词汇清单21 人际关系和社会交往（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

词汇清单21 人际关系和社会交往 必识核心句型 名词 apology n．道歉；谢罪 argument n．争论，辩论 communication n．交际，交流 greeting n．问候；致意 harmony n．融洽，和睦 relationship n．关系 congratulation n．祝贺，庆贺 conversation n．对话 exchange n.交换；交流 express n．快车，特快专递 expression n．表达；词句；表示；表情 relative n．亲戚 conflict n．冲突 envy n．妒忌；羡慕 brotherhood n．兄弟关系 approval n．赞许；同意 acquaintance n．交情；熟人 dilemma n．困境 dignity n．尊严；庄严 feedback n．反馈意见 engagement n．约会；婚约 empathy n．同感，共鸣，同情 compliment n．恭维；称赞 动词 apologize vi.道歉；谢罪 argue vi.争辩，争论 communicate v．交流；传达(感情、信息等) complain v．抱怨；投诉 greet vt.问候；向……致敬 misunderstand v．误会，误解 persuade vt.说服，劝说 quarrel v．争吵 trust vt.相信，信任，信赖 congratulate vt.祝贺 consult v．请教；商量 cooperate v．合作 exchange vt.交换；交流 express vt.表达；表示 forgive vt.原谅，宽恕 compromise v．妥协 embarrass v．使尴尬 envy vt．妒忌；羡慕 maintain v．保持，维持 negotiate vt.& vi.谈判；商定，达成(协议) approve vt.& vi.赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等) adore v．崇拜；敬仰 condemn vt.谴责；宣判 correspond vi.符合，相一致；相当；(与人)通信 hang out闲逛，厮混 be in harmony with...与……和谐相处/协调 break up分手；解散；结束 show respect for尊重 make up和解 be concerned for/about对……担心/关心 see sb off 给某人送行 look down upon/on轻视，看不起 care for关心，照顾；喜欢 get along/on with与……相处；进展 associate with与某人交往 keep company with和……结交 put yourself in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地lose track of 不了解……的情况，不了解……的动态 形容词副词 social adj.社会的，社交的 grateful adj.感激的，感谢的 harmonious 和谐的 modest adj.谦虚的 straightforward adj.坦诚的；简单的 optimistic adj.乐观的 pessimistic adj.悲观的 sociable adj.好交际的；友善的 interpersonal adj.人际的；人与人之间的 friendly adj. 友好的） shy adj. 害羞的 outgoing adj. 外向的） kind-hearted adj. 心地善良的 selfish adj. 自私的 close adj. 亲密的 distant adj. 疏远的 formal adj.正式的 polite adj. 有礼貌的 rude adj. 粗鲁的 helpful adj. 乐于助人的 dishonest adj. 不诚实的 considerate adj.体贴的 comfortable adj. 舒适的 awkward adj. 尴尬的 nervous adj. 紧张的 relaxed adj. 放松的 anxious adj. 焦虑的 cooperative（合作的） competitive 竞争的 supportive（支持的） 巩固提升 一. 单句语法填空 1．Whether you’re a fitness coach or a beginner, making exercise part of your daily life is (definite) beneficial to your health. 2．Lily was shocked when she heard of the (horror) news about her friend. 3．The best (judge) of how a city should be and how it should develop are the local residents themselves. 4．The restaurant manager (apology) to us for the long wait and offered a free dessert to each table. 5．Nowadays, some people are seemingly addicted to (chat) to AI. 6．A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the (lose) of cultural relics. 7．He knew he was in the wrong and wanted to (apology) for what he had done. 8．She (suffer) defeat before, so she was confident and positive when she was faced with the big challenge of losing two important players. 9．Li once created a paper-cutting artwork based on an oil painting created by a very famous artist. The oil painter was deeply impressed by the completed paper-cutting artwork, saying that Li’s artwork was better than his (origin) painting. 10．They are likely to (response) positively to your request for help. 11．They thought his (behave) was abnormal. 12．No one could be (generous) than him; he has a heart of gold. 13．I failed the test, but I felt even     (awkward) when my teacher tried to comfort me. 14．In sports, a (fail) is not the end, but a chance to learn and improve. 15．Now, this remarkable park has earned international (recognize). 16．Days ago, the research team   (seek) to collect DNA from ancient plant fossils to study climate. 17．Their daughter’s (die) had taught him humility. 18．Simply put, your body’s health is a (reflect) of your mental health. 19．Eating fresh fruits and vegetables every day is highly (benefit) to our physical and mental health. 20．He was deeply affected by the news of her (dead), burying his head in his arms and sobbing (哭泣). 二. 完成句子 1．This naughty boy can’t be so lucky as to ________ ________ ________ (逃脱……的惩罚) by his father every time. 2．When ________ (评判这个研究项目时), they encountered many difficulties with data. 3．The realization hit me like a physical blow; ______________________________ (他提交的是自己的原创作品). 4．______________________________ , I yelled that my car was on fire. (我吓坏了，确信车子马上就要爆炸). 5．Some were found alive, though they were ________ ________ (受到……的折磨) terrible injuries, but others had already stopped breathing when they were discovered. 6．Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure. However, this is ______ (远非如此). 7．She was completely ________ (不知所措，困惑) when she was lost in the street. 8．When a relationship is ________ the ________(陷于困境，濒临崩溃), people c________(相关的) may feel at a ________ what to do. 9．If you want to know more about the tour package, please ________ ________ ________ (与我们联系) this email address. 10．Shakespeare’s Macbeth (《麦克白》) _______________ (揭示了可怕的现实) of ambitious desire for power. 11．It may rain tomorrow, but we are going to have a picnic in the park ________ ________ ________ (不管怎样). 12．_______________ (社交媒体是一把双刃剑) — it can connect us with friends and family, but it can also be a source of negativity. 13．If this friendship is not worthy of being saved, how about ________________________ (放弃, 摒弃) it and moving on? 14．We need to ________ (消除) our differences before we work together effectively. 15．The family on holiday ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (正享受……的陪伴) the seabirds and the sound of the waves. 16．If you become so stressed that you can’t function properly, you should ________________ (寻求专业帮助). 17．________ (让我感到安慰的是), as I expressed my concern by his bed, my teammate told me that he trusted me. 18．A final point to consider is that while studying abroad ________ (确实有潜在的好处), young people who study in China also have a great future to look forward to! 19．Some people always talk loudly in public, ________________ (这真的很烦人). (用定语从句) 20．After scoring the winning goal in the soccer game, James ran to his teammates ________(眼睛闪着光, 脸上洋溢着喜悦). (用于读后续写神态描写) 21．This alone helps make our thoughts clearer and brings us ________ ________ ________ ________ of our problems. (更全面的了解) 22．Mr. Smithson, a leader with years of experience in the field, ____________ (将负责管理这家公司) next month. 冲刺突破 Passage 1 阅读理解 【冲突与和解】 （2025-2026学年海南中学高三上学期第四次月考英语试题） Autumn leaves may be beautiful on trees, but they become annoying once they cover the ground. Although regular raking (耙) keeps your yard clean, it often upsets you when most leaves come from a neighbor’s tree. This presents a common problem: what should you do when your neighbor’s tree litters your yard? Some people have gathered these leaves and put the pile back onto the neighbor’s yard, calling it a return to the “rightful owner.” A video of such an act caused heated debate on TikTok. Supporters believe it is the tree’s owner who should take responsibility for the leaves. “He has NO trees. He’s just returning what belongs to his neighbor.” However, many people view the action as downright rude. “Welcome to Earth, where trees are all around the neighborhood,” one comment read. Another person added, “If he went through the trouble of gathering them, then dumping (倾倒) over the fence is completely inconsiderate and unacceptable.” Manners expert Jodi RR Smith points out that having neighbors means sharing both the good and bad sides of nearby trees. “Leaves that fall on your land are your duty to handle, just as you can enjoy the tree’s shade in summer,” she noted, “the same idea applies to fruit from branches over your yard.” Instead, she suggests having a friendly talk with the neighbor. They may not even be aware of the issue and once they find the problem, they might offer to help with cleanup costs. Or, if you’re OK with some temporary yard mess, you don’t even need to rake your leaves in the first place. The United States Department of Agriculture says that leaves on the ground can create an ideal habitat for animals like lizards, insects, and frogs. Either way, it is usually best to keep your yard tidy and clean up the leaves — no matter where from. 1．What might be the reason for some people to put the leaves back to their neighbors? A．To keep their own yard clean. B．To help the neighbor rake the litters. C．To make some eye-catching TikTok videos. D．To remind the tree’s owner to be responsible. 2．What does the underline word “downright” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Hardly. B．Slightly. C．Properly. D．Totally. 3．What does Jodi RR Smith recommend? A．Build a fence wall. B．Take fruit from the tree. C．Speak to the neighbor. D．Dump the leaves back. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Are You Responsible for Your Neighbor’s Leaves? B．Handling Neighbor Issues with Kindness C．Should You Make a Video of Your Leaf Problem? D．Letting Leaves Lie: An Eco-Friendly Choice Passage 2 【合作与交流】 （2025-2026学年河北省秦皇岛市山海关第一中学高三上学期12月月考英语试卷） Imagine you’re a manager who needs to give under-performing employees productive and respectful feedback and knows they are dealing with some personal issues that have been impacting their work. How would you talk to them in an empathetic but honest way? A new study by researchers at the Stanford Accelerator for Learning explores how virtual reality can help managers develop empathetic communication skills. In the study, the participants acted as a manager in VR and engaged in a performance review with a virtual pre-recorded employee. They were asked to give critical feedback to the virtual employee as their voice and body movements were recorded. Each participant completed three study conditions. In the first condition, they had the conversation twice in a row, to see if having a chance to practice would influence their approach. In the second condition, the participant switched places after the first conversation, viewing the scene from the perspective of the employee. They received the communication (both verbal and body language) exactly as they had recorded it as the manager, before repeating it from the perspective of the manager again. In the third condition, the participant received feedback on their approach to the conversation while reviewing their interaction. The researchers collected data on measures related to empathetic communication skills, and found that using VR to practice and repeat the conversation increased the participants’ expression of understanding for the employee’s situation and the expression of emotions. They used more first-person pronouns “I” and “we” and words that express emotions. The researchers said this suggests VR is a promising way to give large numbers of managers a real-life learning experience that helps them develop these essential skills. The study has crucial implications for how to train managers more effectively. “Having the opportunity to review one’s own performance and receive feedback actually changed how people speak within a ten-minute intervention,” said Anna Queiroz, lead author of the study. “Imagine if we did that in a more structured way and measured the long-term results?” 5．How does paragraph 1 introduce the topic of the text? A．By raising a question on virtue. B．By quoting a college professor. C．By sharing a personal life story. D．By describing an imaginary scene. 6．What did the participants do in the first two conditions? A．They skipped the conversation session. B．They intentionally acted as the employee. C．They engaged in the interaction as a manager. D．They received feedback from acting celebrities. 7．In what aspect did the participants acting as managers change? A．Their language style. B．Their memory ability. C．Their reading skills. D．Their career goals. 8．What does Anna Queiroz want to highlight by raising the question? A．The implication of empathy. B．The significance of VR training. C．Advantages of feedback on performance. D．Huge demands for well-trained managers. Passage 3 阅读理解七选五 【社会关系】 （（2025-2026学年山东德州市高三下学期英语一模试题） In a time when celebrities, social media influencers, and famous personalities seem like they are just a click away, it’s easy to understand how emotional bonds with public figures have become more personal and complex than ever. 9 The term was coined in 1956 when televisions became widely available, and TV viewers began to develop the sense of false closeness with the characters on the screen. The parasocial relationships are one-sided relationships in which a person develops a strong sense of connection or familiarity with someone they don’t know, most often celebrities or media personalities. 10 They experience a bond that lacks reciprocity (互惠). There is no firm conclusion regarding why people develop parasocial relationships. 11 When so much of our time is spent online or watching TV or movies, we’re naturally likely to recognize the faces we repeatedly see and develop warm feelings for them. Another possible cause is loneliness. Some research suggests that the lonelier an individual feels, the more likely they are to engage in parasocial relationships, seeking a connection in some form, if not in real life. 12 Some researchers have found that highly social individuals who are more likely to form friendships and relationships in real life are also more likely to form parasocial relationships. There is also the belief that parasocial relationships can simply be less demanding and more fun than real-life relationships. 13 Plus the subjects of parasocial relationships are typically talented, beautiful, or funny. Originally believed to be unhealthy due to their one-sided nature, these parasocial relationships are typically harmless and, in fact, quite common. A．Other research contradicts the idea. B．They contribute to real-life relationships. C．These are known as parasocial relationships. D．Parasocial relationships can certainly have benefits. E．But one is that the human brain developed to be social. F．These relationships exist only in the mind of the individual. G．There are no conflicts or maintenance that need to be attended to. Passage 4 完形填空 （2026届湖北省武汉市高三元月调考英语试卷） Ellie had signed up for an embroidery (刺绣) class and resolved to make a 1 for her grandmother, but her excitement 2 when she saw the remaining seat next to Perfect Paula. Paula was such a know-it-all while Ellie often organised fun activities to make her colleagues laugh. Ellie constantly felt 3 beside Paula. However, soon everything 4 . Answering a call, Paula dashed off in tears. Worried, Ellie followed Paula only to find her 5 in the corner. Ellie comforted and hugged her. “Why are you being so nice to me? You can’t stand me,” Paula asked. “That’s not true,” Ellie protested, “you just 6 me because you’re so perfect.” Paula laughed through tears, “Oh, Ellie. I wish I were more like you, a (n) 7 girl.” Paula then confessed (坦白) her 8 and insecurities. She had grown up in different foster homes (寄养家庭) , always trying to 9 by being perfect. “I didn’t have a happy time until I was placed with Mary, my last adoptive mom. I 10 her everything. Now she has broken her leg, but I can’t leave my work behind to tend to her,” Paula added. Ellie suddenly realized everyone carries hidden 11 . Ellie promised to help Paula with her work during her absence while Paula encouraged Ellie to prepare for the interview presentation, which once scared Ellie, to get promoted. Ultimately Ellie 12 her embroidered memory book for Gran’s seventieth birthday. The back pages weren’t neat, with loose hanging threads — much like her own 13 . But she had learned something precious: each of us is 14 , and it is through love and 15 that we help one another shine. 1．A．scarf B．gift C．handbag D．case 2．A．faded B．streamed C．arose D．hid 3．A．competent B．dependent C．optimistic D．inadequate 4．A．arrived B．happened C．transformed D．emerged 5．A．slipping B．sobbing C．murmuring D．calling 6．A．shame B．test C．stimulate D．alert 7．A．polite B．pleasant C．smart D．ambitious 8．A．mistakes B．senses C．circumstances D．fears 9．A．take off B．fit in C．keep up D．go on 10．A．return B．offer C．owe D．show 11．A．messages B．potentials C．arrangements D．struggles 12．A．purchased B．completed C．submitted D．decorated 13．A．imperfections B．characteristics C．preferences D．prejudices 14．A．equal B．unique C．rare D．identical 15．A．passion B．perseverance C．dream D．kindness Passage 5 (2025-2026学年山东省青岛市部分学校高三上学期1月期末调研英语试题) You might be leaving some happiness on the table by doing your everyday activities all by yourself. A new study has found that almost any activity becomes more 16 when done with others. The 17 of another person makes life’s routines a little brighter. Drawing on data from over 40,000 Americans, the study showed that participants consistently viewed experiences 18 social activities as more pleasant. Generally, the effect was 19 , holding true across data collected over several years (2010, 2012, 2013, and 2021). The only exception came in 2021, when doing food-related chores with others appeared to 20 moods. Unsurprisingly, in this respect, the biggest boosts were linked to activities 21 by nature. Yet even individual hobbies such as reading saw an increase in happiness when 22 . Epley, a behavioral scientist in Chicago, observed, “This continues to show how surprisingly positive social 23 is.” The lesson, researchers suggest, is to be 24 . Schedule time with others. Even daily routines can become 25 . Catch up with a friend on the phone — social contact doesn’t always need to be face-to-face; phone calls also 26 . Or share a ride home. As Epley puts it: “Having a good life is about 27 positive experiences together until it becomes a habit.” In short, happiness may not 28 what we do, but who we do it with — a 29 that our instinct (本能) for connection remains our most reliable source of 30 . 16．A．easy B．enjoyable C．efficient D．educational 17．A．advice B．praise C．company D．help 18．A．shaping B．involving C．improving D．impacting 19．A．universal B．immediate C．direct D．predictable 20．A．reflect B．lift C．hide D．dampen 21．A．creative B．colorful C．social D．fun 22．A．discussed B．chosen C．started D．shared 23．A．relationship B．interaction C．awareness D．progress 24．A．intentional B．patient C．brave D．careful 25．A．challenges B．experiences C．tasks D．opportunities 26．A．exist B．appear C．count D．change 27．A．describing B．stringing C．mixing D．celebrating 28．A．result in B．consist of C．lie in D．begin with 29．A．reminder B．sign C．rule D．secret 30．A．courage B．pride C．hope D．joy Passage 6 语法填空 2026届山东菏泽市高三下学期一模英语试题 Forty-nine young professionals from different countries recently completed a 10-day training program in China, 1 (explore) rural revitalization practices in Yunnan. The program, co-launched by China Agricultural University and Tencent, aimed to share China’s experience in rural development with global 2 (young). During their visit to Mengla County, Yunnan, the 3 (participant) were impressed by the “agri-tourism integration” model in Hebian Village. They learned how Yao ethnic group’s wooden houses 4 (transform) into cozy guesthouses, and how villagers now earn income from rubber tapping, beekeeping, and home-stay management. “We used to think rural areas could only rely on farming,” said Mirembe from Uganda. “But here, culture and nature become treasures — this gives us new ideas 5 our villages.” They also visited a smart coffee estate in Jinghong, 6 AI and drones are used for pest control and yield prediction. Hakim from Indonesia, who runs a coffee workshop, noted: “China’s way of connecting small farmers to big markets via live-streaming is eye-opening. We can adapt this to sell our Indonesian coffee 7 (global).” A key takeaway was China’s focus on “farmer-centered development”. In Manluanzhan Village, the group saw how 8 (abandon) water towers were turned into cafes, and how local villagers lead decision-making for tourism projects. “China doesn’t just build pretty villages — it empowers people to own the development,” said Mumbi from Kenya. The program ended with a 9 (commit) to apply these lessons at home. As Tanzanian participant Aboli put it: “China’s rural revitalization isn’t a copy-paste model, 10 a mindset of using local strengths. That’s what we need to take back.” Passage 7 读后续写 (2025-2026年山东德州市高三下学期英语一模试题) Helen was old and had trouble walking. The first time I saw her, I had just moved to the new neighbourhood. A neighbor warned, “Everybody here is nice except her. Keep your distance.” I was optimistic — I wouldn’t judge my unknown neighbor. One morning, I waved at her enthusiastically, but she just stared at me and turned away, leaving me annoyed. “Forget her,” I thought. I avoided Helen since then for the next 15 years, even though we lived within 50 feet. Once, I saw her shout at a teen whose bike blocked her driveway — the fight got so heated the police were called. We never spoke or even looked at each other until my 40th birthday. I planned a big gathering, inviting my mom and many friends. On the party day, friends’ cars packed the road, some occupying a corner of the entrance to Helen’s driveway. Helen began to scream angrily. When I apologized and explained the circumstances, she became combative (好斗的). “I’m not going to allow this. I will call the police every ten minutes.” She was to make the day hard. My mother was nearing seventy. She took control of the situation. She headed across the street, walked slowly using her cane (拐杖) and approached Helen. From a distance, I watched anxiously. I was afraid Helen was about to hit my mom. But she did not. My mother returned after twenty minutes. She told me Helen had been worried that she wouldn’t be able to get her car out quickly in an emergency. My mother assured her we would all help if needed. Mother also learned that Helen lived alone because she lost all her family in a car accident — a tragedy (悲剧) I’d never known about. My mother spoke of Helen without complaint, but with quiet empathy. But all I could think was that as long as Helen didn’t cause any more trouble that day, I’d be content. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 And Mom insisted that we invite Helen to the party. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I had expected the talk in the party with Helen to be brief. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 8 (2025-2026学年福建福州市高三年级下学期三月质量检测英语试题) Around 15 years ago, I was working at a Veterans’ Home (老兵之家) in a small town which was not far from my home. It was a nice care home and everyone there was well treated. We had an elderly gentleman, John, who had been a soldier. He was lovely but a little lonely because his wife passed away last year and he had no children. We tried our best to cheer him up — planning small activities and checking on him regularly—but John still felt lonely. The only time he felt a little better was during his daily walk in the park nearby. That slow walk with his walking stick would lead him to an old oak tree, where he’d sit on the bench to miss his wife, finding a little peace in his lonely days. One summer day, John came back to the care home looking clearly upset. We soon found out what was wrong: a group of teenagers wearing hoods(兜帽) had been hanging around the park. They rushed around, talking loudly. Their rude behavior made him feel uneasy and even a little annoyed. That quiet place he’d ever loved was no longer peaceful. For several days, John didn’t go there for his walks. But he missed that daily walk so badly—he couldn’t stand giving up the only thing that brought him comfort. Days later, John approached me with a determined look. “I need to handle this myself,” he said firmly, “that’s what an old soldier does.” With that, he grabbed his walking stick and headed towards the park before I could react. Concerned about his safety, I handed over my duties to a colleague, and then followed him quietly, wondering what might happen. When arriving at the park, what I witnessed was far beyond imagination. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 John stood among the teens—not angry, not demanding, but calm. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The next day, the teens visited the care home as invited. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 词汇清单21 人际关系和社会交往 必识核心句型 名词 apology n．道歉；谢罪 argument n．争论，辩论 communication n．交际，交流 greeting n．问候；致意 harmony n．融洽，和睦 relationship n．关系 congratulation n．祝贺，庆贺 conversation n．对话 exchange n.交换；交流 express n．快车，特快专递 expression n．表达；词句；表示；表情 relative n．亲戚 conflict n．冲突 envy n．妒忌；羡慕 brotherhood n．兄弟关系 approval n．赞许；同意 acquaintance n．交情；熟人 dilemma n．困境 dignity n．尊严；庄严 feedback n．反馈意见 engagement n．约会；婚约 empathy n．同感，共鸣，同情 compliment n．恭维；称赞 动词 apologize vi.道歉；谢罪 argue vi.争辩，争论 communicate v．交流；传达(感情、信息等) complain v．抱怨；投诉 greet vt.问候；向……致敬 misunderstand v．误会，误解 persuade vt.说服，劝说 quarrel v．争吵 trust vt.相信，信任，信赖 congratulate vt.祝贺 consult v．请教；商量 cooperate v．合作 exchange vt.交换；交流 express vt.表达；表示 forgive vt.原谅，宽恕 compromise v．妥协 embarrass v．使尴尬 envy vt．妒忌；羡慕 maintain v．保持，维持 negotiate vt.& vi.谈判；商定，达成(协议) approve vt.& vi.赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等) adore v．崇拜；敬仰 condemn vt.谴责；宣判 correspond vi.符合，相一致；相当；(与人)通信 hang out闲逛，厮混 be in harmony with...与……和谐相处/协调 break up分手；解散；结束 show respect for尊重 make up和解 be concerned for/about对……担心/关心 see sb off 给某人送行 look down upon/on轻视，看不起 care for关心，照顾；喜欢 get along/on with与……相处；进展 associate with与某人交往 keep company with和……结交 put yourself in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地lose track of 不了解……的情况，不了解……的动态 形容词副词 social adj.社会的，社交的 grateful adj.感激的，感谢的 harmonious 和谐的 modest adj.谦虚的 straightforward adj.坦诚的；简单的 optimistic adj.乐观的 pessimistic adj.悲观的 sociable adj.好交际的；友善的 interpersonal adj.人际的；人与人之间的 friendly adj. 友好的） shy adj. 害羞的 outgoing adj. 外向的） kind-hearted adj. 心地善良的 selfish adj. 自私的 close adj. 亲密的 distant adj. 疏远的 formal adj.正式的 polite adj. 有礼貌的 rude adj. 粗鲁的 helpful adj. 乐于助人的 dishonest adj. 不诚实的 considerate adj.体贴的 comfortable adj. 舒适的 awkward adj. 尴尬的 nervous adj. 紧张的 relaxed adj. 放松的 anxious adj. 焦虑的 cooperative（合作的） competitive 竞争的 supportive（支持的） 巩固提升 一. 单句语法填空 1．Whether you’re a fitness coach or a beginner, making exercise part of your daily life is (definite) beneficial to your health. 【答案】definitely 【详解】考查副词。句意：无论你是健身教练还是初学者，把锻炼作为日常生活的一部分，这肯定对你的健康有益。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰形容词beneficial，应用副词形式definitely，表“肯定地”，在句中作状语，符合语境。故填definitely。 2．Lily was shocked when she heard of the (horror) news about her friend. 【答案】horrible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当莉莉听到关于她朋友的那则令人震惊的噩耗时，她感到非常震惊。名词news前用形容词修饰，horror的形容词形式为horrible，为“震惊的”之意，作定语。故填horrible。 3．The best (judge) of how a city should be and how it should develop are the local residents themselves. 【答案】judges 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：评判一座城市应如何建设以及应如何发展的最佳标准，恰恰在于当地的居民自身。根据后文are可知主语为复数。故填judges。 4．The restaurant manager (apology) to us for the long wait and offered a free dessert to each table. 【答案】apologized 【详解】考查时态。句意： 餐厅经理为长时间的等待向我们道了歉，并为每桌提供了一份免费甜点。作谓语，用动词apologize，根据并列谓语offered可知，描述过去发生的事件，应用一般过去时。故填apologized。 5．Nowadays, some people are seemingly addicted to (chat) to AI. 【答案】chatting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，有一些人似乎对与人工智能聊天产生了依赖。短语be addicted to doing sth.表示“沉迷于做某事”。故填chatting。 6．A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the (lose) of cultural relics. 【答案】loss 【详解】考查名词。句意：为了限制对埃及建筑的破坏，并防止文物的丢失，成立了一个委员会。根据“the ____ of”可知，此空是名词loss，意为“丢失，损失”，作宾语。故填loss。 7．He knew he was in the wrong and wanted to (apology) for what he had done. 【答案】apologize 【详解】考查动词。句意：他知道自己错了，想为自己所做的事道歉。根据空前wanted to可知，此处是固定搭配want to do sth.“想要做某事”，所以空处应填动词原形apologize，与to构成不定式。故填apologize。 8．She (suffer) defeat before, so she was confident and positive when she was faced with the big challenge of losing two important players. 【答案】had suffered 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：她以前经历过失败，所以当面临失去两名重要球员的巨大挑战时，她自信且积极。根据“before”以及“was confident and positive”可知，她“遭受失败”这一动作发生在“她自信且积极”之前，也就是发生在过去的过去，因此需要用过去完成时。过去完成时的结构是“had + 过去分词”。故填had suffered。 9．Li once created a paper-cutting artwork based on an oil painting created by a very famous artist. The oil painter was deeply impressed by the completed paper-cutting artwork, saying that Li’s artwork was better than his (origin) painting. 【答案】original 【详解】考查形容词。句意：李曾根据一位著名画家创作的一幅油画作品创作了一幅剪纸作品。这位油画家对完成的剪纸作品印象深刻，他称赞说李的作品比他原来的画作还要出色。此处修饰名词painting，应用形容词original“最初的，原始的”，作定语。故填original。 10．They are likely to (response) positively to your request for help. 【答案】respond 【详解】考查动词。句意：他们很可能对你的求助做出积极回应。根据固定搭配“be likely to do”可知，此空应是动词原形respond，意为“回应，作出反应”。故填respond。 11．They thought his (behave) was abnormal. 【答案】behaviour 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们认为他的行为很反常。设空处由形容词性物主代词his修饰，应填名词，在省略that引导的宾语从句中作主语，所给提示词behave为动词，其名词形式为behaviour。故填behaviour。 12．No one could be (generous) than him; he has a heart of gold. 【答案】more generous 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：没有人能比他更慷慨了，他有一颗金子般的心。根据than可知，此处应用比较级，generous为多音节词，其比较级为more generous。故填more generous。 13．I failed the test, but I felt even     (awkward) when my teacher tried to comfort me. 【答案】more awkward 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：我考试没及格，但当老师试图安慰我时，我感觉更尴尬了。根据“even (用来修饰比较级，表示“更……”)”可知，此处应是形容词比较级more awkward，作表语。故填more awkward。 14．In sports, a (fail) is not the end, but a chance to learn and improve. 【答案】failure 【详解】考查名词。句意：在体育运动中，一次失败不是终点，而是一个学习和提升的机会。a后接可数名词单数，fail是动词，其名词形式为failure，意为“失败”，在句中作主语。故填failure。 15．Now, this remarkable park has earned international (recognize). 【答案】recognition 【详解】考查名词。句意：如今，这个非凡的公园已赢得了国际认可。及物动词earn后缺少宾语，应用名词形式；recognize的名词形式为recognition，意为“认可，承认”，为不可数名词。故填recognition。 16．Days ago, the research team   (seek) to collect DNA from ancient plant fossils to study climate. 【答案】sought 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：几天前，研究团队试图从古代植物化石中提取DNA来研究气候。时间状语Days ago表示过去的时间，用一般过去时，动词seek的过去式是sought，故填sought。 17．Their daughter’s (die) had taught him humility. 【答案】death 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们女儿的离世让他懂得了谦卑。此处应用名词death作主语，不可数名词，故填death。 18．Simply put, your body’s health is a (reflect) of your mental health. 【答案】reflection 【详解】考查名词。句意：简单地说，你身体的健康是你心理健康的反映。根据句意及空前的a和空后的of可知，空处应用名词reflection，作表语，表示“反映”，且此处用单数形式。故填reflection。 19．Eating fresh fruits and vegetables every day is highly (benefit) to our physical and mental health. 【答案】beneficial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：每天吃新鲜的水果和蔬菜对我们的身心健康非常有益。根据句子结构和副词highly可知，此处需要填形容词作表语；固定搭配be beneficial to... 表示“对……有益”，故填beneficial。 20．He was deeply affected by the news of her (dead), burying his head in his arms and sobbing (哭泣). 【答案】death 【详解】考查名词。句意：他听闻她去世的消息后深受打击，双膝跪地，抱头痛哭起来。作介词的宾语，用名词death，不可数。故填death。 二. 完成句子 1．This naughty boy can’t be so lucky as to ________ ________ ________ (逃脱……的惩罚) by his father every time. 【答案】 escape being punished 【详解】考查不定式和动名词的被动式。句意：这个淘气的男孩不可能每次都逃过他父亲的惩罚。“逃脱”是escape，escape后跟动名词作宾语，“惩罚”是punish，男孩是被惩罚，因此用escape being punished，so lucky as to do sth.是固定短语，意为“如此幸运地做某事”，因此escape用原形，因此空格处是escape being  punished。故填escape，being，punished。 2．When ________ (评判这个研究项目时), they encountered many difficulties with data. 【答案】judging the research project 【详解】考查动词和状语从句的省略。句意：在评判这个研究项目时，他们在数据方面遇到了许多困难。“评判”可译为 judge，“研究项目”译为 the research project。此处可用状语从句的省略，完整的从句为when they were judging the research project，省略主语they和be动词were，保留现在分词judging。故填judging the research project。 3．The realization hit me like a physical blow; ______________________________ (他提交的是自己的原创作品).【答案】his submission had been his own original project 【详解】考查时态和形容词。句意：这个认知对我来说如同当头一棒；他提交的是他自己的原创作品。表示“他提交的”应用his submission；表示“是”应用be，此处指过去某动作之前已经完成的状态，应用过去完成时 had been；表示“自己的”应用形容词 own；表示“原创的”应用形容词 original；表示“作品”应用名词 project。故填 his submission had been his own original project。 4．______________________________ , I yelled that my car was on fire. (我吓坏了，确信车子马上就要爆炸). 【答案】Terrified, and certain the car was about to explode 【详解】考查形容词和短语。句意：我惊恐万分，确信汽车就要爆炸了，于是大声喊道：“我的车着火了！”表示“吓坏了”用形容词terrified；表示“确信”用形容词certain；表示“车子马上就要爆炸”用名词car作主语；表示“马上就要爆炸”用be about to explode，此处为过去将来时。故填Terrified, and certain the car was about to explode。 5．Some were found alive, though they were ________ ________ (受到……的折磨) terrible injuries, but others had already stopped breathing when they were discovered. 【答案】 suffering from 【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。句意：有些人被发现时还活着，尽管他们正遭受着严重的伤痛，但另一些人在被发现时已经停止了呼吸。“受到……的折磨”应该用固定搭配suffer from表示；动词suffer与句子的主语they之间是主动关系，根据空格前的were可知，suffer应该用现在分词形式suffering构成过去进行时。故填suffering； from。 6．Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure. However, this is ______ (远非如此). 【答案】far from the case 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：考虑到袁的杂交水稻让他相当富有，有人可能会认为他会退休过悠闲的生活。然而，情况远非如此。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用介词短语far from the case。故填far from the case。 7．She was completely ________ (不知所措，困惑) when she was lost in the street. 【答案】at a loss 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：当她在街上迷路时，她完全不知所措。“不知所措，困惑”作表语，表明主语She的心理状态，用介词短语at a loss。故填at a loss。 8．When a relationship is ________ the ________(陷于困境，濒临崩溃), people c________(相关的) may feel at a ________ what to do. 【答案】 on rocks concerned/concerned loss/oss 【详解】考查短语和形容词。句意：当一段关系濒临破裂时，相关的人可能会感到不知所措，不知道该如何是好。表示“ 陷于困境”用on the rocks，为固定短语；表示“相关的”为concerned，形容词作后置定语；表示“不知所措做某事”用at a loss what to do。故填①on②rocks③concerned④loss。 9．If you want to know more about the tour package, please ________ ________ ________ (与我们联系) this email address. 【答案】 contact us at 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：如果你想了解更多关于旅行套餐的信息，请通过这个邮箱地址与我们联系。根据汉语提示“与我们联系”及空后“this email address”可知，“与某人联系”常用短语contact sb.，“通过某个邮箱地址”需用介词at连接；句子为祈使句，“please”后接动词原形。故填①contact；②us；③at。 10．Shakespeare’s Macbeth (《麦克白》) _______________ (揭示了可怕的现实) of ambitious desire for power. 【答案】reveals the horrible reality 【详解】考查动词、形容词和名词。句意：莎士比亚的《麦克白》揭示了野心勃勃的权力欲望的可怕现实。“揭示”作谓语，使用动词reveal，句子是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，主语Shakespeare’s Macbeth表示单数意义，谓语动词使用三单形式reveals，定语“可怕的”使用形容词horrible，宾语“现实”使用名词reality。故填reveals the horrible reality。 11．It may rain tomorrow, but we are going to have a picnic in the park ________ ________ ________ (不管怎样). 【答案】 in any case 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：明天可能会下雨，但不管怎样我们都要去公园野餐。根据提示的汉语，表示“不管怎样”为固定短语in any case。故填①in②any③case。 12．_______________ (社交媒体是一把双刃剑) — it can connect us with friends and family, but it can also be a source of negativity. 【答案】Social media is a coin with two sides 【详解】考查动词、名词和固定短语。句意：社交媒体是一把双刃剑——它可以将我们与朋友和家人联系起来，但也可能成为负面情绪的来源。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“社交媒体”应用social media，在本句中作主语；表示“是”应用is，为一般现在时表客观情况；表示“一把双刃剑”可用a coin with two sides，在本句中作表语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Social media is a coin with two sides。 13．If this friendship is not worthy of being saved, how about ________________________ (放弃, 摒弃) it and moving on? 【答案】letting go of 【详解】考查动词短语与固定句型。句意：如果这段友谊不值得被拯救，那么放手它并继续前进怎么样？。根据汉语提示可知短语为let go of，“how about doing sth?”意为“……怎么样？”表示建议，设空处填动名词形式。故填letting go of。 14．We need to ________ (消除) our differences before we work together effectively. 【答案】smooth out 【详解】考查短语。句意：我们需要先消除分歧，才能有效地合作。“消除”为固定搭配smooth out。need to do sth.“需要做某事。故填smooth out。 15．The family on holiday ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (正享受……的陪伴) the seabirds and the sound of the waves. 【答案】 are enjoying the company of 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意：度假的一家人享受着海鸟的陪伴和海浪的声音。根据汉语提示“正享受”，可知需用现在进行时（be + doing）。主语“The family”此处指“一家人”，为复数概念，故 be 动词用 “are”。“享受”译为“enjoy”，现在分词形式为 “enjoying”；“…… 的陪伴”固定表达为“the company of”（“company”为不可数名词，表 “陪伴”），后接对象“the seabirds and the sound of the waves”（海鸟和海浪声）。故分别填are；enjoying；the；company；of。 16．If you become so stressed that you can’t function properly, you should ________________ (寻求专业帮助). 【答案】seek professional help 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：如果你因压力过大而无法正常行事，那么你就应该寻求专业帮助。“寻求”为动词seek，情态动词should后跟动词原形，“专业帮助”表达为名词短语professional help，作seek宾语。故填seek professional help。 17．________ (让我感到安慰的是), as I expressed my concern by his bed, my teammate told me that he trusted me. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】To my comfort 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：让我感到安慰的是，当我在他床边表达我的担忧时，我的队友告诉我他信任我。根据汉语提示“让我感到安慰的是”可知，空处需用固定短语to my comfort，其中“to one’s +情感名词” 为常见结构，置于句首作状语。  故填To my comfort。 18．A final point to consider is that while studying abroad ________ (确实有潜在的好处), young people who study in China also have a great future to look forward to! 【答案】does have potential benefits 【详解】考查强调句、形容词和名词。句意：最后一点需要考虑的是，虽然出国留学确实有潜在的好处，但在中国学习的年轻人也有美好的未来值得期待！根据汉语提示“确实有潜在的好处”可知，此处需用“do/does/did + 动词原形”结构表强调，结合语境以及主句的谓语动词is可知，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语“studying abroad”为动名词短语，视为单数，故助动词用does；“有潜在的好处”用have potential benefits表达，因此，此处应为does have potential benefits。故填does have potential benefits。 19．Some people always talk loudly in public, ________________ (这真的很烦人). (用定语从句) 【答案】which is really annoying/which is really disturbing/which is really irritating/which is indeed annoying/which is indeed disturbing/which is indeed irritating 【详解】考查副词、形容词和定语从句。句意：有些人总是在公共场合大声说话，这真的很烦人。根据中文提示可知，表示“真的”可用really或indeed，为副词作状语；表示“烦人的”应用annoying或disturbing或irritating，为形容词作表语，且这里为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面句子，所以应用关系代词which引导，be动词时态与前面一致用一般现在时，主语which指代前面句子，be动词用is。故填which is really/indeed annoying/disturbing/irritating。 20．After scoring the winning goal in the soccer game, James ran to his teammates ________(眼睛闪着光, 脸上洋溢着喜悦). (用于读后续写神态描写) 【答案】with his eyes shining and his face glowing with joy 【详解】考查with复合结构。根据提示的汉语，表示“眼睛闪着光, 脸上洋溢着喜悦”可以使用“with+宾语+宾补”结构，表示“眼睛”为his eyes作介词with的宾语，表示“闪着光”为shine，与宾语his eyes之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式作宾补，表示“脸上”为his face作with的宾语，表示“洋溢着喜悦”为glow with joy，与宾语his face之间为主动关系，所以使用glow的现在分词形式作宾补，使用and连接两个并列结构，即with his eyes shining and his face glowing with joy。故填with his eyes shining and his face glowing with joy。 21．This alone helps make our thoughts clearer and brings us ________ ________ ________ ________ of our problems. (更全面的了解) 【答案】 a more thorough understanding 【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：仅这一点就能使我们的思想更清晰，使我们对问题有更全面的了解。根据句意和提示的汉语，表示“了解……”为an understanding of sth.，表示“更全面的”为形容词比较级more thorough作定语修饰名词understanding，more的首个音素为辅音，所以不定冠词应为a。故填①a②more③thorough④understanding。 22．Mr. Smithson, a leader with years of experience in the field, ____________ (将负责管理这家公司) next month. 【答案】will take charge of the company 【详解】考查动词短语和名词。句意：史密森先生是在该领域有多年经验的领导者，下个月将负责管理这家公司。“负责管理”可用动词短语take charge of，“这家公司”可用名词the company，且此处表示将来发生的行为，时态应用一般将来时。故填will take charge of the company。 冲刺突破 Passage 1 阅读理解 【冲突与和解】 （2025-2026学年海南中学高三上学期第四次月考英语试题） Autumn leaves may be beautiful on trees, but they become annoying once they cover the ground. Although regular raking (耙) keeps your yard clean, it often upsets you when most leaves come from a neighbor’s tree. This presents a common problem: what should you do when your neighbor’s tree litters your yard? Some people have gathered these leaves and put the pile back onto the neighbor’s yard, calling it a return to the “rightful owner.” A video of such an act caused heated debate on TikTok. Supporters believe it is the tree’s owner who should take responsibility for the leaves. “He has NO trees. He’s just returning what belongs to his neighbor.” However, many people view the action as downright rude. “Welcome to Earth, where trees are all around the neighborhood,” one comment read. Another person added, “If he went through the trouble of gathering them, then dumping (倾倒) over the fence is completely inconsiderate and unacceptable.” Manners expert Jodi RR Smith points out that having neighbors means sharing both the good and bad sides of nearby trees. “Leaves that fall on your land are your duty to handle, just as you can enjoy the tree’s shade in summer,” she noted, “the same idea applies to fruit from branches over your yard.” Instead, she suggests having a friendly talk with the neighbor. They may not even be aware of the issue and once they find the problem, they might offer to help with cleanup costs. Or, if you’re OK with some temporary yard mess, you don’t even need to rake your leaves in the first place. The United States Department of Agriculture says that leaves on the ground can create an ideal habitat for animals like lizards, insects, and frogs. Either way, it is usually best to keep your yard tidy and clean up the leaves — no matter where from. 1．What might be the reason for some people to put the leaves back to their neighbors? A．To keep their own yard clean. B．To help the neighbor rake the litters. C．To make some eye-catching TikTok videos. D．To remind the tree’s owner to be responsible. 2．What does the underline word “downright” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Hardly. B．Slightly. C．Properly. D．Totally. 3．What does Jodi RR Smith recommend? A．Build a fence wall. B．Take fruit from the tree. C．Speak to the neighbor. D．Dump the leaves back. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Are You Responsible for Your Neighbor’s Leaves? B．Handling Neighbor Issues with Kindness C．Should You Make a Video of Your Leaf Problem? D．Letting Leaves Lie: An Eco-Friendly Choice 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】5本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“邻居家的树落叶到自家院子该怎么办”这一常见问题展开，通过不同观点和专家建议，介绍了邻里间处理落叶问题的合理方式与责任边界。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Supporters believe it is the tree’s owner who should take responsibility for the leaves.(支持者认为树的主人应该为这些落叶负责。)”可知，有些人把落叶送回邻居家，是为了提醒树的主人承担责任。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“However, many people view the action as downright rude.(然而，很多人认为这种行为downright是粗鲁的。)”以及“Another person added, ‘If he went through the trouble of gathering them, then dumping (倾倒) over the fence is completely inconsiderate and unacceptable.’(另一个人补充道：‘如果他费了那么大劲把落叶收集起来，却又把它们翻过栅栏倒回去，那这种行为就完全是不顾及他人感受，而且是不可接受的。’)”可知，“downright”意为“完全地，彻底地”，与“totally”意思相近。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第七段“Instead, she suggests having a friendly talk with the neighbor.(相反，她建议和邻居友好地谈一谈。)”可知，Jodi RR Smith 建议与邻居沟通。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“This presents a common problem: what should you do when your neighbor’s tree litters your yard?(这带来了一个常见的问题：当邻居的树把落叶撒在你的院子里时，你该怎么办？)”及最后一段“Either way, it is usually best to keep your yard tidy and clean up the leaves — no matter where from.(无论如何，保持院子整洁并清理落叶通常是最好的选择——无论落叶来自哪里。)”可知，全文围绕“是否要为邻居的落叶负责”这一核心问题展开。选项A“Are You Responsible for Your Neighbor’s Leaves?(你要为邻居家的落叶负责吗？)”最能概括全文主旨。故选A。 Passage 2 【合作与交流】 （2025-2026学年河北省秦皇岛市山海关第一中学高三上学期12月月考英语试卷） Imagine you’re a manager who needs to give under-performing employees productive and respectful feedback and knows they are dealing with some personal issues that have been impacting their work. How would you talk to them in an empathetic but honest way? A new study by researchers at the Stanford Accelerator for Learning explores how virtual reality can help managers develop empathetic communication skills. In the study, the participants acted as a manager in VR and engaged in a performance review with a virtual pre-recorded employee. They were asked to give critical feedback to the virtual employee as their voice and body movements were recorded. Each participant completed three study conditions. In the first condition, they had the conversation twice in a row, to see if having a chance to practice would influence their approach. In the second condition, the participant switched places after the first conversation, viewing the scene from the perspective of the employee. They received the communication (both verbal and body language) exactly as they had recorded it as the manager, before repeating it from the perspective of the manager again. In the third condition, the participant received feedback on their approach to the conversation while reviewing their interaction. The researchers collected data on measures related to empathetic communication skills, and found that using VR to practice and repeat the conversation increased the participants’ expression of understanding for the employee’s situation and the expression of emotions. They used more first-person pronouns “I” and “we” and words that express emotions. The researchers said this suggests VR is a promising way to give large numbers of managers a real-life learning experience that helps them develop these essential skills. The study has crucial implications for how to train managers more effectively. “Having the opportunity to review one’s own performance and receive feedback actually changed how people speak within a ten-minute intervention,” said Anna Queiroz, lead author of the study. “Imagine if we did that in a more structured way and measured the long-term results?” 5．How does paragraph 1 introduce the topic of the text? A．By raising a question on virtue. B．By quoting a college professor. C．By sharing a personal life story. D．By describing an imaginary scene. 6．What did the participants do in the first two conditions? A．They skipped the conversation session. B．They intentionally acted as the employee. C．They engaged in the interaction as a manager. D．They received feedback from acting celebrities. 7．In what aspect did the participants acting as managers change? A．Their language style. B．Their memory ability. C．Their reading skills. D．Their career goals. 8．What does Anna Queiroz want to highlight by raising the question? A．The implication of empathy. B．The significance of VR training. C．Advantages of feedback on performance. D．Huge demands for well-trained managers. 【答案】5．D 6．C 7．A 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究，该研究通过虚拟现实让管理者练习共情沟通，并发现这种训练能有效改善管理者的语言表达方式，强调了VR在管理培训中的潜力。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Imagine you’re a manager who needs to give under-performing employees productive and respectful feedback and knows they are dealing with some personal issues that have been impacting their work.(想象你是一位经理，需要给表现不佳的员工提供有效且尊重的反馈，并且你知道他们正在处理一些影响工作的个人问题。)”可知，作者通过描绘一个具体的想象场景来引出文章主题。故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the study, the participants acted as a manager in VR (在这项研究中，参与者扮演虚拟现实中的管理者)”和第三段中“In the first condition, they had the conversation twice in a row(在第一个条件下，他们连续进行了两次对话)”和“In the second condition, the participant switched places after the first conversation, viewing the scene from the perspective of the employee. They received the communication (both verbal and body language) exactly as they had recorded it as the manager, before repeating it from the perspective of the manager again.(在第二个条件下，参与者在第一次对话后切换位置，从员工的视角观看场景。他们接收到自己作为经理时录下的沟通内容(包括口头和肢体语言)然后再从经理的视角重复一遍。)”可知，在前两个条件中，参与者都是以经理的身份参与互动，即使第二个条件中切换了视角，最终仍会回到经理角色重复对话。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段中“They used more first-person pronouns ‘I’ and ‘we’ and words that express emotions.(他们使用了更多的第一人称代词‘我’和‘我们’以及表达情感的词汇。)”可知，参与者在训练后语言表达方式发生了变化，即语言风格。故选A。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Anna Queiroz说的话“Having the opportunity to review one’s own performance and receive feedback actually changed how people speak within a ten-minute intervention(有机会回顾自己的表现并收到反馈，实际上在10分钟的干预中改变了人们的说话方式)”和“Imagine if we did that in a more structured way and measured the long-term results?(想象一下，如果我们以更系统化的方式进行这种干预并衡量长期效果呢？)”可知，Anna Queiroz通过该提问意在强调VR训练的重要意义——不仅短期有效，更值得深入研究与推广。故选B。 Passage 3 阅读理解七选五 【社会关系】 （（2025-2026学年山东德州市高三下学期英语一模试题） In a time when celebrities, social media influencers, and famous personalities seem like they are just a click away, it’s easy to understand how emotional bonds with public figures have become more personal and complex than ever. 9 The term was coined in 1956 when televisions became widely available, and TV viewers began to develop the sense of false closeness with the characters on the screen. The parasocial relationships are one-sided relationships in which a person develops a strong sense of connection or familiarity with someone they don’t know, most often celebrities or media personalities. 10 They experience a bond that lacks reciprocity (互惠). There is no firm conclusion regarding why people develop parasocial relationships. 11 When so much of our time is spent online or watching TV or movies, we’re naturally likely to recognize the faces we repeatedly see and develop warm feelings for them. Another possible cause is loneliness. Some research suggests that the lonelier an individual feels, the more likely they are to engage in parasocial relationships, seeking a connection in some form, if not in real life. 12 Some researchers have found that highly social individuals who are more likely to form friendships and relationships in real life are also more likely to form parasocial relationships. There is also the belief that parasocial relationships can simply be less demanding and more fun than real-life relationships. 13 Plus the subjects of parasocial relationships are typically talented, beautiful, or funny. Originally believed to be unhealthy due to their one-sided nature, these parasocial relationships are typically harmless and, in fact, quite common. A．Other research contradicts the idea. B．They contribute to real-life relationships. C．These are known as parasocial relationships. D．Parasocial relationships can certainly have benefits. E．But one is that the human brain developed to be social. F．These relationships exist only in the mind of the individual. G．There are no conflicts or maintenance that need to be attended to. 【答案】9．C 10．F 11．E 12．A 13．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了准社会关系的定义、成因及特点。 9．上文“In a time when celebrities, social media influencers, and famous personalities seem like they are just a click away, it’s easy to understand how emotional bonds with public figures have become more personal and complex than ever.(在名人、社交媒体博主和公众人物仿佛触手可及的时代，我们很容易理解，与公众人物之间的情感联结变得比以往任何时候都更加私人化，也更加复杂。)”引出公众人物与普通人之间产生更个人化、更复杂的情感联结这一现象；而下文开始解释该现象的定义和起源。选项C“These are known as parasocial relationships. (这些关系被称为准社会关系。)”起到承上启下的作用，用一个总括性定义引出下文要详细解释的核心概念。故选C。 10．上文“The parasocial relationships are one-sided relationships in which a person develops a strong sense of connection or familiarity with someone they don’t know, most often celebrities or media personalities.(准社会关系是一种单方面的关系，即一个人会与自己不认识的人（通常是名人或媒体人物）产生强烈的联结感或熟悉感。)”给出了准社会关系的定义；而下文“They experience a bond that lacks reciprocity(互惠).(他们所体验到的这种联结，缺乏相互性。)”进一步说明这种联结缺乏互惠性。选项F“These relationships exist only in the mind of the individual. (这种关系只存在于个体的头脑中。)”包括“单方面”“无互惠”的特点，是对定义的补充说明，逻辑连贯。故选F。 11．上文“There is no firm conclusion regarding why people develop parasocial relationships.(关于人们为何会形成准社会关系，目前尚无定论。)”提出人们为何会形成准社会关系尚无定论；而下文“When so much of our time is spent online or watching TV or movies, we’re naturally likely to recognize the faces we repeatedly see and develop warm feelings for them.(当我们将大量时间花在上网、看电视或看电影上时，我们自然会认出那些反复出现的面孔，并对他们产生好感。)”则分析了原因。选项E“But one is that the human brain developed to be social.(其中一个原因是，人类的大脑天生就具有社交属性。)”承接“尚无定论”，引出第一个原因，与下文的具体原因逻辑一致。故选E。 12．上文“Another possible cause is loneliness. Some research suggests that the lonelier an individual feels, the more likely they are to engage in parasocial relationships, seeking a connection in some form, if not in real life. (另一个可能的原因是孤独感。一些研究表明，一个人越感到孤独，就越有可能建立准社会关系，以某种方式寻求联结——即便这种联结并非现实生活中的关系)”提出孤独感可能是原因之一；而下文“Some researchers have found that highly social individuals who are more likely to form friendships and relationships in real life are also more likely to form parasocial relationships. (一些研究人员发现，在现实生活中更擅长社交、更容易建立友谊和人际关系的人，也更容易形成准社会关系。)”转而说明现实中社交能力强、易建立真实友谊的人，也更容易形成准社会关系。选项A“Other research contradicts the idea. (但其他研究与这一观点相悖。)”起到转折作用，引出与“孤独感”相反的研究结论，逻辑衔接紧密。故选A。 13．上文“There is also the belief that parasocial relationships can simply be less demanding and more fun than real-life relationships. (还有一种观点认为，准社会关系往往比现实关系要求更低，也更有趣。)”提出准社会关系比现实关系要求更低、更有趣；而下文“Plus the subjects of parasocial relationships are typically talented, beautiful, or funny. (此外，准社会关系的对象通常都很有才华、颜值出众或风趣幽默。)”补充而且准社会关系的对象通常有才华、颜值高或有趣。选项G“There are no conflicts or maintenance that need to be attended to. (它没有需要处理的冲突，也无需费心维护。)”具体解释“要求更低”，与“更有趣”共同支撑本段核心观点，逻辑一致。故选G。 Passage 4 完形填空 （2026届湖北省武汉市高三元月调考英语试卷） Ellie had signed up for an embroidery (刺绣) class and resolved to make a 1 for her grandmother, but her excitement 2 when she saw the remaining seat next to Perfect Paula. Paula was such a know-it-all while Ellie often organised fun activities to make her colleagues laugh. Ellie constantly felt 3 beside Paula. However, soon everything 4 . Answering a call, Paula dashed off in tears. Worried, Ellie followed Paula only to find her 5 in the corner. Ellie comforted and hugged her. “Why are you being so nice to me? You can’t stand me,” Paula asked. “That’s not true,” Ellie protested, “you just 6 me because you’re so perfect.” Paula laughed through tears, “Oh, Ellie. I wish I were more like you, a (n) 7 girl.” Paula then confessed (坦白) her 8 and insecurities. She had grown up in different foster homes (寄养家庭) , always trying to 9 by being perfect. “I didn’t have a happy time until I was placed with Mary, my last adoptive mom. I 10 her everything. Now she has broken her leg, but I can’t leave my work behind to tend to her,” Paula added. Ellie suddenly realized everyone carries hidden 11 . Ellie promised to help Paula with her work during her absence while Paula encouraged Ellie to prepare for the interview presentation, which once scared Ellie, to get promoted. Ultimately Ellie 12 her embroidered memory book for Gran’s seventieth birthday. The back pages weren’t neat, with loose hanging threads — much like her own 13 . But she had learned something precious: each of us is 14 , and it is through love and 15 that we help one another shine. 1．A．scarf B．gift C．handbag D．case 2．A．faded B．streamed C．arose D．hid 3．A．competent B．dependent C．optimistic D．inadequate 4．A．arrived B．happened C．transformed D．emerged 5．A．slipping B．sobbing C．murmuring D．calling 6．A．shame B．test C．stimulate D．alert 7．A．polite B．pleasant C．smart D．ambitious 8．A．mistakes B．senses C．circumstances D．fears 9．A．take off B．fit in C．keep up D．go on 10．A．return B．offer C．owe D．show 11．A．messages B．potentials C．arrangements D．struggles 12．A．purchased B．completed C．submitted D．decorated 13．A．imperfections B．characteristics C．preferences D．prejudices 14．A．equal B．unique C．rare D．identical 15．A．passion B．perseverance C．dream D．kindness 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．B 15．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述埃莉因刺绣班偶遇“完美”宝拉而自卑，后因安慰宝拉知晓其苦衷，两人互帮互助，最终领悟到爱与善良的可贵。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：埃莉报名参加了一个刺绣班，并决心为她的祖母做一件礼物。A. scarf围巾；B. gift礼物；C. handbag手提包；D. case箱子。根据后文 “for Gran’s seventieth birthday”可知，这件刺绣品是给奶奶的生日礼物。故选B项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当她看到“完美女孩”宝拉旁边还有空位时，她的兴奋感消退了。A. faded消退；B. streamed流淌；C. arose出现；D. hid隐藏。根据前文“her excitement”以及后文埃莉在宝拉身边感到自卑的内容可知，这里指她的兴奋感消失了。故选A项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在宝拉身边，埃莉总是觉得自己不够好。A. competent能干的；B. dependent依赖的；C. optimistic乐观的；D. inadequate能力不足的、不够好的。根据前文“Paula was such a know-it-all”以及语境可知，与万事通的宝拉对比之下埃莉会自卑，觉得自己不够好。故选D项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，很快一切都改变了。A. arrived到达；B. happened发生；C. transformed改变；D. emerged出现。根据后文“Ellie comforted and hugged her”中埃莉安慰宝拉以及两人互相帮助的情节可知，两人的关系和埃莉的心态都发生了改变。故选C项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：埃莉很担心，跟着宝拉走过去，却发现她正在角落里哭泣。A. slipping滑倒；B. sobbing啜泣；C. murmuring低语；D. calling呼喊。根据前文“Paula dashed off in tears”可知，这里指宝拉在哭。故选B项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：埃莉反驳道：“不是这样的，你太完美了，让我自愧不如。”A. shame使羞愧；B. test测试；C. stimulate刺激；D. alert提醒。根据后文“because you’re so perfect”以及语境可知，这里指埃莉因为宝拉的完美而感到自卑，shame符合“使……自愧”的语境。故选A项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：宝拉伸着泪笑道：“哦，埃莉，我多希望自己能更像你，一个讨人喜欢的女孩。”A. polite有礼貌的；B. pleasant讨人喜欢的；C. smart聪明的；D. ambitious有抱负的。根据前文“Ellie often organised fun activities to make her colleagues laugh”可知，埃莉是个有趣、讨人喜欢的人。故选B项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：宝拉随后坦白了她的恐惧和不安。A. mistakes错误；B. senses感觉；C. circumstances境况；D. fears恐惧。根据后文“insecurities”以及语境可知，此处是并列关系，指内心的恐惧和不安。故选D项。 9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她在不同的寄养家庭长大，总是试图通过表现得完美来融入环境。A. take off起飞；B. fit in融入；C. keep up跟上；D. go on继续。根据前文“She had grown up in different foster homes”以及语境可知，宝拉成长于多个寄养家庭的背景，所以她需要靠完美的表现来适应环境、融入集体。故选B项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把一切都归功于她。A. return归还；B. offer提供；C. owe归功于；D. show展示。根据后文“her everything”以及语境可知，这里指宝拉把自己的一切归功于养母，owe sth. to sb.是固定搭配，意为“把某物归功于某人”，符合宝拉对养母的感激之情。故选C项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：埃莉突然意识到，每个人都背负着不为人知的挣扎。A. messages信息；B. potentials潜力；C. arrangements安排；D. struggles挣扎。根据前文“She had grown up in different foster homes”可知，宝拉看似完美却有不幸的成长经历，所以每个人都有隐藏的难处和挣扎。故选D项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，埃莉完成了给奶奶七十岁生日的刺绣纪念册。A. purchased购买；B. completed完成；C. submitted提交；D. decorated装饰。根据前文“Ellie had signed up for an embroidery (刺绣) class and resolved to make a 　　 for her grandmother”中埃莉报名刺绣班做礼物的初衷可知，此处指她完成了这件礼物。故选B项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：纪念册的封底并不工整，线头松散——就像她自己的不完美一样。A. imperfections不完美；B. characteristics特点；C. preferences偏好；D. prejudices偏见。根据前文“weren’t neat, with loose hanging threads”可知，刺绣品的瑕疵对应人的不完美。故选A项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但她学到了珍贵的一课：我们每个人都是独一无二的。A. equal平等的；B. unique独一无二的；C. rare稀有的；D. identical相同的。根据前文“Paula was such a know-it-all while Ellie often organised fun activities to make her colleagues laugh. ”以及语境可知，埃莉和宝拉的不同经历与特质，所以每个人都是独特的。故选B项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是通过爱与善良，我们才得以相互照亮。A. passion热情；B. perseverance毅力；C. dream梦想；D. kindness善良。根据前文“Ellie comforted and hugged her”以及两人互相帮助的情节可知，是爱和善良让彼此变得更好。故选D项。 Passage 5 山东省青岛市部分学校2025-2026学年高三上学期1月期末调研英语试题 You might be leaving some happiness on the table by doing your everyday activities all by yourself. A new study has found that almost any activity becomes more 16 when done with others. The 17 of another person makes life’s routines a little brighter. Drawing on data from over 40,000 Americans, the study showed that participants consistently viewed experiences 18 social activities as more pleasant. Generally, the effect was 19 , holding true across data collected over several years (2010, 2012, 2013, and 2021). The only exception came in 2021, when doing food-related chores with others appeared to 20 moods. Unsurprisingly, in this respect, the biggest boosts were linked to activities 21 by nature. Yet even individual hobbies such as reading saw an increase in happiness when 22 . Epley, a behavioral scientist in Chicago, observed, “This continues to show how surprisingly positive social 23 is.” The lesson, researchers suggest, is to be 24 . Schedule time with others. Even daily routines can become 25 . Catch up with a friend on the phone — social contact doesn’t always need to be face-to-face; phone calls also 26 . Or share a ride home. As Epley puts it: “Having a good life is about 27 positive experiences together until it becomes a habit.” In short, happiness may not 28 what we do, but who we do it with — a 29 that our instinct (本能) for connection remains our most reliable source of 30 . 16．A．easy B．enjoyable C．efficient D．educational 17．A．advice B．praise C．company D．help 18．A．shaping B．involving C．improving D．impacting 19．A．universal B．immediate C．direct D．predictable 20．A．reflect B．lift C．hide D．dampen 21．A．creative B．colorful C．social D．fun 22．A．discussed B．chosen C．started D．shared 23．A．relationship B．interaction C．awareness D．progress 24．A．intentional B．patient C．brave D．careful 25．A．challenges B．experiences C．tasks D．opportunities 26．A．exist B．appear C．count D．change 27．A．describing B．stringing C．mixing D．celebrating 28．A．result in B．consist of C．lie in D．begin with 29．A．reminder B．sign C．rule D．secret 30．A．courage B．pride C．hope D．joy 【答案】16．B 17．C 18．B 19．A 20．D 21．C 22．D 23．B 24．A 25．D 26．C 27．B 28．C 29．A 30．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新研究发现，几乎任何活动与他人一起做时都会变得更愉快，他人的陪伴让日常生活更美好，强调了社交互动对提升幸福感的重要性，提醒人们要重视与他人的连接。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一项新研究发现，几乎任何活动，只要和别人一起做，都会变得更令人愉悦。A. easy容易的；B. enjoyable令人愉悦的；C. efficient高效的；D. educational有教育意义的。根据前文“You might be leaving some happiness on the table by doing your everyday activities all by yourself”可知，独自做事会错失幸福感，因此和他人一起做事会更“令人愉悦”。故选B项。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他人的陪伴让生活中的日常琐事变得更明朗一些。A. advice建议；B. praise表扬；C. company陪伴；D. help帮助。根据前文“when done with others”可知，此处强调的是“陪伴”的作用。故选C项。 18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项研究基于四万多名美国人的数据，结果显示，参与者一致认为涉及社交活动的经历更令人愉快。A. shaping塑造；B. involving涉及；C. improving改善；D. impacting影响。根据后文“social activities”可知，此处指经历中“涉及”社交活动，符合语境。故选B项。 19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：总体而言，这种效应具有普遍性，在2010、2012、2013和2021年这几年收集的数据中都成立。A. universal普遍的；B. immediate立即的；C. direct直接的；D. predictable可预测的。根据后文“holding true across data collected over several years”可知，这种效应在多年数据中都成立，说明是“普遍的”。故选A项。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：唯一的例外出现在2021年，当时和别人一起做与食物相关的家务似乎会抑制心情。A. reflect反映；B. lift提升；C. hide隐藏；D. dampen抑制、减弱。根据前文“The only exception”可知，2021年的情况与研究结论相反，即这类活动不会提升心情，反而会“抑制”心情。故选D项。 21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不出所料，在这方面，幸福感提升最明显的与本质上具有社交属性的活动有关。A. creative有创造力的；B. colorful多彩的；C. social社交的；D. fun有趣的。根据前文“the study showed that participants consistently viewed experiences __3__ social activities as more pleasant.”可知，此处指“社交属性”的活动。故选C项。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，即便是阅读这类个人爱好，当分享出去时，幸福感也会有所提升。A. discussed讨论；B. chosen选择；C. started开始；D. shared分享。根据前文“even individual hobbies”以及研究强调的社交属性可知，个人爱好也需要“分享”才能提升幸福感。故选D项。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：芝加哥的行为科学家埃普利表示：“这再次表明，社交互动的积极影响令人意想不到。”A. relationship关系；B. interaction互动；C. awareness意识；D. progress进步。根据前文“the biggest boosts were linked to activities __6__ by nature.”可知，此处指的是“社交互动”。故选B项。 24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员建议，我们应主动一些。A. intentional有意的、主动的；B. patient耐心的；C. brave勇敢的；D. careful小心的。根据后文“Schedule time with others”可知，研究人员建议人们主动安排社交时间，即要“主动”。故选A项。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即便是日常琐事也能变成机遇。A. challenges挑战；B. experiences经历；C. tasks任务；D. opportunities机遇。根据前文研究结论，和他人一起做事能提升幸福感，因此日常琐事也能变成带来愉悦的“机遇”。故选D项。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：和朋友通个电话聊聊近况——社交不一定要面对面，打电话也管用。A. exist存在；B. appear出现；C. count管用、重要；D. change改变。根据前文“social contact doesn’t always need to be face-to-face”可知，打电话这种非面对面的社交方式也是“管用的”。故选C项。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如埃普利所说：“拥有美好的生活，就是把这些积极的经历串联起来，直到它成为一种习惯。”A. describing描述；B. stringing串联；C. mixing混合；D. celebrating庆祝。根据后文“until it becomes a habit”可知，需要把零散的积极经历“串联”起来，形成习惯。故选B项。 28．考查动词短语辨析。句意：简而言之，幸福或许不在于我们做什么事，而在于我们和谁一起做————这提醒我们，我们渴望与人建立联结的本能，仍是我们获取快乐的最可靠源泉。A. result in导致；B. consist of由……组成；C. lie in在于；D. begin with以……开始。根据后文“but who we do it with”可知，此处是对比关系，强调幸福的关键“在于”和谁一起做事。故选C项。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：简而言之，幸福或许不在于我们做什么事，而在于我们和谁一起做——这提醒我们，我们渴望与人建立联结的本能，仍是我们获取快乐的最可靠源泉。A. reminder提醒；B. sign迹象；C. rule规则；D. secret秘密。根据前文“In short, happiness may not __13__ what we do, but who we do it with”可知，这个结论是一个观点，这个观点“提醒”人们联结本能的重要性。故选A项。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这提醒我们，我们渴望与人建立联结的本能，仍是我们获取快乐的最可靠源泉。 A. courage勇气；B. pride自豪；C. hope希望；D. joy快乐。根据全文围绕“happiness”展开的核心内容可知，此处指获取“快乐”的源泉。故选D项。 Passage 6 语法填空 2026届山东菏泽市高三下学期一模英语试题 Forty-nine young professionals from different countries recently completed a 10-day training program in China, 1 (explore) rural revitalization practices in Yunnan. The program, co-launched by China Agricultural University and Tencent, aimed to share China’s experience in rural development with global 2 (young). During their visit to Mengla County, Yunnan, the 3 (participant) were impressed by the “agri-tourism integration” model in Hebian Village. They learned how Yao ethnic group’s wooden houses 4 (transform) into cozy guesthouses, and how villagers now earn income from rubber tapping, beekeeping, and home-stay management. “We used to think rural areas could only rely on farming,” said Mirembe from Uganda. “But here, culture and nature become treasures — this gives us new ideas 5 our villages.” They also visited a smart coffee estate in Jinghong, 6 AI and drones are used for pest control and yield prediction. Hakim from Indonesia, who runs a coffee workshop, noted: “China’s way of connecting small farmers to big markets via live-streaming is eye-opening. We can adapt this to sell our Indonesian coffee 7 (global).” A key takeaway was China’s focus on “farmer-centered development”. In Manluanzhan Village, the group saw how 8 (abandon) water towers were turned into cafes, and how local villagers lead decision-making for tourism projects. “China doesn’t just build pretty villages — it empowers people to own the development,” said Mumbi from Kenya. The program ended with a 9 (commit) to apply these lessons at home. As Tanzanian participant Aboli put it: “China’s rural revitalization isn’t a copy-paste model, 10 a mindset of using local strengths. That’s what we need to take back.” 【答案】1．exploring 2．youth 3．participants 4．were transformed 5．for 6．where 7．globally 8．abandoned 9．commitment 10．but 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了来自不同国家的49名青年专业人士在中国参加为期10天的培训项目，探访云南乡村振兴实践，了解农旅融合、智慧农业等模式，借鉴中国经验，并承诺将所学应用到本国乡村发展中的故事。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，49名来自不同国家的青年专业人士在中国完成了为期10天的培训项目，探索云南的乡村振兴实践。句子主语Forty-nine young professionals与动词explore之间为主动关系，需用现在分词作伴随状语，故填exploring。 2．考查名词。句意：该项目由中国农业大学和腾讯联合发起，旨在与全球青年分享中国的乡村发展经验。本空作with宾语，用young的名词形式youth，意为“青年”，为集合名词，故填youth。 3．考查名词复数。句意：在参观云南勐腊县期间，参与者们对河边村的“农旅融合”模式印象深刻。根据前文“Forty-nine young professionals”及谓语动词were可知，此处主语需用复数形式，participant的复数是participants，故填participants。 4．考查动词时态和语态。句意：他们了解到瑶族的木屋如何被改造成舒适的民宿，以及村民们现在如何通过割胶、养蜂和民宿管理获得收入。主语Yao ethnic group’s wooden houses与动词transform之间为被动关系，且描述过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were + 过去分词”，主语为复数，be动词用were，故填were transformed。 5．考查介词。句意：“但在这里，文化和自然成为了宝藏——这给了我们关于我们村庄的新想法。”此处表示“关于，针对”，“ideas for+目标/对象”表示“给……的思路，适用于……的办法”，此处表示“给我们村庄的新想法”，故填for。 6．考查定语从句。句意：他们还参观了景洪的一个智能咖啡庄园，在那里人工智能和无人机被用于病虫害防治和产量预测。本空引导非限制定语从句，先行词为a smart coffee estate，表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导，故填where。 7．考查副词。句意：“我们可以借鉴这种方式，在全球范围内销售我们印度尼西亚的咖啡。”修饰动词sell，需用副词globally“全球地，在全世界”，作状语，故填globally。 8．考查形容词。句意：在曼鸾站村，团队看到了废弃的水塔如何被改造成咖啡馆，以及当地村民如何主导旅游项目的决策。修饰名词短语water towers，用形容词abandoned“废弃的”，作定语，故填abandoned。 9．考查名词。句意：项目结束时，参与者们承诺将这些经验应用到本国。句中不定冠词a后需接名词，commit的名词形式是commitment，意为“承诺”，为可数名词，作宾语，故填commitment。 10．考查连词。句意：“中国的乡村振兴不是一个照搬照抄的模式，而是一种利用当地优势的思维方式。”“not...but...”为固定搭配，意为“不是……而是……”，符合语境，故填but。 Passage 7 读后续写 (2025-2026年山东德州市高三下学期英语一模试题) Helen was old and had trouble walking. The first time I saw her, I had just moved to the new neighbourhood. A neighbor warned, “Everybody here is nice except her. Keep your distance.” I was optimistic — I wouldn’t judge my unknown neighbor. One morning, I waved at her enthusiastically, but she just stared at me and turned away, leaving me annoyed. “Forget her,” I thought. I avoided Helen since then for the next 15 years, even though we lived within 50 feet. Once, I saw her shout at a teen whose bike blocked her driveway — the fight got so heated the police were called. We never spoke or even looked at each other until my 40th birthday. I planned a big gathering, inviting my mom and many friends. On the party day, friends’ cars packed the road, some occupying a corner of the entrance to Helen’s driveway. Helen began to scream angrily. When I apologized and explained the circumstances, she became combative (好斗的). “I’m not going to allow this. I will call the police every ten minutes.” She was to make the day hard. My mother was nearing seventy. She took control of the situation. She headed across the street, walked slowly using her cane (拐杖) and approached Helen. From a distance, I watched anxiously. I was afraid Helen was about to hit my mom. But she did not. My mother returned after twenty minutes. She told me Helen had been worried that she wouldn’t be able to get her car out quickly in an emergency. My mother assured her we would all help if needed. Mother also learned that Helen lived alone because she lost all her family in a car accident — a tragedy (悲剧) I’d never known about. My mother spoke of Helen without complaint, but with quiet empathy. But all I could think was that as long as Helen didn’t cause any more trouble that day, I’d be content. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 And Mom insisted that we invite Helen to the party. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I had expected the talk in the party with Helen to be brief. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 And Mom insisted that we invite Helen to the party. I hesitated at first, still remembering her sharp words and angry screams, but I couldn’t refuse my mother’s earnest request. I walked to Helen’s door, feeling nervous, and gently knocked. When she opened it, her face was still cold, but there was no anger in her eyes. I stammered out the invitation, and to my surprise, she nodded slightly. She slowly grabbed her coat and followed me, her steps unsteady but firm. I had expected the talk in the party with Helen to be brief. However, she sat quietly by the window, watching everyone laugh and chat, a soft look crossing her face. When I offered her a piece of cake, she thanked me softly — the first kind words I’d ever heard from her. She told me about her family, her voice trembling, and I finally understood her rudeness was just a shield to hide her loneliness. That day, we talked for a long time, and the wall between us crumbled at last. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者新搬到社区，邻居都提醒他远离脾气古怪、行动不便的海伦，两人因此冷战十五年。作者40岁生日派对时，因停车问题与海伦爆发冲突，母亲却主动沟通，得知海伦因车祸失去家人、独自生活。在母亲劝说下，作者邀请海伦参加派对，最终了解到她的冷漠只是孤独的伪装，两人化解了多年隔阂。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“妈妈坚持要我们邀请海伦参加聚会”可知，第一段可描写在母亲劝说下，作者邀请海伦参加派对。 ②由第二段首句内容“我原本以为和海伦在聚会中的交谈会很简短”可知，第二段可描写作者最终了解到海伦的冷漠只是孤独的伪装，两人化解了多年隔阂。 2.续写线索：妈妈邀请海伦——作者去邀请——海伦接受邀请——作者了解情况——隔阂化解 3.词汇激活 行为类①想起：remember/recall②拒绝：refuse/reject③隐藏：hide/conceal 情绪类①紧张：nervous/stressed②惊讶：surprise/astonishment 【点睛】【高分句型1】She slowly grabbed her coat and followed me, her steps unsteady but firm.（运用了独立主格结构） 【高分句型2】When I offered her a piece of cake, she thanked me softly — the first kind words I’d ever heard from her.（运用了when引导时间状语从句） Passage 8 (2025-2026学年福建福州市高三年级下学期三月质量检测英语试题) Around 15 years ago, I was working at a Veterans’ Home (老兵之家) in a small town which was not far from my home. It was a nice care home and everyone there was well treated. We had an elderly gentleman, John, who had been a soldier. He was lovely but a little lonely because his wife passed away last year and he had no children. We tried our best to cheer him up — planning small activities and checking on him regularly—but John still felt lonely. The only time he felt a little better was during his daily walk in the park nearby. That slow walk with his walking stick would lead him to an old oak tree, where he’d sit on the bench to miss his wife, finding a little peace in his lonely days. One summer day, John came back to the care home looking clearly upset. We soon found out what was wrong: a group of teenagers wearing hoods(兜帽) had been hanging around the park. They rushed around, talking loudly. Their rude behavior made him feel uneasy and even a little annoyed. That quiet place he’d ever loved was no longer peaceful. For several days, John didn’t go there for his walks. But he missed that daily walk so badly—he couldn’t stand giving up the only thing that brought him comfort. Days later, John approached me with a determined look. “I need to handle this myself,” he said firmly, “that’s what an old soldier does.” With that, he grabbed his walking stick and headed towards the park before I could react. Concerned about his safety, I handed over my duties to a colleague, and then followed him quietly, wondering what might happen. When arriving at the park, what I witnessed was far beyond imagination. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 John stood among the teens—not angry, not demanding, but calm. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The next day, the teens visited the care home as invited. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Paragraph 1 John stood among the teens—not angry, not demanding, but calm. Pointing to a bench under the old oak tree, John said softly, “That’s where my wife and I used to sit every afternoon. This park is the only place that eases my loneliness after she left.” The teens fell silent, ashamed. One boy stepped forward and apologized that they had no idea the park meant so much to him. Touched by their kindness, I walked up and smiled, “Thanks for your consideration. If you are curious about war stories, you’re welcome to visit us at the care home!”Paragraph 2 The next day, the teens visited the care home as invited. They brought small snacks and flowers for John and other elders. Some chatted with the veterans, listening carefully to their stories, while others helped clean the garden. For the first time in months, the room was filled with real joy. From then on, the park regained its peace, and John’s daily walk never stopped, sometimes even with a few teens walking slowly beside him. The teens learned to care for others, and John found the warmth he’d been missing for so long. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了老兵John在公园遭遇青少年打扰后，用平静的沟通化解矛盾，最终双方都收获温暖的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“John站在那群青少年中间——没有生气，没有要求，只是很平静。”以及第二段首句内容“第二天，青少年们如约来到了养老院。”可知，第一段可描写John平静地向孩子们解释了缘由并邀请孩子们去养老院。 ②由第二段首句内容“第二天，青少年们如约来到了养老院。”可知，第二段可描写孩子们来到了养老院倾听了老兵们的故事，理解了老兵。 2.续写线索：John来到青少年中间，平静地解释了自己到公园的原因——孩子们沉默了，感到很后悔——而John也邀请孩子们去养老院——次日，孩子们如约来到了养老院——他们带来了礼物，陪伴老兵度过了美好的一天——此后，John的身边常有一些孩子相伴 3.词汇激活 行为类 1 道歉：apologize/ convey remorse②聊天：chat/ converse③清理：clean/ tidy up 情绪类①孤独的：lonely/ isolated②沮丧的：upset/ distressed 【点睛】【高分句型1】One boy stepped forward and apologized that they had no idea the park meant so much to him.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】Some chatted with the veterans, listening carefully to their stories, while others helped clean the garden.（运用了while引导的状语从句） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $