专题11 阅读理解之记叙文（题型专练）（天津专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题11阅读理解之记叙文 目录 第一部分 题型解码 高屋建瓴，掌握全局 第二部分 考向破译 微观解剖，精细教学 典例引领 方法透视 变式演练 考向01 细节理解题 考向02 推理判断题 考向03 主旨大意题 考向04 词义猜测题 第三部分 综合巩固 整合应用，模拟实战 题型简介 记叙文是以写人、叙事为主，以人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体形式，其特点如下：主题往往蕴含在字里行间，需要透过表面理解、领悟文字的深层含义，通过归纳概括来进行提炼；大多按时间或空间顺序展开叙述。 命题方式 高考阅读理解选材来源广泛，多源于国外英文图书、报刊、网络媒体，语言地道纯正，具有鲜明的语言文化特点。体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，涉及科普、社会、文化、地理、历史、政治、经济、人文、日常生活等领域。命题主要考查细节理解、主旨大意、词义猜测及推理判断。 解题思路 1. 读文：抓双线，理脉络：重点抓情节线和情感线。情节线按时间/事件顺序梳理5W要素（who/when/where/what/why）；情感线紧盯情绪形容词（如delighted、frustrated）、心理描写（thought/felt）和行为暗示（sighed/smiled），梳理人物情感变化。同时圈画时间词（suddenly/eventually）和转折词（but/unexpectedly），快速定位关键情节。 2. 解题：按题型，找对策 细节理解题 锁定题干关键词（如人名、时间），回文定位对应语句，注意选项与原文的同义替换，排除张冠李戴、颠倒是非的干扰项。 推理判断题 答案不能直接找，需结合原文细节+逻辑推断。关注尾段感悟句，推断作者态度或事件寓意，杜绝主观臆断和过度推理。 主旨大意题 优先看首尾段，若没有明确主旨句，可通过高频词和核心事件概括，避免仅概括局部情节的片面选项。 词义猜测题 借助转折词（but/however）、同义词、上下文语境推断，也可通过指代关系（it/this）往前找对应名词，替换验证逻辑是否通顺。 考向01 细节理解题 【例1-1】（2023·天津卷第二次）I looked through the window of the charming little violin shop, and my heart began to race. I'd been out to dinner that evening. Since it wasn't dark yet after the meal, I decided to walk home from the restaurant. I had traveled that way before, yet I had never noticed that old little shop. But that night I felt drawn to the violin shop the moment I came across it. I wiped the dirt from the window to get a better look inside. Several violins hung from the dark walls, quietly waiting to be chosen. As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past. My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. She was like, “Join the swim team, Tara. Your sister is a good swimmer;surely you will be, too. ”What she refused to acknowledge, however, was that I was visibly afraid of water. Every Saturday I begged Mom not to make me go to the swim meet, but had little chance of success. That said, with a bang of the starting gun, I would dive into the cold water with all my strength and swim to the other side of the pool as fast as I could, only to find that the other swimmers slid past me. I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts. Then came a turning point in my life the day our school orchestra( 管弦乐队)visited my class, and gave a demonstration. The drums annoyed me. The flutes(笛子)bored me. But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy. Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mom was thrilled to see me finally excited about something, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip. I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability. Before long I had won the first seat in the community orchestra … 1．What did the sight of the violins in that little shop bring to Tara's mind? A．Her miserable past. B．An unforgettable sport event. C．The stories behind the violins. D．Her childhood memory. 3．What fascinated Tara during her school orchestra's demonstration? A．The tune of the flutes. B．The beat of the drums. C．The sound of the violin. D．The manner of the musicians. 4．What enabled Tara to win the first seat in the community orchestra? A．The steady improvement in her taste. B．Her strong desire for success. C．Her natural gift for music. D．The rapid progress in her ability. 【变式1-1】（2026·天津·一模）In the glittering world of Olympic figure skating, where every move is judged under the harshest of lights, failures can be brutally exposed. It was during one such moment that Mario, a once-promising star, stumbled and fell, his dream crashing down with the thud (砰的一声) of the skate blades on the ice. The initial shock was followed by a deep sense of despair. Doubts crept in, whispering that he might never rise again. Each day seemed darker than the last, as Mario struggled to find his footing in a world that suddenly felt so alien and unforgiving of himself. But within this darkness, Mario began to forgive himself and accept the reality. He remembered the countless hours of training, the sacrifices made, and the love for the sport that had burned so brightly before. Slowly, he picked himself up, dusted off the ice shards of defeat, and began to skate again. This time, it was different. Each fall became a lesson, each mistake an opportunity for growth. He learned to embrace his failures, using them as stepping stones to greater heights. With renewed determination, Mario pushed himself harder, skating with a newfound grace and power. Finally, the day arrived when our hero stepped onto the Olympic ice once more. This time, there was no fear, only focus. As the music swelled and he began his routine, every move flowed with effortless elegance. When the final note rang out, he knew he had done it. This young man had risen from the ashes of failure and embraced success again, stronger and more brilliant than before. As the crowd erupted in applause and the athlete stood center ice, a single tear traced down his cheek. It was a tear of joy, relief, and pride — a testament to the journey he had endured. At that moment, he understood that failure was not the end, but rather a beginning — a chance to rise stronger, wiser, and more determined. And so, Mario smiled, knowing that the road ahead, no matter how bumpy, would be filled with the sweet taste of victory and the knowledge that true success comes from overcoming the toughest challenges. 1．The figure skater felt so unforgiving of himself because ________. A．he fell and crashed down B．he failed the competition C．he struggled to stand on the ice D．his skate blades tripped on the ice 2．How did the athlete adjust himself back to the ice stage? A．He embraced all the tests to the journey. B．He acknowledged the failure and cheered himself up. C．He practiced more than before and endured all pains and hurts. D．He changed himself into a stronger, smarter and more powerful man. 3．Mario is a young man with the merit of ________. A．toughness and sentiments B．hard work and elegance C．perseverance and resilience D．generosity and humility 4．What can we learn from this story? A．Failure is the mother of success. B．Chances favor the prepared mind. C．Constant dripping wears away the stone. D．What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger. 5．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Hard Training of a Figure Skater B．A Comeback from Failure in Olympic Skating C．The Harsh Judging in Olympic Figure Skating D．The Sweet Taste of Transient Victory 【变式1-2】（2024·天津和平·三模）The funny thing about basically doing anything is that we typically know what to do. The hard thing is actually doing it, day after day after day. The problem isn’t knowledge. The problem is willpower. Hold that thought. Last year a friend wanted to get in better shape, so he started the Hard 75 Challenge, which involves following a diet, working out twice a day for 45 minutes each session, drinking a gallon of water, reading 10 pages of a nonfiction personal development book, and taking a picture of yourself. Every day. For 75 straight days. Fail to complete any of the above on any given day? Start over. In many ways, Hard 75 is similar to a diet. As anyone who has tried knows, following a specific diet is hard. Temptation. Availability. Consistently making the right choices is hard. The same is true for exercising outdoors. It’s hard to force yourself to go for a run when your day got away from you and it’s 8 p.m. and raining and 35 degrees. If you can pull off the Hard 75, that’s awesome. But it’s really hard. And it was really hard for my friend. He started, got disappointed, got up the determination to start over, got disappointed, forced himself to start over… while he got in a little better shape, he didn’t make the progress he hoped for. Then he took a different approach. Instead of following a strict diet, he just created a few simple rules. He wanted to eat healthier, so he cut out all “white” foods (breads, white rice, potatoes, crackers, added sugar). When he went out to eat, he avoided failing to find the “right” food by just choosing the healthiest option available. And instead of following a specific exercise program, he just decided that he would always work out for at least 20 minutes every day. Most of the time he did longer workouts, but still: The only rule he had for himself was that he would work out for just at least 20 minutes a day. That way he never “failed,” never got disappointed, and never felt like he had to start over. As long as he got his 20, he was good. The same approach applies to everything. In my case, I decided I needed to drink more water and less soda. So I decided I would always drink water with meals. Within a couple days, that habit became automatic. Bottom line? Diets are bad. Having to rely on willpower is even worse. Rules, on the other hand, are easy. And great, especially when those rules help take you to the place you someday want to be. 6．We can learn about the Hard 75 Challenge that it ____. A．lasts 75 days straight without any additional efforts B．imposes demanding requirements on the participants C．requires participants to exercise on hot and rainy days D．aims to cultivate people’s ability to appreciate literature 7．The author’s friend failed to make the progress he hoped for because ____. A．he was not determined enough B．he didn’t have enough knowledge C．he made the wrong choices D．he followed a strict diet 8．What a different approach would the author’s friend took to keep fit? A．Picking his own diet and always follow it. B．Eating the healthiest foods available. C．Sticking to doing intense exercise indoors. D．Pushing himself to prolong daily workouts. 9．The author will probably disagree that ________. A．in most cases we typically know what to do B．persisting in doing something daily is hard C．we might well fail with stronger willpower D．some simple rules are easier to carry out 10．According to the passage, simple rules can ________. A．help you achieve goals by making the habit stick B．encourage people to drink enough water C．reverse the effect of relying on willpower D．prevent you from getting lost in a place 1.快速浏览题干，找出关键词（如人名、地名、数字等）。 2.定位原文，利用关键词在文章中快速找到相关信息。 3.对比选项，将原文信息与选项进行对比，选出与原文一致的答案。 考向02 推理判断题 【例2-1】（2024·天津卷第一次）Our teacher, Miss Chevalier was a small woman, with a moon face, fatty fingers and curls that sprang straight up from her head, hence the funny name “Poodle (卷毛狗)”. She taught in our reading club. Sometimes she would look in and ask what we were reading — not to check but to know. That’s what happened the day my club was reading aloud a poem by Henry Longfellow. I guess I was better than the others, for Miss Chevalier asked a while later, “Addie, I was wondering if you would recite the whole poem to the Saturday evening’s club.” She said a famous professor was going to give a lecture about the poet, and a presentation of that poem would be a fresh way to start. She asked me to memorize it. “But that shouldn’t be a problem for a child of your ability,” she added. I’m telling you, my happy feet barely touched the ground all the way home. To me, that was the biggest thing ever and I soon learned the whole poem by heart, well prepared for our first rehearsal. I was desperately nervous when I went to her office the next day. But the good thing was she always had the smile that would make you feel like you just did something right. Halfway through the poem, Miss Chevalier stopped me and asked if I knew what “impetuous” meant. Despite her encouraging smile, I wanted to sink through the floor because I was unsure about its pronunciation as well as its meaning. Miss Chevalier pretended not to have noticed my red face and handed me a dictionary, asking me to read its definition aloud. “Impetuous has two definitions: rushing with great force or violence; acting suddenly, with little thought. ” She asked me which one fitted the poem. I read both definitions over again, trying to figure it out, but Miss Chevalier must have read my mind. “There is no wrong answer,” she said, “I want to know your opinion, Addie.” Hesitantly, I said, “Maybe… both.” She liked that. “One has to be impetuous both ways or they wouldn’t dare to face up to any challenge. Would you call yourself impetuous?” I knew she was asking for an opinion. “My mother thinks being impetuous for girls is improper, anyway.” She said my mom was somewhat right about that. “But girls should also be wise to take up challenges when needed. I believe you are such a girl.” After that, I would never call Miss Chevalier “Poodle” again. 2．Why did Addie feel happy on her way home? A．An event was going to happen. B．She was fully ready for her first rehearsal. C．She gained recognition for her performance. D．She memorized the poem sooner than others. 3．What can be learned about Miss Chevalier’s personality from the way she treated Addie? A．Caring and considerate. B．Easygoing and carefree. C．Curious and open-minded. D．Disciplined and strong-willed. 4．How did Miss Chevalier succeed in making Addie truly understand the word “impetuous”? A．By asking Addie to define it in her own way. B．By interpreting the two definitions separately. C．By consulting the dictionary for its definitions. D．By linking its definitions to Addie’s situations. 5．What is the probable reason that Addie would never call Miss Chevalier “Poodle” again? A．She followed her mother’s advice. B．She made up her mind to be a polite girl. C．She was touched by Miss Chevalier’s trust. D．She felt Miss Chevalier’s teaching funny. 【变式2-1】（2026·天津·一模）“Men are from Mars, women from Venus” has become a convenient shorthand for every household debate, from map-reading to loading the dishwasher. Yet beneath the jokes lies a serious question: are the two sexes born with fundamentally different wiring, or have we simply repeated the story until it feels true? Two high-profile sets of scans appear to offer hard proof of a difference. British psychologist Stuart Ritchie reported in 2012 that male brains are, on average, roughly one-tenth heavier than female brains and contain more white-matter. Three years later, Israeli neuroscientist, Daphna Joel added that typical “his” or “her” circuits can’t be detected with advanced software, even though every head ultimately contains a mix of both — like shades that vary but never perfectly match passport sex. Lise Eliot, a neuroscientist at Chicago Medical School, believes such headlines are too dramatic. After re-analyzing thousands of images collected across six countries, she calls the brain “a unisex (不分性别的) organ”. The numeric gap between group averages, she insists, is no wider than the difference between male and female kidneys, and the figures fail to predict how the organ actually processes algebra, empathy or parking instructions. Put simply, size decides nothing. If body structure is not the real boss, what is? Social experience, argues The Atlantic Classic papers loved eye-catching numbers: a 1970 survey’ showed boys beating girls thirteen-to-one on the mathematics SAT, a figure once highlighted by former Harvard president Lawrence Summers as proof of natural male scientific talent. When later student groups offered girls equal laboratory hours, encouraged female teachers and rewrote textbooks to include more real-world problems, the ratio fell to three-to-one, suggesting that opportunity, not body part, writes most of the scoreboard. Margaret McCarthy, a neuropharmacologist at the University of Maryland, applauds Eliot for “forcing the debate forward”. She also notes that wiping out every sex difference would sound an extreme note. Equal, she reminds us, is not identical; biology may still whisper where society shouts. 1．Why does the author present the findings of Ritchie and Joel? A．To correct statistical errors in psychology. B．To stress the risk of single-country data sets. C．To explain boys’ bad habits in reading maps. D．To provide scan evidence of sex differences. 2．What can we infer about Daphna Joel’s research? A．Advanced software can easily tell male and female brain circuits apart. B．Everyone’s brain has a combination of male and female brain features. C．Male and female brain traits always match a person’s registered sex. D．Male and female brain circuits have no difference at all. 3．What is implied by Eliot’s re-analysis of brain volume? A．Brain size can somehow decide sex rules. B．Males do well in tackling complex tasks. C．Generation gaps outrun between-sex gaps. D．It cannot tell how a person will think or act. 4．What can we infer from the falling math score gap after 1970? A．Equal chances narrow the score gap. B．Boys are now losing interest in STEM. C．Standardized tests are no longer trusted. D．Biology still limits girls’ physics scores. 5．What might be McCarthy’s attitude to erasing sex differences? A．Favorable. B．Disapproving. C．Unclear. D．Indifferent. 【变式2-2】（2026·天津·一模）The 20th century was a famously fruitful time for visions of the future, but the 21st century has failed to inspire them in the same way. Science fiction writer William Gibson has called this “future fatigue”, pointing out that we barely ever make reference to the 22nd century. One reason is that most of the ideas of the future that captured people’s imaginations in the 20th century have mutated since then. Plastic, for example, once billed as the material of the future, has become an environmental and health crisis — its durability and abundance turned downsides. The dominant images of the future that we are presented with at the moment all have long histories to them. They include space colonization, dystopian artificial intelligence and a longing to bring back the past — but a past that never was. This makes sense given the climate anxiety and dread about the future felt by many people. The future has started to feel like it is closing off rather than opening out. Jean-Louis Missika, a former deputy mayor of Paris, has written that “when the future is dark, people turn to an idealised past, a lost golden age. Nostalgia (怀旧) becomes a refuge against dangers, a cocoon against the announced declines.” It’s not that absolutely no new future visions have emerged this century. But it is notable that no major, forward-looking future visions have taken root in our collective imagination since smartphones came to dominate our way of communicating. I think about the future for a living and it is my experience that unified visions of desirable futures can inspire people to bring about change. They act as motivators and imagination engines. We can use them to visualise the society we want and then commit to work towards that future. Unifying visions of the future are also effectively used in architectural pictures, ads and TV shows; Star Trek has inspired technologists for decades. We’re in a crucial transition — from fossil fuels to renewables. This can feel terrifying, but also motivating. There are plenty of hotspots of innovation today: look at the rise of rooftop solar energy in Pakistan, where households and small businesses are energetically embarking on the shift to renewables. But we lack integration: future thinking that assembles these innovations together into unified visions, puts them in a social context and then constructs from the present into the future. In my new book, I look at four future visions being developed today: more-than-human futures reimagines our relationship with nature; degrowth redesigns the role of the economy; solarpunk recharges cultural innovation; and the metaverse immerses us in vivid digital worlds. But the future doesn’t stop with these — there should be many more visions emerging. We need to seed them, grow them and see what shape they take when we tell stories of the future once again. 2．What can be learned from the passage? A．The energy shift plays a key role in future thinking. B．Looking backward helps build stronger communities. C．The absence of shared visions holds back future progress. D．Rapid technological growth has restored people’s optimism. 3．What does the author think of unified future visions? A．They are mainly reflected in science fiction works. B．They can encourage people to work for social change. C．They have been replaced by digital world experiences. D．They are less effective than individual innovative ideas. 4．Regarding the “future fatigue”, the author is ________. A．concerned B．critical C．doubtful D．approving 5．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this article? A．To explain why “future fatigue” exists. B．To promote her new book about future visions. C．To warn against widespread fatigue towards future. D．To inspire collective imagination of future narratives. 1. 注意文章中的转折和对比：转折和对比往往暗示着作者的观点或态度的变化，是推理判断的重要线索。 2. 关注文章中的细节描述：细节描述往往能提供推理判断所需的具体信息。 3. 利用常识进行推理：在进行推理判断时，可以结合常识来辅助理解文章中的信息。 4. 避免过度推断：推理判断要基于文章中的信息，不要进行无根据的猜测或过度推断。 考向03 主旨大意题 【例3-1】 （2025·天津·高考真题）My great grandmother received the dollhouse (玩具小屋) from a family friend back in the late 1800s. It was then passed down from generation to generation. I was seven when I discovered it underneath the tree on Christmas morning. In our house, Mom set up a sewing area. I sat at her sewing machine, my feet barely reaching the presser foot. Mom bent over me, her hands on mine, gently guiding small bits of cloth under the needle to create dollhouse bedding. She also taught me to make mini-blankets. With a little paint and glue, Mom demonstrated that anything could be turned into dollhouse furniture. I learnt to view the world as a place of possibility. I spent hours of my girlhood sitting before my dollhouse, telling made-up stories, and creating miniatures (缩微模型). But eventually school activities took over, and the dollhouse was moved to the attic (阁楼). Over the next 40 years, the storytelling skills I’d practiced with the dollhouse grew into novel writing skills, and I developed a career as an author. One day, after hours of working on my fourth book, I took a break by surfing the Internet and happened to notice the beautiful dollhouses people posted on social media. They reminded me of mine. I went to the attic, brought it back to my room and started updating it. During the mindless hours of sewing and furnishing (布置家具), I listened to audiobooks about the history of dollhouses, learning that they were not invented for play. There’s a long, rich history of people in hardship turning to dollhouses to find comfort. They weren’t produced as toys until mass production became standard after 1945. This inspired me to create a novel where art saves the day. The truth was I myself needed art to save the day. Mom was then slipping away from me owing to progressive memory loss. The only topic we could discuss with any genuine joy was the update of the dollhouse. She loved retelling its history — those old memories. Mom didn’t find it strange at all that her 50-year-old daughter was updating the dollhouse. She just thought it fun and beautiful. And it was. It was a world where Mom and I were at our best together. 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Dollhouse: A Lifelong Toy B．Growing up with the Dollhouse C．The Dollhouse: More Than Just a Toy D．Dollhouse Making and Novel Writing 第一步：预判（读前）快速浏览首段、尾端、各段句首，对文章题材和主题方向形成预判。 第二步：验证（读中）边读边思考。 第三步：匹配（读后）排除干扰，代入验证。 【变式3-1】 （2026·天津·一模）In a town near the Potomac River, George and Anne Allen, both 82, struggle to remain in their beloved three-story house and neighborhood. Mr. Allen has had trouble walking since he broke his backbone in a fall down the stairs, and he expects to lose his driver’s license when it comes up for renewal given his physical state. Mrs. Allen recently got her foot hurt getting out of bed. Neither can climb up to change the light or bend under the sink to fix a leak. Without outside help, stores and public locations mean unimaginable hikes to them. So the Allens have banded together with their neighbors, who are equally determined to avoid being forced from their homes by dependence. Along with more than 100 communities nationwide, their group is part of a movement to make neighborhoods comfortable places to grow old in. “We are totally dependent on ourselves,” Mr. Allen said. “But I want to live in a mixed community, not just with the elderly. And as long as we can do it here, that’s what we want.” Their group has been registered as a nonprofit corporation, is setting membership dues, and is lining up providers of transportation, home repair, companionship, security and other services to meet their needs at home for as long as possible. Urban planners say this movement, organized by residents instead of government agencies, could make “aging in place” safe and affordable for a majority of elderly people. Although not the cure-all for those with complicated medical needs, the approach addresses what experts say can be a premature decision by older people to give up their homes in response to relatively small problems. As these small problems mount, sometimes accompanied by pressure from adult children, the elderly homeowner is caught off guard. Remaining at home without sufficient help is frightening. “If people don’t feel so overpowered, they don’t have to jump at precipitous decisions. Actually practices like moving into nursing homes are hard to be reversed,” said an expert. For inspiration, “aging in place” groups now pay yearly dues — $580 for an individual in exchange for the security of knowing that carpenters, chefs, computer experts or home health helpers are one phone call away. 10．Which of the following is probably the title of the passage? A．US grey band fights to stay at home B．Attention, US seniors are suffering C．At home vs Nursing home — a hard choice for US seniors D．US adult children, it’s time to care for your parents 【变式3-2】（2025·天津北辰·三模）There’s been a growing movement addressing a male loneliness crisis for some time now — and rightly so. A research in the UK suggests millions of men are experiencing loneliness but suffering in silence. An estimated eight million men feel lonely at least once a week, while for nearly three million it’s a daily occurrence, according to The Jo Cox Commission on Loneliness. But it isn’t just men who are struggling. Loneliness is a problem for everyone. For some young women, it’s particularly common. Recent survey for The Belonging Forum suggests that roughly half of young women aged 18-24 feel lonely compared to 29% of the general population. Motherhood is also incredibly isolating (孤立的). One survey suggested a remarkable 90% of mums had felt lonely since giving birth. Many experts expressed their views on this topic. Grace Carter, who works for UKWritings.com, described a “gap” between her expected social life and reality. “For days or weeks, my only real interactions are random or digital — it tires me out,” she said. Dr. Ashwini Nadkarni, from Harvard University, noted declining social structures, such as the trend of families becoming smaller, and technology’s role in reducing face-to-face contact. Riani Kenyon, from Canvas, calls this conflict “ambient loneliness”. “People seek emotional bonds through AI or social media, gaining control but losing true connection.” She explained. Carter added, “Online activity hides inner emptiness. I chat and post happy photos, but miss the natural closeness I once had.” Dr Nadkarni said “Men may be less likely to acknowledge their loneliness or seek help for it.” Both experts agree the problem applies to all genders. “Research shows that over the past 20 years, social isolation has increased, and social participation and close friendships have declined,” the assistant professor added. “Ultimately, isolation is neither a personal issue nor a gender issue, it is a cultural one,” Kenyon concluded. “We need to reframe connection as a collective responsibility and explore how technology, spaces, and systems can help us feel less alone, not just more online.” This may be comforting for people like Carter, who said, “You begin to doubt whether the problem lies within yourself or if your needs exceed what others can provide. When other women express similar emotions to mine, I understand that this feeling exists not only within me, but within many of us.” 1．What is the main idea of the article? A．Men’s loneliness is more severe due to their social habits. B．Loneliness is a widespread issue affecting various groups. C．Digital technology is the primary cause of modern loneliness. D．Mothers need more support to overcome post-birth isolation. 2．How many men in the UK feel lonely on a daily basis according to Paragraph 2? A．3 million. B．8 million. C．50% of young women. D．90% of mothers. 3．Why does the author mention that 90% of mothers feel lonely after giving birth? A．To criticize the lack of family support for new mothers. B．To highlight how motherhood can worsen social isolation. C．To argue that loneliness is unique to women. D．To compare loneliness rates between mothers and fathers. 4．The term “ambient loneliness” in paragraph 3 refers to ________. A．a sense of emptiness despite frequent digital interactions B．a temporary feeling caused by busy lifestyles C．cultural pressure to hide personal struggles D．physical isolation from family members 5．What do experts suggest as a solution to loneliness? A．Teaching individuals to improve their social skills. B．Encouraging people to spend less time online. C．Addressing loneliness through social and systemic changes. D．Focusing only on rebuilding traditional social structures. 考向04 词义猜测题 【例3-1】 （2023·天津·高考真题）I love making art and looking at artworks. I’ve found myself wondering how we gain pleasure from art. And now neuroaesthetics, a combination of neuroscience (神经科学) and aesthetics (美学), may provide an answer. Neuroaesthetics is a relatively young field of research on what happens in the brain when we make aesthetic assessments. Researchers use brain imaging technique to see which brain areas light up when we view paintings that we consider beautiful. Similar research has been done to understand the “neuronal fireworks” that occur when we look at inspiring sculptures, attractive faces, impressive dance, etc. But why do we find some art beautiful and other art ugly? According to research, it all comes down to the “aesthetic triad (三元组合)”. The first part of the triad is sensory-motor. This involves perceiving things like colours, shapes and movements. Movement in art has an interesting role. If you see a painting of a movement, like of a man pulling his arm away after being bitten by a dog, you feel like going through a similar experience. The part of your brain that controls your own movements lights up in response. Second is emotion-valuation. This is how a piece of art makes you feel, and whether or not you appreciate or enjoy that feeling. The part of the brain related to pleasure is activated in response to something we find beautiful. This system can be affected in fascinating ways, as found by research using transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) (经颅磁刺激). If TMS is applied to a specific part of your brain behind your forehead that is particularly important for decision-making, you suddenly like different kinds of art. Such stimulation produces significant changes in aesthetic appreciation of faces, bodies and artworks. The third part is meaning-knowledge. This is to do with how we can connect with a piece of art and what meaning we can create in it. Art is deeply personal, because when two people see the same artwork, our perception can create vastly different experiences of meaning. If we find meaning, then we often find pleasure. We also get enjoyment from the knowledge of how something was made. For the images that an artist creates, viewers will probably get far more enjoyment once they know the process used to create them. Informed by neuroaesthetics, the next time I create my art I will value the process even more, enjoying the activation of the aesthetic triad in my brain as I admire the vivid images that I have created. 1．What does “neuronal fireworks” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．A beautiful painting or sculpture. B．The lighting-up of specific brain areas. C．An advanced brain imaging technology. D．The aesthetic assessment of modern art. 1. 构词法分析 2. 语法功能判断 3. 代入验证法 【变式4-1】 （25-26高三上·天津滨海新·月考）Officially: Iceland is no longer mosquito-free. On Oct 21, Iceland’s Natural Science Institute announced that three mosquitoes had been discovered near Reykjavik, the capital city. This marks “the first record of mosquitoes in the wild in Iceland,” Matthias Alfredson, a scientist at the institute, told CNN. Mosquitoes are common insects with over 3,700 species worldwide, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Iceland, thanks to its cold, harsh climate, was once one of only two places on Earth without mosquitoes — the other being Antarctica. However, climate change is changing that. This spring, Iceland saw record temperatures, 26. 6°C on May 15, with some areas reaching 10°C above average, according to the Icelandic Meteorological Office. Iceland isn’t alone: Hawaii lost its mosquito-free status in 1826, when mosquitoes “hitchhiked (搭便车)” there on European and American ships. They thrived in Hawaii’s warm climate, and in recent years, global warming has helped expand their range into the islands’ higher-elevation (更高海拔) forests that were once too cold for them. Even in regions where mosquitoes are common, more species are appearing as the planet warms, The Guardian reported. For example in the UK, two non-native species, one of which is the Egyptian mosquito, were discovered this year. They can spread diseases like dengue fever (登革热), which affects 100 to 400 million people annually, according to the World Health Organization. Mosquitoes depend heavily on temperature for survival: they are cold-blooded, poikilothermal (变温的), meaning their body temperature matches their environment, explained The Conversation. Mosquito larvae (幼虫) need temperatures between 7℃ and 16℃ to grow, and adults prefer temperatures over 27℃, hibernating when temperatures drop below 10℃. Besides temperature, climate change also aids mosquito spread by disrupting precipitation patterns (降水模式) — given that mosquitoes develop in stagnant, dirty water before maturing into adults, the Stanford Report noted. And floods create breeding pools for them, while droughts lead people to store water, increasing mosquito habitats, according to the World Mosquito Program, a non-profit organization run by Monash University in Australia. While mosquitoes are thriving due to climate change, other animals are being forced to move farther north as a result of the same trend, World Atlas notes. This is particularly true for Arctic species like polar bears and snowy owl (雪鸮). 1．What is the focus of Paragraph 1? A．The reason for Iceland’s mosquito-free history. B．The first discovery of mosquitoes in Iceland. C．The climate feature of Iceland’s capital. D．A scientist working in Iceland’s institute. 2．What does the underlined word “thrived” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Grew rapidly. B．Survived hardly C．Disappeared suddenly. D．Changed completely. 3．What do we know about mosquitoes’ temperature preferences from Paragraph 6? A．Adults hibernate when temperatures are above 27℃. B．Young mosquitoes need temperatures below 7℃ to grow. C．Adults thrive in temperatures higher than 27℃. D．Their body temperature remains constant in cold environments. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．More animals will enter Iceland in the future. B．Arctic species suffer most from climate change. C．Mosquitoes will continue to expand their range. D．Climate change affects animal movements differently. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Climate change increases mosquitoes’ impact on health. B．Climate change provides conditions for mosquito survival. C．Climate change spreads mosquitoes and affects other species. D．Climate change makes Iceland and Hawaii lose mosquito-free status. 1.（2025天津一模）My life experience is anything but ordinary. Raised by my hardworking single mother on Australia's Gold Coast, I was encouraged to pursue higher education. Though I ranked top academically, my passion was cooking, a path my mother hesitated to support due to its challenges. To please her, I attended university while working part-time as a chef. However, my love for the kitchen soon surpassed my studies, and I dropped out to pursue cooking full-time. Over the next 12 years, I climbed the ranks as a chef, landing head chef positions in North Queensland. Life seemed perfect — I was engaged, had great friends and enjoyed stability. Yet, a lingering restlessness (挥之不去的焦躁感) grew within me. A trip to Bali became a turning point. I realized I desired something beyond conventional (守旧) existence. Despite guilt, I walked away from my settled life, returning to my mother's home on the Gold Coast. Soon, I fell back into old patterns — working in kitchens and feeling unfulfilled. Then, Instagram changed everything. As an early user, I poured my creativity into the platform, discovering a talent for photography and storytelling. By 2012, my audience grew to 200,000 followers, and tourism boards began reaching out. Recognizing the opportunity, I quit my job to pursue travel photography and social media full-time. The early days were tough. I created a “solo influencer package”, offering brands social media content, photography and campaign reports. As a pioneer in Australia's influencer market, my services became highly popular. I traveled on and on-50 trips a year at my peak-while expanding into consulting, public speaking, and project management. Now, I run a multifaceted (多层面) business, including photography, social media, and travel. I co-founded the Travel Bootcamp, teaching others to build careers in the industry, and launched an online photography course for beginners. Next year, I'll lead my first photography tour in Zimbabwe, my wife's homeland, combining my passions with conservation and community support. My journey has been challenging yet deeply fulfilling. Money is no longer the main driver — instead, I seek meaningful experiences and opportunities to inspire others. What began as a small idea has grown into a life of adventure, creativity and purpose. 1．What does the underlined word “surpassed” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Went beyond. B．Broke up. C．Continued. D．Improved. 2．Why did the author quit his job in North Queensland? A．He wanted to make a trip to Bali. B．He didn't enjoy working in the kitchen. C．He was eager to experience more in life. D．He preferred to live a conventional life. 3．How did the author's mother treat his choice of career? A．She eventually accepted her son's choice of career. B．She never supported her son's interest in cooking. C．She encouraged him to continue his university studies. D．She was the reason why he gave up his job in Queensland. 4．What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A．Why Instagram changed the author's mindset. B．Why followers liked to read the author's posts. C．How Internet benefited millions of online users. D．How the author started a career as a solo influencer. 5．What message does the text convey? A．Big results require big ambitions. B．The future is built on great ideas. C．Bravery never goes out of fashion. D．Your heart is the birthplace of dreams. 2.（2025·天津宝坻·二模）On the morning of the robotics competition, Jay stared at his trembling hands, haunted by last night’s argument with his teammate Leo. Their six-month project — a solar-powered rover — now sat dormant on the lab table. The fight had erupted when Leo discovered Jay secretly redesigned their code alone, fearing Leo’s part-time job distractions would compromise their work. “You think I’m deadweight?” Leo’s wounded glare, still burned Jay’s memory. Their friendship once thrived on mutual trust. In freshman year, Leo taught Jay calculus under the bleachers when bullies mocked his learning disability. Last winter, Jay spent nights debugging Leo’s programming errors before a critical demo. But senior year’s pressure warped (扭曲) their teamwork into silent competition. The competition’s first round proved disastrous. A glitch (小毛病) caused their rover to spin wildly, drawing judges’ frowns. During the lunch break, Jay found Leo hunched over a notebook, sketching (简述) a circuit (电路) diagram with familiar intensity — the same focus he’ d once used to explain quadratic equations. “I found the bug,” Leo muttered, circling a sensor code. “Your redesign ignored terrain friction variables (地球摩擦变量).” Swallowing pride, Jay whispered, “I should’ve asked for help.” Leo’s pen paused. “And I should’ve told you I was taking night shifts to pay for college apps.” Their eyes met, acknowledging unspoken fears. They worked through the break, combining Jay’s efficiency algorithms with Leo’s mechanical insights. When their rover flawlessly climbed the final obstacle course slope, the applause mattered less than Leo’s fist bump — a gesture revived from their freshman year. That evening, Jay scribbled in his journal “Friendship isn’t a solo sprint (冲刺) but a relay race — sometimes you carry the baton (接力棒), sometimes you pass it.” Psychologists affirm this observation; a 2024 MIT study found teams balancing trust and accountability outperform purely competitive groups by 63%. True friendship, the data suggests, thrives not in perfect harmony but in the courage to bridge vulnerabilities. 6．What caused the conflict between Jay and Leo? A．Academic cheating. B．Code redesign without consultation. C．Competition prize money. D．Personal insults. 7．The phrase “relay race” in last paragraph emphasizes friendship requires ________. A．physical strength B．strict rules C．alternating leadership D．audience approval 8．How did Leo help Jay in freshman year? A．Taught him calculus. B．Gave him job opportunities. C．Built a robot model. D．Organized competitions. 9．What does the rover’s success symbolize? A．Rebuilt trust through cooperation. B．Technological complexity. C．Importance of awards. D．Judges’ bias. 10．Which statement agree with the research finding? A．Individual talent guarantees success. B．Team balance improves performance. C．Friendship hinders professional growth. D．Competition eliminates vulnerability. 3.（2025·天津·一模）The afternoon air was thick and warm, and by the time my dad and I reached the bay, which we called a swimming palace, my clothes were damp and itchy on my skin. Dad dived into a splash, heading out toward the edge of our narrow bay. Overwhelmed, suddenly, with envy, I did what I hadn’t done in years: I held my breath and pulled my own head underwater. There, suspended beneath the glimmering (闪着微光) surface, I remembered it all — my love of diving, swimming, rivers and lakes. I knew what it was like again: to be free and fully present in my own skin. Though I’ve always loved the water, I had spent seven years prior to that day staying away from moments like this one. I was afraid. Struggling for a long time with unhelpful treatments, and the pressures of teenage girls’ appearance, I had become entirely reliant on my makeup. I needed total control over how I looked, and going swimming meant washing this control away. My bare face and natural appearance were not something I identified with. I hated it, deeply, though I wished more than anything that I didn’t. But those 10 minutes of contentment I floated within were fuel for the next chapter of my life. Suddenly, it didn’t matter how I did it. Whether through medication or mental attitude, I would find a way to have the kind of life that allowed me to div e into the water. That day was the beginning of a slow but determined journey back to my own body — a slow unlearning of my deep self-consciousness. Life didn’t change in a heartbeat: I returned to the shore with all the same fears, but I clothed myself in a new determination to change things. I felt the tide turn. Reflecting on this moment again today, it seems strange to think that going bare-faced on an empty beach was such a challenge. But this is exactly the perspective I had once dreamed of reaching. I do my best never to take for granted this freedom I have found. I will sink under the surface of the water, embracing that swell of fear and joy and liberation. 11．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．My father and I went camping. B．The weather was cool and sunny. C．What my father did inspired me. D．It was dangerous to swim in the bay. 12．The author avoided swimming for seven years because ______. A．she had no access to the bay. B．she had to receive treatments. C．she hated to reapply her makeup. D．she felt insecure without makeup. 13．What does the underlined word “it” mean in paragraph 3? A．My appearance. B．Going swimming in the sea. C．Unhelpful treatment. D．Pressure of teenage girls. 14．How did the author feel after she returned from the diving? A．Hesitant. B．Determined. C．Proud. D．Joyful. 15．What message does the author want to convey in the passage? A．You can’t judge a book by its cover. B．Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. C．Self-acceptance is the greatest gift. D．Nothing is difficult to a willing heart. 4.（2025·天津·一模）The afternoon air was thick and warm, and by the time my dad and I reached the bay, which we called a swimming palace, my clothes were damp and itchy on my skin. Dad dived into a splash, heading out toward the edge of our narrow bay. Overwhelmed, suddenly, with envy, I did what I hadn’t done in years: I held my breath and pulled my own head underwater. There, suspended beneath the glimmering (闪着微光) surface, I remembered it all — my love of diving, swimming, rivers and lakes. I knew what it was like again: to be free and fully present in my own skin. Though I’ve always loved the water, I had spent seven years prior to that day staying away from moments like this one. I was afraid. Struggling for a long time with unhelpful treatments, and the pressures of teenage girls’ appearance, I had become entirely reliant on my makeup. I needed total control over how I looked, and going swimming meant washing this control away. My bare face and natural appearance were not something I identified with. I hated it, deeply, though I wished more than anything that I didn’t. But those 10 minutes of contentment I floated within were fuel for the next chapter of my life. Suddenly, it didn’t matter how I did it. Whether through medication or mental attitude, I would find a way to have the kind of life that allowed me to dive into the water. That day was the beginning of a slow but determined journey back to my own body — a slow unlearning of my deep self-consciousness. Life didn’t change in a heartbeat: I returned to the shore with all the same fears, but I clothed myself in a new determination to change things. I felt the tide turn. Reflecting on this moment again today, it seems strange to think that going bare-faced on an empty beach was such a challenge. But this is exactly the perspective I had once dreamed of reaching. I do my best never to take for granted this freedom I have found. I will sink under the surface of the water, embracing that swell of fear and joy and liberation. 16．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．My father and I went camping. B．The weather was cool and sunny. C．What my father did inspired me. D．It was dangerous to swim in the bay. 17．The author avoided swimming for seven years because . A．she had no access to the bay. B．she had to receive treatments. C．she hated to reapply her makeup. D．she felt insecure without makeup. 18．What does the underlined word “it” mean in paragraph 3? A．My appearance. B．Going swimming in the sea. C．Unhelpful treatment. D．Pressure of teenage girls. 19．How did the author feel after she returned from the diving? A．Hesitant. B．Determined. C．Proud. D．Joyful. 20．What message does the author want to convey in the passage? A．You can’t judge a book by its cover. B．Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. C．Self-acceptance is the greatest gift. D．Nothing is difficult to a willing heart. 5.（2025·天津·一模）About 15 years ago, Andrew McLindon, a businessman and cyclist, was cycling in Austin, Texas. He thought of a friend’s 12-year-old son. The boy had hydrocephalus, which caused balance problems and he never knew the joy of biking. When McLindon, now 60, got home, he searched online and found a three-wheel bike with a seat belt. It was great for a child with balance issues. Soon, the boy was cycling on the street with his friends, having fun and getting exercise. McLindon also noticed his friend’s reaction. “Seeing his son playing with other kids,” McLindon said. “I’ll always remember the smile on his face.” That smile led to the McLindon Family Foundation. It gets money from donations. The group works with hospitals to find kids who can use an adaptive bike. They also make each bike fit the child’s special needs. A bike might have a headrest, a shoulder harness, a seat belt, and a steering and braking system for a caregiver at the back. These bikes cost 4,000 dollars, even with the big discount from the manufacturer. For the lucky kids who get one, it changes their lives. “We helped a 14-year-old with spinal bifida (脊柱裂),” McLindon said. “She used to spend most days on the sofa watching TV. But after getting her bike, she started training for special-needs triathlons. In a magazine interview, she said, “I always knew I could be an athlete.” So far, the foundation has given out 450 bikes. And this is just the beginning. “I do many things. I manage a lot of companies,” McLindon said. “But giving bikes to these kids is the most important thing I do.” 21．What was the main problem for the 12-year-old boy mentioned in the text? A．He couldn’t afford a bike. B．He had balance issues due to hydrocephalus. C．He didn’t like cycling. D．He lived in an area without safe cycling paths. 22．How does the McLindon Family Foundation get the funds to help children? A．By selling bikes. B．By running companies. C．From the government. D．Through donations. 23．What impact did the adaptive bike have on the 14-year-old girl with spinal bifida? A．She signed up for triathlons. B．She started training confidently. C．She became a famous athlete. D．She gave the bike away to others. 24．Which of the following is the most important thing to Andrew McLindon? A．Managing his companies. B．Promoting cycling safety. C．Giving adaptive bikes to kids. D．Raising fund for the research. 25．What can we infer from the passage about McLindon? A．He is a careless person. B．He is a creative businessman. C．He is a kind-hearted man. D．He is a strict friend. 6.（2025·天津红桥·一模）In 2015, Calvin Echevarria was on top of his game. He had two jobs, bought a house and was raising a 3-year-old daughter with his wife. But suddenly, it felt like it was all taken away. He could no longer work as a FedEx driver because he developed diabetic retinopathy (视网膜病)and was going blind. Calvin at first worked on developing independent living skills like walking with a stick. But he wanted to learn more — like skills that would be useful-for a job. That’s when he found Lighthouse Works in Orlando, a company that creates jobs for the visually impaired (受损的) and blind. “Seven out of ten people who are visually impaired are not in the workforce,” said Kyle Johnson, president and CEO of Lighthouse Works. “And we knew some blind peopled are highly educated. And they’re very capable people, who want to work and contribute. So, we created Lighthouse Works to help them do that.” Calvin works in the call center, where Lighthouse Works has contracts with several clients, including the Florida Department of Economic Opportunity. In his job, Calvin uses a system called JAWS to“hear”the computer he uses. The system reads the computer screen to Calvin in one ear as he listens to a customer call in his other ear. He said what makes his call center job fun is that the person on the other end of the phone doesn’t even know he’s blind. And he said working in a fully accessible office space, with other visually impaired people who can relate to him, is an added benefit. “It gives me a purpose. It makes me feel better because I can actually be proud of myself, saying, ‘I provide for my family,’” he said. 26．What can be learned about Echevarria before he got diabetic retinopathy? A．He was the best worker in his company. B．He was gifted at playing games. C．He had to work hard to support his family. D．He was satisfied with his life. 27．What is the purpose of Lighthouse Works? A．To make more profits. B．To do research on retinopathy. C．To ad the visually impaired. D．To educate the visually impaired. 28．What is the function of JAWS in Calvin’s job? A．Making him “see” the computer screen. B．Helping him hear the customer better. C．Enabling him to locate customers easily. D．Teaching him how to answer a customer. 29．What does Calvin think of working in the call center at Lighthouse Works? A．It’s too challenging for him. B．It makes him feel fulfilled and proud. C．It’s difficult to get along with his colleagues. D．It’s a temporary job to make ends meet 30．Which of the following can best sum up Calvin’s story? A．It’s never too old to learn. B．When God closes a door, he opens a window. C．A journey of one thousand miles begins with one step. D．A thousand miles of walking is better than ten years of reading. 7.（24-25高三下·天津·月考）I was physically destroyed the first time I rode my bike home from Costco carrying a load of groceries. The 11-mile round trip left me with dead legs and the suspicion that I had made a mistake. A month earlier, my 23-year-old minivan broke down for the last time. Rather than replace it, I decided a new “car-free” reality would encourage a healthier lifestyle. My aching muscles questioned the viability (可行性) of this plan. Three years later, I now know that giving up my car was the first step toward solving a lifelong struggle: maintaining consistent physical activity. What started as a necessity-I had no car, so I must bike became a strategy: Errands (差事) are an opportunity for exercise. I began seeking out new errands just for the exercise they would provide. Rain or shine, I became an errand-running machine. For most of my adult life, I’d been trying, and failing, to consistently exercise. Only now, as I hit my 60th birthday, did I feel I’d finally figured it out. Michelle Fortier, a physical activity psychologist, mentioned that outside motivations, like doctors warnings and weight insecurities, do not result in lasting behavior change. “That can get people started, but it will not maintain their physical activity,” Dr. Fortier said. My own behavior change, Dr. Fortier explained, was probably the result of combining two intrinsically (内在地) generated motivations that had nothing to do with body-image fears or outside pressures: I love to ride my bike, and I love the satisfaction of getting things done. Recognizing that day-to-day tasks often involve movement is an opportunity to build physical activity habits into our everyday lives. But you’d better pay attention to the pleasure principle, begin with what you like, and then work yourself into shape. 31．How did the author find his first-time biking trip to and from Costco? A．Very confusing. B．Extremely tiring. C．Rather worrying. D．Deeply embarrassing. 32．What problem did the author face before giving up his car? A．He lacked enough money to buy a new one. B．He was too busy to ride a bike to a grocery shop. C．He had difficulty in doing physical activity regularly. D．He found it challenging to drive a car over a long distance. 33．In paragraph 5, the author mentions Michelle Fortier to show _________. A．the benefits of running errands B．the challenges in behavior change C．the importance of regular exercise D．the importance of intrinsic motivations 34．What played an important role in the author’s lasting behavior change? A．A sense of satisfaction. B．Warnings from doctors. C．Tips from a psychologist. D．A fear for his growing weight. 35．What would be the best title for the text? A．How I Overcame Outside Pressures B．How I Turned My Errands into Exercise C．Why I Became a Fast-Running Machine D．Why I Dreamed of a “Car-Free” Lifestyle 8.（2025·天津河西·一模）As a child, I was crazy about the art of pottery (陶艺). The way the smooth clay made beneath my fingertips, transforming into unique shapes under the gentle rotation (旋转) of the potter’s wheel, was really magical. I spent countless hours in my school’s art studio, lost in a world where creativity knew no bounds. Each piece I crafted was a labor of love, an expression of my thoughts and emotions. However, as I grew up, my once-strong passion for pottery gradually disappeared. The pressures of academic excellence, social obligations, and the uncertainty of the future pushed my artistic pursuits to the periphery (边缘) of my life. I traded in my pottery tools for textbooks and calculators, convinced that a more “practical” path was the key to a successful future. Years passed, and I found myself ensconced (安置) in a corporate job that, while financially rewarding, left me feeling unfulfilled. The boring daily routine, the endless meetings, and the constant pressure to meet targets had a bad effect on my spirit. I often found myself daydreaming about the carefree days of my childhood, when the simple act of creating something with my hands brought me so much joy. One weekend, while searching through the attic (阁楼) of my childhood home, I found a dusty box filled with my old pottery pieces. As I carefully lifted each item out of the box, memories came flooding back. I was immediately transported back to those happy days in the art studio, where time seemed to stand still and every creation was a new adventure. Holding my own pottery creation in hands, I was longing for the creative freedom I had once possessed. Without hesitation, I decided to learn pottery again. I enrolled in a local community college’s pottery class, feeling both nervous and excited as I stepped back into the world of clay and creativity. The first few sessions were challenging. My hands, once so skillful, now moved awkwardly with the clay. The muscle memory that had once come so naturally seemed to have faded with time. But I refused to be discouraged. I spent hours practicing, studying the techniques of my fellow students and instructors, and gradually, my skills began to return. As I explored in my pottery journey, I realized that it wasn’t just about creating beautiful objects. It was about reconnecting with a part of myself that I had lost along the way. It was about finding relief in the creative process, in the act of taking something formless and transforming it into something meaningful. With each new piece I created, I felt a sense of accomplishment and fulfillment that I had never experienced in my corporate career. The stress and anxiety that had bothered me for so long seemed to melt away as I focused on the simple pleasure of working with my hands. Today, pottery has once again become a part of my life. It has taught me the importance of staying true to myself, of never losing sight of the things that bring me joy and fulfillment. 36．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The author’s struggle to balance a corporate job and a creative hobby. B．How the pressures of adolescence led the author to abandon a once-loved activity. C．The author’s rediscovery of a childhood passion for pottery and its profound impact on his life. D．A comparison between the author’s corporate career and his artistic pursuits. 37．Why did the author give up pottery during adolescence? A．He lost interest in all forms of art. B．He was convinced that pottery was not a practical pursuit. C．He couldn’t afford the materials for pottery-making. D．He was too busy participating in sports activities. 38．What was the initial reaction of the author when he started the pottery class again? A．He was immediately proficient as if he had never stopped. B．He found it easy and quickly regained his old skills. C．He was confident and eager to show off his talent. D．He seemed unskilled in the pottery. 39．What is the author’s attitude towards his corporate job? A．Discontented. B．Enthusiastic. C．Indifferent. D．Satisfied. 40．It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes ______. A．staying true to one’s passions can bring a sense of fulfillment B．one should sacrifice personal interests for a successful career C．money is the most important factor in choosing a job D．creativity is only important in childhood 9.（2025·天津·一模）So many years after her funeral, I still remembered how I met that wrinkled, 87-year-old little lady the first day of college. She said, “Hi handsome. My name is Rose, a first year here. Can I give you a hug?” I laughed and enthusiastically responded. We became instant friends. I was always deeply absorbed in listening to this finely dressed “time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me. Over the course of the year, Rose became a campus icon and she easily made friends wherever she went. At the end of the first semester we invited Rose to speak at our football banquet (宴会). I’ll never forget what she taught us. As she began to deliver her prepared speech, she dropped her three by five cards on the floor. Frustrated and a little embarrassed, she leaned into the microphone and simply said, “I’m sorry. I gave up beer for Lent and this whiskey is killing me! I’ll never get my speech back in order so let me just tell you what I know.” As we laughed, the elderly began, “We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. There are only four secrets to staying young, being happy, and achieving success. You have to laugh and find humor every day. You’ve got to have a dream. When you lose your dreams, you die. We have so many people walking around who are dead and don’t even know it! There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. If you are nineteen years old and lie in bed for one full year and don’t do one productive thing, you will turn twenty years old. Anybody can grow older. That doesn’t take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding opportunity in change. Have no regrets. The elderly usually don’t have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do. The only people who fear death are those with regrets.” One week after graduation, Rose died peacefully in her sleep. Over two thousand college students attended her funeral in memory of the wonderful woman who taught by example that it’s never too late to be all you can possibly be. 41．What is special about Rose as a college student? A．Her fine dressing. B．Her banquet speech. C．Her humorous attitude. D．Her advanced age. 42．How did Rose give her speech? A．By drinking with the students. B．By referring to the orderly cards. C．By sharing life experience in a flexible way. D．By following the planned speech literally. 43．What is true according to Rose’s speech? A．There are many dead people walking around. B．Dreaming big and impossible contributes to youth. C．People grow up while they are aging. D．Never regretting past mistakes helps people to develop. 44．Which word can best describe the students’ attitude to Rose? A．Considerate. B．Respectful. C．Regrettable. D．Ironic. 45．What is mainly talked about in the passage? A．Growing old is compulsory while growing up is optional. B．Drinking alcohol influences one’s performance at a speech. C．There is huge gap between seniors and the young in college. D．Hugging a person contributes to new friendships in a new environment. 10.（2025·天津河东·一模）Every November, as Thanksgiving Day approaches, one memory comes to my mind. At my big Turkish family’s get-togethers, baklava (果仁蜜饼) is the norm at the dessert table. There’s rolled baklava, nut-filled baklava and chocolate-dipped baklava. One year, though, back when I was in high school, my cousin Johnny decided to change things up a bit. He showed up at my parents’ house for Thanksgiving with two items that had never been served before - apple pie and a can of cream. Those two items caused one of the biggest arguments. I distinctly remember my mom and aunts whispering in the kitchen. “Apple pie?” one of my aunts said. “How to do with this?” I can still recall my mom’s puzzled expression at it all. If there’s one thing in this world my mom distrusts, it’s fruit-filled desserts, a no-no in our cuisine culture. “Why would you bake fruits into a dessert when you can cat them fresh?” she often says. The cream only made things worse. My mom didn’t want to hurt Johnny’s feelings. In a true act of love, she put the pie out on the dining room table, accompanied by the cream. It went mostly untouched. Nowadays, things are different. We actually have pie at Thanksgiving - my mom regularly makes pie (the fear of fruit-filled sweets continues, but desserts topped with fruits or nuts have been given the okay). We still laugh about the drama caused by Johnny’s apple pie. I’ll never forget it. It wasn’t just about the pie for me. Growing up, I: sometimes felt like an outsider because of my culture. That Thanksgiving, though, was one of the first times I realized that my family’s oddness was actually a good thing. It’s what made us. What about you? Which Thanksgiving sticks out as your most memorable one? 46．The purpose of the first paragraph is to introduce ______. A．the unique family tradition B．different kinds of baklava C．the background of the story D．the customs of Thanksgiving Day 47．Johnny’s apple pie ______. A．ruined the festival atmosphere B．challenged family traditions C．resulted in a family quarrel D．contributed to a heavy meal 48．Which of the following is the best description the author’s mom? A．Serious and honest. B．Generous and strict. C．Humorous and caring. D．Considerate and flexible. 49．What does the underlines word “oddness” in the last paragraph mean? A．Strangeness. B．Chance. C．Culture. D．Habit. 50．What does the underlined sentence imply in the last paragraph? A．The author is at ease with his family members. B．The author is aware of the importance of customs. C．Cuisine culture helps shape our identity. D．Culture shocks make a harmonious family. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题11阅读理解之记叙文 目录 第一部分 题型解码 高屋建瓴，掌握全局 第二部分 考向破译 微观解剖，精细教学 典例引领 方法透视 变式演练 考向01 细节理解题 考向02 推理判断题 考向03 主旨大意题 考向04 词义猜测题 第三部分 综合巩固 整合应用，模拟实战 题型简介 记叙文是以写人、叙事为主，以人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体形式，其特点如下：主题往往蕴含在字里行间，需要透过表面理解、领悟文字的深层含义，通过归纳概括来进行提炼；大多按时间或空间顺序展开叙述。 命题方式 高考阅读理解选材来源广泛，多源于国外英文图书、报刊、网络媒体，语言地道纯正，具有鲜明的语言文化特点。体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，涉及科普、社会、文化、地理、历史、政治、经济、人文、日常生活等领域。命题主要考查细节理解、主旨大意、词义猜测及推理判断。 解题思路 1. 读文：抓双线，理脉络：重点抓情节线和情感线。情节线按时间/事件顺序梳理5W要素（who/when/where/what/why）；情感线紧盯情绪形容词（如delighted、frustrated）、心理描写（thought/felt）和行为暗示（sighed/smiled），梳理人物情感变化。同时圈画时间词（suddenly/eventually）和转折词（but/unexpectedly），快速定位关键情节。 2. 解题：按题型，找对策 细节理解题 锁定题干关键词（如人名、时间），回文定位对应语句，注意选项与原文的同义替换，排除张冠李戴、颠倒是非的干扰项。 推理判断题 答案不能直接找，需结合原文细节+逻辑推断。关注尾段感悟句，推断作者态度或事件寓意，杜绝主观臆断和过度推理。 主旨大意题 优先看首尾段，若没有明确主旨句，可通过高频词和核心事件概括，避免仅概括局部情节的片面选项。 词义猜测题 借助转折词（but/however）、同义词、上下文语境推断，也可通过指代关系（it/this）往前找对应名词，替换验证逻辑是否通顺。 考向01 细节理解题 【例1-1】（2023·天津卷第二次）I looked through the window of the charming little violin shop, and my heart began to race. I'd been out to dinner that evening. Since it wasn't dark yet after the meal, I decided to walk home from the restaurant. I had traveled that way before, yet I had never noticed that old little shop. But that night I felt drawn to the violin shop the moment I came across it. I wiped the dirt from the window to get a better look inside. Several violins hung from the dark walls, quietly waiting to be chosen. As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past. My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. She was like, “Join the swim team, Tara. Your sister is a good swimmer;surely you will be, too. ”What she refused to acknowledge, however, was that I was visibly afraid of water. Every Saturday I begged Mom not to make me go to the swim meet, but had little chance of success. That said, with a bang of the starting gun, I would dive into the cold water with all my strength and swim to the other side of the pool as fast as I could, only to find that the other swimmers slid past me. I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts. Then came a turning point in my life the day our school orchestra( 管弦乐队)visited my class, and gave a demonstration. The drums annoyed me. The flutes(笛子)bored me. But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy. Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mom was thrilled to see me finally excited about something, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip. I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability. Before long I had won the first seat in the community orchestra … 1．What did the sight of the violins in that little shop bring to Tara's mind? A．Her miserable past. B．An unforgettable sport event. C．The stories behind the violins. D．Her childhood memory. 3．What fascinated Tara during her school orchestra's demonstration? A．The tune of the flutes. B．The beat of the drums. C．The sound of the violin. D．The manner of the musicians. 4．What enabled Tara to win the first seat in the community orchestra? A．The steady improvement in her taste. B．Her strong desire for success. C．Her natural gift for music. D．The rapid progress in her ability. 【答案】1．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者路过橱窗时，看到一把迷人的小提琴深受吸引。在游泳比赛屡次落后的情形下，我观看了学校管弦乐队举办的演奏会。在得到父母的许可下，我充满激情地练习小提琴最终成为了社区管弦乐团的首席。 1．细节理解题。由文章第三段最后一行“As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past. ”(当我的目光停留在他们身上时，我觉得自己好像在透过窗户回顾自己的过去。)和第四段第一行“My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. ”(我的童年都是我尝试追求过的爱好，其中大部分都是妈妈选择的。)可知，透过商店的小提琴作者回想起了童年。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。由文章第六段最后两句“But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy. ”( 但是小提琴…啊，小提琴。它发出了我听过的最甜美的声音！我的心随着它流动的曲调翩翩起舞。我有生以来第一次欣喜若狂。)可知是小提琴的声音令作者痴迷。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。由文章第八段第一句“I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability.”(我怀着极大的热情开始练习小提琴，并且能力迅速提升。 )可知，作者进步飞速，所以才成为首席。故选D项。 【变式1-1】（2026·天津·一模）In the glittering world of Olympic figure skating, where every move is judged under the harshest of lights, failures can be brutally exposed. It was during one such moment that Mario, a once-promising star, stumbled and fell, his dream crashing down with the thud (砰的一声) of the skate blades on the ice. The initial shock was followed by a deep sense of despair. Doubts crept in, whispering that he might never rise again. Each day seemed darker than the last, as Mario struggled to find his footing in a world that suddenly felt so alien and unforgiving of himself. But within this darkness, Mario began to forgive himself and accept the reality. He remembered the countless hours of training, the sacrifices made, and the love for the sport that had burned so brightly before. Slowly, he picked himself up, dusted off the ice shards of defeat, and began to skate again. This time, it was different. Each fall became a lesson, each mistake an opportunity for growth. He learned to embrace his failures, using them as stepping stones to greater heights. With renewed determination, Mario pushed himself harder, skating with a newfound grace and power. Finally, the day arrived when our hero stepped onto the Olympic ice once more. This time, there was no fear, only focus. As the music swelled and he began his routine, every move flowed with effortless elegance. When the final note rang out, he knew he had done it. This young man had risen from the ashes of failure and embraced success again, stronger and more brilliant than before. As the crowd erupted in applause and the athlete stood center ice, a single tear traced down his cheek. It was a tear of joy, relief, and pride — a testament to the journey he had endured. At that moment, he understood that failure was not the end, but rather a beginning — a chance to rise stronger, wiser, and more determined. And so, Mario smiled, knowing that the road ahead, no matter how bumpy, would be filled with the sweet taste of victory and the knowledge that true success comes from overcoming the toughest challenges. 1．The figure skater felt so unforgiving of himself because ________. A．he fell and crashed down B．he failed the competition C．he struggled to stand on the ice D．his skate blades tripped on the ice 2．How did the athlete adjust himself back to the ice stage? A．He embraced all the tests to the journey. B．He acknowledged the failure and cheered himself up. C．He practiced more than before and endured all pains and hurts. D．He changed himself into a stronger, smarter and more powerful man. 3．Mario is a young man with the merit of ________. A．toughness and sentiments B．hard work and elegance C．perseverance and resilience D．generosity and humility 4．What can we learn from this story? A．Failure is the mother of success. B．Chances favor the prepared mind. C．Constant dripping wears away the stone. D．What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger. 5．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Hard Training of a Figure Skater B．A Comeback from Failure in Olympic Skating C．The Harsh Judging in Olympic Figure Skating D．The Sweet Taste of Transient Victory 【答案】 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位花滑运动员经历赛场失利后，心里上一度绝望并对自己产生怀疑，但经过自我调整，最终重获辉煌的故事。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“But within this darkness, Mario began to forgive himself and accept the reality. He remembered the countless hours of training, the sacrifices made, and the love for the sport that had burned so brightly before. Slowly, he picked himself up, dusted off the ice shards of defeat, and began to skate again.(但在这黑暗之中，马里奥开始原谅自己，并接受了现实。他回想起无数的训练时光、所做出的牺牲以及曾经那炽热的对这项运动的热爱。慢慢地，他重新振作起来，拂去失败留下的冰屑，再次踏上了滑冰的旅程)”以及第四段“He learned to embrace his failures, using them as stepping stones to greater heights. With renewed determination, Mario pushed himself harder, skating with a newfound grace and power.(他学会了坦然接受失败，并将其作为通往更高峰的垫脚石。马里奥重拾决心，更加努力地鞭策自己，滑行时尽显前所未有的优雅与力量)”可知，马里奥是一位具有坚韧不拔和韧性的年轻人。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“At that moment, he understood that failure was not the end, but rather a beginning — a chance to rise stronger, wiser, and more determined. And so, Mario smiled, knowing that the road ahead, no matter how bumpy, would be filled with the sweet taste of victory and the knowledge that true success comes from overcoming the toughest challenges.(就在那一刻，他明白了失败并非终点，而是一个新的开始——这是一个让自己变得更强大、更睿智、更有决心的机会。于是，马里奥微笑着，他知道前方的道路，无论多么崎岖，都将充满胜利的甜蜜滋味，并且他会明白真正的成功来自于战胜最艰难的挑战)”以及文章讲述了一位花滑运动员经历赛场失利后，心里上一度绝望并对自己产生怀疑，但经过自我调整，最终重获辉煌的故事。可知，故事告诉我们“那些杀不死你的东西只会让你变得更强大”。故选D。 【变式1-2】（2024·天津和平·三模）The funny thing about basically doing anything is that we typically know what to do. The hard thing is actually doing it, day after day after day. The problem isn’t knowledge. The problem is willpower. Hold that thought. Last year a friend wanted to get in better shape, so he started the Hard 75 Challenge, which involves following a diet, working out twice a day for 45 minutes each session, drinking a gallon of water, reading 10 pages of a nonfiction personal development book, and taking a picture of yourself. Every day. For 75 straight days. Fail to complete any of the above on any given day? Start over. In many ways, Hard 75 is similar to a diet. As anyone who has tried knows, following a specific diet is hard. Temptation. Availability. Consistently making the right choices is hard. The same is true for exercising outdoors. It’s hard to force yourself to go for a run when your day got away from you and it’s 8 p.m. and raining and 35 degrees. If you can pull off the Hard 75, that’s awesome. But it’s really hard. And it was really hard for my friend. He started, got disappointed, got up the determination to start over, got disappointed, forced himself to start over… while he got in a little better shape, he didn’t make the progress he hoped for. Then he took a different approach. Instead of following a strict diet, he just created a few simple rules. He wanted to eat healthier, so he cut out all “white” foods (breads, white rice, potatoes, crackers, added sugar). When he went out to eat, he avoided failing to find the “right” food by just choosing the healthiest option available. And instead of following a specific exercise program, he just decided that he would always work out for at least 20 minutes every day. Most of the time he did longer workouts, but still: The only rule he had for himself was that he would work out for just at least 20 minutes a day. That way he never “failed,” never got disappointed, and never felt like he had to start over. As long as he got his 20, he was good. The same approach applies to everything. In my case, I decided I needed to drink more water and less soda. So I decided I would always drink water with meals. Within a couple days, that habit became automatic. Bottom line? Diets are bad. Having to rely on willpower is even worse. Rules, on the other hand, are easy. And great, especially when those rules help take you to the place you someday want to be. 6．We can learn about the Hard 75 Challenge that it ____. A．lasts 75 days straight without any additional efforts B．imposes demanding requirements on the participants C．requires participants to exercise on hot and rainy days D．aims to cultivate people’s ability to appreciate literature 7．The author’s friend failed to make the progress he hoped for because ____. A．he was not determined enough B．he didn’t have enough knowledge C．he made the wrong choices D．he followed a strict diet 8．What a different approach would the author’s friend took to keep fit? A．Picking his own diet and always follow it. B．Eating the healthiest foods available. C．Sticking to doing intense exercise indoors. D．Pushing himself to prolong daily workouts. 9．The author will probably disagree that ________. A．in most cases we typically know what to do B．persisting in doing something daily is hard C．we might well fail with stronger willpower D．some simple rules are easier to carry out 10．According to the passage, simple rules can ________. A．help you achieve goals by making the habit stick B．encourage people to drink enough water C．reverse the effect of relying on willpower D．prevent you from getting lost in a place 【答案】6．B 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者朋友开始“艰难75挑战”，一开始因为不够坚定失败了，后来重新调整完成了比赛。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段“Last year a friend wanted to get in better shape, so he started the Hard 75 Challenge, which involves following a diet, working out twice a day for 45 minutes each session, drinking a gallon of water, reading 10 pages of a nonfiction personal development book, and taking a picture of yourself. Every day. For 75 straight days.(去年，一位朋友想要拥有更好的身材，于是他开始了“艰难75挑战”，包括遵循饮食，每天锻炼两次，每次锻炼45分钟，喝一加仑水，阅读10页非虚构的个人发展书籍，并给自己拍一张照片。每一天。连续75天)”可知，Hard 75挑战对参与者提出了苛刻的要求。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据第八段“He started, got disappointed, got up the determination to start over, got disappointed, forced himself to start over… while he got in a little better shape, he didn’t make the progress he hoped for.(他开始了，失望了，下定决心重新开始，失望了，强迫自己重新开始……虽然他的身材有所好转，但他并没有取得他所希望的进步)”可知，作者的朋友没有取得他所希望的进步，因为他不够坚定。故选A。 8．细节理解题。根据倒数第六段“When he went out to eat, he avoided failing to find the “right” food by just choosing the healthiest option available.(当他出去吃饭时，他只选择最健康的食物，避免找不到“合适的”食物)”可知，作者的朋友吃最健康的食物来保持健康。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段“The funny thing about basically doing anything is that we typically know what to do. The hard thing is actually doing it, day after day after day. The problem isn’t knowledge. The problem is willpower. Hold that thought. (做任何事情的有趣之处在于，我们通常都知道该做什么。真正困难的是日复一日地去做。问题不在于知识。问题在于意志力。坚持这个想法)”可知，作者可能不同意有更强的意志力也可能失败的说法。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Rules, on the other hand, are easy.(另一方面，规则很简单)”以及最后一段“And great, especially when those rules help take you to the place you someday want to be. (这很好，尤其是当这些规则帮助你到达你想要的地方时)”可知，简单的规则可以帮助你通过养成习惯来实现目标。故选A。 1.快速浏览题干，找出关键词（如人名、地名、数字等）。 2.定位原文，利用关键词在文章中快速找到相关信息。 3.对比选项，将原文信息与选项进行对比，选出与原文一致的答案。 考向02 推理判断题 【例2-1】（2024·天津卷第一次）Our teacher, Miss Chevalier was a small woman, with a moon face, fatty fingers and curls that sprang straight up from her head, hence the funny name “Poodle (卷毛狗)”. She taught in our reading club. Sometimes she would look in and ask what we were reading — not to check but to know. That’s what happened the day my club was reading aloud a poem by Henry Longfellow. I guess I was better than the others, for Miss Chevalier asked a while later, “Addie, I was wondering if you would recite the whole poem to the Saturday evening’s club.” She said a famous professor was going to give a lecture about the poet, and a presentation of that poem would be a fresh way to start. She asked me to memorize it. “But that shouldn’t be a problem for a child of your ability,” she added. I’m telling you, my happy feet barely touched the ground all the way home. To me, that was the biggest thing ever and I soon learned the whole poem by heart, well prepared for our first rehearsal. I was desperately nervous when I went to her office the next day. But the good thing was she always had the smile that would make you feel like you just did something right. Halfway through the poem, Miss Chevalier stopped me and asked if I knew what “impetuous” meant. Despite her encouraging smile, I wanted to sink through the floor because I was unsure about its pronunciation as well as its meaning. Miss Chevalier pretended not to have noticed my red face and handed me a dictionary, asking me to read its definition aloud. “Impetuous has two definitions: rushing with great force or violence; acting suddenly, with little thought. ” She asked me which one fitted the poem. I read both definitions over again, trying to figure it out, but Miss Chevalier must have read my mind. “There is no wrong answer,” she said, “I want to know your opinion, Addie.” Hesitantly, I said, “Maybe… both.” She liked that. “One has to be impetuous both ways or they wouldn’t dare to face up to any challenge. Would you call yourself impetuous?” I knew she was asking for an opinion. “My mother thinks being impetuous for girls is improper, anyway.” She said my mom was somewhat right about that. “But girls should also be wise to take up challenges when needed. I believe you are such a girl.” After that, I would never call Miss Chevalier “Poodle” again. 2．Why did Addie feel happy on her way home? A．An event was going to happen. B．She was fully ready for her first rehearsal. C．She gained recognition for her performance. D．She memorized the poem sooner than others. 3．What can be learned about Miss Chevalier’s personality from the way she treated Addie? A．Caring and considerate. B．Easygoing and carefree. C．Curious and open-minded. D．Disciplined and strong-willed. 4．How did Miss Chevalier succeed in making Addie truly understand the word “impetuous”? A．By asking Addie to define it in her own way. B．By interpreting the two definitions separately. C．By consulting the dictionary for its definitions. D．By linking its definitions to Addie’s situations. 5．What is the probable reason that Addie would never call Miss Chevalier “Poodle” again? A．She followed her mother’s advice. B．She made up her mind to be a polite girl. C．She was touched by Miss Chevalier’s trust. D．She felt Miss Chevalier’s teaching funny. 【答案】 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C 2．推理判断题。由第三段中““But that shouldn’t be a problem for a child of your ability,” she added. (“但对于你这种能力的孩子来说，这应该不是问题，”她补充道)”可知，老师信任作者的朗诵能力，她感到非常高兴，C项“她的表现获得了认可”符合题意。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。由第四段中“But the good thing was she always had the smile that would make you feel like you just did something right. (但好的是，她总是面带微笑，让你觉得你做得对)”和第五段中“Despite her encouraging smile, I wanted to sink through the floor because I was unsure about its pronunciation as well as its meaning. Miss Chevalier pretended not to have noticed my red face and handed me a dictionary, asking me to read its definition aloud. (尽管她微笑着鼓励我，但我还是想沉下去，因为我不确定它的发音和含义。谢瓦利埃小姐假装没有注意到我的脸红，递给我一本词典，让我大声朗读它的定义)”可知，老师对作者很关爱和耐心指导。由此推知，老师是一个关心人和体贴的人。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。由第六段中““There is no wrong answer,” she said, “I want to know your opinion, Addie.”(“没有错误的答案，”她说，“我想知道你的意见，艾迪)”，第七段中“One has to be impetuous both ways or they wouldn’t dare to face up to any challenge. Would you call yourself impetuous? (一个人必须左右都冲动，否则他们不敢面对任何挑战。你会说自己冲动吗？)”， 第八段中“My mother thinks being impetuous for girls is improper, anyway. (不管怎样，我妈妈认为对女孩冲动是不合适的)” 和第九段“She said my mom was somewhat right about that. “But girls should also be wise to take up challenges when needed. I believe you are such a girl.”(她说我妈妈说得对。“但女孩们也应该明智地在需要时接受挑战。我相信你就是这样一个女孩。”)”可知，通过教师与作者对话的叙述，教师通过一系列问题把作者的成长背景和“impetuous”词义联系起来，使作者逐渐领悟该词词义，D项“把它的定义与艾迪的情况联系起来”符合题意。故选D项。 5．推理判断题。由第九段中“But girls should also be wise to take up challenges when needed. I believe you are such a girl. (但女孩们也应该明智地在需要时接受挑战。我相信你就是这样一个女孩)”可推知，老师的信任令作者感动，所以作者再也不会称谢瓦利埃小姐为“卷毛狗”。故选C项。 【变式2-1】（2026·天津·一模）“Men are from Mars, women from Venus” has become a convenient shorthand for every household debate, from map-reading to loading the dishwasher. Yet beneath the jokes lies a serious question: are the two sexes born with fundamentally different wiring, or have we simply repeated the story until it feels true? Two high-profile sets of scans appear to offer hard proof of a difference. British psychologist Stuart Ritchie reported in 2012 that male brains are, on average, roughly one-tenth heavier than female brains and contain more white-matter. Three years later, Israeli neuroscientist, Daphna Joel added that typical “his” or “her” circuits can’t be detected with advanced software, even though every head ultimately contains a mix of both — like shades that vary but never perfectly match passport sex. Lise Eliot, a neuroscientist at Chicago Medical School, believes such headlines are too dramatic. After re-analyzing thousands of images collected across six countries, she calls the brain “a unisex (不分性别的) organ”. The numeric gap between group averages, she insists, is no wider than the difference between male and female kidneys, and the figures fail to predict how the organ actually processes algebra, empathy or parking instructions. Put simply, size decides nothing. If body structure is not the real boss, what is? Social experience, argues The Atlantic Classic papers loved eye-catching numbers: a 1970 survey’ showed boys beating girls thirteen-to-one on the mathematics SAT, a figure once highlighted by former Harvard president Lawrence Summers as proof of natural male scientific talent. When later student groups offered girls equal laboratory hours, encouraged female teachers and rewrote textbooks to include more real-world problems, the ratio fell to three-to-one, suggesting that opportunity, not body part, writes most of the scoreboard. Margaret McCarthy, a neuropharmacologist at the University of Maryland, applauds Eliot for “forcing the debate forward”. She also notes that wiping out every sex difference would sound an extreme note. Equal, she reminds us, is not identical; biology may still whisper where society shouts. 1．Why does the author present the findings of Ritchie and Joel? A．To correct statistical errors in psychology. B．To stress the risk of single-country data sets. C．To explain boys’ bad habits in reading maps. D．To provide scan evidence of sex differences. 2．What can we infer about Daphna Joel’s research? A．Advanced software can easily tell male and female brain circuits apart. B．Everyone’s brain has a combination of male and female brain features. C．Male and female brain traits always match a person’s registered sex. D．Male and female brain circuits have no difference at all. 3．What is implied by Eliot’s re-analysis of brain volume? A．Brain size can somehow decide sex rules. B．Males do well in tackling complex tasks. C．Generation gaps outrun between-sex gaps. D．It cannot tell how a person will think or act. 4．What can we infer from the falling math score gap after 1970? A．Equal chances narrow the score gap. B．Boys are now losing interest in STEM. C．Standardized tests are no longer trusted. D．Biology still limits girls’ physics scores. 5．What might be McCarthy’s attitude to erasing sex differences? A．Favorable. B．Disapproving. C．Unclear. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过讨论男女差异的生理与社交成因，指出大脑结构差异不足以证明天生不同，机会平等更重要，但生物学因素仍不可忽视。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Two high-profile sets of scans appear to offer hard proof of a difference. British psychologist Stuart Ritchie reported in 2012 that male brains are, on average, roughly one-tenth heavier than female brains and contain more white-matter. Three years later, Israeli neuroscientist, Daphna Joel added that typical “his” or “her” circuits can’t be detected with advanced software, even though every head ultimately contains a mix of both — like shades that vary but never perfectly match passport sex.(两组备受瞩目的扫描结果似乎提供了差异的确凿证据。英国心理学家斯图尔特•里奇在2012年报告称，男性的大脑平均比女性大脑重约十分之一，且含有更多的白质。三年后，以色列神经科学家达夫纳•乔尔补充说，即使使用先进的软件，也无法检测到典型的“他的”或“她的”神经回路，尽管每个人的大脑最终都包含两者的混合——就像色调各异但永远不会与护照上的性别完全匹配)”可推知，作者展示里奇和乔尔的发现是为了提供性别差异的扫描证据。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Three years later, Israeli  neuroscientist, Daphna Joel added that typical “his” or “her” circuits  can’t be detected with advanced software, even though every head  ultimately contains a mix of both — like shades that vary but never  perfectly match passport sex.(三年后，以色列神经科学家达夫纳•乔尔补充说，即使使用先进的软件，也无法检测到典型的“他的”或“她的”神经回路，尽管每个人的大脑最终都包含两者的混合——就像色调各异但永远不会与护照上的性别完全匹配)”可推知，每个人的大脑本质上都混合了男性和女性两种特质。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Lise Eliot, a neuroscientist at Chicago Medical School, believes such headlines are too dramatic. After re-analyzing thousands of images collected across six countries, she calls the brain “a unisex (不分性别的) organ”. The numeric gap between group averages, she insists, is no wider than the difference between male and female kidneys, and the figures fail to predict how the organ actually processes algebra, empathy or parking instructions. Put simply, size decides nothing.(芝加哥医学院的神经科学家莉丝•艾略特认为这样的标题过于夸张。在重新分析了来自六个国家的数千张图像后，她称大脑为“一个不分性别的器官”。她坚持认为，群体平均值之间的数字差距并不比男性和女性肾脏之间的差异更大，而且这些数字无法预测该器官实际上如何处理代数、同理心或停车指令。简而言之，大小决定不了什么)”可推知，艾略特重新分析大脑体积后，认为大脑体积不能预测一个人将如何思考或行动。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“When later student groups offered girls equal laboratory hours, encouraged female teachers and rewrote textbooks to include more real-world problems, the ratio fell to three-to-one, suggesting that opportunity, not body part, writes most of the scoreboard.(后来，学生团体为女孩提供平等的实验室时间，鼓励女教师，并重写教科书以纳入更多现实问题，这一比例降至三比一，这表明是机会，而不是身体部位，在分数板上占据了主导地位)”可知，从1970年后数学成绩差距的缩小可以推断出，平等的机会缩小了分数差距。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Margaret McCarthy, a neuropharmacologist at the University of Maryland, applauds Eliot for “forcing the debate forward”. She also notes that wiping out every sex difference would sound an extreme note. Equal, she reminds us, is not identical; biology may still whisper where society shouts.(马里兰大学的神经药理学家玛格丽特•麦卡锡称赞艾略特“推动了辩论的进展”。她还指出，消除所有的性别差异听起来有些极端。她提醒我们，平等并不意味着相同；在社会大声疾呼的地方，生物学可能仍在低语)”可知，麦卡锡认为消除所有的性别差异听起来有些极端。由此推知，麦卡锡对消除性别差异的态度是不赞成的。故选B项。 【变式2-2】（2026·天津·一模）The 20th century was a famously fruitful time for visions of the future, but the 21st century has failed to inspire them in the same way. Science fiction writer William Gibson has called this “future fatigue”, pointing out that we barely ever make reference to the 22nd century. One reason is that most of the ideas of the future that captured people’s imaginations in the 20th century have mutated since then. Plastic, for example, once billed as the material of the future, has become an environmental and health crisis — its durability and abundance turned downsides. The dominant images of the future that we are presented with at the moment all have long histories to them. They include space colonization, dystopian artificial intelligence and a longing to bring back the past — but a past that never was. This makes sense given the climate anxiety and dread about the future felt by many people. The future has started to feel like it is closing off rather than opening out. Jean-Louis Missika, a former deputy mayor of Paris, has written that “when the future is dark, people turn to an idealised past, a lost golden age. Nostalgia (怀旧) becomes a refuge against dangers, a cocoon against the announced declines.” It’s not that absolutely no new future visions have emerged this century. But it is notable that no major, forward-looking future visions have taken root in our collective imagination since smartphones came to dominate our way of communicating. I think about the future for a living and it is my experience that unified visions of desirable futures can inspire people to bring about change. They act as motivators and imagination engines. We can use them to visualise the society we want and then commit to work towards that future. Unifying visions of the future are also effectively used in architectural pictures, ads and TV shows; Star Trek has inspired technologists for decades. We’re in a crucial transition — from fossil fuels to renewables. This can feel terrifying, but also motivating. There are plenty of hotspots of innovation today: look at the rise of rooftop solar energy in Pakistan, where households and small businesses are energetically embarking on the shift to renewables. But we lack integration: future thinking that assembles these innovations together into unified visions, puts them in a social context and then constructs from the present into the future. In my new book, I look at four future visions being developed today: more-than-human futures reimagines our relationship with nature; degrowth redesigns the role of the economy; solarpunk recharges cultural innovation; and the metaverse immerses us in vivid digital worlds. But the future doesn’t stop with these — there should be many more visions emerging. We need to seed them, grow them and see what shape they take when we tell stories of the future once again. 2．What can be learned from the passage? A．The energy shift plays a key role in future thinking. B．Looking backward helps build stronger communities. C．The absence of shared visions holds back future progress. D．Rapid technological growth has restored people’s optimism. 3．What does the author think of unified future visions? A．They are mainly reflected in science fiction works. B．They can encourage people to work for social change. C．They have been replaced by digital world experiences. D．They are less effective than individual innovative ideas. 4．Regarding the “future fatigue”, the author is ________. A．concerned B．critical C．doubtful D．approving 5．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this article? A．To explain why “future fatigue” exists. B．To promote her new book about future visions. C．To warn against widespread fatigue towards future. D．To inspire collective imagination of future narratives. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了21世纪人们缺乏对未来的憧憬这一现象，分析了原因，并强调了统一未来愿景的重要性，最后呼吁人们共同构建对未来的想象。 2．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“But we lack integration: future thinking that assembles these innovations together into unified visions, puts them in a social context and then constructs from the present into the future.(但我们缺乏整合：将所有这些创新整合成统一的愿景的未来思维，将它们置于社会背景中，然后从现在构建到未来。)”可知，我们缺乏整合，缺乏共同的愿景阻碍了未来的进步。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第五段“I think about the future for a living and it is my experience that unified visions of desirable futures can inspire people to bring about change. They act as motivators and imagination engines. We can use them to visualise the society we want and then commit to work towards that future.(我以思考未来为生，我的经验是，对理想未来的统一愿景可以激励人们带来改变。它们是激励者和想象力引擎。我们可以用它们来想象我们想要的社会，然后致力于实现那个未来。)”可知，作者认为统一的未来愿景可以鼓励人们为社会变革而努力。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But the future doesn’t stop with these — there should be many more visions emerging. We need to seed them, grow them and see what shape they take when we tell stories of the future once again.(但未来不会止步于此——应该有更多的愿景出现。我们需要播种它们，培育它们，看看当我们再次讲述未来的故事时，它们会呈现出什么样的形态。)”可知，作者对于“未来疲劳”是担忧的。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But the future doesn’t stop with these — there should be many more visions emerging. We need to seed them, grow them and see what shape they take when we tell stories of the future once again.(但未来不会止步于此——应该有更多的愿景出现。我们需要播种它们，培育它们，看看当我们再次讲述未来的故事时，它们会呈现出什么样的形态。)”可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是激发人们对未来叙事的集体想象力。故选D项。 1. 注意文章中的转折和对比：转折和对比往往暗示着作者的观点或态度的变化，是推理判断的重要线索。 2. 关注文章中的细节描述：细节描述往往能提供推理判断所需的具体信息。 3. 利用常识进行推理：在进行推理判断时，可以结合常识来辅助理解文章中的信息。 4. 避免过度推断：推理判断要基于文章中的信息，不要进行无根据的猜测或过度推断。 考向03 主旨大意题 【例3-1】 （2025·天津·高考真题）My great grandmother received the dollhouse (玩具小屋) from a family friend back in the late 1800s. It was then passed down from generation to generation. I was seven when I discovered it underneath the tree on Christmas morning. In our house, Mom set up a sewing area. I sat at her sewing machine, my feet barely reaching the presser foot. Mom bent over me, her hands on mine, gently guiding small bits of cloth under the needle to create dollhouse bedding. She also taught me to make mini-blankets. With a little paint and glue, Mom demonstrated that anything could be turned into dollhouse furniture. I learnt to view the world as a place of possibility. I spent hours of my girlhood sitting before my dollhouse, telling made-up stories, and creating miniatures (缩微模型). But eventually school activities took over, and the dollhouse was moved to the attic (阁楼). Over the next 40 years, the storytelling skills I’d practiced with the dollhouse grew into novel writing skills, and I developed a career as an author. One day, after hours of working on my fourth book, I took a break by surfing the Internet and happened to notice the beautiful dollhouses people posted on social media. They reminded me of mine. I went to the attic, brought it back to my room and started updating it. During the mindless hours of sewing and furnishing (布置家具), I listened to audiobooks about the history of dollhouses, learning that they were not invented for play. There’s a long, rich history of people in hardship turning to dollhouses to find comfort. They weren’t produced as toys until mass production became standard after 1945. This inspired me to create a novel where art saves the day. The truth was I myself needed art to save the day. Mom was then slipping away from me owing to progressive memory loss. The only topic we could discuss with any genuine joy was the update of the dollhouse. She loved retelling its history — those old memories. Mom didn’t find it strange at all that her 50-year-old daughter was updating the dollhouse. She just thought it fun and beautiful. And it was. It was a world where Mom and I were at our best together. 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Dollhouse: A Lifelong Toy B．Growing up with the Dollhouse C．The Dollhouse: More Than Just a Toy D．Dollhouse Making and Novel Writing 【答案】 5．C 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据最后一段中“The truth was I myself needed art to save the day. Mom was then slipping away from me owing to progressive memory loss. The only topic we could discuss with any genuine joy was the update of the dollhouse. She loved retelling its history — those old memories. (事实是我自己也需要艺术来拯救这一天。当时，由于记忆力逐渐衰退，妈妈正从我身边溜走。我们唯一能真正愉快地讨论的话题就是玩具小屋的更新。她喜欢重述它的历史——那些古老的记忆。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者与玩具小屋之间的故事，玩具小屋不仅仅是玩具，它承载了作者和母亲的美好回忆和情感，C项“The Dollhouse: More Than Just a Toy (玩具小屋：不仅仅是一个玩具)”概括文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选C项。 第一步：预判（读前）快速浏览首段、尾端、各段句首，对文章题材和主题方向形成预判。 第二步：验证（读中）边读边思考。 第三步：匹配（读后）排除干扰，代入验证。 【变式3-1】 （2026·天津·一模）In a town near the Potomac River, George and Anne Allen, both 82, struggle to remain in their beloved three-story house and neighborhood. Mr. Allen has had trouble walking since he broke his backbone in a fall down the stairs, and he expects to lose his driver’s license when it comes up for renewal given his physical state. Mrs. Allen recently got her foot hurt getting out of bed. Neither can climb up to change the light or bend under the sink to fix a leak. Without outside help, stores and public locations mean unimaginable hikes to them. So the Allens have banded together with their neighbors, who are equally determined to avoid being forced from their homes by dependence. Along with more than 100 communities nationwide, their group is part of a movement to make neighborhoods comfortable places to grow old in. “We are totally dependent on ourselves,” Mr. Allen said. “But I want to live in a mixed community, not just with the elderly. And as long as we can do it here, that’s what we want.” Their group has been registered as a nonprofit corporation, is setting membership dues, and is lining up providers of transportation, home repair, companionship, security and other services to meet their needs at home for as long as possible. Urban planners say this movement, organized by residents instead of government agencies, could make “aging in place” safe and affordable for a majority of elderly people. Although not the cure-all for those with complicated medical needs, the approach addresses what experts say can be a premature decision by older people to give up their homes in response to relatively small problems. As these small problems mount, sometimes accompanied by pressure from adult children, the elderly homeowner is caught off guard. Remaining at home without sufficient help is frightening. “If people don’t feel so overpowered, they don’t have to jump at precipitous decisions. Actually practices like moving into nursing homes are hard to be reversed,” said an expert. For inspiration, “aging in place” groups now pay yearly dues — $580 for an individual in exchange for the security of knowing that carpenters, chefs, computer experts or home health helpers are one phone call away. 10．Which of the following is probably the title of the passage? A．US grey band fights to stay at home B．Attention, US seniors are suffering C．At home vs Nursing home — a hard choice for US seniors D．US adult children, it’s time to care for your parents 【答案】10．A 10．主旨大意题。根据第二段“So the Allens have banded together with their neighbors, who are equally determined to avoid being forced from their homes by dependence. Along with more than 100 communities nationwide, their group is part of a movement to make neighborhoods comfortable places to grow old in.(因此，Allen夫妇与他们的邻居们团结起来，邻居们也同样决心避免因为依赖他人而被迫离开自己的家。与全国100多个社区一样，他们的团体也是致力于让社区成为老年人舒适养老之地的运动的一部分)”以及第四段“Their group has been registered as a nonprofit corporation, is setting membership dues, and is lining up providers of transportation, home repair, companionship, security and other services to meet their needs at home for as long as possible.(他们的团体已经注册为非营利性公司，正在设定会员费，并正在组织交通、房屋维修、陪伴、安全和其他服务的提供者，以满足他们在家里尽可能长时间生活的需求。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要描述了美国老年人为了能在自己家中养老，即“aging in place(就地养老)”，所做的努力和斗争。他们通过自发组织，确保自己能在熟悉的社区环境中养老，而无需被迫搬离到养老院或其他护理机构。选项A“US grey band fights to stay at home”直接反映了文章的主旨，即美国老年人为了能在自己家中养老所做的斗争。其中，“grey band”形象地描述了老年人群体，而“fights to stay at home”则准确地概括了他们的行动和目标，适合作为文章标题。故选A。 【变式3-2】（2025·天津北辰·三模）There’s been a growing movement addressing a male loneliness crisis for some time now — and rightly so. A research in the UK suggests millions of men are experiencing loneliness but suffering in silence. An estimated eight million men feel lonely at least once a week, while for nearly three million it’s a daily occurrence, according to The Jo Cox Commission on Loneliness. But it isn’t just men who are struggling. Loneliness is a problem for everyone. For some young women, it’s particularly common. Recent survey for The Belonging Forum suggests that roughly half of young women aged 18-24 feel lonely compared to 29% of the general population. Motherhood is also incredibly isolating (孤立的). One survey suggested a remarkable 90% of mums had felt lonely since giving birth. Many experts expressed their views on this topic. Grace Carter, who works for UKWritings.com, described a “gap” between her expected social life and reality. “For days or weeks, my only real interactions are random or digital — it tires me out,” she said. Dr. Ashwini Nadkarni, from Harvard University, noted declining social structures, such as the trend of families becoming smaller, and technology’s role in reducing face-to-face contact. Riani Kenyon, from Canvas, calls this conflict “ambient loneliness”. “People seek emotional bonds through AI or social media, gaining control but losing true connection.” She explained. Carter added, “Online activity hides inner emptiness. I chat and post happy photos, but miss the natural closeness I once had.” Dr Nadkarni said “Men may be less likely to acknowledge their loneliness or seek help for it.” Both experts agree the problem applies to all genders. “Research shows that over the past 20 years, social isolation has increased, and social participation and close friendships have declined,” the assistant professor added. “Ultimately, isolation is neither a personal issue nor a gender issue, it is a cultural one,” Kenyon concluded. “We need to reframe connection as a collective responsibility and explore how technology, spaces, and systems can help us feel less alone, not just more online.” This may be comforting for people like Carter, who said, “You begin to doubt whether the problem lies within yourself or if your needs exceed what others can provide. When other women express similar emotions to mine, I understand that this feeling exists not only within me, but within many of us.” 1．What is the main idea of the article? A．Men’s loneliness is more severe due to their social habits. B．Loneliness is a widespread issue affecting various groups. C．Digital technology is the primary cause of modern loneliness. D．Mothers need more support to overcome post-birth isolation. 2．How many men in the UK feel lonely on a daily basis according to Paragraph 2? A．3 million. B．8 million. C．50% of young women. D．90% of mothers. 3．Why does the author mention that 90% of mothers feel lonely after giving birth? A．To criticize the lack of family support for new mothers. B．To highlight how motherhood can worsen social isolation. C．To argue that loneliness is unique to women. D．To compare loneliness rates between mothers and fathers. 4．The term “ambient loneliness” in paragraph 3 refers to ________. A．a sense of emptiness despite frequent digital interactions B．a temporary feeling caused by busy lifestyles C．cultural pressure to hide personal struggles D．physical isolation from family members 5．What do experts suggest as a solution to loneliness? A．Teaching individuals to improve their social skills. B．Encouraging people to spend less time online. C．Addressing loneliness through social and systemic changes. D．Focusing only on rebuilding traditional social structures. 【答案】1．B 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“There’s been a growing movement addressing a male loneliness crisis for some time now — and rightly so(一直以来，针对男性孤独危机的解决行动日益增多——这也是理所当然的)”、第二段“A research in the UK suggests millions of men are experiencing loneliness but suffering in silence. An estimated eight million men feel lonely at least once a week, while for nearly three million it’s a daily occurrence, according to The Jo Cox Commission on Loneliness. But it isn’t just men who are struggling. Loneliness is a problem for everyone. For some young women, it’s particularly common. Recent survey for The Belonging Forum suggests that roughly half of young women aged 18-24 feel lonely compared to 29% of the general population. Motherhood is also incredibly isolating (孤立的). One survey suggested a remarkable 90% of mums had felt lonely since giving birth(英国的一项研究表明，数百万男性正在经历孤独，但却在默默忍受。据“乔·考克斯孤独问题委员会”的数据，预计有800万男性每周至少会感到孤独一次，而近300万男性每天都要面对这种感受。但不仅仅是男性在与孤独作斗争，孤独是每个人都面临的问题。对于一些年轻女性来说，孤独尤为常见。“归属感论坛”最近的一项调查表明，大约一半年龄在18至24岁之间的年轻女性感到孤独，相比之下，普通人群中这一比例为29%。母亲身份也极其容易让人产生孤立感。一项调查表明，高达90%的母亲自分娩以来都曾有过孤独感)”以及最后一段“We need to reframe connection as a collective responsibility and explore how technology, spaces, and systems can help us feel less alone, not just more online (我们需要将建立联系重新定义为一种集体责任，并探索技术、空间和系统如何能够帮助我们减少孤独感，而不仅仅是让我们在网络世界中更活跃)”可知，文章指孤独不仅仅是男性的问题，研究发现英国男性、年轻女性、母亲等不同群体存在孤独现象，最后一段提及解决孤独问题的方向。整体表明孤独是一个影响各个群体的普遍问题，故选B项。 考向04 词义猜测题 【例3-1】 （2023·天津·高考真题）I love making art and looking at artworks. I’ve found myself wondering how we gain pleasure from art. And now neuroaesthetics, a combination of neuroscience (神经科学) and aesthetics (美学), may provide an answer. Neuroaesthetics is a relatively young field of research on what happens in the brain when we make aesthetic assessments. Researchers use brain imaging technique to see which brain areas light up when we view paintings that we consider beautiful. Similar research has been done to understand the “neuronal fireworks” that occur when we look at inspiring sculptures, attractive faces, impressive dance, etc. But why do we find some art beautiful and other art ugly? According to research, it all comes down to the “aesthetic triad (三元组合)”. The first part of the triad is sensory-motor. This involves perceiving things like colours, shapes and movements. Movement in art has an interesting role. If you see a painting of a movement, like of a man pulling his arm away after being bitten by a dog, you feel like going through a similar experience. The part of your brain that controls your own movements lights up in response. Second is emotion-valuation. This is how a piece of art makes you feel, and whether or not you appreciate or enjoy that feeling. The part of the brain related to pleasure is activated in response to something we find beautiful. This system can be affected in fascinating ways, as found by research using transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) (经颅磁刺激). If TMS is applied to a specific part of your brain behind your forehead that is particularly important for decision-making, you suddenly like different kinds of art. Such stimulation produces significant changes in aesthetic appreciation of faces, bodies and artworks. The third part is meaning-knowledge. This is to do with how we can connect with a piece of art and what meaning we can create in it. Art is deeply personal, because when two people see the same artwork, our perception can create vastly different experiences of meaning. If we find meaning, then we often find pleasure. We also get enjoyment from the knowledge of how something was made. For the images that an artist creates, viewers will probably get far more enjoyment once they know the process used to create them. Informed by neuroaesthetics, the next time I create my art I will value the process even more, enjoying the activation of the aesthetic triad in my brain as I admire the vivid images that I have created. 1．What does “neuronal fireworks” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．A beautiful painting or sculpture. B．The lighting-up of specific brain areas. C．An advanced brain imaging technology. D．The aesthetic assessment of modern art. 【答案】1．B 1．词义猜测题。划线短语上文“Neuroaesthetics is a relatively young field of research on what happens in the brain when we make aesthetic assessments. Researchers use brain imaging technique to see which brain areas light up when we view paintings that we consider beautiful.(神经美学是一个相对年轻的研究领域，研究的是当我们进行审美评估时大脑会发生什么。研究人员使用脑成像技术来观察当我们看到我们认为美丽的画作时，大脑的哪些区域会发光。)”提出当进行审美评估，看到时美丽的画作时，我们大脑的一些区域会“发光”。划线词所在句“Similar research has been done to understand the “neuronal fireworks ” that occur when we look at inspiring sculptures, attractive faces, impressive dance, etc.(类似的研究已经完成，以了解当我们看到鼓舞人心的雕塑，迷人的面孔，令人印象深刻的舞蹈等时发生的“神经元烟花”。)”提出类似研究发现，人们在看到鼓舞人心的雕塑，迷人的面孔，令人印象深刻的舞蹈等时会产生“neuronal fireworks(神经元烟花)”。文中将两种情况进行了类比，由此推知，“neuronal fireworks(神经元烟花)”与上文中的“大脑的一些区域会‘发光’”是同一个意思，即指上文中的“The lighting-up of specific brain areas.”。故选B。 1. 构词法分析 2. 语法功能判断 3. 代入验证法 【变式4-1】 （25-26高三上·天津滨海新·月考）Officially: Iceland is no longer mosquito-free. On Oct 21, Iceland’s Natural Science Institute announced that three mosquitoes had been discovered near Reykjavik, the capital city. This marks “the first record of mosquitoes in the wild in Iceland,” Matthias Alfredson, a scientist at the institute, told CNN. Mosquitoes are common insects with over 3,700 species worldwide, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Iceland, thanks to its cold, harsh climate, was once one of only two places on Earth without mosquitoes — the other being Antarctica. However, climate change is changing that. This spring, Iceland saw record temperatures, 26. 6°C on May 15, with some areas reaching 10°C above average, according to the Icelandic Meteorological Office. Iceland isn’t alone: Hawaii lost its mosquito-free status in 1826, when mosquitoes “hitchhiked (搭便车)” there on European and American ships. They thrived in Hawaii’s warm climate, and in recent years, global warming has helped expand their range into the islands’ higher-elevation (更高海拔) forests that were once too cold for them. Even in regions where mosquitoes are common, more species are appearing as the planet warms, The Guardian reported. For example in the UK, two non-native species, one of which is the Egyptian mosquito, were discovered this year. They can spread diseases like dengue fever (登革热), which affects 100 to 400 million people annually, according to the World Health Organization. Mosquitoes depend heavily on temperature for survival: they are cold-blooded, poikilothermal (变温的), meaning their body temperature matches their environment, explained The Conversation. Mosquito larvae (幼虫) need temperatures between 7℃ and 16℃ to grow, and adults prefer temperatures over 27℃, hibernating when temperatures drop below 10℃. Besides temperature, climate change also aids mosquito spread by disrupting precipitation patterns (降水模式) — given that mosquitoes develop in stagnant, dirty water before maturing into adults, the Stanford Report noted. And floods create breeding pools for them, while droughts lead people to store water, increasing mosquito habitats, according to the World Mosquito Program, a non-profit organization run by Monash University in Australia. While mosquitoes are thriving due to climate change, other animals are being forced to move farther north as a result of the same trend, World Atlas notes. This is particularly true for Arctic species like polar bears and snowy owl (雪鸮). 1．What is the focus of Paragraph 1? A．The reason for Iceland’s mosquito-free history. B．The first discovery of mosquitoes in Iceland. C．The climate feature of Iceland’s capital. D．A scientist working in Iceland’s institute. 2．What does the underlined word “thrived” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Grew rapidly. B．Survived hardly C．Disappeared suddenly. D．Changed completely. 3．What do we know about mosquitoes’ temperature preferences from Paragraph 6? A．Adults hibernate when temperatures are above 27℃. B．Young mosquitoes need temperatures below 7℃ to grow. C．Adults thrive in temperatures higher than 27℃. D．Their body temperature remains constant in cold environments. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．More animals will enter Iceland in the future. B．Arctic species suffer most from climate change. C．Mosquitoes will continue to expand their range. D．Climate change affects animal movements differently. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Climate change increases mosquitoes’ impact on health. B．Climate change provides conditions for mosquito survival. C．Climate change spreads mosquitoes and affects other species. D．Climate change makes Iceland and Hawaii lose mosquito-free status. 【答案】 2．A 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“global warming has helped expand their range into the islands’ higher-elevation (更高海拔) forests that were once too cold for them(全球变暖使得它们的活动范围得以延伸至岛屿上那些曾经因气候寒冷而不适合它们生存的高海拔森林区域)”可知，蚊子搭船到达夏威夷后，利用那里温暖的气候“thrived”，并且近年来随着全球变暖，它们的活动范围扩大到了高海拔森林，这说明它们迅速成长。由此可知，划线词thrived与grew rapidly“迅速成长”意思一致。故选A。 1.（2025天津一模）My life experience is anything but ordinary. Raised by my hardworking single mother on Australia's Gold Coast, I was encouraged to pursue higher education. Though I ranked top academically, my passion was cooking, a path my mother hesitated to support due to its challenges. To please her, I attended university while working part-time as a chef. However, my love for the kitchen soon surpassed my studies, and I dropped out to pursue cooking full-time. Over the next 12 years, I climbed the ranks as a chef, landing head chef positions in North Queensland. Life seemed perfect — I was engaged, had great friends and enjoyed stability. Yet, a lingering restlessness (挥之不去的焦躁感) grew within me. A trip to Bali became a turning point. I realized I desired something beyond conventional (守旧) existence. Despite guilt, I walked away from my settled life, returning to my mother's home on the Gold Coast. Soon, I fell back into old patterns — working in kitchens and feeling unfulfilled. Then, Instagram changed everything. As an early user, I poured my creativity into the platform, discovering a talent for photography and storytelling. By 2012, my audience grew to 200,000 followers, and tourism boards began reaching out. Recognizing the opportunity, I quit my job to pursue travel photography and social media full-time. The early days were tough. I created a “solo influencer package”, offering brands social media content, photography and campaign reports. As a pioneer in Australia's influencer market, my services became highly popular. I traveled on and on-50 trips a year at my peak-while expanding into consulting, public speaking, and project management. Now, I run a multifaceted (多层面) business, including photography, social media, and travel. I co-founded the Travel Bootcamp, teaching others to build careers in the industry, and launched an online photography course for beginners. Next year, I'll lead my first photography tour in Zimbabwe, my wife's homeland, combining my passions with conservation and community support. My journey has been challenging yet deeply fulfilling. Money is no longer the main driver — instead, I seek meaningful experiences and opportunities to inspire others. What began as a small idea has grown into a life of adventure, creativity and purpose. 1．What does the underlined word “surpassed” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Went beyond. B．Broke up. C．Continued. D．Improved. 2．Why did the author quit his job in North Queensland? A．He wanted to make a trip to Bali. B．He didn't enjoy working in the kitchen. C．He was eager to experience more in life. D．He preferred to live a conventional life. 3．How did the author's mother treat his choice of career? A．She eventually accepted her son's choice of career. B．She never supported her son's interest in cooking. C．She encouraged him to continue his university studies. D．She was the reason why he gave up his job in Queensland. 4．What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A．Why Instagram changed the author's mindset. B．Why followers liked to read the author's posts. C．How Internet benefited millions of online users. D．How the author started a career as a solo influencer. 5．What message does the text convey? A．Big results require big ambitions. B．The future is built on great ideas. C．Bravery never goes out of fashion. D．Your heart is the birthplace of dreams. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者不平凡的人生经历，从厨师长到创业者的华丽蜕变，告诉我们要勇敢追求梦想，创造精彩生活的人生道理。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段中划线词surpassed后文的内容“and I dropped out to pursue cooking full-time. (我辍学了去做全职厨师)”可知，划线词后文提到作者选择辍学了，去做全职厨师，故可推知划线词surpassed与A项“Went beyond(超过，超越)”意思相近，因为作者对厨房的热爱很快超过了学业，因此而选择辍学，做了全职厨师。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Life seemed perfect — I was engaged, had great friends and enjoyed stability. Yet, a lingering restlessness (挥之不去的焦躁感) grew within me. A trip to Bali became a turning point. I realized I desired something beyond conventional (守旧) existence. (生活似乎很完美——我订了婚，有很好的朋友，生活也很稳定。然而，我内心却越来越感到不安。去巴厘岛旅行成为了一个转折点。我意识到我渴望超越传统的生活方式。)”可知，作者辞去在昆士兰北部的工作是因为他渴望体验更多的人生即渴望超越传统的生活方式。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Despite guilt, I walked away from my settled life, returning to my mother's home on the Gold Coast. (即使感到羞愧，但我还是离开了稳定的生活，回到了在黄金海岸的母亲的家。)”可知，作者的母亲最初希望他接受高等教育，并不支持他选择烹饪职业，但作者在放弃长期从事的烹饪职业后，回到了母亲家居住，由此可推知，作者与母亲的关系没有决裂，因此母亲最终同意了作者烹饪职业的选择。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段中的“The early days were tough. I created a “solo influencer package”, offering brands social media content, photography and campaign reports. As a pioneer in Australia's influencer market, my services became highly popular. (早期很艰难。我创建了一个“个人网红套餐”，为品牌提供社交媒体内容、摄影和宣传活动报告。作为澳大利亚网红市场的先驱，我的服务变得非常受欢迎。)”可知，本段主要讲述了作者的网络生涯的经历，即是如何开始他的个人网红职业生涯的。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“My journey has been challenging yet deeply fulfilling. Money is no longer the main driver — instead, I seek meaningful experiences and opportunities to inspire others. What began as a small idea has grown into a life of adventure, creativity and purpose. (我的旅程充满挑战却又意义深远。金钱不再是主要动力——相反，我寻求有意义的经历和机会来激励他人。一个小小的想法已经发展成为充满冒险、创造力和目标的一生。)”可知，本文传达的信息是因为作者内心渴望体验更多人生，尝试超越传统的生活方式，由此激发作者追求的人生旅程充满挑战但又极具成就感，不断地追求有意义的经历和机会。故D选项“Your heart is the birthplace of dreams. (你的内心是梦想的发源地。)”符合题意。故选D。 2.（2025·天津宝坻·二模）On the morning of the robotics competition, Jay stared at his trembling hands, haunted by last night’s argument with his teammate Leo. Their six-month project — a solar-powered rover — now sat dormant on the lab table. The fight had erupted when Leo discovered Jay secretly redesigned their code alone, fearing Leo’s part-time job distractions would compromise their work. “You think I’m deadweight?” Leo’s wounded glare, still burned Jay’s memory. Their friendship once thrived on mutual trust. In freshman year, Leo taught Jay calculus under the bleachers when bullies mocked his learning disability. Last winter, Jay spent nights debugging Leo’s programming errors before a critical demo. But senior year’s pressure warped (扭曲) their teamwork into silent competition. The competition’s first round proved disastrous. A glitch (小毛病) caused their rover to spin wildly, drawing judges’ frowns. During the lunch break, Jay found Leo hunched over a notebook, sketching (简述) a circuit (电路) diagram with familiar intensity — the same focus he’ d once used to explain quadratic equations. “I found the bug,” Leo muttered, circling a sensor code. “Your redesign ignored terrain friction variables (地球摩擦变量).” Swallowing pride, Jay whispered, “I should’ve asked for help.” Leo’s pen paused. “And I should’ve told you I was taking night shifts to pay for college apps.” Their eyes met, acknowledging unspoken fears. They worked through the break, combining Jay’s efficiency algorithms with Leo’s mechanical insights. When their rover flawlessly climbed the final obstacle course slope, the applause mattered less than Leo’s fist bump — a gesture revived from their freshman year. That evening, Jay scribbled in his journal “Friendship isn’t a solo sprint (冲刺) but a relay race — sometimes you carry the baton (接力棒), sometimes you pass it.” Psychologists affirm this observation; a 2024 MIT study found teams balancing trust and accountability outperform purely competitive groups by 63%. True friendship, the data suggests, thrives not in perfect harmony but in the courage to bridge vulnerabilities. 6．What caused the conflict between Jay and Leo? A．Academic cheating. B．Code redesign without consultation. C．Competition prize money. D．Personal insults. 7．The phrase “relay race” in last paragraph emphasizes friendship requires ________. A．physical strength B．strict rules C．alternating leadership D．audience approval 8．How did Leo help Jay in freshman year? A．Taught him calculus. B．Gave him job opportunities. C．Built a robot model. D．Organized competitions. 9．What does the rover’s success symbolize? A．Rebuilt trust through cooperation. B．Technological complexity. C．Importance of awards. D．Judges’ bias. 10．Which statement agree with the research finding? A．Individual talent guarantees success. B．Team balance improves performance. C．Friendship hinders professional growth. D．Competition eliminates vulnerability. 【答案】6．B 7．C 8．A 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jay和Leo因代码设计产生冲突后，通过合作修复问题并重建信任的故事。 6．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The fight had erupted when Leo discovered Jay secretly redesigned their code alone, fearing Leo’s part-time job distractions would compromise their work. (当Leo发现Jay独自秘密重新设计了他们的代码，担心Leo的兼职工作会干扰他们的工作时，争吵爆发了。)”可知，Jay和Leo之间冲突的原因是Jay未经商量就重新设计了代码。故选B。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Friendship isn’t a solo sprint (冲刺) but a relay race — sometimes you carry the baton (接力棒), sometimes you pass it. (友谊不是一个人的冲刺，而是一场接力赛——有时你拿着接力棒，有时你传递接力棒。)”可知，最后一段中的relay race强调友谊需要交替领导（即有时你主导，有时你传递主导权）。故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In freshman year, Leo taught Jay calculus under the bleachers when bullies mocked his learning disability. (大一的时候，当恶霸们嘲笑Jay的学习障碍时，Leo在露天看台下教Jay微积分。)”可知，Leo在大一的时候教Jay微积分。故选A。 9．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“They worked through the break, combining Jay’s efficiency algorithms with Leo’s mechanical insights. When their rover flawlessly climbed the final obstacle course slope, the applause mattered less than Leo’s fist bump — a gesture revived from their freshman year. (他们在休息期间一起工作，将Jay的效率算法与Leo的机械见解相结合。当他们的火星车完美地爬上最后一个障碍赛道的斜坡时，掌声比Leo的击拳——一个他们大一就有的动作——要次要得多。)”和第二段“Their friendship once thrived on mutual trust. In freshman year, Leo taught Jay calculus under the bleachers when bullies mocked his learning disability. Last winter, Jay spent nights debugging Leo’s programming errors before a critical demo.  (他们的友谊曾建立在彼此信任的基础上。大一时，当恶霸嘲笑杰伊有学习障碍时，利奥曾在看台底下教他微积分。去年冬天，在一场关键演示前，杰伊也曾熬夜为利奥调试编程错误。)”可知，火星车的成功象征着通过合作重建信任。故选A。 10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Psychologists affirm this observation; a 2024 MIT study found teams balancing trust and accountability outperform purely competitive groups by 63%. (心理学家证实了这一观察；麻省理工学院2024年的一项研究发现，平衡信任和责任感的团队比纯粹竞争的团队表现高出63%。)”可知，团队平衡可以提高表现这一说法与研究结果一致。故选B。 3.（2025·天津·一模）The afternoon air was thick and warm, and by the time my dad and I reached the bay, which we called a swimming palace, my clothes were damp and itchy on my skin. Dad dived into a splash, heading out toward the edge of our narrow bay. Overwhelmed, suddenly, with envy, I did what I hadn’t done in years: I held my breath and pulled my own head underwater. There, suspended beneath the glimmering (闪着微光) surface, I remembered it all — my love of diving, swimming, rivers and lakes. I knew what it was like again: to be free and fully present in my own skin. Though I’ve always loved the water, I had spent seven years prior to that day staying away from moments like this one. I was afraid. Struggling for a long time with unhelpful treatments, and the pressures of teenage girls’ appearance, I had become entirely reliant on my makeup. I needed total control over how I looked, and going swimming meant washing this control away. My bare face and natural appearance were not something I identified with. I hated it, deeply, though I wished more than anything that I didn’t. But those 10 minutes of contentment I floated within were fuel for the next chapter of my life. Suddenly, it didn’t matter how I did it. Whether through medication or mental attitude, I would find a way to have the kind of life that allowed me to div e into the water. That day was the beginning of a slow but determined journey back to my own body — a slow unlearning of my deep self-consciousness. Life didn’t change in a heartbeat: I returned to the shore with all the same fears, but I clothed myself in a new determination to change things. I felt the tide turn. Reflecting on this moment again today, it seems strange to think that going bare-faced on an empty beach was such a challenge. But this is exactly the perspective I had once dreamed of reaching. I do my best never to take for granted this freedom I have found. I will sink under the surface of the water, embracing that swell of fear and joy and liberation. 11．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．My father and I went camping. B．The weather was cool and sunny. C．What my father did inspired me. D．It was dangerous to swim in the bay. 12．The author avoided swimming for seven years because ______. A．she had no access to the bay. B．she had to receive treatments. C．she hated to reapply her makeup. D．she felt insecure without makeup. 13．What does the underlined word “it” mean in paragraph 3? A．My appearance. B．Going swimming in the sea. C．Unhelpful treatment. D．Pressure of teenage girls. 14．How did the author feel after she returned from the diving? A．Hesitant. B．Determined. C．Proud. D．Joyful. 15．What message does the author want to convey in the passage? A．You can’t judge a book by its cover. B．Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. C．Self-acceptance is the greatest gift. D．Nothing is difficult to a willing heart. 【答案】11．C 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过一次游泳的经历，重新找回自我接纳的过程。 11．推理判断题。根据第一段“Dad dived into a splash, heading out toward the edge of our narrow bay. Overwhelmed, suddenly, with envy, I did what I hadn’t done in years: I held my breath and pulled my own head underwater.(爸爸跳进水里，朝我们狭窄的海湾边缘游去。突然，我被羡慕冲昏了头脑，做了一件多年没做过的事：我屏住呼吸，把自己的头埋进水里。)”可知，父亲跳进水里游泳，这让作者很羡慕，于是作者也做了自己多年没做过的事，把头埋进了水里，所以第一段主要讲述了作者的父亲所做的事启发了作者。故选C。 12．细节理解题。根据第三段“I was afraid. Struggling for a long time with unhelpful treatments, and the pressures of teenage girls’ appearance, I had become entirely reliant on my makeup. I needed total control over how I looked, and going swimming meant washing this control away. My bare face and natural appearance were not something I identified with. I hated it, deeply, though I wished more than anything that I didn’t.(我害怕。在与无效的治疗和少女外貌压力的长期斗争中，我完全依赖于化妆。我需要完全控制自己的外表，而游泳意味着要洗掉这种控制。我讨厌自己素颜和自然的外表，尽管我最希望的就是不要讨厌它。)”可知，作者七年没游泳是因为她害怕没有化妆的自己，觉得没有安全感。故选D。 13．词句猜测题。根据第三段“I needed total control over how I looked, and going swimming meant washing this control away. My bare face and natural appearance were not something I identified with. I hated it, deeply, though I wished more than anything that I didn’t.(我需要完全控制自己的外表，而游泳意味着要洗掉这种控制。我的裸脸和自然的外表并不是我所认同的。我讨厌自己素颜和自然的外表，尽管我最希望的就是不要讨厌它。)”可知，此处的“it”指代的是前文提到的“My bare face and natural appearance”，即“我的外表”。故选A。 14．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“I returned to the shore with all the same fears, but I clothed myself in a new determination to change things. I felt the tide turn.(我带着同样的恐惧回到岸边，但我给自己穿上了一件新的决心，要改变一切。我感觉潮流在转变。)”可知，潜水之后，作者带着同样的恐惧回到岸边，但是作者下定决心要改变，即作者感觉自己是坚定的。故选B。 15．主旨大意题。通读全文，以及根据最后一段中的“But this is exactly the perspective I had once dreamed of reaching. I do my best never to take for granted this freedom I have found. I will sink under the surface of the water, embracing that swell of fear and joy and liberation.(但这正是我曾经梦想达到的视角。我会尽我所能，不把我所发现的这种自由视为理所当然。我会沉到水面以下，拥抱那股恐惧、喜悦和解放的浪潮。)”可知，作者曾经因为自己的外表而感到不自信，但是通过潜水，作者找回了自我接纳，并且觉得这是非常珍贵的，即作者想传达的是自我接纳是最伟大的礼物。故选C。 4.（2025·天津·一模）The afternoon air was thick and warm, and by the time my dad and I reached the bay, which we called a swimming palace, my clothes were damp and itchy on my skin. Dad dived into a splash, heading out toward the edge of our narrow bay. Overwhelmed, suddenly, with envy, I did what I hadn’t done in years: I held my breath and pulled my own head underwater. There, suspended beneath the glimmering (闪着微光) surface, I remembered it all — my love of diving, swimming, rivers and lakes. I knew what it was like again: to be free and fully present in my own skin. Though I’ve always loved the water, I had spent seven years prior to that day staying away from moments like this one. I was afraid. Struggling for a long time with unhelpful treatments, and the pressures of teenage girls’ appearance, I had become entirely reliant on my makeup. I needed total control over how I looked, and going swimming meant washing this control away. My bare face and natural appearance were not something I identified with. I hated it, deeply, though I wished more than anything that I didn’t. But those 10 minutes of contentment I floated within were fuel for the next chapter of my life. Suddenly, it didn’t matter how I did it. Whether through medication or mental attitude, I would find a way to have the kind of life that allowed me to dive into the water. That day was the beginning of a slow but determined journey back to my own body — a slow unlearning of my deep self-consciousness. Life didn’t change in a heartbeat: I returned to the shore with all the same fears, but I clothed myself in a new determination to change things. I felt the tide turn. Reflecting on this moment again today, it seems strange to think that going bare-faced on an empty beach was such a challenge. But this is exactly the perspective I had once dreamed of reaching. I do my best never to take for granted this freedom I have found. I will sink under the surface of the water, embracing that swell of fear and joy and liberation. 16．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．My father and I went camping. B．The weather was cool and sunny. C．What my father did inspired me. D．It was dangerous to swim in the bay. 17．The author avoided swimming for seven years because . A．she had no access to the bay. B．she had to receive treatments. C．she hated to reapply her makeup. D．she felt insecure without makeup. 18．What does the underlined word “it” mean in paragraph 3? A．My appearance. B．Going swimming in the sea. C．Unhelpful treatment. D．Pressure of teenage girls. 19．How did the author feel after she returned from the diving? A．Hesitant. B．Determined. C．Proud. D．Joyful. 20．What message does the author want to convey in the passage? A．You can’t judge a book by its cover. B．Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. C．Self-acceptance is the greatest gift. D．Nothing is difficult to a willing heart. 【答案】16．C 17．D 18．A 19．B 20．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过一次游泳的经历，重新找回自我接纳的过程。 16．推理判断题。根据第一段“Dad dived into a splash, heading out toward the edge of our narrow bay. Overwhelmed, suddenly, with envy, I did what I hadn’t done in years: I held my breath and pulled my own head underwater.(爸爸跳进水里，朝我们狭窄的海湾边缘游去。突然，我被羡慕冲昏了头脑，做了一件多年没做过的事：我屏住呼吸，把自己的头埋进水里。)”可知，父亲跳进水里游泳，这让作者很羡慕，于是作者也做了自己多年没做过的事，把头埋进了水里，所以第一段主要讲述了作者的父亲所做的事启发了作者。故选C。 17．细节理解题。根据第三段“I was afraid. Struggling for a long time with unhelpful treatments, and the pressures of teenage girls’ appearance, I had become entirely reliant on my makeup. I needed total control over how I looked, and going swimming meant washing this control away. My bare face and natural appearance were not something I identified with. I hated it, deeply, though I wished more than anything that I didn’t.(我害怕。在与无效的治疗和少女外貌压力的长期斗争中，我完全依赖于化妆。我需要完全控制自己的外表，而游泳意味着要洗掉这种控制。我讨厌自己素颜和自然的外表，尽管我最希望的就是不要讨厌它。)”可知，作者七年没游泳是因为她害怕没有化妆的自己，觉得没有安全感。故选D。 18．词句猜测题。根据第三段“I needed total control over how I looked, and going swimming meant washing this control away. My bare face and natural appearance were not something I identified with. I hated it, deeply, though I wished more than anything that I didn’t.(我需要完全控制自己的外表，而游泳意味着要洗掉这种控制。我讨厌自己素颜和自然的外表，尽管我最希望的就是不要讨厌它。)”可知，此处的“it”指代的是前文提到的“My bare face and natural appearance”，即“我的外表”。故选A。 19．推理判断题。根据第五段“I returned to the shore with all the same fears, but I clothed myself in a new determination to change things. I felt the tide turn.(我带着同样的恐惧回到岸边，但我给自己穿上了一件新的决心，要改变一切。我感觉潮流在转变。)”可知，潜水之后，作者带着同样的恐惧回到岸边，但是作者下定决心要改变，即作者感觉自己是坚定的。故选B。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But this is exactly the perspective I had once dreamed of reaching. I do my best never to take for granted this freedom I have found. I will sink under the surface of the water, embracing that swell of fear and joy and liberation.(但这正是我曾经梦想达到的视角。我会尽我所能，不把我所发现的这种自由视为理所当然。我会沉到水面以下，拥抱那股恐惧、喜悦和解放的浪潮。)”可知，作者曾经因为自己的外表而感到不自信，但是通过潜水，作者找回了自我接纳，并且觉得这是非常珍贵的，即作者想传达的是自我接纳是最伟大的礼物。故选C。 5.（2025·天津·一模）About 15 years ago, Andrew McLindon, a businessman and cyclist, was cycling in Austin, Texas. He thought of a friend’s 12-year-old son. The boy had hydrocephalus, which caused balance problems and he never knew the joy of biking. When McLindon, now 60, got home, he searched online and found a three-wheel bike with a seat belt. It was great for a child with balance issues. Soon, the boy was cycling on the street with his friends, having fun and getting exercise. McLindon also noticed his friend’s reaction. “Seeing his son playing with other kids,” McLindon said. “I’ll always remember the smile on his face.” That smile led to the McLindon Family Foundation. It gets money from donations. The group works with hospitals to find kids who can use an adaptive bike. They also make each bike fit the child’s special needs. A bike might have a headrest, a shoulder harness, a seat belt, and a steering and braking system for a caregiver at the back. These bikes cost 4,000 dollars, even with the big discount from the manufacturer. For the lucky kids who get one, it changes their lives. “We helped a 14-year-old with spinal bifida (脊柱裂),” McLindon said. “She used to spend most days on the sofa watching TV. But after getting her bike, she started training for special-needs triathlons. In a magazine interview, she said, “I always knew I could be an athlete.” So far, the foundation has given out 450 bikes. And this is just the beginning. “I do many things. I manage a lot of companies,” McLindon said. “But giving bikes to these kids is the most important thing I do.” 21．What was the main problem for the 12-year-old boy mentioned in the text? A．He couldn’t afford a bike. B．He had balance issues due to hydrocephalus. C．He didn’t like cycling. D．He lived in an area without safe cycling paths. 22．How does the McLindon Family Foundation get the funds to help children? A．By selling bikes. B．By running companies. C．From the government. D．Through donations. 23．What impact did the adaptive bike have on the 14-year-old girl with spinal bifida? A．She signed up for triathlons. B．She started training confidently. C．She became a famous athlete. D．She gave the bike away to others. 24．Which of the following is the most important thing to Andrew McLindon? A．Managing his companies. B．Promoting cycling safety. C．Giving adaptive bikes to kids. D．Raising fund for the research. 25．What can we infer from the passage about McLindon? A．He is a careless person. B．He is a creative businessman. C．He is a kind-hearted man. D．He is a strict friend. 【答案】21．B 22．D 23．B 24．C 25．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是商人兼自行车手Andrew McLindon因看到一个患有脑积水的朋友的孩子无法享受骑自行车的乐趣，而决定采取行动帮助他以及因身体问题不能骑自行车的孩子的故事。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段“The boy had hydrocephalus, which caused balance problems and he never knew the joy of biking.(这个男孩患有脑积水，导致平衡问题，他从来没有体验过骑自行车的乐趣)”可知，文中提到的那个12岁男孩的主要问题是由于脑积水有平衡问题。故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据第三段“That smile led to the McLindon Family Foundation. It gets money from donations.(这一微笑促成了麦克林顿家族基金会的成立。它从捐款中获得资金)”可知，McLindon Family Foundation通过捐款获得资金来帮助儿童，故选D。 23．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“She used to spend most days on the sofa watching TV. But after getting her bike, she started training for special-needs triathlons.(她过去大部分时间都坐在沙发上看电视。但在得到自行车后，她开始为特殊需要的铁人三项进行训练)”可知，适应性自行车对14岁脊柱裂女孩的影响是她开始自信地训练。故选B。 24．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But giving bikes to these kids is the most important thing I do.(但把自行车送给这些孩子是我做的最重要的事情)”可知，对Andrew McLindon来说最重要的是给孩子们提供适应性自行车。故选C。 25．推理判断题。根据第二段“When McLindon, now 60, got home, he searched online and found a three-wheel bike with a seat belt. It was great for a child with balance issues.(现年60岁的麦克林登回到家后，在网上搜索了一下，找到了一辆带安全带的三轮自行车。对于平衡感不好的孩子来说，这真是太棒了)”和第三段“That smile led to the McLindon Family Foundation. It gets money from donations. The group works with hospitals to find kids who can use an adaptive bike. They also make each bike fit the child’s special needs.(这一微笑促成了麦克林顿家族基金会的成立。它从捐款中获得资金。该组织与医院合作，寻找可以使用适应性自行车的孩子。他们还让每辆自行车都适合孩子的特殊需要)”可知，McLindon是热心肠的人，故选C。 6.（2025·天津红桥·一模）In 2015, Calvin Echevarria was on top of his game. He had two jobs, bought a house and was raising a 3-year-old daughter with his wife. But suddenly, it felt like it was all taken away. He could no longer work as a FedEx driver because he developed diabetic retinopathy (视网膜病)and was going blind. Calvin at first worked on developing independent living skills like walking with a stick. But he wanted to learn more — like skills that would be useful-for a job. That’s when he found Lighthouse Works in Orlando, a company that creates jobs for the visually impaired (受损的) and blind. “Seven out of ten people who are visually impaired are not in the workforce,” said Kyle Johnson, president and CEO of Lighthouse Works. “And we knew some blind peopled are highly educated. And they’re very capable people, who want to work and contribute. So, we created Lighthouse Works to help them do that.” Calvin works in the call center, where Lighthouse Works has contracts with several clients, including the Florida Department of Economic Opportunity. In his job, Calvin uses a system called JAWS to“hear”the computer he uses. The system reads the computer screen to Calvin in one ear as he listens to a customer call in his other ear. He said what makes his call center job fun is that the person on the other end of the phone doesn’t even know he’s blind. And he said working in a fully accessible office space, with other visually impaired people who can relate to him, is an added benefit. “It gives me a purpose. It makes me feel better because I can actually be proud of myself, saying, ‘I provide for my family,’” he said. 26．What can be learned about Echevarria before he got diabetic retinopathy? A．He was the best worker in his company. B．He was gifted at playing games. C．He had to work hard to support his family. D．He was satisfied with his life. 27．What is the purpose of Lighthouse Works? A．To make more profits. B．To do research on retinopathy. C．To ad the visually impaired. D．To educate the visually impaired. 28．What is the function of JAWS in Calvin’s job? A．Making him “see” the computer screen. B．Helping him hear the customer better. C．Enabling him to locate customers easily. D．Teaching him how to answer a customer. 29．What does Calvin think of working in the call center at Lighthouse Works? A．It’s too challenging for him. B．It makes him feel fulfilled and proud. C．It’s difficult to get along with his colleagues. D．It’s a temporary job to make ends meet 30．Which of the following can best sum up Calvin’s story? A．It’s never too old to learn. B．When God closes a door, he opens a window. C．A journey of one thousand miles begins with one step. D．A thousand miles of walking is better than ten years of reading. 【答案】26．D 27．C 28．A 29．B 30．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍一位突然失明的父亲想要找到一份工作供养家庭，最终在Lighthouse Works达成所愿，并且工作出色。 26．推理判断题。根据第一段“In 2015, Calvin Echevarria was on top of his game. He had two jobs, bought a housed and was raising a 3-year-old daughter with his wife. But suddenly, it felt like it was all taken away. He could no longer work as a FedEx driver because he developed diabetic retinopathy (视网膜病)and was going blind.(2005年，卡尔文·埃切瓦里亚在生活中处于巅峰。他有两份工作，买了一套房子，和妻子一起抚养一个3岁的女儿。但突然间，感觉一切都被夺走了。他不能再做联邦快递司机了，因为他得了糖尿病视网膜病变，快要失明了)”可推知，Echevarria在患病之前生，对自己的生活很满意。故选D。 27．细节理解题。根据第二段中“That’s when he found Lighthouse Works in Orlando, a company that creates jobs for the visually impaired (受损的) and blind.(就在那时，他在奥兰多找到了灯塔工厂，一家为视力受损的人和盲人创造就业机会的公司)”及第三段““Seven out of ten people who are visually impaired are not in the workforce,” said Kyle Johnson, president and CEO of Lighthouse Works. “And we knew some blind peopled are highly educated. And they’re very capable people, who want to work and contribute. So, we created Lighthouse Works to help them do that.”(灯塔工坊的总裁兼首席执行官凯尔・约翰逊表示：“十分之七的视障人士没有进入劳动力市场。我们知道，有些盲人受过高等教育。他们是非常有能力的人，他们想要工作并做出贡献。所以，我们创立了灯塔工坊来帮助他们实现这一点。”)”可知，Kyle Johnson创建Lighthouse Works是为了帮助视力受损的人，给他们提供工作机会，让他们进入劳动力市场。故选C。 28．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“In his job, Calvin uses a system called JAWS to “hear” the computer he uses. The system reads the computer screen to Calvir in one ear as he listens to a customer call in his other ear.(在他的工作中，卡尔文使用一个叫做JAWS的系统来“听”他使用的电脑。当卡尔文用一只耳朵听客户电话时，系统把电脑屏幕的信息读给他听)”可推知，JAWS的功能是读电脑屏幕上的信息给他听，也就是帮助他“看”电脑，弄清楚电脑上的信息。故选A。 29．推理判断题。根据最后一段““It gives me a purpose. It makes me feel better because I can actually be proud of myself, saying, ‘I provide for my family,’” he said.(他说：“这让我有了使命感。这让我感觉更好，因为我终于能自豪地说：‘我在养家糊口啊。’”)可推知，Calvin认为在呼叫中心工作让他感到充实和自豪。故选B。 30．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是第二段“Calvin at first worked on developing independent living skills like walking with a stick. But he wanted to learn more — like skills that would be useful-for a job. That’s when he found Lighthouse Works in Orlando, a company that creates jobs for the visually impaired (受损的) and blind.(卡尔文起初致力于培养独立生活技能，比如用拐杖走路。但他想学习更多对工作有用的技能。就在那时，他在奥兰多创立了Lighthouse Works，一家为视障人士和盲人创造就业机会的公司)”可推知，本文讲述了一位突然失明的父亲想要找到一份工作供养家庭，最终在Lighthouse Works达成所愿，并且工作出色。由此可知，B项“当上帝关上一扇门时，他会打开一扇窗。”诠释了这个故事。故选B。 7.（24-25高三下·天津·月考）I was physically destroyed the first time I rode my bike home from Costco carrying a load of groceries. The 11-mile round trip left me with dead legs and the suspicion that I had made a mistake. A month earlier, my 23-year-old minivan broke down for the last time. Rather than replace it, I decided a new “car-free” reality would encourage a healthier lifestyle. My aching muscles questioned the viability (可行性) of this plan. Three years later, I now know that giving up my car was the first step toward solving a lifelong struggle: maintaining consistent physical activity. What started as a necessity-I had no car, so I must bike became a strategy: Errands (差事) are an opportunity for exercise. I began seeking out new errands just for the exercise they would provide. Rain or shine, I became an errand-running machine. For most of my adult life, I’d been trying, and failing, to consistently exercise. Only now, as I hit my 60th birthday, did I feel I’d finally figured it out. Michelle Fortier, a physical activity psychologist, mentioned that outside motivations, like doctors warnings and weight insecurities, do not result in lasting behavior change. “That can get people started, but it will not maintain their physical activity,” Dr. Fortier said. My own behavior change, Dr. Fortier explained, was probably the result of combining two intrinsically (内在地) generated motivations that had nothing to do with body-image fears or outside pressures: I love to ride my bike, and I love the satisfaction of getting things done. Recognizing that day-to-day tasks often involve movement is an opportunity to build physical activity habits into our everyday lives. But you’d better pay attention to the pleasure principle, begin with what you like, and then work yourself into shape. 31．How did the author find his first-time biking trip to and from Costco? A．Very confusing. B．Extremely tiring. C．Rather worrying. D．Deeply embarrassing. 32．What problem did the author face before giving up his car? A．He lacked enough money to buy a new one. B．He was too busy to ride a bike to a grocery shop. C．He had difficulty in doing physical activity regularly. D．He found it challenging to drive a car over a long distance. 33．In paragraph 5, the author mentions Michelle Fortier to show _________. A．the benefits of running errands B．the challenges in behavior change C．the importance of regular exercise D．the importance of intrinsic motivations 34．What played an important role in the author’s lasting behavior change? A．A sense of satisfaction. B．Warnings from doctors. C．Tips from a psychologist. D．A fear for his growing weight. 35．What would be the best title for the text? A．How I Overcame Outside Pressures B．How I Turned My Errands into Exercise C．Why I Became a Fast-Running Machine D．Why I Dreamed of a “Car-Free” Lifestyle 【答案】31．B 32．C 33．D 34．A 35．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者放弃汽车，选择用自行车进行锻炼，并坚持了下来，收获了满足感的经历。 31．细节理解题。根据第一段“I was physically destroyed the first time I rode my bike home from Costco carrying a load of groceries. The 11-mile round trip left me with dead legs and the suspicion that I had made a mistake.(我第一次从好市多骑自行车回家，扛着一车杂货，身体就垮了。11英里的往返路程让我两条腿都累坏了，我怀疑自己犯了一个错误)”可知，作者第一次骑自行车往返于好市多，感觉非常累。故选B。 32．细节理解题。根据第二段“A month earlier, my 23-year-old minivan broke down for the last time. Rather than replace it, I decided a new “car-free” reality would encourage a healthier lifestyle. My aching muscles questioned the viability (可行性) of this plan. (一个月前，我那辆开了23年的小货车最后一次抛锚了。而不是取代它，我决定一个新的“无车”现实将鼓励更健康的生活方式。我酸痛的肌肉质疑这个计划的可行性)”可知，作者在放弃他的汽车之前，面临他很难有规律地进行体育活动。故选C。 33．推理判断题。根据第五段“Michelle Fortier, a physical activity psychologist, mentioned that outside motivations, like doctors warnings and weight insecurities, do not result in lasting behavior change. “That can get people started, but it will not maintain their physical activity, ” Dr. Fortier said.(体育活动心理学家米歇尔·福捷提到，外在动机，比如医生的警告和对体重的不安全感，不会导致持久的行为改变。“这可以让人们开始运动，但并不能维持他们的身体活动，”福捷博士说)”可知，作者提到Michelle Fortier来说明内在动机的重要性。故选D。 34．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“My own behavior change, Dr. Fortier explained, was probably the result of combining two intrinsically (内在地) generated motivations that had nothing to do with body-image fears or outside pressures: I love to ride my bike, and I love the satisfaction of getting things done.(福捷博士解释说，我自己的行为改变可能是两种内在动机结合的结果，这两种动机与对身体形象的恐惧或外界压力无关：我喜欢骑自行车，我喜欢完成任务的满足感)”可知，在作者持久的行为改变中，一种满足感起了重要作用。故选A。 35．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Three years later, I now know that giving up my car was the first step toward solving a lifelong struggle: maintaining consistent physical activity. What started as a necessity-I had no car, so I must bike became a strategy: Errands (差事) are an opportunity for exercise.(三年后，我现在知道，放弃我的车是解决一个终身难题的第一步：保持持续的体育锻炼。一开始是必需品——我没有车，所以我必须骑自行车——现在变成了一种策略：跑腿是锻炼身体的机会)”结合文章主要讲述了作者放弃汽车，选择用自行车进行锻炼，并坚持了下来，收获了满足感的经历可知，B选项“我是如何把我的差事变成锻炼的”最符合文章标题。故选B。 8.（2025·天津河西·一模）As a child, I was crazy about the art of pottery (陶艺). The way the smooth clay made beneath my fingertips, transforming into unique shapes under the gentle rotation (旋转) of the potter’s wheel, was really magical. I spent countless hours in my school’s art studio, lost in a world where creativity knew no bounds. Each piece I crafted was a labor of love, an expression of my thoughts and emotions. However, as I grew up, my once-strong passion for pottery gradually disappeared. The pressures of academic excellence, social obligations, and the uncertainty of the future pushed my artistic pursuits to the periphery (边缘) of my life. I traded in my pottery tools for textbooks and calculators, convinced that a more “practical” path was the key to a successful future. Years passed, and I found myself ensconced (安置) in a corporate job that, while financially rewarding, left me feeling unfulfilled. The boring daily routine, the endless meetings, and the constant pressure to meet targets had a bad effect on my spirit. I often found myself daydreaming about the carefree days of my childhood, when the simple act of creating something with my hands brought me so much joy. One weekend, while searching through the attic (阁楼) of my childhood home, I found a dusty box filled with my old pottery pieces. As I carefully lifted each item out of the box, memories came flooding back. I was immediately transported back to those happy days in the art studio, where time seemed to stand still and every creation was a new adventure. Holding my own pottery creation in hands, I was longing for the creative freedom I had once possessed. Without hesitation, I decided to learn pottery again. I enrolled in a local community college’s pottery class, feeling both nervous and excited as I stepped back into the world of clay and creativity. The first few sessions were challenging. My hands, once so skillful, now moved awkwardly with the clay. The muscle memory that had once come so naturally seemed to have faded with time. But I refused to be discouraged. I spent hours practicing, studying the techniques of my fellow students and instructors, and gradually, my skills began to return. As I explored in my pottery journey, I realized that it wasn’t just about creating beautiful objects. It was about reconnecting with a part of myself that I had lost along the way. It was about finding relief in the creative process, in the act of taking something formless and transforming it into something meaningful. With each new piece I created, I felt a sense of accomplishment and fulfillment that I had never experienced in my corporate career. The stress and anxiety that had bothered me for so long seemed to melt away as I focused on the simple pleasure of working with my hands. Today, pottery has once again become a part of my life. It has taught me the importance of staying true to myself, of never losing sight of the things that bring me joy and fulfillment. 36．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The author’s struggle to balance a corporate job and a creative hobby. B．How the pressures of adolescence led the author to abandon a once-loved activity. C．The author’s rediscovery of a childhood passion for pottery and its profound impact on his life. D．A comparison between the author’s corporate career and his artistic pursuits. 37．Why did the author give up pottery during adolescence? A．He lost interest in all forms of art. B．He was convinced that pottery was not a practical pursuit. C．He couldn’t afford the materials for pottery-making. D．He was too busy participating in sports activities. 38．What was the initial reaction of the author when he started the pottery class again? A．He was immediately proficient as if he had never stopped. B．He found it easy and quickly regained his old skills. C．He was confident and eager to show off his talent. D．He seemed unskilled in the pottery. 39．What is the author’s attitude towards his corporate job? A．Discontented. B．Enthusiastic. C．Indifferent. D．Satisfied. 40．It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes ______. A．staying true to one’s passions can bring a sense of fulfillment B．one should sacrifice personal interests for a successful career C．money is the most important factor in choosing a job D．creativity is only important in childhood 【答案】36．C 37．B 38．D 39．A 40．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候喜欢陶器艺术，但是随着长大逐渐放弃了这项爱好。多年过去，作者的工作无法带给作者成就感，于是作者再次尝试陶艺，从中获得了成就感和满足感。 36．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“As a child, I was crazy about the art of pottery (陶艺).(当我还是个孩子的时候，我就对陶器艺术着迷)”以及第二段“However, as I grew up, my once-strong passion for pottery gradually disappeared.(然而，随着我的成长，我对陶器曾经强烈的热情逐渐消失了)”以及最后一段“Today, pottery has once again become a part of my life. It has taught me the importance of staying true to myself, of never losing sight of the things that bring me joy and fulfillment.(今天，陶器再次成为我生活的一部分。它教会了我做真实的自己，永远不要忽视那些给我带来快乐和满足的事情的重要性。)”结合文章主要讲述了作者小时候喜欢陶器艺术，但是随着长大逐渐放弃了这项爱好。多年过去，作者的工作无法带给作者成就感，于是作者再次尝试陶艺，从中获得了成就感和满足感。可知，这篇文章的主旨是作者重新发现了童年对陶器的热爱及其对他生活的深远影响。故选C。 37．细节理解题。根据第二段“I traded in my pottery tools for textbooks and calculators, convinced that a more “practical” path was the key to a successful future.(我把我的陶器工具换成了教科书和计算器，相信一条更‘实用’的道路是通往成功未来的关键)”可知，作者在青少年时期放弃了制陶因为他确信制陶不是一项实用的追求。故选B。 38．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“The first few sessions were challenging. My hands, once so skillful, now moved awkwardly with the clay. The muscle memory that had once come so naturally seemed to have faded with time.(最初的几次训练很有挑战性。我的手，曾经是那么灵巧，现在却笨拙地移动着粘土。曾经如此自然的肌肉记忆似乎随着时间的流逝而消失了)”可知，当作者重新开始上陶艺课时，他的第一反应是他在制陶方面似乎不熟练。故选D。 39．推理判断题。根据第三段“Years passed, and I found myself ensconced (安置) in a corporate job that, while financially rewarding, left me feeling unfulfilled. The boring daily routine, the endless meetings, and the constant pressure to meet targets had a bad effect on my spirit.(多年过去了，我在一份公司工作中安身立命，这份工作虽然给我带来了经济上的回报，但却让我感到没有成就感。无聊的日常生活，没完没了的会议，以及持续不断的完成目标的压力，对我的精神产生了不好的影响)”可知，作者对自己的公司工作不满意。故选A。 40．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“With each new piece I created, I felt a sense of accomplishment and fulfillment that I had never experienced in my corporate career.(每创作一件新作品，我都有一种成就感和满足感，这是我在公司生涯中从未经历过的)”可知，作者认为忠于自己的激情可以带来成就感。故选A。 9.（2025·天津·一模）So many years after her funeral, I still remembered how I met that wrinkled, 87-year-old little lady the first day of college. She said, “Hi handsome. My name is Rose, a first year here. Can I give you a hug?” I laughed and enthusiastically responded. We became instant friends. I was always deeply absorbed in listening to this finely dressed “time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me. Over the course of the year, Rose became a campus icon and she easily made friends wherever she went. At the end of the first semester we invited Rose to speak at our football banquet (宴会). I’ll never forget what she taught us. As she began to deliver her prepared speech, she dropped her three by five cards on the floor. Frustrated and a little embarrassed, she leaned into the microphone and simply said, “I’m sorry. I gave up beer for Lent and this whiskey is killing me! I’ll never get my speech back in order so let me just tell you what I know.” As we laughed, the elderly began, “We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. There are only four secrets to staying young, being happy, and achieving success. You have to laugh and find humor every day. You’ve got to have a dream. When you lose your dreams, you die. We have so many people walking around who are dead and don’t even know it! There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. If you are nineteen years old and lie in bed for one full year and don’t do one productive thing, you will turn twenty years old. Anybody can grow older. That doesn’t take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding opportunity in change. Have no regrets. The elderly usually don’t have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do. The only people who fear death are those with regrets.” One week after graduation, Rose died peacefully in her sleep. Over two thousand college students attended her funeral in memory of the wonderful woman who taught by example that it’s never too late to be all you can possibly be. 41．What is special about Rose as a college student? A．Her fine dressing. B．Her banquet speech. C．Her humorous attitude. D．Her advanced age. 42．How did Rose give her speech? A．By drinking with the students. B．By referring to the orderly cards. C．By sharing life experience in a flexible way. D．By following the planned speech literally. 43．What is true according to Rose’s speech? A．There are many dead people walking around. B．Dreaming big and impossible contributes to youth. C．People grow up while they are aging. D．Never regretting past mistakes helps people to develop. 44．Which word can best describe the students’ attitude to Rose? A．Considerate. B．Respectful. C．Regrettable. D．Ironic. 45．What is mainly talked about in the passage? A．Growing old is compulsory while growing up is optional. B．Drinking alcohol influences one’s performance at a speech. C．There is huge gap between seniors and the young in college. D．Hugging a person contributes to new friendships in a new environment. 【答案】41．D 42．C 43．A 44．B 45．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在大学第一天遇到一位87岁的老人Rose，并与她成为朋友的故事。Rose在校园里成为名人，并在一次足球宴会上发表演讲，分享了她对保持年轻、快乐和成功的看法。文章通过Rose的故事，传达了“变老是不可避免的，但成长是可选的”这一主题。 41．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“So many years after her funeral, I still remembered how I met that wrinkled, 87-year-old little lady the first day of college.(在她去世多年后，我仍然记得我在大学第一天遇到那位满脸皱纹的87岁老太太的情景)”可知，作为大学生Rose的特殊之处在于她的高龄。故选D。 42．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“As she began to deliver her prepared speech, she dropped her three by five cards on the floor. Frustrated and a little embarrassed, she leaned into the microphone and simply said, “I’m sorry. I gave up beer for Lent and this whiskey is killing me! I’ll never get my speech back in order so let me just tell you what I know.”(当她开始发表准备好的演讲时，她把三乘五英寸的卡片掉在了地上。她感到沮丧和有点尴尬，靠近麦克风，简单地说：“对不起，我因为大斋期戒了啤酒，这威士忌可把我害惨了！我再也无法按顺序演讲了，所以让我告诉你们我所知道的。”)可推知，Rose以一种灵活的方式分享了她的生活经验。故选C。 43．细节理解题。根据文章第八段“When you lose your dreams, you die. We have so many people walking around who are dead and don’t even know it!(当你失去梦想时，你就死了。我们周围有很多人失去了梦想，但他们甚至不知道！)”可知，Rose的演讲中提到我们周围有很多人失去了梦想。故选A。 44．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Over two thousand college students attended her funeral in memory of the wonderful woman who taught by example that it’s never too late to be all you can possibly be.(两千多名大学生参加了她的葬礼，纪念这位以自身为例教导大家“成为你想成为的人永远不会太晚”的非凡女性)”可推知，学生们对Rose的态度是尊敬的。故选B。 45．主旨大意题。根据文章第八段“There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. If you are nineteen years old and lie in bed for one full year and don’t do one productive thing, you will turn twenty years old. Anybody can grow older. That doesn’t take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding opportunity in change.(变老和成长之间有很大的区别。如果你19岁，在床上躺一整年，不做任何有意义的事情，你也会变成20岁。任何人都可以变老，这不需要任何天赋或能力。关键是通过在变化中寻找机会来成长)可知，文章主要讨论了“变老是不可避免的，但成长是可选的”这一主题。故选A。 10.（2025·天津河东·一模）Every November, as Thanksgiving Day approaches, one memory comes to my mind. At my big Turkish family’s get-togethers, baklava (果仁蜜饼) is the norm at the dessert table. There’s rolled baklava, nut-filled baklava and chocolate-dipped baklava. One year, though, back when I was in high school, my cousin Johnny decided to change things up a bit. He showed up at my parents’ house for Thanksgiving with two items that had never been served before - apple pie and a can of cream. Those two items caused one of the biggest arguments. I distinctly remember my mom and aunts whispering in the kitchen. “Apple pie?” one of my aunts said. “How to do with this?” I can still recall my mom’s puzzled expression at it all. If there’s one thing in this world my mom distrusts, it’s fruit-filled desserts, a no-no in our cuisine culture. “Why would you bake fruits into a dessert when you can cat them fresh?” she often says. The cream only made things worse. My mom didn’t want to hurt Johnny’s feelings. In a true act of love, she put the pie out on the dining room table, accompanied by the cream. It went mostly untouched. Nowadays, things are different. We actually have pie at Thanksgiving - my mom regularly makes pie (the fear of fruit-filled sweets continues, but desserts topped with fruits or nuts have been given the okay). We still laugh about the drama caused by Johnny’s apple pie. I’ll never forget it. It wasn’t just about the pie for me. Growing up, I: sometimes felt like an outsider because of my culture. That Thanksgiving, though, was one of the first times I realized that my family’s oddness was actually a good thing. It’s what made us. What about you? Which Thanksgiving sticks out as your most memorable one? 46．The purpose of the first paragraph is to introduce ______. A．the unique family tradition B．different kinds of baklava C．the background of the story D．the customs of Thanksgiving Day 47．Johnny’s apple pie ______. A．ruined the festival atmosphere B．challenged family traditions C．resulted in a family quarrel D．contributed to a heavy meal 48．Which of the following is the best description the author’s mom? A．Serious and honest. B．Generous and strict. C．Humorous and caring. D．Considerate and flexible. 49．What does the underlines word “oddness” in the last paragraph mean? A．Strangeness. B．Chance. C．Culture. D．Habit. 50．What does the underlined sentence imply in the last paragraph? A．The author is at ease with his family members. B．The author is aware of the importance of customs. C．Cuisine culture helps shape our identity. D．Culture shocks make a harmonious family. 【答案】46．C 47．B 48．D 49．A 50．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章中作者回忆高中时感恩节表弟带来的苹果派引发的家庭争议，最终意识到家庭独特文化的价值。 46．推理判断题。根据第一段“Every November, as Thanksgiving Day approaches, one memory comes to my mind. At my big Turkish family’s get-togethers, baklava (果仁蜜饼) is the norm at the dessert table. There’s rolled baklava, nut-filled baklava and chocolate-dipped baklava. (每年11月，随着感恩节的临近，一段记忆浮现在我的脑海里。在我的土耳其大家庭聚会上，果仁蜜饼是甜点桌上的标配。有卷果仁蜜饼、坚果果仁蜜饼和巧克力果仁蜜饼。)”可知，作者在开篇讲述一段记忆浮现在我的脑海里，即要讲述一段回忆，因此第一段的目的是介绍接下来的故事回忆的背景。故选C。 47．细节理解题。根据第三段“Those two items caused one of the biggest arguments. I distinctly remember my mom and aunts whispering in the kitchen. (这两点引起了最大的争论之一。我清楚地记得妈妈和阿姨们在厨房里的窃窃私语。)”可知，Johnny的带来苹果派不符合我们的感恩节传统，所以引起争议。故选B。 48．推理判断题。根据第五段“My mom didn’t want to hurt Johnny’s feelings. In a true act of love, she put the pie out on the dining room table, accompanied by the cream. It went mostly untouched. (我妈妈不想伤害约翰尼的感情。出于真正的爱，她把派和奶油一起放在餐桌上。它基本上没有受到影响。)”可知，妈妈考虑到Johnny的感受，把苹果派放在餐桌上，因为妈妈灵活的处理方式，我们的感恩节也并未收到影响。由此推断妈妈是一个善解人意并且思维灵活的人。故选D。 49．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“We actually have pie at Thanksgiving—my mom regularly makes pie (the fear of fruit-filled sweets continues, but desserts topped with fruits or nuts have been given the okay). (事实上，我们在感恩节会吃馅饼——我妈妈经常做馅饼（对水果馅的甜食的恐惧仍然存在，但水果或坚果馅的甜点已经被允许了）。)”可知，我们通常在感恩节吃馅饼，但这次却打破惯例接受了Johnny的苹果派，这是一件令人费解的事，但我们对苹果派的接纳意味着我们接纳善意，这是一件美好的事情。由此推断划线单词含义是“奇怪”。故选A。 50．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It wasn’t just about the pie for me. Growing up, I: sometimes felt like an outsider because of my culture. That Thanksgiving, though, was one of the first times I realized that my family’s oddness was actually a good thing. (这不仅仅是因为那块派。成长过程中，我有时因为自己的文化背景而感到自己是个局外人。然而，那个感恩节是我第一次意识到，我家的独特之处其实是一件好事。)”可知，这种饮食文化差异正是构成他们家庭特点的一部分，也是他们家庭独特性的体现，所以划线句意思是这就是我们的特点，暗含的意思是饮食文化有助于塑造我们的身份。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $