are relatively smaller, while microplastics are much bigger. 3．Why is Jane Houlihan’s statement mentioned in paragraph 7? A．To add more background information for the new study. B．To make preparations for the following contents. C．To provide an objective evaluation of the new study. D．To encourage readers to focus on the new study. 4．What is the meaning of the underlined word “vulnerable” the passage? A．Fragile. B．Optimistic. C．Emotional. D．Ignorant. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The discovery of nanoplastics in bottled water. B．The health risks of nanoplastics in bottled water. C．The impact of nanoplastics on human health. D．The importance of reducing plastic use. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究，该研究发现商店售卖的瓶装水中含有比之前预估多10到100倍的塑料颗粒，包括纳米塑料，并介绍了其危害及应对措施。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“At 1,000th the average width of a human hair, nanoplastics are so tiny they can migrate through the tissues of the digestive tract (消化道) or lungs into the bloodstream, distributing potentially harmful artificial chemicals throughout the body and into cells, experts say. (专家表示，纳米塑料的大小只有人类头发平均宽度的千分之一，非常微小，它们可以通过消化道或肺部的组织迁移到血液中，并将潜在有害的人造化学物质分布到全身和细胞中)”可知，纳米塑料能迁移到血液中，还能将有害物质分布到全身和细胞中，意味着在身体几乎各处都可能发现纳米塑料。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Microplastics are polymer fragments that can range from less than 0.2 inch (5 millimeters) down to l/25,000th of an inch (1 micrometer). Anything smaller is a nanoplastic that must be measured in billionths of a meter. (微塑料是聚合物碎片，其大小范围可以从小于0.2英寸(5毫米)到0.25万分之一英寸(1微米)。任何更小的就是纳米塑料，必须以十亿分之一米为单位来测量)”可知，纳米塑料相对更小，微塑料相对更大。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第七段中“The innovative new techniques presented in the study open the door for further research to better understand the potential risks to human health. (这项研究中提出的创新新技术为进一步研究打开了大门，以便更好地了解对人类健康的潜在风险)”可知，引用Jane Houlihan的话是为了客观评价新技术的意义。故选C项。 4．词句猜测题。根据结合常识以及划线词所在句“Infants and young children may face the greatest risks, as their developing brains and bodies are often more vulnerable to impacts from toxic exposures. (婴儿和幼儿可能面临最大的风险，因为他们正在发育的大脑和身体通常更vulnerable，容易受到有毒物质暴露的影响)”中“young children may face the greatest risks”和“their developing brains and bodies”可推知，由于婴儿和幼儿正在发育，他们的大脑和身体更“脆弱”，所以容易受到有毒物质的影响，面临最大的风险。故划线词vulnerable意为“脆弱的”，与A项“Fragile”意思相近。故选A项。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“In a groundbreaking new study, researchers have discovered bottled water sold in stores can contain 10 to 100 times more bits of plastic than previously estimated — nanoplastics (纳米塑料) are so tiny that they cannot be seen under a microscope. (在一项具有开创性的新研究中，研究人员发现商店售卖的瓶装水中含有的塑料颗粒比之前预估的多10到100倍——纳米塑料非常微小，在显微镜下都看不见)”和第六段“Instead of 300 per liter, the team behind the latest study found the actual number of plastic bits in three popular brands of water sold in the United States to be in between 110,000 and 370,000, if not higher.(最新研究背后的团队发现，在美国销售的三种流行品牌的水中，塑料碎片的实际数量在11万到37万之间，而不是每升300个)”可知，本文主要围绕在瓶装水中发现纳米塑料这一研究发现展开。故选A项。 Passage 1 (2025·天津市十二区重点学校) People’s first memories are all autobiographical (自传式的), or memories of significant experiences in their lives, and these events typically didn’t happen before the age of 2 or 3. In fact, most people can’t remember things from the first few years of their lives — a phenomenon researchers have called infantile amnesia. However, research suggests that infants can form other kinds of memories. Within the first few days of life, infants (婴儿) can recall their own mother’s face and distinguish it from the face of a stranger. A few months later, infants can demonstrate that they remember lots of familiar faces by smiling most at the ones they see most often. But if so, why do people experience infantile amnesia (健忘症)? Though it still isn’t clear whether it’s because we can’t form autobiographical memories, or whether we just have no way to get them back, scientists have a few guesses. One is that autobiographical memories require you to have some sense of self. Researchers have tested this ability using a mirror recognition task called the rouge test. It involves marking a baby’s nose with a red spot. Researchers then place the infant in front of a mirror. Infants younger than 18 months just smile at the baby in the reflection, not showing any evidence of recognizing themselves or the red mark on their face. Between 18 and 24 months, infants touch their own nose, even looking embarrassed, suggesting that they connect the red dot in the mirror with their own face — they start to form some sense of self. Another possible explanation is that because infants don’t have language until later in the second year of life, they can’t form account about their own lives that they can later recall. Finally, the hippocampus, which is the region of the brain that’s largely responsible for memory, isn’t fully developed in the infancy period. Scientists will continue to investigate how these factors might contribute to infantile amnesia. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To give an example. B．To bring up the topic. C．To provide the background. D．To show the author’s attitude. 2．What can infants do in their first few months? A．Distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar faces. B．Memorize the majority of their family members. C．Remember a string of events from the recent past. D．Identify their own reflections in the mirror. 3．Through the rouge test, scientists discovers that babies between 18 to 24 months can ______. A．enjoy playing with their reflections B．ignore the marks on their faces C．see their reflections as themselves D．show a strong interest in the mirror 4．What could be a cause of infantile amnesia, according to the text? A．Infants’ inability to recall memories. B．Infants’ immature hippocampus. C．Infants’ undeveloped communication skills. D．Infants’ unsteady autobiographical memories. 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．When do babies start remembering things? B．Why is it hard to retrieve lost memories? C．How do kids form their first memories? D．Why can’t we remember being a baby? 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍婴儿期遗忘现象，指出婴儿可形成部分记忆，探讨其成因，包括自我意识、语言和海马体发育等方面 。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“People’s first memories are all autobiographical (自传式的), or memories of significant experiences in their lives, and these events typically didn’t happen before the age of 2 or 3. In fact, most people can’t remember things from the first few years of their lives — a phenomenon researchers have called infantile amnesia.(人们的最初记忆都是自传式的，或者说是对生活中重要经历的记忆，而这些事件通常不会发生在两三岁之前。事实上，大多数人都记不起自己生命最初几年的事情 —— 研究人员称这种现象为婴儿期遗忘)”结合下文对婴儿遗忘现象的讨论可知，作者先介绍了人们最初记忆的特点以及婴儿期遗忘这一现象，目的是引出下文对于婴儿记忆相关内容的讨论，也就是引出话题。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Within the first few days of life, infants (婴儿) can recall their own mother’s face and distinguish it from the face of a stranger. A few months later, infants can demonstrate that they remember lots of familiar faces by smiling most at the ones they see most often.(在出生后的头几天里，婴儿能够回想起自己母亲的脸，并将其与陌生人的脸区分开来。几个月后，婴儿可以通过对他们最常看到的人笑得最多来表明他们记得很多熟悉的面孔)”可知，在最初的几个月里，婴儿能够区分熟悉和不熟悉的面孔。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Between 18 and 24 months, infants touch their own nose, even looking embarrassed, suggesting that they connect the red dot in the mirror with their own face — they start to form some sense of self.(在18到24个月大的时候，婴儿会触摸自己的鼻子，甚至看起来有些尴尬，这表明他们将镜子中的红点与自己的脸联系起来 —— 他们开始形成一些自我意识)”可知，通过胭脂测试，科学家发现18到24个月大的婴儿会把镜子中的自己当作自己，也就是能把镜子里影像的和自己联系起来。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Finally, the hippocampus, which is the region of the brain that’s largely responsible for memory, isn’t fully developed in the infancy period.(最后，海马体，这个在很大程度上负责记忆的大脑区域，在婴儿期并没有完全发育)”可知，婴儿期遗忘的一个原因是婴儿的海马体不成熟。故选B项。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开头介绍了婴儿期遗忘这一现象，接着讲述了婴儿其实能形成其他记忆，然后重点探讨了人们为什么会经历婴儿期遗忘，给出了几个可能的原因，如自我意识的形成、语言的缺乏、海马体未发育完全等。所以D选项Why can’t we remember being a baby?(为什么我们记不起自己还是婴儿时的事情？) 符合文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选D项。 04议论文阅读理解（原创&最新模拟） Passage 1 (2025·天津市和平区高三二模) Sorry, I’m just now seeing your email! (You sent it 15 minutes ago.) Sorry that you completely misinterpreted that thing I said Sorry you just rammed (冲撞) into me with your grocery-store cart. Apology is everywhere in conversations and communications. We drop it indiscriminately crying “my fault” for all manner of things we really should’t be sorry for-and diluting (稀释) the apologies that truly matter. Is it time to stop? Could we even cut back if we wanted to? “Sorry” has lost its meaning, she realized, no longer a heartfelt declaration of remorse (燠悔) but a knee-jerk (下意识的) response. Now, faced with the blinking cursor (光标) of a blank email, Ms. Julig asks herself, did I miss something, or mess someone else up? If the answer is no, she’s not sorry. “Don’t give away your power,” suggests Jeffrey Pfeffer, a professor of organizational behavior at Stanford Graduate School of Business and author of a book about commanding authority at work. Apologizing in business, especially when you’ve actually done something wrong, is just asking for trouble, he says. People are never satisfied with an apology, he adds. Groveling (卑躬屈膝) and exhibiting vulnerability (脆弱) only make you look weak and sink team morale (士气). “Always feeling like you need to say ‘sorry’ makes you kind of feel like crap,” says Jen Fisher, the chief well-being officer for Deloitte. Last year, she logged her own apologies, flagging the ones that felt unnecessary and replacing them with expressions of gratitude. Have to move a meeting? Try, “I appreciate your flexibility,” or “I’m grateful for your understanding,” she says. Remember that it’s not your responsibility to apologize for things out of your control, such as the weather or a client moving a deadline. Putting “sorry” on loop (循环,环状) waters down the moments when you really do need to show remorse, she adds. And of course, people often employ “sorry” to mean exactly the opposite, more a passive-aggressive insult (冒犯) than real regret. Be aware of how others respond when you use words of contrition (忏悔), Dr. Tannen cautions. If colleagues call out your apologizing, you might explain that you were just saying you were sorry a thing happened, and not sorry sorry. Kingston Vickers tried. After moving to Texas years ago, the native Canadian resolved to remove the “ehs” and “sorrys” from his vocabulary. Doing so consumed so much mental effort that he grew nervous when talking and wasn’t as effective at his sales job. Now he embraces his tendency, and says his work has benefited. 1．Which of the following is not a disadvantage of always wanting to apologize? A．It may weaken the power of true apologies. B．The people you apologize to may ask for more. C．It makes it easy for people to look down on you. D．It can do harm to the people you work with in business. 2．What suggestion does Jen Fisher give about making apologies? A．Try putting sorry on loops. B．Avoid apologies as many as possible. C．Express more appreciation than apologies. D．Only apologize for things out of your control. 3．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．Making apologies too much can be harmful to us mentally and physically. B．Sometimes when people say they are sorry they do not genuinely mean that. C．We should avoid making apologies in business world to avoid being exploited. D．Sorry has lost its meaning so we should choose other words to express our regret. 4．What can we infer from the example of Kingston Vickers? A．Natural communication style can enhance job performance. B．Apologizing is an important part of Canadian culture. C．Adapting to a new communication style is always beneficial for work. D．Trying to stop apologizing is a waste of time and energy. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．We should stop using the word “sorry” in our daily conversations. B．The overuse and misuse of the word “sorry” in conversations and communications. C．People from different cultures have different attitudes towards apologizing. D．There are better ways to express remorse than just saying “sorry”. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕“道歉”探讨了道歉文化以及其影响，并说明了改变道歉习惯可能带来的问题。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Apologizing in business, especially when you’ve actually done something wrong, is just asking for trouble, he says. People are never satisfied with an apology, he adds. Groveling (卑躬屈膝) and exhibiting vulnerability (脆弱) only make you look weak and sink team morale (士气).(在商业活动中道歉，尤其是当你确实做了错事的时候，简直就是自找麻烦。他还补充说，人们永远不会对一次道歉感到满足。卑躬屈膝和表现出自己的脆弱只会让你显得软弱，还会打击团队士气)”可知，过度且不恰当的道歉行为对商业伙伴或团队关系的负面影响，而不是本身会直接伤害同事关系。由此可知，选项D“It can do harm to the people you work with in business.(它可能会伤害到与你共事的商业伙伴)”并不是总想道歉的直接劣势。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段““Always feeling like you need to say ‘sorry’ makes you kind of feel like crap,” says Jen Fisher, the chief well-being officer for Deloitte. Last year, she logged her own apologies, flagging the ones that felt unnecessary and replacing them with expressions of gratitude.(德勤公司的首席幸福官Jen Fisher说：“总是觉得自己需要说‘抱歉’会让你感觉糟透了。”去年，她记录下了自己的道歉行为，标记出那些她觉得不必要的道歉，并把它们换成了感激之词)”以及第五段“Have to move a meeting? Try, “I appreciate your flexibility,” or “I’m grateful for your understanding,” she says. Remember that it’s not your responsibility to apologize for things out of your control, such as the weather or a client moving a deadline. Putting “sorry” on loop (循环,环状) waters down the moments when you really do need to show remorse, she adds.(要是不得不更改会议时间呢？可以试着说：“感谢你的灵活性。”或者“感谢你的理解。”她说。要记住，对于那些你无法控制的事情，比如天气或者客户更改了截止日期，你没有责任去道歉。她还补充说，不停地说“抱歉”会淡化那些你真正需要表达悔意的时刻)”可知，Jen Fisher建议表达更多的感激之情而不是道歉。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“And of course, people often employ “sorry” to mean exactly the opposite, more a passive-aggressive insult (冒犯) than real regret.(当然，人们经常会用“抱歉”来表达完全相反的意思，这更多的是一种带有消极攻击性的冒犯，而不是真正的懊悔)”可知，有时人们说抱歉并非真心。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Kingston Vickers tried. After moving to Texas years ago, the native Canadian resolved to remove the “ehs” and “sorrys” from his vocabulary. Doing so consumed so much mental effort that he grew nervous when talking and wasn’t as effective at his sales job. Now he embraces his tendency, and says his work has benefited.( Kingston Vickers曾尝试过改变。几年前搬到得克萨斯州后，这位土生土长的加拿大人决心从自己的词汇中去掉 “呃”和“抱歉”这类词。但这样做耗费了他太多的心力，以至于他在交谈时变得紧张不安，做销售工作时也没有那么高效了。现在，他接受了自己的这种习惯，并且说他的工作因此受益了)”可知，Kingston Vickers试图改变道歉习惯却导致工作表现下降，而恢复自然沟通方式后工作受益，由此推断自然的沟通风格能提升工作表现。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇通过列举生活中频繁道歉的场景，引出“道歉在对话和交流中无处不在，我们常为不应抱歉之事随意道歉，稀释了真正重要的道歉”这一话题。接着，阐述了“抱歉”一词失去原本意义，变成下意识反应的现象，还引用不同人的观点说明过度道歉的弊端，如在商业中可能带来麻烦、让人感觉糟糕等，同时提到人们有时用 “抱歉”表达相反意思。最后通过Kingston Vickers的例子进一步说明改变道歉习惯可能带来的问题。因此，文章的主要观点是在对话和交流中“抱歉”一词的过度使用和误用。故选B。 Passage 2 (2025·天津市河北区高三下学期总复习质量检测二模) Ancient Greek philosopher Socrates famously declared that the unexamined life wasn't worth living for a human being, implying that we should attempt to know ourselves, to think through our actions, choices, prejudices, and attitudes. But when it comes to thinking about our own happiness and what makes our lives go well, it really does seem that this reflective attitude can ruin our chances of finding what we seek. For instance, constantly overthinking our social interactions or obsessing over minor details at work can lead to missed opportunities and increased anxiety. Perhaps, in our quest for self-improvement, we need to achieve harmony between reflection and action. Perhaps it's not surprising that we are better designed for engaging in other activities than reflecting on how best to achieve our own happiness and well-being. Doing things that enhance our growth in physical, social, and intellectual areas tends to bring the reward of feeling good, and so stimulates us further to pursue those activities. Sitting around reflecting on what will make us happy is a lot less efficient than chasing the things that make us happy. If we think too much, there is an opportunity cost — time that we could have spent in a worthwhile activity has gone while we were thinking deeply about the best way to develop. The philosopher David has explored the role of reflective thinking in sports, and his observations offer valuable insights. He notes that while athletes must think about the basic actions they perform, overthinking the mechanics of those actions can be counterproductive. For instance, a footballer needs to focus on kicking the ball low and hard to the left of the goalkeeper, but not on the minute movements of the legs and feet that produce the desired outcome. Overthinking often leads to a poorer performance; instead, an automatic response to the situation is required. This is because the human mind and body are designed to work in harmony when engaged in activities, and overthinking disrupts this natural flow. A similar dynamic could also be operating in our lives. Individuals who start detailed programs of self-development in various dimensions, focusing on diet, habits, exercise, mental activity, work output, and so on, are like the footballer overthinking their development. Their well-intentioned self-reflection might actually prevent them from achieving a high level of fulfillment. Sometimes, it is better to engage in activities wholeheartedly rather than constantly analyzing every aspect of our lives. After all, happiness may be found more easily through action than through endless contemplation. As we know, the path to fulfillment, then, may lie not in relentless self-dissection, but in the courage to act — even imperfectly — while allowing reflection to guide, not govern, our lives. 1．By citing Socrates in Paragraph 1, the author primarily intends to . A．show the history of self-examination B．compare ancient and modern views C．criticize philosophical traditions D．introduce the topic of reflection 2．What may cause an opportunity cost according to the passage? A．Spending time on worthy activities. B．Focusing on efficient physical exercises. C．Spending too much time in self-reflection. D．Participating actively in social interactions. 3．Why does the author mention David's observations? A．To praise a wise philosopher. B．To show overthinking effects. C．To teach readers football skills. D．To argue for reflective thinking. 4．The author believes happiness is primarily achieved by . A．recording every life detail for analysis B．balancing action with timely reflection C．studying happiness theories extensively D．following self-improvement checklists strictly 5．How does the author develop this passage? A．By using numbers and test results. B．By telling stories from his own life. C．By comparing old and new ideas about thinking. D．By giving examples from sports and philosophy. 6．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Thinking deeply guarantees success. B．Philosophers misunderstand human nature. C．Overthinking may prevent self-improvement. D．Physical activities outweigh mental exercises. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．D 6．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了过度思考可能会阻碍自我提升，我们应在行动和反思之间找到平衡，幸福可能更多地通过行动而非无尽的沉思来实现。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Ancient Greek philosopher Socrates famously declared that the unexamined life wasn't worth living for a human being, implying that we should attempt to know ourselves, to think through our actions, choices, prejudices, and attitudes. (古希腊哲学家苏格拉底有句名言：未经审视的生活对人类来说是不值得过的，这意味着我们应该努力了解自己，思考我们的行为、选择、偏见和态度。)” 可知，作者引用苏格拉底的话是为了引出反思这个话题。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“If we think too much, there is an opportunity cost — time that we could have spent in a worthwhile activity has gone while we were thinking deeply about the best way to develop. (如果我们思考得太多，就会有机会成本 —— 当我们在深入思考最佳发展方式时，我们本可以花在有价值活动上的时间就过去了。)” 可知，花太多时间在自我反思上会导致机会成本。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“He notes that while athletes must think about the basic actions they perform, overthinking the mechanics of those actions can be counterproductive .(他指出，虽然运动员必须考虑他们所执行的基本动作，但过度思考这些动作的机制可能会适得其反。)” 可知，作者提到大卫的观察是为了展示过度思考的影响。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Perhaps, in our quest for self - improvement, we need to achieve harmony between reflection and action. (也许，在我们追求自我提升的过程中，我们需要在反思和行动之间实现和谐。)” 以及最后一段 “As we know, the path to fulfillment, then, may lie not in relentless self - dissection, but in the courage to act — even imperfectly — while allowing reflection to guide, not govern, our lives. (正如我们所知，通往实现自我的道路可能不在于无情的自我剖析，而在于有勇气去行动 —— 即使不完美 —— 同时让反思来引导，而不是支配我们的生活。)” 可知，作者认为幸福主要是通过平衡行动和及时反思来实现的。故选B。 5．推理判断题。文章第一段通过引用古希腊哲学家苏格拉底的话引入反思的话题，接着第二段指出过度反思存在机会成本，第三段引用哲学家大卫在体育方面的观察，以足球运动员为例说明过度思考动作的力学原理会适得其反，第四段将这种情况类比到生活中，说明在生活中过度的自我反思也可能阻碍实现高度的满足感，最后一段得出结论。由此可见，作者是通过举体育和哲学方面的例子来展开文章的。故选D。 6．主旨大意题。文章开篇引用苏格拉底的话引出反思的话题，接着指出过度反思会破坏我们找到幸福的机会，如第一段“But when it comes to thinking about our own happiness and what makes our lives go well, it really does seem that this reflective attitude can ruin our chances of finding what we seek. (但当涉及到思考我们自己的幸福以及什么能让我们的生活变得美好时，这种反思态度似乎确实会破坏我们找到所求之物的机会。)”第二段提到过度思考存在机会成本，第三段以运动员为例说明过度思考动作技巧会适得其反，第四段指出在生活中类似的情况也会发生，个体过度的自我发展反思可能阻碍他们实现高度的满足感，最后一段总结实现满足感的途径在于行动，让反思起到引导作用。综合全文可知，文章主要讲述的是过度反思可能会阻碍自我提升。故选C。 Passage 1 （2025·天津·高考真题）Writing Competitions 2025 The Caledonia Novel AwardThe award is for the best novel manuscript (原稿). All entries must be original manuscripts at least 50,000 words long by unpublished writers. The first prize is £1,500. There is a special prize of a free place on a creative writing course at Moniack Mhor Centre, the sponsor of the competition. The entry fee is £28. A number of sponsored places are available for writers on low incomes. The closing date is 31 May. Website: https://thecnaward.com/submit The Deborah Rogers Foundation Writers AwardThe DRF Writers Award invites submissions of 15,000-20,000 words of a work in progress, which may be fiction or non-fiction. Writers must not previously have published any work. The winner will receive £10,000 and two shortlisted writers will receive £1,000. The closing date is 31 May. Website: https://www.drf.org/enter Imagine 2100 Climate Fiction CompetitionWriters are invited to “envision (展望) a future where humanity overcomes the climate crisis and builds a more sustainable world.” Your story can be set sometime between the near future and the year 2100. Stories should be unpublished, between 2,500-5,000 words. Entry is free, with the first prize of £3,000. The winning stories will be published on the competition’s website. The deadline is 24 June. Website: https://climatefiction.org/submit New Writers Flash Fiction CompetitionNew Writers is inviting entries of short fiction on any theme up to 300 words. The first prize is £1,100. The winning entries will be published on the New Writers website. All entries must be original and unpublished. There is an entry fee of £10. £1 from each entry will be donated to First Story, the creative writing charity for young people. A limited number of free entries are available for low-income writers. The closing date is 31 March. Website: https://newwriters.net/compete 1．How many words are required for the entries to the competition sponsored by Moniack Mhor Centre? A．Up to 300. B．2,500 to 5,000. C．15,000 to 20,000. D．At least 50,000. 2．The DRF Writers Award differs from the other competitions in that________. A．it awards money prizes B．it offers a free writing course C．it accepts non-fiction entries D．it publishes winning stories online 3．Which competition involves donation to young writers? A．The Caledonia Novel Award. B．New Writers Flash Fiction Competition. C．Imagine 2100 Climate Fiction Competition. D．The Deborah Rogers Foundation Writers Award. 4．What do the four competitions have in common? A．Entries must not be previously published. B．They all fund low-income writers. C．All competitions are entry free. D．Participants should write on particular themes. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍2025年四项写作比赛的参赛要求、奖项设置、截止日期等核心信息。 1．细节理解题。根据“The Caledonia Novel Award”部分中的“All entries must be original manuscripts at least 50,000 words long by unpublished writers. There is a special prize of a free place on a creative writing course at Moniack Mhor Centre, the sponsor of the competition.( 所有参赛作品必须是未出版作家的原创手稿，字数至少5万字。本次比赛的赞助商莫尼亚克·莫尔中心将提供一个创意写作课程的免费名额作为特别奖项。)”可知，莫尼亚克·莫尔中心赞助的比赛要求参赛作品字数至少5万字。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据“The Deborah Rogers Foundation Writers Award”部分中的“The DRF Writers Award invites submissions of 15,000-20,000 words of a work in progress, which may be fiction or non-fiction. (DRF作家奖邀请提交1.5万至2万字的未完成作品，作品可以是小说或非虚构作品。)”可知，该奖项与其他比赛的不同之处在于接受非虚构作品参赛。其他三项比赛均未提及接受非虚构作品，A项“颁发奖金”、D项“在线发表获奖作品”是部分比赛的共同特点，B项“提供免费写作课程”仅属于The Caledonia Novel Award。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据“New Writers Flash Fiction Competition”部分中的“There is an entry fee of £10. £1 from each entry will be donated to First Story, the creative writing charity for young people.( 参赛费用为10英镑。每笔参赛费用中的1英镑将捐赠给First Story，这是一个面向年轻人的创意写作慈善机构。)”可知，该比赛涉及对年轻作家的捐赠。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据各项比赛的要求：The Caledonia Novel Award“All entries must be original manuscripts... by unpublished writers. (所有参赛作品必须是未出版作家的原创手稿)”、The Deborah Rogers Foundation Writers Award“Writers must not previously have published any work. (作家之前不得出版过任何作品)”、Imagine 2100 Climate Fiction Competition“Stories should be unpublished... (作品应为未出版作品)”、New Writers Flash Fiction Competition“All entries must be original and unpublished. (所有参赛作品必须是原创且未出版的)”可知，四项比赛的共同要求是参赛作品必须是未出版的。故选A项。 Passage 2 （2022·天津·高考真题）Getting into college is a big step for high school graduates, and it comes with a lot of changes. For most students, it’s the first time they’re living away from home and managing their own life. Not surprisingly, adapting to this new lifestyle can be challenging. The following four tips will make high school graduates better prepared for college life. Goal setting When setting goals, whether they’re academic, career, or personal, re-member they should be attainable but not too easy, so that you really have to push yourself to achieve them, and feel rewarded when you do. Writing down your goals and breaking down each huge, long-term goal into smaller more practical ones can help make it feel more real, and writing out a plan for achieving it can give you a roadmap to success. Interpersonal skills At college, you will interact with fellow students, professors, librarians, and many others. Strong interpersonal skills will help you build relationships during this time, and get more out of them. If you feel that your interpersonal skills need some work, practice asking thoughtful questions and listening closely, develop your understanding by putting yourself in someone else’s shoes, and enhance your self-confidence. Studying With fewer in-class hours and more on-your-own learning, you’re required to really digest learning material rather than simply memorize facts. To be successful in college you’ll need to learn how to integrate large amounts of information obtained through reading, do research, and write papers. Organization is the key, so if you are not someone who is naturally organized, set up your study schedule. Budgeting Managing money is a critical life skill, and for many, it is at college that they develop it for the first time. Start by estimating your financial balance. Then give high priority to the expenses on basic needs and determine how much money to set aside every month to cover those costs. Don’t forget about savings…and the fun stuff(movies, dinners out), too. 5．Who is this passage most probably written for? A．College teachers. B．University graduates. C．High school teachers. D．Would-be college students. 6．What is the author’s suggestion for reaching a huge goal? A．Divide it into smaller, more achievable ones. B．Reward oneself for each goal one has set. C．Purchase a clear, updated roadmap. D．Push oneself to an upper level. 7．One of the suggested ways to enhance your interpersonal skills is to ________. A．prepare complicated questions B．try on someone else’s shoes C．listen to others carefully D．take advantage of others 8．What is the key to successful college study according to the author? A．Being well-organized. B．Being well-informed. C．Effective reading skills. D．Reliable research methods. 9．To learn how to manage money, the first thing to do is________. A．save money for financial investment B．estimate one’s income and expenses C．set aside money for fun activities D．open a personal bank account 【答案】5．D 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了高中毕业生如何为大学生活做更好准备的四个技巧。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段中的首句“Getting into college is a big step for high school graduates, and it comes with a lot of changes.(对于高中毕业生来说，进入大学是一大步，它带来了很多变化。 )”和最后一句“The following four tips will make high school graduates better prepared for college life.(以下四个技巧将使高中毕业生为大学生活做好更好的准备。)”可知，该文主要针对于高中毕业生的。故选D项。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Writing down your goals and breaking down each huge, long-term goal into smaller more practical ones can help make it feel more real, and writing out a plan for achieving it can give you a roadmap to success.(写下你的目标，把每个巨大的长期目标分解成更小、更实际的目标，可以帮助它感觉更真实，写出一个实现它的计划可以给你一个成功的路线图。)”可知，作者建议学生要将宏大的计划拆分成一个个细小的可实现的计划。故选A项。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If you feel that your interpersonal skills need some work, practice asking thoughtful questions and listening closely, develop your understanding by putting yourself in someone else’s shoes, and enhance your self-confidence.(如果你觉得你的人际交往能力需要一些工作，练习提出深思熟虑的问题并仔细倾听，通过设身处地为别人着想来发展你的理解，增强你的自信心。)”可知，新生在人际交往时学会倾听。故选C项。 8．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Organization is the key，so if you are not someone who is naturally organized，set up your study schedule.(组织是关键，所以如果你不是一个自然有条理的人，那就制定你的学习时间表。)”可知，在大学成功学习的关键是要学会成为一个有条理性的人，并科学安排自己的时间。故选A项。 9．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Managing money is a critical life skill, and for many, it is at college that they develop it for the first time. Start by estimating your financial balance.(理财是一项至关重要的生活技能，对许多人来说，正是在大学里，他们第一次发展了这项技能。从估计你的财务平衡开始。)”可知大学生要学会自主管理金钱，首先要让收支相抵。故选B项。 Passage 3 （2025·天津·高考真题）I first encountered tai chi in Ottawa’s Chinatown. Men and women gathered in loose formation. Their actions combined to achieve a meditative (冥想的) dance. I was amazed by its beauty and grace. It was like watching a water lily opening. Yet I couldn’t see the point. I could achieve my fitness goals from exercise classes, swimming and cycling — and moving so slowly didn’t seem to build muscle, my objective for all activities. I chose only to admire this martial art (武术) but kept my distance. Years later, a recommendation from my doctor brought me to a training group for tai chi beginners led by a caring instructor. I had thought that my goal would be to master the 108 moves. Technically right, but wrong on so many counts. The class was full of lovely people who glided effortlessly, seemingly never confused about where to move next. They assured me that they had been beginners once too, and that I would be able to remember all the moves within three or four years. Three to four years! Graduate degrees took less time. But I could see they were right. Commit and improve: That was the only path. Another realization came to me when I attended an advanced class. We began with foundation exercises, and almost immediately, the instructor singled me out for instruction. To be singled out was an honour, but I was mortified. All the others in the class stopped and turned to watch me while the instructor corrected my positioning. “Don’t bend, “he said, and I repeated the movement. “Straighten your back, “he urged, and on it went — probably for only a few minutes, but it seemed like hours. I couldn’t say, “Yeah, I get it.” I had to show that I did. I concentrated as I had never done before, listening to what the instructor was saying, watching his movement and then willing my body to move in imitation. I was unlearning and learning, overcoming awkwardness to focus. I realized that I was learning a new way of being in the world—truly listening and open to correction. I don’t know that I will ever master the 108 moves. What I do know is that I have found an activity in my life where change and growth are not just possible but expected, even when my stubborn (固执的) personality tendencies re-emerge at every turn. 10．What was the author’s first impression of tai chi? A．Pleasant to the eye but not of much use. B．Too slow to be regarded as a martial art. C．Helpful in accomplishing fitness goals. D．Mysterious and difficult to master. 11．In the beginners’ class, the author realized that mastering tai chi required_________. A．discipline B．leadership C．persistence D．teamwork 12．What does the underlined word “mortified” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Angered B．Confused C．Disappointed D．Embarrassed 13．How did the author respond to the instructions in the advanced class? A．She denied her weaknesses and carried on. B．She stayed focused and followed attentively. C．She worked hard and displayed her talent. D．She opened up her mind and sought advice. 14．Which of the following can be concluded from the author’s experience? A．Tai chi empowers people to improve. B．Tai chi keeps the balance of the body. C．Tai chi fires people’s passion for sports. D．Tai chi facilitates healthy relationships. 【答案】10．A 11．C 12．D 13．B 14．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者从最初对太极“好看却无用”的印象，到在练习中领悟其真谛，实现自我成长与改变的经历。 10．细节理解题。根据第一段“I was amazed by its beauty and grace. It was like watching a water lily opening.(我被它的美丽与优雅所震撼，就像观赏睡莲绽放)”以及第二段中的“Yet I couldn’t see the point. I could achieve my fitness goals from exercise classes, swimming and cycling—and moving so slowly didn’t seem to build muscle, my objective for all activities. (但我实在看不出太极的意义所在。我通过健身课、游泳和骑行就能实现健身目标 —— 而且动作这么慢，似乎根本练不了肌肉，而练肌肉是我所有运动的核心目的)”可知，作者最初觉得太极赏心悦目，但没什么实际用处。故选A项。 11．推理判断题。根据第四段“They assured me that they had been beginners once too, and that I would be able to remember all the moves within three or four years. Three to four years! Graduate degrees took less time. But I could see they were right. Commit and improve: That was the only path.(他们向我保证，自己曾经也都是初学者，还说我大概三四年内就能记住所有招式。三到四年啊！就算是读个研究生学位也用不了这么久。但我知道他们说得对——坚持下去，不断精进，这是唯一的路。）可知，作者意识到掌握太极需要长期的坚持。故选C项。 12．词句猜测题。根据第五段“All the others in the class stopped and turned to watch me while the instructor corrected my positioning.(全班其他人都停下来看着我，教练在一旁纠正我的姿势)”可知，被单独点名指导且被众人注视，这种场景会让人感到尴尬，因此“mortified”意为“尴尬的”，与“Embarrassed”同义。故选D项。 13．细节理解题。根据第六段“I concentrated as I had never done before, listening to what the instructor was saying, watching his movement and then willing my body to move in imitation. (我从未如此专注过，认真听教练的指导，观察他的动作，然后努力让自己的身体模仿着动起来)”可知，在高级班中，作者专注倾听并认真遵循教练的指导。故选B项。 14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“What I do know is that I have found an activity in my life where change and growth are not just possible but expected(但我知道，我找到了一项能让自己发生改变、实现成长的活动，这种改变和成长不仅可能，更是必然的)”可知，太极赋予了人们自我提升的力量。故选A项。 Passage 4 （2023·天津·高考真题）I looked through the window of the charming little violin shop, and my heart began to race. I'd been out to dinner that evening. Since it wasn't dark yet after the meal, I decided to walk home from the restaurant. I had traveled that way before, yet I had never noticed that old little shop. But that night I felt drawn to the violin shop the moment I came across it. I wiped the dirt from the window to get a better look inside. Several violins hung from the dark walls, quietly waiting to be chosen. As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past. My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. She was like, “Join the swim team, Tara. Your sister is a good swimmer;surely you will be, too. ”What she refused to acknowledge, however, was that I was visibly afraid of water. Every Saturday I begged Mom not to make me go to the swim meet, but had little chance of success. That said, with a bang of the starting gun, I would dive into the cold water with all my strength and swim to the other side of the pool as fast as I could, only to find that the other swimmers slid past me. I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts. Then came a turning point in my life the day our school orchestra( 管弦乐队)visited my class, and gave a demonstration. The drums annoyed me. The flutes(笛子)bored me. But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy. Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mom was thrilled to see me finally excited about something, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip. I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability. Before long I had won the first seat in the community orchestra … 15．What did the sight of the violins in that little shop bring to Tara's mind? A．Her miserable past. B．An unforgettable sport event. C．The stories behind the violins. D．Her childhood memory. 16．What Dad did for Tara during the swimming competition implies that he is ________. A．mindless and bad-tempered B．caring and supportive C．strict and demanding D．tolerant and sympathetic 17．What fascinated Tara during her school orchestra's demonstration? A．The tune of the flutes. B．The beat of the drums. C．The sound of the violin. D．The manner of the musicians. 18．What enabled Tara to win the first seat in the community orchestra? A．The steady improvement in her taste. B．Her strong desire for success. C．Her natural gift for music. D．The rapid progress in her ability. 19．What message does Tara's story convey? A．It's never too young to learn. B．A passionate interest works wonders. C．Hard work will pay off in the long run. D．Like mother, like daughter. 【答案】15．D 16．B 17．C 18．D 19．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者路过橱窗时，看到一把迷人的小提琴深受吸引。在游泳比赛屡次落后的情形下，我观看了学校管弦乐队举办的演奏会。在得到父母的许可下，我充满激情地练习小提琴最终成为了社区管弦乐团的首席。 15．细节理解题。由文章第三段最后一行“As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past. ”(当我的目光停留在他们身上时，我觉得自己好像在透过窗户回顾自己的过去。)和第四段第一行“My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. ”(我的童年都是我尝试追求过的爱好，其中大部分都是妈妈选择的。)可知，透过商店的小提琴作者回想起了童年。故选D项。 16．推理判断题。由文章第五段最后两句“I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts.”(如果我没有听到父亲鼓励我加油的呼喊声，我早就放弃了。当我的手终于抓住泳池边时，他总是拿着一条温暖、干燥的毛巾在那里，告诉我他为我拼命的努力感到多么自豪。)由此可以推断爸爸是关心和支持作者的。故选B项。 17．细节理解题。由文章第六段最后两句“But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy. ”( 但是小提琴…啊，小提琴。它发出了我听过的最甜美的声音！我的心随着它流动的曲调翩翩起舞。我有生以来第一次欣喜若狂。)可知是小提琴的声音令作者痴迷。故选C项。 18．细节理解题。由文章第八段第一句“I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability.”(我怀着极大的热情开始练习小提琴，并且能力迅速提升。 )可知，作者进步飞速，所以才成为首席。故选D项。 19．主旨大意题。根据文章，作者非常拼命地游泳但是依然落后于其他人。他非常热爱小提琴，进步飞速，很快成为了管弦乐团的首席，可知兴趣爱好是最好的老师，能创造奇迹。故选B项。 Passage 5 （2025·天津·高考真题）All animals take in oxygen from the air they breathe in, and release CO₂ from their blood when breathing out. Most mammals (哺乳动物) can’t directly detect oxygen levels in the blood supplied to their tissues. Instead, they rely on the rising level of CO₂ in their blood to signal that they might need to take a breath. But a recent study published in Science suggests seals (海豹) can sense the amount of oxygen in the blood, and change their diving behavior in response. To find out if oxygen levels affected seal behavior, Professor McKnight at the University of St. Andrews and his colleagues created a special section in a pool where young seals were held. In one corner, there was a breathing chamber (呼吸室), where they were sheltered from the rain and the wind. The breathing chamber was surrounded by panels that prevented surface swimming, yet swimming below the surface for about 200 feet would give the seals access to a feeder where they could eat as much fish as they liked. Once the seals got familiar with the setup, the researchers started to gradually change the composition of the air in the breathing chamber, increasing or reducing the levels of oxygen and CO₂ to see an effect on their behavior. Sure enough: the higher the level of oxygen, the longer the seals stayed at the feeder. The finding suggests that seals don’t just physically respond to oxygen levels by changing their heart rate or breathing, but that they are sufficiently aware of them to change their behavior. This ability would put seals in a class beyond any land mammals that have been tested. Since oxygen levels on land remain stable, humans don’t seem to have evolved (演化) to notice low blood oxygen levels, sometimes not even when they’re about to pass out in free-diving. Therefore, in free-diving without oxygen tanks, accidents are quite common. Our reliance on sensing CO₂ levels in our blood instead of oxygen may be to blame. Actually, this is a perfectly reasonable strategy on land, where growing CO₂ tends to signal breathing issues. But when holding our breath during diving, relying on CO₂ levels is risky, especially on repeated dives. Because every time we surface and breathe in, our sensitivity to CO₂ is decreased, even if its levels are already high, and this increases the chance that a person will, without awareness, pass out before they get to the surface. 20．What do most mammals rely on to determine when to take a breath? A．The growing amount of CO₂ in their blood. B．The rising level of oxygen in their lungs. C．The intensity of their physical activity. D．The blood supply to body tissues. 21．When would the seals stay at the feeder for a longer period of time? A．When they needed to take in more food at the feeder. B．When the oxygen level in the chamber grew higher. C．When they familiarized themselves with the setup. D．When the CO₂ level in the chamber was raised. 22．What results in humans’ inability to notice low oxygen levels in their blood? A．The unstable CO₂ levels in the air. B．Their lack of attention to breathing. C．The constant oxygen levels on land. D．Their functionally changeable heart rate. 23．Why do accidents often occur when divers go free-diving? A．Their breath cannot be held long enough. B．They cannot adjust the consumption of oxygen. C．They may fail to notice rising CO₂ levels soon enough. D．Their breathing organs stop working properly underwater. 24．Which statement is probably supported by McKnight’s seal research? A．Seals have evolved to survive in low oxygen environments. B．Seals are quick to sense oxygen levels and act accordingly. C．Seals can maintain their heart rate even with low blood oxygen levels. D．Seals are more sensitive to changes in the environment than other mammals. 【答案】20．A 21．B 22．C 23．C 24．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了海豹能感知血液中氧气量并据此改变潜水行为，人类则因陆地氧气稳定未演化出此能力。 20．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Most mammals (哺乳动物) can’t directly detect oxygen levels in the blood supplied to their tissues. Instead, they rely on the rising level of CO₂ in their blood to signal that they might need to take a breath.(大多数哺乳动物不能直接检测供应给组织的血液中的氧气水平。相反，它们依靠血液中二氧化碳水平的上升来发出可能需要呼吸的信号)”可知，大多数哺乳动物依靠血液中二氧化碳含量的上升来判断何时呼吸。故选A。 21．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Once the seals got familiar with the setup, the researchers started to gradually change the composition of the air in the breathing chamber, increasing or reducing the levels of oxygen and CO₂ to see an effect on their behavior. Sure enough: the higher the level of oxygen, the longer the seals stayed at the feeder.(一旦海豹熟悉了这种设置，研究人员开始逐渐改变呼吸室中空气的成分，增加或减少氧气和二氧化碳的水平，以观察对其行为的影响。果然如此：氧气水平越高，海豹在喂食器停留的时间就越长)”可知，当呼吸室中的氧气水平升高时，海豹会在喂食器停留更长时间。故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Since oxygen levels on land remain stable, humans don’t seem to have evolved (演化) to notice low blood oxygen levels, sometimes not even when they’ re about to pass out in free-diving.(由于陆地上的氧气水平保持稳定，人类似乎没有进化出注意到血液中低氧水平的能力，有时甚至在自由潜水即将昏倒时也没有)”可知，人类无法察觉血液中低氧水平是因为陆地上氧气水平稳定。故选C。 23．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Because every time we surface and breathe in, our sensitivity to CO₂ is decreased, even if its levels are already high, and this increases the chance that a person will, without awareness, pass out before they get to the surface.(因为每次我们浮出水面吸气时，我们对二氧化碳的敏感性都会降低，即使其水平已经很高，这也会增加一个人在浮出水面之前无意识地昏倒的可能性)”可知，潜水员在自由潜水时经常发生事故是因为他们可能没有及时注意到二氧化碳水平的上升。故选C。 24．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But a recent study published in Science suggests seals (海豹) can sense the amount of oxygen in the blood,and change their diving behavior in response.(但最近发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究表明，海豹可以感知血液中的氧气量，并相应地改变它们的潜水行为)”和第四段中“The finding suggests that seals don’t just physically respond to oxygen levels by changing their heart rate or breathing, but that they are sufficiently aware of them to change their behavior.(这一发现表明，海豹不仅仅是通过改变心率或呼吸来对氧气水平做出身体反应，而是它们对氧气水平有足够的意识来改变它们的行为)”可知，McKnight的海豹研究表明，海豹能迅速感知氧气水平并据此采取行动。故选B。 Passage 6 （2020·天津·高考真题）After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together. Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?” Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them. “The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied. Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake. How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement. One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts ofUncle Tom’s Cabinwhile cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78. However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment. 25．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________. A．propose a definition B．make a comparison C．reach a conclusion D．present an argument 26．What does the example of Galileo tell us? A．Trial and error leads to the finding of truth. B．Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious. C．Creativity results from challenging authority. D．Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore. 27．What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent? A．Observe the unknown around you. B．Develop a questioning mind. C．Lead a life of adventure. D．Follow the fashion. 28．What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7? A．Gaining success helps you become an expert. B．The genius tends to get things done creatively. C．Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action. D．You should remain modest when approaching perfection. 29．What could be the best title or the passage? A．Curious Minds Never Feel Contented B．Reflections on Human Nature C．The Keys to Achievement D．Never Too Late to Learn 【答案】25．D 26．D 27．B 28．C 29．C 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。 25．推理判断题。根据第一段内容After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。 26．推理判断题。根据第二段中的Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”可知，像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选D。 27．细节理解题。根据第二段中的Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”及第四段中的“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd.可知，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”孟子认为“不失去孩子的心，就是伟大的人。”然而，我们大多数人确实失去了它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我们只是随大流。由此可知，你可以通过培养了一个善于提问的头脑，来重新获得好奇心和不满。故选B。 28．推理判断题。根据第六段中的How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.及第七段中的You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done.以及列举了Thomas Costain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，Grandma Moses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，这两段想告诉我们“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”。故选C。 29．主旨大意题。根据第一段内容After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。由此可知，C项The Keys to Achievement(成就的关键)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。 1 / 25 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 05 阅读理解体裁(应用文、说明文、记叙文、议论文)专题 目录 第一部分 风向速递 洞察考向，感知前沿 第二部分 分层突破 固本培优，精准提分 A组·保分基础练 题型01应用文阅读理解（原创&最新模拟） 题型02说明文阅读理解（单项选择·真题模拟）（最新模拟&原创） B组·抢分能力练 题型03记叙文阅读理解（单项选择·真题模拟）（最新模拟&原创） 题型04议论文阅读理解（单项选择·真题模拟）（最新模拟&原创） 第三部分 真题验证 对标高考，感悟考法 高考英语阅读理解的选材广泛，体裁多样，主要包括应用文、说明文、记叙文和议论文四大类。掌握不同体裁的特点和阅读策略，是提高阅读理解得分的关键。1. 应用文：包括广告、通知、指南、书信等，目的性强，信息明确。阅读时需快速定位关键信息，如时间、地点、价格、联系方式等。 2. 说明文：解释事物、现象或原理，结构清晰，常使用定义、举例、比较等方法。阅读时要抓住说明对象和主要特征，理清逻辑关系。 3. 记叙文：讲述故事或经历，包括人物、时间、地点、事件等要素。阅读时要关注情节发展、人物情感和文章寓意。 4. 议论文：提出观点并进行论证，包括论点、论据和论证过程。阅读时要把握作者观点和论证逻辑，区分事实和观点。天津卷的阅读理解题在体裁分布上较为均衡，每种体裁都会涉及，且常与完形填空相结合，考查学生的综合语篇理解能力。 01应用文阅读理解（原创&最新模拟） Passage 1 (2025·天津市宝坻区九校) Earthquake Safety Guide for Students Earthquakes can strike without warning, making preparation crucial. As students, understanding proper safety measures can protect lives during such emergencies. Here’s a step-by-step guide to staying safe before, during, and after an earthquake. Before an Earthquake Build an Emergency Kit: Include a flashlight, bottled water, non-perishable food, a first-aid kit, a whistle, and spare batteries. Store it in an accessible location. Learn Safe Zones: Identify sturdy furniture (e. g., desks. or structural supports (e. g., load-bearing walls. in classrooms. Avoid windows or heavy objects that may fall. Practice Drills: Participate in school earthquake drills to react quickly. Familiarize yourself with evacuation routes and assembly points. During an Earthquake ## Drop, Cover, and Hold On: ## Drop to your hands and knees to avoid being knocked over. ## Cover your head and neck under a desk or table. If no shelter is nearby, crouch near an interior wall. ## Hold On to your shelter until shaking stops. ## Stay Indoors: Do not run outside during shaking. Falling debris poses a major risk. ## Avoid Hazards: Stay away from shelves, glass, or hanging objects. After an Earthquake Evacuate Safely: Exit the building calmly once shaking stops. Use stairs, not elevators, in case of off power. Check for Injuries: Assist others if safe to do so. Report serious injuries to teachers or emergency responders. Avoid Damaged Areas: Do not re-enter buildings until authorities declare them safe. Stay Informed: Listen to a battery-powered radio for updates from official sources. Remember: Panic worsens emergencies. Staying calm and following protocols greatly improves survival chances. Share this knowledge with peers to build a safer community. Reading Comprehension Questions 1．What items are recommended in an emergency kit? A．A map, snacks, and a camera. B．A flashlight, water, and a first-aid kit. C．A textbook, umbrella, and phone charger. D．A blanket, keys, and a notebook. 2．What should students do FIRST when an earthquake starts? A．Run to the nearest exit. B．Call their parents. C．Drop, cover, and hold on. D．Hide under a tree. 3．Why should students avoid elevators after an earthquake? A．Power outages may trap people. B．Elevators are too slow. C．Elevators are for teachers only. D．Stairs are more comfortable. 4．What should students do if they cannot find shelter during shaking? A．Stand near a window. B．Hold onto a bookshelf. C．Lie flat on the floor. D．Crouch near an interior wall. 5．What is the main purpose of practicing earthquake drills? A．To improve fitness. B．To test teachers’ patience. C．To decorate classrooms. D．To react quickly in real emergencies. Passage 2 (2025·天津市宝坻区九校) AI in Agriculture Artificial Intelligence Revolutionizing Farming The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into agriculture is transforming traditional farming practices, offering innovative solutions to challenges like climate change, labor shortages, and food security. Here are key applications of AI in modern agriculture: Precision Farming AI-powered sensors and drones collect real-time data on soil moisture, nutrient levels, and crop health. Machine learning algorithms analyze this data to optimize irrigation, fertilizer use, and pest control. For example, a farmer in California reduced water usage by 30% using AI-guided irrigation systems. Crop Disease Detection AI image recognition tools can identify plant diseases early by analyzing photos of leaves or fruits. A study by the University of Tokyo showed that AI systems achieved 98% accuracy in detecting tomato blight, far surpassing human capabilities. Autonomous Farming Equipment Self-driving tractors and harvesters equipped with AI navigate fields, plant seeds, and harvest crops with minimal human intervention. These machines use GPS and computer vision to avoid obstacles and ensure precise operations. Yield Prediction By processing historical data, weather patterns, and satellite imagery, AI models predict crop yields months in advance. This helps governments and organizations plan food distribution and prevent shortages. In India, AI-based predictions helped farmers increase wheat production by 15% in 2024. Livestock Monitoring Wearable AI devices track animal health, detecting illnesses or stress through changes in movement, temperature, or vocalizations. Dairy farms in the Netherlands reported a 20% drop in cattle mortality after adopting AI monitoring systems: Despite its benefits, we must be vigilant of challenges AI adoption faces, such as high initial costs and the need for digital infrastructure in rural areas. However, as technology becomes more accessible, AI is poised (保持) to play a vital role in sustainable agriculture. 1．What is the main purpose of AI in precision farming? A．To replace human farmers entirely B．To increase the price of agricultural products C．To reduce water and fertilizer usage through data analysis D．To eliminate the need for sunlight 2．How do AI tools help in crop disease detection? A．By planting disease-resistant seeds automatically B．By predicting future weather patterns C．By creating new chemical pesticides D．By analyzing images of plants to identify issues 3．The word “vigilant” in last Paragraph most likely means, ________. A．Careless B．outdated C．watchful D．expensive 4．What can be inferred about AI’s future in agriculture? A．It will only benefit large-scale farms. B．Its widespread use depends on addressing cost and infrastructure issues. C．It will make traditional farming methods obsolete within a year. D．It has no significant impact on food security. 5．Which title best summarizes the passage? A．“The History of Traditional Farming” B．“Animal Health in the Digital Age” C．“Problems with Modern Technology” D．“How AI Is Shaping the Future of Agriculture” 02记叙文阅读理解（原创&最新模拟） Passage 1 (2025·天津市河东区二模) Michael and his wife, new residents in a San Francisco apartment, learned about their neighbor Jeff Dunan’s volunteer work for Bangladesh Relief, an organization that provides food, clothing and essential supplies for disadvantaged people in northern Bangladesh. Inspired, Michael donated $150 to Dunan’s GoFundMe campaign. However, a credit card notification alerted him to an unintended$15, 041 charge. When he saw the five-figure number, he was confused. Soon, it all made sense. Michael’s credit card number started with four and one. Clearly, he accidentally began typing his credit card information while his cursor (光标) was still in the donation box. Michael planned to call Dunan to explain, but before he had the chance to do that, he started receiving Facebook messages from Shohag Chandra, the charity’s Bangladesh-based program manager, thanking him for his generous donation. After he looked through the photos of people holding thank-you signs that read his name, Michael’s heart sank. He felt terrible that he had to withdraw his handsome donation. Once his original contribution was refunded, he decided to donate $1, 500. Although Michael had told his family and friends about the tale, he decided to share it publicly on social media, after Dunan told him the organization was desperately in need of funds. “The least I could do was take the time to post this story online and see if I could inspire other people to donate to the cause,” Michael said. Little did he know, though, that the story would be seen far and wide, ending up raising more than $120, 000 for Bangladesh Relief in the span of only a few weeks — about eight times Michael’s mistaken donation. According to Dunan, more than 3, 700 people have contributed because of Michael’s post. Michael has been stunned (震惊) by the ongoing outpouring of support. “Never in my wildest dreams did I imagine this reaction,” he said. “People can be amazing when they come together for something like this.” 1．How did Michael make the large donation? A．He input an incorrect amount. B．He encountered a system error. C．He was greatly inspired by Dunan. D．He entered wrong credit card details. 2．Why did Michael’s heart sink according to Paragraph 3? A．He saw people in despair. B．He failed to offer enough money. C．He didn’t receive the full refund. D．He realized the scale of his mistake. 3．What motivated Michael to share the story on social media? A．Dunan’s request for publicity. B．A desire for personal recognition. C．The organization’s urgent need for funds. D．Pressure from his family and friends. 4．What message does the story convey? A．Actions speak louder than words. B．Many hands make light work. C．Always prepare for a rainy day. D．A good beginning is half of victory. 5．What can be inferred about Michael’s decision to donate $1, 500 after receiving a refund? A．He wanted to avoid public embarrassment. B．He was inspired by the charity’s gratitude. C．He intended to correct his initial mistake. D．He faced pressure from family and friends. Passage 2 (2025·天津市河西区) Suzanne Heywood was just seven years old when her parents told her she, along with her younger brother Jonathan, would be pulled out of school to go on a three-year voyage around the world. The family of four from the UK set out on their exploration to recreate Captain Cook’s voyage around the globe, which ended up taking a decade instead of the promised three years. Now 55 years old, Suzanne has shared her tale of survival on TikTok, and recalled her 10 years at sea in her tell-all memoir Wave Walker. “I spent that time trapped on a boat, unable to go to school or have normal friendships.” Despite her father assuring her the trip would be safe, Suzanne claimed it was “incredibly dangerous but great as well”, sharing details of a risky journey from South Africa to Australia where the boat hit an enormous storm. In order to get through her very strange childhood, Suzanne recalled how she was determined to get an education to live a normal life. “As it became clear my parents had no intention of going back, I decided I had to educate myself as it was the only lifeline that I had,” she told the hosts of The Morning Show. She began studying in the small cabin of the boat, which she found challenging both practically and academically, as she “had missed a lot of education”. Then, when she was 16, and her brother 15, her parents enrolled the two teenagers into a school in New Zealand while they continued sailing. Despite the gaps in her education, Suzanne landed a spot at Oxford University, and after saving up money she had earned working on a farm, Suzanne bought a one-way plane ticket back to the UK Since going public with her story, Suzanne’s book instantly became a bestseller, and she continues to work through the trauma (创伤) caused by her “unstable” childhood. Suzanne’s extraordinary tale has captured the hearts of millions, with thousands of online fans applauding her for her bravery. 1．Why did Suzanne’s family set out their voyage? A．To meet the challenges of their life. B．To realize the dream of family traveling. C．To admire the beauty of great oceans. D．To follow in the footsteps of a great explorer. 2．What does the underlined word “memoir” mean in English? A．Personal experiences. B．Scientific research. C．Extraordinary tales. D．Offshore exploration. 3．What did education mean to Suzanne during the voyage? A．An approach to pleasing her parents. B．A tool for killing time on the vast sea. C．A means of struggling for a better future. D．A support of her admission into Oxford University. 4．What message does Suzanne’s experience convey? A．A strong will can free a person from family support. B．A lack of education can affect a person’s intelligence. C．A unique life can equip a person with special qualities. D．A crazy upbringing always leads to greater achievements. 5．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To analyze the impact of family decisions and give warnings. B．To record Suzanne’s remarkable life journey and inspire others. C．To evaluate Suzanne’s educational achievements and praise her. D．To promote Suzanne’s memoir Wave Walker and excite readers. 03说明文阅读理解（原创&最新模拟） Passage 1 (2025·天津市十二区重点学校) In a groundbreaking new study, researchers have discovered bottled water sold in stores can contain 10 to 100 times more bits of plastic than previously estimated — nanoplastics (纳米塑料) are so tiny that they cannot be seen under a microscope. At 1,000th the average width of a human hair, nanoplastics are so tiny they can migrate through the tissues of the digestive tract (消化道) or lungs into the bloodstream, distributing potentially harmful artificial chemicals throughout the body and into cells, experts say. One liter of water — equal to two standard-size bottled waters — contained an average of 240,000 plastic particles (粒子) from seven types of plastics, of which 90% were identified as nanoplastics and the rest were microplastics, according to the new study. Microplastics are polymer fragments that can range from less than 0.2 inch (5millimeters) down to l/25,000th of an inch (1 micrometer). Anything smaller is a nanoplastic that must be measured in billionths of a meter. In the new study, published Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers from Columbia University presented a new technology that can see, count and analyze the chemical structure of nanoparticles in bottled water. Instead of 300 per liter, the team behind the latest study found the actual number of plastic bits in three popular brands of water sold in the United States to be in between 110,000 and 370,000, if not higher. “The innovative new techniques presented in the study open the door for further research to better understand the potential risks to human health.” said Jane Houlihan, research director for Healthy Babies, Bright Futures — nonprofits committed to reducing babies’ exposures to neurotoxic (毒害神经的) chemicals, who was not involved in the study. “Infants and young children may face the greatest risks, as their developing brains and bodies are often more vulnerable to impacts from toxic exposures.” said Houlihan in an email. Nanoplastics are the most worrisome type of plastic pollution for human health, experts say. That’s because the particles can invade individual cells and tissues in major organs, potentially interrupting cellular processes and depositing harmful chemicals such as bisphenols, phthalates, PFAS, and heavy metals. There are things people can do to reduce their exposure to plastics, said Houlihan. “We can avoid consuming foods and drinks in plastic containers. We can wear clothing made from natural fabrics and buy consumer products made from natural materials,” Houlihan said. “We can simply assess the plastic in our daily lives and find alternatives whenever possible.” 1．Where can nanoplastics be found in our body? A．The blood. B．The lung. C．The stomach. D．Almost everywhere. 2．What are the differences between nanoplastics and microplastics? A．Nanoplastics are harmful, while microplastics aren’t. B．Nanoplastics exist in bottled waters, while microplastics don’t. C．Nanoplastics can migrate through certain tissues, while microplastics can’t. D．Nanoplastics are relatively smaller, while microplastics are much bigger. 3．Why is Jane Houlihan’s statement mentioned in paragraph 7? A．To add more background information for the new study. B．To make preparations for the following contents. C．To provide an objective evaluation of the new study. D．To encourage readers to focus on the new study. 4．What is the meaning of the underlined word “vulnerable” the passage? A．Fragile. B．Optimistic. C．Emotional. D．Ignorant. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The discovery of nanoplastics in bottled water. B．The health risks of nanoplastics in bottled water. C．The impact of nanoplastics on human health. D．The importance of reducing plastic use. Passage 1 (2025·天津市十二区重点学校) People’s first memories are all autobiographical (自传式的), or memories of significant experiences in their lives, and these events typically didn’t happen before the age of 2 or 3. In fact, most people can’t remember things from the first few years of their lives — a phenomenon researchers have called infantile amnesia. However, research suggests that infants can form other kinds of memories. Within the first few days of life, infants (婴儿) can recall their own mother’s face and distinguish it from the face of a stranger. A few months later, infants can demonstrate that they remember lots of familiar faces by smiling most at the ones they see most often. But if so, why do people experience infantile amnesia (健忘症)? Though it still isn’t clear whether it’s because we can’t form autobiographical memories, or whether we just have no way to get them back, scientists have a few guesses. One is that autobiographical memories require you to have some sense of self. Researchers have tested this ability using a mirror recognition task called the rouge test. It involves marking a baby’s nose with a red spot. Researchers then place the infant in front of a mirror. Infants younger than 18 months just smile at the baby in the reflection, not showing any evidence of recognizing themselves or the red mark on their face. Between 18 and 24 months, infants touch their own nose, even looking embarrassed, suggesting that they connect the red dot in the mirror with their own face — they start to form some sense of self. Another possible explanation is that because infants don’t have language until later in the second year of life, they can’t form account about their own lives that they can later recall. Finally, the hippocampus, which is the region of the brain that’s largely responsible for memory, isn’t fully developed in the infancy period. Scientists will continue to investigate how these factors might contribute to infantile amnesia. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To give an example. B．To bring up the topic. C．To provide the background. D．To show the author’s attitude. 2．What can infants do in their first few months? A．Distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar faces. B．Memorize the majority of their family members. C．Remember a string of events from the recent past. D．Identify their own reflections in the mirror. 3．Through the rouge test, scientists discovers that babies between 18 to 24 months can ______. A．enjoy playing with their reflections B．ignore the marks on their faces C．see their reflections as themselves D．show a strong interest in the mirror 4．What could be a cause of infantile amnesia, according to the text? A．Infants’ inability to recall memories. B．Infants’ immature hippocampus. C．Infants’ undeveloped communication skills. D．Infants’ unsteady autobiographical memories. 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．When do babies start remembering things? B．Why is it hard to retrieve lost memories? C．How do kids form their first memories? D．Why can’t we remember being a baby? 04议论文阅读理解（原创&最新模拟） Passage 1 (2025·天津市和平区高三二模) Sorry, I’m just now seeing your email! (You sent it 15 minutes ago.) Sorry that you completely misinterpreted that thing I said Sorry you just rammed (冲撞) into me with your grocery-store cart. Apology is everywhere in conversations and communications. We drop it indiscriminately crying “my fault” for all manner of things we really should’t be sorry for-and diluting (稀释) the apologies that truly matter. Is it time to stop? Could we even cut back if we wanted to? “Sorry” has lost its meaning, she realized, no longer a heartfelt declaration of remorse (燠悔) but a knee-jerk (下意识的) response. Now, faced with the blinking cursor (光标) of a blank email, Ms. Julig asks herself, did I miss something, or mess someone else up? If the answer is no, she’s not sorry. “Don’t give away your power,” suggests Jeffrey Pfeffer, a professor of organizational behavior at Stanford Graduate School of Business and author of a book about commanding authority at work. Apologizing in business, especially when you’ve actually done something wrong, is just asking for trouble, he says. People are never satisfied with an apology, he adds. Groveling (卑躬屈膝) and exhibiting vulnerability (脆弱) only make you look weak and sink team morale (士气). “Always feeling like you need to say ‘sorry’ makes you kind of feel like crap,” says Jen Fisher, the chief well-being officer for Deloitte. Last year, she logged her own apologies, flagging the ones that felt unnecessary and replacing them with expressions of gratitude. Have to move a meeting? Try, “I appreciate your flexibility,” or “I’m grateful for your understanding,” she says. Remember that it’s not your responsibility to apologize for things out of your control, such as the weather or a client moving a deadline. Putting “sorry” on loop (循环,环状) waters down the moments when you really do need to show remorse, she adds. And of course, people often employ “sorry” to mean exactly the opposite, more a passive-aggressive insult (冒犯) than real regret. Be aware of how others respond when you use words of contrition (忏悔), Dr. Tannen cautions. If colleagues call out your apologizing, you might explain that you were just saying you were sorry a thing happened, and not sorry sorry. Kingston Vickers tried. After moving to Texas years ago, the native Canadian resolved to remove the “ehs” and “sorrys” from his vocabulary. Doing so consumed so much mental effort that he grew nervous when talking and wasn’t as effective at his sales job. Now he embraces his tendency, and says his work has benefited. 1．Which of the following is not a disadvantage of always wanting to apologize? A．It may weaken the power of true apologies. B．The people you apologize to may ask for more. C．It makes it easy for people to look down on you. D．It can do harm to the people you work with in business. 2．What suggestion does Jen Fisher give about making apologies? A．Try putting sorry on loops. B．Avoid apologies as many as possible. C．Express more appreciation than apologies. D．Only apologize for things out of your control. 3．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．Making apologies too much can be harmful to us mentally and physically. B．Sometimes when people say they are sorry they do not genuinely mean that. C．We should avoid making apologies in business world to avoid being exploited. D．Sorry has lost its meaning so we should choose other words to express our regret. 4．What can we infer from the example of Kingston Vickers? A．Natural communication style can enhance job performance. B．Apologizing is an important part of Canadian culture. C．Adapting to a new communication style is always beneficial for work. D．Trying to stop apologizing is a waste of time and energy. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．We should stop using the word “sorry” in our daily conversations. B．The overuse and misuse of the word “sorry” in conversations and communications. C．People from different cultures have different attitudes towards apologizing. D．There are better ways to express remorse than just saying “sorry”. Passage 2 (2025·天津市河北区高三下学期总复习质量检测二模) Ancient Greek philosopher Socrates famously declared that the unexamined life wasn't worth living for a human being, implying that we should attempt to know ourselves, to think through our actions, choices, prejudices, and attitudes. But when it comes to thinking about our own happiness and what makes our lives go well, it really does seem that this reflective attitude can ruin our chances of finding what we seek. For instance, constantly overthinking our social interactions or obsessing over minor details at work can lead to missed opportunities and increased anxiety. Perhaps, in our quest for self-improvement, we need to achieve harmony between reflection and action. Perhaps it's not surprising that we are better designed for engaging in other activities than reflecting on how best to achieve our own happiness and well-being. Doing things that enhance our growth in physical, social, and intellectual areas tends to bring the reward of feeling good, and so stimulates us further to pursue those activities. Sitting around reflecting on what will make us happy is a lot less efficient than chasing the things that make us happy. If we think too much, there is an opportunity cost — time that we could have spent in a worthwhile activity has gone while we were thinking deeply about the best way to develop. The philosopher David has explored the role of reflective thinking in sports, and his observations offer valuable insights. He notes that while athletes must think about the basic actions they perform, overthinking the mechanics of those actions can be counterproductive. For instance, a footballer needs to focus on kicking the ball low and hard to the left of the goalkeeper, but not on the minute movements of the legs and feet that produce the desired outcome. Overthinking often leads to a poorer performance; instead, an automatic response to the situation is required. This is because the human mind and body are designed to work in harmony when engaged in activities, and overthinking disrupts this natural flow. A similar dynamic could also be operating in our lives. Individuals who start detailed programs of self-development in various dimensions, focusing on diet, habits, exercise, mental activity, work output, and so on, are like the footballer overthinking their development. Their well-intentioned self-reflection might actually prevent them from achieving a high level of fulfillment. Sometimes, it is better to engage in activities wholeheartedly rather than constantly analyzing every aspect of our lives. After all, happiness may be found more easily through action than through endless contemplation. As we know, the path to fulfillment, then, may lie not in relentless self-dissection, but in the courage to act — even imperfectly — while allowing reflection to guide, not govern, our lives. 1．By citing Socrates in Paragraph 1, the author primarily intends to . A．show the history of self-examination B．compare ancient and modern views C．criticize philosophical traditions D．introduce the topic of reflection 2．What may cause an opportunity cost according to the passage? A．Spending time on worthy activities. B．Focusing on efficient physical exercises. C．Spending too much time in self-reflection. D．Participating actively in social interactions. 3．Why does the author mention David's observations? A．To praise a wise philosopher. B．To show overthinking effects. C．To teach readers football skills. D．To argue for reflective thinking. 4．The author believes happiness is primarily achieved by . A．recording every life detail for analysis B．balancing action with timely reflection C．studying happiness theories extensively D．following self-improvement checklists strictly 5．How does the author develop this passage? A．By using numbers and test results. B．By telling stories from his own life. C．By comparing old and new ideas about thinking. D．By giving examples from sports and philosophy. 6．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Thinking deeply guarantees success. B．Philosophers misunderstand human nature. C．Overthinking may prevent self-improvement. D．Physical activities outweigh mental exercises. Passage 1 （2025·天津·高考真题）Writing Competitions 2025 The Caledonia Novel AwardThe award is for the best novel manuscript (原稿). All entries must be original manuscripts at least 50,000 words long by unpublished writers. The first prize is £1,500. There is a special prize of a free place on a creative writing course at Moniack Mhor Centre, the sponsor of the competition. The entry fee is £28. A number of sponsored places are available for writers on low incomes. The closing date is 31 May. Website: https://thecnaward.com/submit The Deborah Rogers Foundation Writers AwardThe DRF Writers Award invites submissions of 15,000-20,000 words of a work in progress, which may be fiction or non-fiction. Writers must not previously have published any work. The winner will receive £10,000 and two shortlisted writers will receive £1,000. The closing date is 31 May. Website: https://www.drf.org/enter Imagine 2100 Climate Fiction CompetitionWriters are invited to “envision (展望) a future where humanity overcomes the climate crisis and builds a more sustainable world.” Your story can be set sometime between the near future and the year 2100. Stories should be unpublished, between 2,500-5,000 words. Entry is free, with the first prize of £3,000. The winning stories will be published on the competition’s website. The deadline is 24 June. Website: https://climatefiction.org/submit New Writers Flash Fiction CompetitionNew Writers is inviting entries of short fiction on any theme up to 300 words. The first prize is £1,100. The winning entries will be published on the New Writers website. All entries must be original and unpublished. There is an entry fee of £10. £1 from each entry will be donated to First Story, the creative writing charity for young people. A limited number of free entries are available for low-income writers. The closing date is 31 March. Website: https://newwriters.net/compete 1．How many words are required for the entries to the competition sponsored by Moniack Mhor Centre? A．Up to 300. B．2,500 to 5,000. C．15,000 to 20,000. D．At least 50,000. 2．The DRF Writers Award differs from the other competitions in that________. A．it awards money prizes B．it offers a free writing course C．it accepts non-fiction entries D．it publishes winning stories online 3．Which competition involves donation to young writers? A．The Caledonia Novel Award. B．New Writers Flash Fiction Competition. C．Imagine 2100 Climate Fiction Competition. D．The Deborah Rogers Foundation Writers Award. 4．What do the four competitions have in common? A．Entries must not be previously published. B．They all fund low-income writers. C．All competitions are entry free. D．Participants should write on particular themes. Passage 2 （2022·天津·高考真题）Getting into college is a big step for high school graduates, and it comes with a lot of changes. For most students, it’s the first time they’re living away from home and managing their own life. Not surprisingly, adapting to this new lifestyle can be challenging. The following four tips will make high school graduates better prepared for college life. Goal setting When setting goals, whether they’re academic, career, or personal, re-member they should be attainable but not too easy, so that you really have to push yourself to achieve them, and feel rewarded when you do. Writing down your goals and breaking down each huge, long-term goal into smaller more practical ones can help make it feel more real, and writing out a plan for achieving it can give you a roadmap to success. Interpersonal skills At college, you will interact with fellow students, professors, librarians, and many others. Strong interpersonal skills will help you build relationships during this time, and get more out of them. If you feel that your interpersonal skills need some work, practice asking thoughtful questions and listening closely, develop your understanding by putting yourself in someone else’s shoes, and enhance your self-confidence. Studying With fewer in-class hours and more on-your-own learning, you’re required to really digest learning material rather than simply memorize facts. To be successful in college you’ll need to learn how to integrate large amounts of information obtained through reading, do research, and write papers. Organization is the key, so if you are not someone who is naturally organized, set up your study schedule. Budgeting Managing money is a critical life skill, and for many, it is at college that they develop it for the first time. Start by estimating your financial balance. Then give high priority to the expenses on basic needs and determine how much money to set aside every month to cover those costs. Don’t forget about savings…and the fun stuff(movies, dinners out), too. 5．Who is this passage most probably written for? A．College teachers. B．University graduates. C．High school teachers. D．Would-be college students. 6．What is the author’s suggestion for reaching a huge goal? A．Divide it into smaller, more achievable ones. B．Reward oneself for each goal one has set. C．Purchase a clear, updated roadmap. D．Push oneself to an upper level. 7．One of the suggested ways to enhance your interpersonal skills is to ________. A．prepare complicated questions B．try on someone else’s shoes C．listen to others carefully D．take advantage of others 8．What is the key to successful college study according to the author? A．Being well-organized. B．Being well-informed. C．Effective reading skills. D．Reliable research methods. 9．To learn how to manage money, the first thing to do is________. A．save money for financial investment B．estimate one’s income and expenses C．set aside money for fun activities D．open a personal bank account Passage 3 （2025·天津·高考真题）I first encountered tai chi in Ottawa’s Chinatown. Men and women gathered in loose formation. Their actions combined to achieve a meditative (冥想的) dance. I was amazed by its beauty and grace. It was like watching a water lily opening. Yet I couldn’t see the point. I could achieve my fitness goals from exercise classes, swimming and cycling — and moving so slowly didn’t seem to build muscle, my objective for all activities. I chose only to admire this martial art (武术) but kept my distance. Years later, a recommendation from my doctor brought me to a training group for tai chi beginners led by a caring instructor. I had thought that my goal would be to master the 108 moves. Technically right, but wrong on so many counts. The class was full of lovely people who glided effortlessly, seemingly never confused about where to move next. They assured me that they had been beginners once too, and that I would be able to remember all the moves within three or four years. Three to four years! Graduate degrees took less time. But I could see they were right. Commit and improve: That was the only path. Another realization came to me when I attended an advanced class. We began with foundation exercises, and almost immediately, the instructor singled me out for instruction. To be singled out was an honour, but I was mortified. All the others in the class stopped and turned to watch me while the instructor corrected my positioning. “Don’t bend, “he said, and I repeated the movement. “Straighten your back, “he urged, and on it went — probably for only a few minutes, but it seemed like hours. I couldn’t say, “Yeah, I get it.” I had to show that I did. I concentrated as I had never done before, listening to what the instructor was saying, watching his movement and then willing my body to move in imitation. I was unlearning and learning, overcoming awkwardness to focus. I realized that I was learning a new way of being in the world—truly listening and open to correction. I don’t know that I will ever master the 108 moves. What I do know is that I have found an activity in my life where change and growth are not just possible but expected, even when my stubborn (固执的) personality tendencies re-emerge at every turn. 10．What was the author’s first impression of tai chi? A．Pleasant to the eye but not of much use. B．Too slow to be regarded as a martial art. C．Helpful in accomplishing fitness goals. D．Mysterious and difficult to master. 11．In the beginners’ class, the author realized that mastering tai chi required_________. A．discipline B．leadership C．persistence D．teamwork 12．What does the underlined word “mortified” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Angered B．Confused C．Disappointed D．Embarrassed 13．How did the author respond to the instructions in the advanced class? A．She denied her weaknesses and carried on. B．She stayed focused and followed attentively. C．She worked hard and displayed her talent. D．She opened up her mind and sought advice. 14．Which of the following can be concluded from the author’s experience? A．Tai chi empowers people to improve. B．Tai chi keeps the balance of the body. C．Tai chi fires people’s passion for sports. D．Tai chi facilitates healthy relationships. Passage 4 （2023·天津·高考真题）I looked through the window of the charming little violin shop, and my heart began to race. I'd been out to dinner that evening. Since it wasn't dark yet after the meal, I decided to walk home from the restaurant. I had traveled that way before, yet I had never noticed that old little shop. But that night I felt drawn to the violin shop the moment I came across it. I wiped the dirt from the window to get a better look inside. Several violins hung from the dark walls, quietly waiting to be chosen. As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past. My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. She was like, “Join the swim team, Tara. Your sister is a good swimmer;surely you will be, too. ”What she refused to acknowledge, however, was that I was visibly afraid of water. Every Saturday I begged Mom not to make me go to the swim meet, but had little chance of success. That said, with a bang of the starting gun, I would dive into the cold water with all my strength and swim to the other side of the pool as fast as I could, only to find that the other swimmers slid past me. I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts. Then came a turning point in my life the day our school orchestra( 管弦乐队)visited my class, and gave a demonstration. The drums annoyed me. The flutes(笛子)bored me. But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy. Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mom was thrilled to see me finally excited about something, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip. I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability. Before long I had won the first seat in the community orchestra … 15．What did the sight of the violins in that little shop bring to Tara's mind? A．Her miserable past. B．An unforgettable sport event. C．The stories behind the violins. D．Her childhood memory. 16．What Dad did for Tara during the swimming competition implies that he is ________. A．mindless and bad-tempered B．caring and supportive C．strict and demanding D．tolerant and sympathetic 17．What fascinated Tara during her school orchestra's demonstration? A．The tune of the flutes. B．The beat of the drums. C．The sound of the violin. D．The manner of the musicians. 18．What enabled Tara to win the first seat in the community orchestra? A．The steady improvement in her taste. B．Her strong desire for success. C．Her natural gift for music. D．The rapid progress in her ability. 19．What message does Tara's story convey? A．It's never too young to learn. B．A passionate interest works wonders. C．Hard work will pay off in the long run. D．Like mother, like daughter. Passage 5 （2025·天津·高考真题）All animals take in oxygen from the air they breathe in, and release CO₂ from their blood when breathing out. Most mammals (哺乳动物) can’t directly detect oxygen levels in the blood supplied to their tissues. Instead, they rely on the rising level of CO₂ in their blood to signal that they might need to take a breath. But a recent study published in Science suggests seals (海豹) can sense the amount of oxygen in the blood, and change their diving behavior in response. To find out if oxygen levels affected seal behavior, Professor McKnight at the University of St. Andrews and his colleagues created a special section in a pool where young seals were held. In one corner, there was a breathing chamber (呼吸室), where they were sheltered from the rain and the wind. The breathing chamber was surrounded by panels that prevented surface swimming, yet swimming below the surface for about 200 feet would give the seals access to a feeder where they could eat as much fish as they liked. Once the seals got familiar with the setup, the researchers started to gradually change the composition of the air in the breathing chamber, increasing or reducing the levels of oxygen and CO₂ to see an effect on their behavior. Sure enough: the higher the level of oxygen, the longer the seals stayed at the feeder. The finding suggests that seals don’t just physically respond to oxygen levels by changing their heart rate or breathing, but that they are sufficiently aware of them to change their behavior. This ability would put seals in a class beyond any land mammals that have been tested. Since oxygen levels on land remain stable, humans don’t seem to have evolved (演化) to notice low blood oxygen levels, sometimes not even when they’re about to pass out in free-diving. Therefore, in free-diving without oxygen tanks, accidents are quite common. Our reliance on sensing CO₂ levels in our blood instead of oxygen may be to blame. Actually, this is a perfectly reasonable strategy on land, where growing CO₂ tends to signal breathing issues. But when holding our breath during diving, relying on CO₂ levels is risky, especially on repeated dives. Because every time we surface and breathe in, our sensitivity to CO₂ is decreased, even if its levels are already high, and this increases the chance that a person will, without awareness, pass out before they get to the surface. 20．What do most mammals rely on to determine when to take a breath? A．The growing amount of CO₂ in their blood. B．The rising level of oxygen in their lungs. C．The intensity of their physical activity. D．The blood supply to body tissues. 21．When would the seals stay at the feeder for a longer period of time? A．When they needed to take in more food at the feeder. B．When the oxygen level in the chamber grew higher. C．When they familiarized themselves with the setup. D．When the CO₂ level in the chamber was raised. 22．What results in humans’ inability to notice low oxygen levels in their blood? A．The unstable CO₂ levels in the air. B．Their lack of attention to breathing. C．The constant oxygen levels on land. D．Their functionally changeable heart rate. 23．Why do accidents often occur when divers go free-diving? A．Their breath cannot be held long enough. B．They cannot adjust the consumption of oxygen. C．They may fail to notice rising CO₂ levels soon enough. D．Their breathing organs stop working properly underwater. 24．Which statement is probably supported by McKnight’s seal research? A．Seals have evolved to survive in low oxygen environments. B．Seals are quick to sense oxygen levels and act accordingly. C．Seals can maintain their heart rate even with low blood oxygen levels. D．Seals are more sensitive to changes in the environment than other mammals. Passage 6 （2020·天津·高考真题）After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together. Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?” Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them. “The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied. Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake. How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement. One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts ofUncle Tom’s Cabinwhile cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78. However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment. 25．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________. A．propose a definition B．make a comparison C．reach a conclusion D．present an argument 26．What does the example of Galileo tell us? A．Trial and error leads to the finding of truth. B．Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious. C．Creativity results from challenging authority. D．Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore. 27．What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent? A．Observe the unknown around you. B．Develop a questioning mind. C．Lead a life of adventure. D．Follow the fashion. 28．What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7? A．Gaining success helps you become an expert. B．The genius tends to get things done creatively. C．Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action. D．You should remain modest when approaching perfection. 29．What could be the best title or the passage? A．Curious Minds Never Feel Contented B．Reflections on Human Nature C．The Keys to Achievement D．Never Too Late to Learn 10 / 11 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $