语言清单05 语法填空中的词类（五）无提示词-连词（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

语言清单05 语法填空中的词类(五) (无提示词---连词(并列连词和三大从句) 突破策略 对连词的考查涉及并列句、名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句等,是高考语法填空的重点和难点，也是学生的易错点。做题时要认真分析句子成分，如果发现两个句子之间存在并列、转折、选择或者因果关系，则要填并列连词；如果空处引导从句，则首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句，然后根据连词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个。 技法感悟 并列句中的并列连词 1．not only...but also...连接的两个并列分句，可使用部分倒装，但只倒装not only 引导的分句。 2．使用“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”结构时，一定要注意连词的使用，不能遗漏。 3．when构成的句型。 (1)sb be doing sth when...某人正在做某事，这时…… (2)sb be about to do sth when...＝sb be on the point of doing sth when...某人正要做某事，这时…… (3)sb had just done sth when...某人刚做完某事，这时…… 定语从句关系词 1．who，whom和whose引导的定语从句。 (1)who和whom都指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。 (2)whose指人的或物的，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。 2．that和which引导的定语从句 that代替的先行词可以是人也可以是物，但是which代替的先行词只能是物。使用这两个关系词要注意以下两点： (1)6种只用that引导定语从句的情况。 ①先行词是all，everything，anything，nothing，something，little，much，none，few，the one等不定代词时。 ②先行词被all，any，few，every，no，little，much，some等修饰时。 ③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时。 ④先行词被the only，the very (正是，恰是), the last修饰时。 ⑤先行词既有人又有物时。 ⑥当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。 (2)4种只用which引导定语从句的情况。 ①引导非限制性定语从句时。 ②先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。 ③先行词本身是that时。 ④关系代词后有插入语时。 3．as引导的定语从句 as引导限制性定语从句主要用于the same...as...，such...as...和so...as...结构中。 as既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中。意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多用see，know，expect，say，mention，report等。 4. 关系副词when, where, why指代的先行词 先行词通常表示时间的名词：time，day，year等，先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；用关系副词when; 先行词通常表示场所的名词：park，place，country，house等; 有时先行词是表示抽象地点的名词，像activity，business，career，case，job，point，position，race，stage，situation等，当从句中缺少状语时，用关系副词where。先行词occasion意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。先行词表示原因的名词：reason，用关系副词why。 5. 介词＋关系词 “介词＋关系词”可以引导定语从句，如果先行词是物，关系词用which，如果先行词是人，关系词用whom，介词的确定依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定；依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定；根据所表达的意思来确定；whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 6. 当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，关系词可用that，in which或省略关系词。 名词性从句连接词 1．what与that的用法 that是从属连词，在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意义。而what是连接代词，在名词性从句中充当成分，通常充当主语、宾语或表语。 2．whether与if的用法 (1)用whether或if均可的情况 ①引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时，两者均可使用。 ②it作形式主语，且主语从句在句末时，两者均可引导主语从句。 (2)用whether而不用if的情况 ①引导主语从句置于句首时； ②引导表语从句和同位语从句时； ③引导介词的宾语从句时； ④引导词与or not连用时； ⑤引导词后接to do时； ⑥有些动词如discuss，decide等后的宾语从句。 3．what，who，which与whatever，whoever，whichever 引导名词性从句的区别 (1)what引导名词性从句意为“什么”，带有疑问意味；意为“……的事情”，表示肯定的意思。who意思是“谁”，带有疑问意味；which意思是“哪一个”，带有疑问意味。 (2)whatever，whoever，whichever意思分别为“所……的一切事或东西”，“任何……的人”“……的任何一种东西”等，并且充当成分，相当于anything that，anyone who等。 4．that不可省略的情况 (1)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时；that引导表语从句时；that引导同位语从句时；当it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语时。 (2)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其他的that不可省略。 5．同位语从句位于表示概念或思维的抽象名词之后，对该抽象名词起解释说明的作用 常见的抽象名词有news，idea，fact，promise，conclusion，theory，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息)，possibility，decision等。 6．why与because 引导表语从句的区别 why与because 引导表语从句时，前者强调结果，后者强调原因。特殊句型：the reason why… is that… ……理由是……； Why…. is that… ……原因是…… 7．as if/though引导的表语从句 as if/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be等后面，从句中既可以用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。 8．名词性从句的语序和时态 ①名词性从句的语序是陈述语序 ②名词性从句的时态 (1)当主句是现在时态(一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时)时， 从句可根据实际情况使用各种时态。 (2)当主句的谓语动词是过去时的时候，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也用某种过去时态。 状语从句连接词 1. 时间状语从句 ①“by＋过去的时间”引导的时间状语从句：主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时；主句用将来完成时，从句用一般现在时或现在完成时。 ②before的特殊用法：It will be＋时间段＋before从句(一般现在时)；It＋was＋时间段＋before从句(一般过去时) ③since引导时间状语从句，常用结构为“It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...”(从句用一般过去时)。 ④till/until的用法。 till/until用于肯定句，表示“直到……为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until 可用于句首，而till 不能用于句首。 ⑤表示“一……就……”的连词(短语)。 (1)as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directly，instantly等。 (2)在hardly...when...，no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，when或than所在的从句用一般过去时。 2．让步状语从句 (1)although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即将从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。 (2)although与though都可以与yet，still，nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。 (3)while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。 (4)no matter who(what，when，which，how等)引导让步状语从句时，相当于“who(what，when，which，how等)＋-ever”，表示“无论何人(什么，何时，哪个/些，怎样等)”。 (5)whether...or...引导让步状语从句时，意为“不管……，还是……”。 (6)even if/though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。 3．目的状语从句 (1)in order that与so that引导的目的状语从句 in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后；而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。 (2)for fear that与in case引导的目的状语从句 for fear that表示“唯恐；生怕”；in case表示“以免，以防”。 4．结果状语从句 (1) so＋＋that从句 (2) such＋＋that从句 注意：当“so＋adj./adv.”或“such＋n.”置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。 (3)so that也可以引导结果状语从句，从句中往往没有情态动词，而且主从句之间常用逗号隔开。 5．条件状语从句 if，unless，so/as long as，in case，on condition that，supposing/suppose (that)等都可以引导条件状语从句。条件状语从句要注意“主将从现”的用法。 unless意义上等于if not，在应用时如果不把握可以用if not 替换一下，讲得通的话，才能使用unless。 6．地点状语从句 where意为“在某个地方”；wherever意为“无论在哪里”。 7．原因状语从句 because意为“因为”，语气强烈，表示事情发生的直接原因，常用来回答why的提问；since意为“既然，由于”，语气较弱，通常置于句首，表示说话双方都知道的原因；as表示双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因，含义与since相同，但语气更弱；now that意为“既然，由于”，用已成事实的原因作为前提。 附录： 定语从句与其他七种易混句型的区别 1.定语从句与并列句的区别 两个句子之间若有and，but，so等并列连词或分号则为并列句，此时不需要再填引导词。 2.定语从句与独立主格结构的区别 定语从句有谓语动词，所以需要引导词，而独立主格结构不是句子，没有谓语动词，所以不需要再填引导词。 3.定语从句与地点状语从句的区别 定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰的是先行词，而地点状语从句修饰的是谓语动词。 4.定语从句与时间状语从句的区别 定语从句有表示时间的先行词，而时间状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰先行词，而时间状语从句修饰谓语动词。 5.定语从句与结果状语从句的区别 在the same...as...与such...as...结构中，as引导定语从句并在从句中充当一定的成分；such/so...that...引导的结果状语从句中，that在从句中不作成分。 6.定语从句与主语从句的区别 定语从句是形容词性从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，在整个句子中作定语，用来修饰前面的名词或代词；而主语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，在整个句子中作主语。 7.定语从句与强调句型的区别 强调句的结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”，It is/was和that/who在句中不作任何成分，也不起连接作用，去掉后，句子依然完整。但是定语从句的关系词既起连接作用还在从句中充当成分，去掉以后结构就不完整了。 巩固提升 2025真题演练 1. (2025新高考I卷) An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ________ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 2. (2025新高考I卷) Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, _______ the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 3. (2025新高考Ⅱ卷) Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ________ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist. 4. (2025新高考Ⅱ卷) But it’s amazing how you can adapt _______ learn in a new environment. 5. (2025 1月浙江) Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead ______ the fact that they have something unique to wear on are not overstuffing their own wardrobes(衣柜) or contributing to landfill. 6. (2025 1月浙江) Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ______ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 7. (2025北京卷) The truth, though, is _______ could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest. 8. (2025北京卷) However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, _______ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 模拟演练 1．Jia once explained on her Weibo account: “The film is not related to weight loss and even has very little connection with boxing. It tells a kind person finds herself and learns to love herself.” 2．The marathon runner maintained his steady pace, conserving his energy, and didn’t make his final push until he reached the last mile of the race, the finish line was within sight. 3．In the context of globalization, cultural exchanges have become increasingly frequent, the preservation of local traditions faces unique challenges that were not present in the past. 4．It will be several years the full impact of the recent technological advancements in artificial intelligence is fully understood. 5．Jingdezhen has a fascinating and storied history, of which I knew little I had the opportunity to visit it recently. 6．Nowadays, the fine sharp needles measuring usually between 15 and 75 millimeters in length are still used in acupuncture, most of the others have been replaced by more complex medical instruments. 7． impressed people most about Yuan Long ping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams. 8．Why different crops are grown is they put important minerals back into the ground. 9．Scientists have found clear evidence plants are connected through an underground fungal network. 10．It remains to be seen the new chemical pesticide is effective. 11． he quit his high-paying job is not difficult to understand. He wanted to start up his own business. 12．No one can imagine breathtaking the scenery of the West Lake is in spring. 13． matters most is that you have tried your best. 14．In 1969, NASA successfully assembled a crew of three astronauts for the Apollo 11 mission, one of became the first human to walk on the moon. 15．Snow began by marking on the map the exact places all those who died had lived. 16．Mary got the first place in the competition, made her parents very excited. 17．No matter difficulties we encounter, we should see each challenge as a chance to learn and improve. 18．It won’t be long virtual museums and interactive three-D exhibitions become common. 19．It was quite a long time I understood that failure is part of success. 20．In 2017, a computer program named AlphaGo defeated Ke Jie, arguably the best human Go player, demonstrated a significant advance in deep-learning AI systems. 冲刺突破 语法填空 Passage 1 【旅游文化】 (2025-2026学年山东菏泽市山东省菏泽市大联考高三上学期2月期末英语) Greeted with lively folk songs and home-made rice wine by enthusiastic locals in bright traditional clothes, 19 Belgian professors and students were attracted by the unique ethnic culture of the Tujia people in Chongqing. “People and nature as well as the cultural environment here are 1 (fascinate),” said Francois Serneels, the leader of the tour group. Serneels first came to China in 1999. About 15 years ago, he visited Hewan Village, which is located in the mountainous Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County. And as he recalls, he has returned to this village about five 2 (time). Having witnessed the incredible changes that have taken place in this Tujia village over the years, Serneels said, “What truly inspires me is how both the government and locals are working 3 (protect) their traditions. That’s why I bring students here.” During their visit, the students and professors hiked misty hills to appreciate the village’s ecological beauty. They also learned about the local agricultural traditions, gaining hands-on farming experience while engaging in an in-depth cultural exchange. Beyond the picturesque scenery, the unique architectural techniques 4 (use) to build Tujia stilted buildings (土家吊脚楼) particularly impressed the foreign visitors. The village has 245 stilted structures and 5 (be) home to a museum dedicated to the architecture of the Tujia ethnic group. Bai Kaigui, 76, is 6 master builder of this style of architecture. He demonstrated the traditional mortise-and-tenon (榫卯) building technique that uses only wooden joints. “This building style minimizes ground contact, 7 is crucial to preserving wooden structures in the region’s unique geography and climate,” Bai explained. “ 8 (see) this way of nail-free joints to build houses is incredible,” said student Constantin Goffard, who thought that this tradition must be preserved for its unique architectural value and the ancient engineering 9 (wise) behind it. In the end, Serneels expressed his hope that more young Europeans would visit China for immersive (沉浸式的) dialogue 10 discovery of the country’s stories. Passage 2 【文化习俗】 (2025-2026学年河北沧州市运河区沧州十校高三上学期2月期末英语试题) Recently, I attended a wedding in India and the Rio Carnival. The wedding in India took place in a 11 (bright) decorated hotel room, with many guests 12 (dress) up in formal, colourful clothes. A few customs made a very deep 13 (impress) on me. On one scene, the bridegroom rode 14 a beautiful white horse and entered. And then the bride’s father proudly led his daughter through the rows of seats to her husband. Later the couple 15 (join) hands and walked around a small fire four times. Then they took seven steps together by the fire, and with each step made 16 different promise. The other one, the Rio Carnival, Brazil, was quite different. A group of around 20 Brazilian dancers and a band in fancy costumes stood in the street, with some of them carrying flags 17 blew in the wind. Then there was an explosion of bright colours and lively music, and the group jumped into action and the crowd began 18 (cheer), clap and sing. The whole group started marching down the street. The Carnival current carried us through the ever-growing sea of people, 19 (dance) all the way. Though in different cultures, the two 20 (occasion) have the similar tastes — happy, lively and exciting. Passage 3 (2025-2026学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学联考高三上学期月考英语试题) Dining customs often provide an insight into a culture’s values. In the West, a separate meal for each person is a common practice. Even at a banquet, people take 21 they like for themselves rather than sharing dishes. With ever-widening opening up to the outside world, this Western culinary (烹饪的) practice has influenced China to a certain extent, 22 has not basically changed the eating habits of the Chinese people. In the eyes of the Chinese, what is important about eating, especially at festivals, is to eat in a certain atmosphere and with certain sentiments (情感). In the process, the old and young sit 23 the order of seniority, talking and laughing in a joyous atmosphere, 24 the elders select food for the young, and the young make toasts to the elders. It is a lively, warm and harmonious family 25 (reunite). A hostess or host in China would distribute the dishes to treat guests. Using a pair of serving chopsticks, she or he offers the best part of 26 (fry) fish to the most important guest, 27 custom which expresses respect, concern and hospitality and is still popular among elder Chinese. Such culinary customs 28 (have) a certain influence on the character of the Chinese people since ancient times. In a sense, it has strengthened the 29 (collect) spirit of the nation. At a party or a banquet, everyone first takes into consideration the needs of the group, with the eating process also 30 (be) a time to show humility and concern for others. This is different from Western eating habits, which pay more attention to individual needs. Passage 4 (2025-2026学年浙江省杭州学军中学高三年级上学期期末考试英语试卷) Chinese paper cutting, a time-honored folk art with a history dating back over 1,500 years, has been inscribed on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List. Originating in northern China, it has spread to various regions and developed unique styles, 31 (reflect) the diversity of traditional Chinese culture. As a carrier of people’s aspirations, paper cutting often features patterns of dragons, phoenixes, and peonies, 32 symbolize good fortune, prosperity, and happiness. The creation of paper cutting is a delicate process that requires patience and skill. 33 typical steps include designing patterns on paper, folding it neatly, and cutting with sharp scissors or specialized 34 (knife). Skilled artisans can turn a plain piece of red paper 35 exquisite works of art in just 10 to 15 minutes, with some complex designs taking hours to complete. These works are not only decorative but also used in rituals and celebrations, such as weddings and the Spring Festival. In the past, paper cuttings were mostly handmade by elders and passed down orally. Today, 36 modern technology has made mass production possible, many artisans still adhere to traditional techniques. Young designers have also joined in, blending paper cutting with contemporary art forms like digital media and fashion to make the ancient craft 37 (wide) used in modern life. This innovative integration has helped it gain 38 (popular) among younger generations eager to explore traditional culture, while preserving the art’s original charm. What makes paper cutting stand out is its ability 39 (convey) deep cultural meanings through simple forms. It has neither expensive materials nor complex tools, yet it can bridge the gap between the past and the present. Over the years, Chinese paper cutting 40 (become) a symbol of cultural exchange, with works exhibited in galleries and museums worldwide, showcasing the beauty of traditional Chinese culture to the world. Passage 5 (2025-2026学年安徽宣城市第一学期期末调研测试高三英语试题) Anhui Cuisine, known as Huicai, is highly distinctive for its wonderful selection of cooking ingredients and its strict control of the cooking process. Rooted in the unique 41 (geography) and cultural landscape of Anhui province, it 42 (preserve) most of the original taste and nutrition of the ingredients. Anhui chefs are masters at keeping the natural juices and flavors of the ingredients, 43 (ensure) that each dish is a harmonious blend of tastes. The food is slightly spicy and salty. Some master dishes 44 (cook) slowly in a heavy brown oily sauce. Ham and sugar are often added to improve the taste and enhance 45 (fresh). Huicai is a reflection of Anhui’s rich cultural heritage. This culinary (烹饪的) tradition was born of the inventiveness of the local people, 46 have made the most of the region’s natural resources. Whether it’s a family gathering during festivals 47 a formal dinner, Huicai is 48 essential part of the occasion, symbolizing hospitality, tradition, and the celebration of life. In conclusion, as an international chef once exclaimed, “Huicai manages 49 (balance) the boldness of flavors with the amazing cooking techniques.” Its rich history, distinctive flavors, and cultural significance make it a beloved part of Chinese culinary culture. As we explore the world of Hui Cuisine, we not only enjoy the delicious dishes but also gain a deeper appreciation 50 the heritage and traditions of Anhui. Passage 6 (2025-2026学年湖南常德市汉寿县第一中学高三上学期2月期末英语试题) Known for its beautiful scenery, Mount Wuyi is the only place in the country 51 is home to Wuyi rock tea. With tea farming dating back over 1,000 years, the mountain’s tea industry has a rich history. The area 52 (provide) tea for people at home and abroad since the first century CE, and in the 53 (eighteen) century, Wuyi rock tea was the most popular tea in Europe. However, its 54 (popular) was gained at the cost of the local environment. Illegal land reclamation (开垦) of tea mountains and the destruction (破坏) of plant resources have occurred frequently, 55 (damage) the environment in the area around Mount Wuyi. The need to strike a balance between farmers’ livelihoods and the local environment has appeared as 56 unique challenge for the Wuyishan National Park, which covers 1,280 square kilometers as it straddles (横跨) the eastern provinces of Fujian and Jiangxi. 57 (found) in 2021, it was among the first batch of China’s national parks. The park has a tea farming area of 34.54 square kilometers, accounting 58 2.7 percent of its total expanse. The 59 (authority) have cooperated with tea experts to develop measures for the protection and improvement of the Mount Wuyi tea industry and biodiversity, ensuring the sector’s sustainability for generations 60 (come). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 语言清单05 语法填空中的词类(五) (无提示词---连词（并列连词和三大从句) 突破策略 对连词的考查涉及并列句、名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句等,是高考语法填空的重点和难点，也是学生的易错点。做题时要认真分析句子成分，如果发现两个句子之间存在并列、转折、选择或者因果关系，则要填并列连词；如果空处引导从句，则首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句，然后根据连词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个。 技法感悟 并列句中的并列连词 1．not only...but also...连接的两个并列分句，可使用部分倒装，但只倒装not only 引导的分句。 2．使用“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”结构时，一定要注意连词的使用，不能遗漏。 3．when构成的句型。 (1)sb be doing sth when...某人正在做某事，这时…… (2)sb be about to do sth when...＝sb be on the point of doing sth when...某人正要做某事，这时…… (3)sb had just done sth when...某人刚做完某事，这时…… 定语从句关系词 1．who，whom和whose引导的定语从句。 (1)who和whom都指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。 (2)whose指人的或物的，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。 2．that和which引导的定语从句 that代替的先行词可以是人也可以是物，但是which代替的先行词只能是物。使用这两个关系词要注意以下两点： (1)6种只用that引导定语从句的情况。 ①先行词是all，everything，anything，nothing，something，little，much，none，few，the one等不定代词时。 ②先行词被all，any，few，every，no，little，much，some等修饰时。 ③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时。 ④先行词被the only，the very (正是，恰是), the last修饰时。 ⑤先行词既有人又有物时。 ⑥当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。 (2)4种只用which引导定语从句的情况。 ①引导非限制性定语从句时。 ②先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。 ③先行词本身是that时。 ④关系代词后有插入语时。 3．as引导的定语从句 as引导限制性定语从句主要用于the same...as...，such...as...和so...as...结构中。 as既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中。意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多用see，know，expect，say，mention，report等。 4. 关系副词when, where, why指代的先行词 先行词通常表示时间的名词：time，day，year等，先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；用关系副词when; 先行词通常表示场所的名词：park，place，country，house等; 有时先行词是表示抽象地点的名词，像activity，business，career，case，job，point，position，race，stage，situation等，当从句中缺少状语时，用关系副词where。先行词occasion意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。先行词表示原因的名词：reason，用关系副词why。 5. 介词＋关系词 “介词＋关系词”可以引导定语从句，如果先行词是物，关系词用which，如果先行词是人，关系词用whom，介词的确定依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定；依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定；根据所表达的意思来确定；whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 6. 当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，关系词可用that，in which或省略关系词。 名词性从句连接词 1．what与that的用法 that是从属连词，在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意义。而what是连接代词，在名词性从句中充当成分，通常充当主语、宾语或表语。 2．whether与if的用法 (1)用whether或if均可的情况 ①引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时，两者均可使用。 ②it作形式主语，且主语从句在句末时，两者均可引导主语从句。 (2)用whether而不用if的情况 ①引导主语从句置于句首时； ②引导表语从句和同位语从句时； ③引导介词的宾语从句时； ④引导词与or not连用时； ⑤引导词后接to do时； ⑥有些动词如discuss，decide等后的宾语从句。 3．what，who，which与whatever，whoever，whichever 引导名词性从句的区别 (1)what引导名词性从句意为“什么”，带有疑问意味；意为“……的事情”，表示肯定的意思。who意思是“谁”，带有疑问意味；which意思是“哪一个”，带有疑问意味。 (2)whatever，whoever，whichever意思分别为“所……的一切事或东西”，“任何……的人”“……的任何一种东西”等，并且充当成分，相当于anything that，anyone who等。 4．that不可省略的情况 (1)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时；that引导表语从句时；that引导同位语从句时；当it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语时。 (2)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其他的that不可省略。 5．同位语从句位于表示概念或思维的抽象名词之后，对该抽象名词起解释说明的作用 常见的抽象名词有news，idea，fact，promise，conclusion，theory，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息)，possibility，decision等。 6．why与because 引导表语从句的区别 why与because 引导表语从句时，前者强调结果，后者强调原因。特殊句型：the reason why… is that… ……理由是……； Why…. is that… ……原因是…… 7．as if/though引导的表语从句 as if/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be等后面，从句中既可以用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。 8．名词性从句的语序和时态 ①名词性从句的语序是陈述语序 ②名词性从句的时态 (1)当主句是现在时态(一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时)时， 从句可根据实际情况使用各种时态。 (2)当主句的谓语动词是过去时的时候，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也用某种过去时态。 状语从句连接词 1. 时间状语从句 ①“by＋过去的时间”引导的时间状语从句：主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时；主句用将来完成时，从句用一般现在时或现在完成时。 ②before的特殊用法：It will be＋时间段＋before从句(一般现在时)；It＋was＋时间段＋before从句(一般过去时) ③since引导时间状语从句，常用结构为“It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...”(从句用一般过去时)。 ④till/until的用法。 till/until用于肯定句，表示“直到……为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until 可用于句首，而till 不能用于句首。 ⑤表示“一……就……”的连词(短语)。 (1)as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directly，instantly等。 (2)在hardly...when...，no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，when或than所在的从句用一般过去时。 2．让步状语从句 (1)although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即将从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。 (2)although与though都可以与yet，still，nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。 (3)while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。 (4)no matter who(what，when，which，how等)引导让步状语从句时，相当于“who(what，when，which，how等)＋-ever”，表示“无论何人(什么，何时，哪个/些，怎样等)”。 (5)whether...or...引导让步状语从句时，意为“不管……，还是……”。 (6)even if/though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。 3．目的状语从句 (1)in order that与so that引导的目的状语从句 in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后；而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。 (2)for fear that与in case引导的目的状语从句 for fear that表示“唯恐；生怕”；in case表示“以免，以防”。 4．结果状语从句 (1) so＋＋that从句 (2) such＋＋that从句 注意：当“so＋adj./adv.”或“such＋n.”置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。 (3)so that也可以引导结果状语从句，从句中往往没有情态动词，而且主从句之间常用逗号隔开。 5．条件状语从句 if，unless，so/as long as，in case，on condition that，supposing/suppose (that)等都可以引导条件状语从句。条件状语从句要注意“主将从现”的用法。 unless意义上等于if not，在应用时如果不把握可以用if not 替换一下，讲得通的话，才能使用unless。 6．地点状语从句 where意为“在某个地方”；wherever意为“无论在哪里”。 7．原因状语从句 because意为“因为”，语气强烈，表示事情发生的直接原因，常用来回答why的提问；since意为“既然，由于”，语气较弱，通常置于句首，表示说话双方都知道的原因；as表示双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因，含义与since相同，但语气更弱；now that意为“既然，由于”，用已成事实的原因作为前提。 附录： 定语从句与其他七种易混句型的区别 1.定语从句与并列句的区别 两个句子之间若有and，but，so等并列连词或分号则为并列句，此时不需要再填引导词。 2.定语从句与独立主格结构的区别 定语从句有谓语动词，所以需要引导词，而独立主格结构不是句子，没有谓语动词，所以不需要再填引导词。 3.定语从句与地点状语从句的区别 定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰的是先行词，而地点状语从句修饰的是谓语动词。 4.定语从句与时间状语从句的区别 定语从句有表示时间的先行词，而时间状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰先行词，而时间状语从句修饰谓语动词。 5.定语从句与结果状语从句的区别 在the same...as...与such...as...结构中，as引导定语从句并在从句中充当一定的成分；such/so...that...引导的结果状语从句中，that在从句中不作成分。 6.定语从句与主语从句的区别 定语从句是形容词性从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，在整个句子中作定语，用来修饰前面的名词或代词；而主语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，在整个句子中作主语。 7.定语从句与强调句型的区别 强调句的结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”，It is/was和that/who在句中不作任何成分，也不起连接作用，去掉后，句子依然完整。但是定语从句的关系词既起连接作用还在从句中充当成分，去掉以后结构就不完整了。 巩固提升 2025真题演练 1. (2025新高考I卷) An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ________ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2. (2025新高考I卷) Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, _______ the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 【答案】and 【解析】考查连词。the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, the energy flow following each move三者为并列关系，作并列主语，所以空处需用连词and。故填and。 3. (2025新高考Ⅱ卷) Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ________ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 4. (2025新高考Ⅱ卷) But it’s amazing how you can adapt _______ learn in a new environment. 【答案】and 【解析】考查连词。句意：但令人惊讶的是，你是如何适应并在新环境中学习的。adapt和learn是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 5. (2025 1月浙江) Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead ______ the fact that they have something unique to wear on are not overstuffing their own wardrobes(衣柜) or contributing to landfill. 【答案】and  【解析】考查连词。两者为并列关系，故用并列连词and来连接。 6. (2025 1月浙江) Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ______ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 【答案】which  【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。先行词为“less formal clothing”，指物，在从句中作主语，故填which。 7. (2025北京卷) The truth, though, is _______ could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest. 【答案】what 【解析】考查表语从句的引导词。句意：不过，真相正如所料——这里从来没有其他人。is后接表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，用what引导，what在从句中作主语，意为“…… 的事情”。故填what。 8. (2025北京卷) However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, _______ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意见上题解析。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是1.3 billion tons of food waste，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 模拟演练 1．Jia once explained on her Weibo account: “The film is not related to weight loss and even has very little connection with boxing. It tells a kind person finds herself and learns to love herself.” 【答案】how 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：贾玲曾在微博上解释说：“这部电影与减肥无关，甚至与拳击也没有什么关系。它讲述了一个善良的人如何发现自己，学会爱自己。”分析句子可知，设空格处引导宾语从句，作动词“tells”的宾语。从句中主谓宾结构完整，结合句意“它讲述了一个善良的人如何找到自我并学会爱自己”，可知此处需表达“如何”，应用连接词副词“how”。故填 how。 2．The marathon runner maintained his steady pace, conserving his energy, and didn’t make his final push until he reached the last mile of the race, the finish line was within sight. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位马拉松运动员保持着稳定的速度，保存着自己的能量，直到跑到比赛的最后一英里，终点线就在眼前，他才做出最后的冲刺。本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the last mile of the race，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。 3．In the context of globalization, cultural exchanges have become increasingly frequent, the preservation of local traditions faces unique challenges that were not present in the past. 【答案】where 【详解】考查连词。句意：在文化交流日益频繁的全球化背景下，保护地方传统面临着前所未有的独特挑战。先行词为the context of globalization，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。 4．It will be several years the full impact of the recent technological advancements in artificial intelligence is fully understood. 【答案】before 【详解】考查固定句型和时间状语从句。句意：要过几年，人们才能完全理解人工智能近期技术进步的全部影响。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型“It will be + 一段时间 + before...”，意为“要过多久才……”，满足句意要求。before引导时间状语从句。故填before。 5．Jingdezhen has a fascinating and storied history, of which I knew little I had the opportunity to visit it recently. 【答案】until 【详解】考查连词。句意：景德镇有着迷人且富有传奇色彩的历史，我对它知之甚少，直到我最近有机会去参观它，。until表示“直到……才”，引导时间状语从句，符合句子逻辑，即去参观之前对其了解少。故填until。 6．Nowadays, the fine sharp needles measuring usually between 15 and 75 millimeters in length are still used in acupuncture, most of the others have been replaced by more complex medical instruments. 【答案】while 【详解】考查连词。句意：如今，通常长度在15到75毫米之间的锋利细针仍用于针灸，而其他大多数（工具）已被更复杂的医疗器械所取代。根据句意可知，空处填while“而，然而”，在此处作连词，表对比，连接前后两个句子，故填while。 7． impressed people most about Yuan Long ping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：袁隆平给人们印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”，故应用连接代词What引导，并且在句子开头，首字母要大写。故填What。 8．Why different crops are grown is they put important minerals back into the ground. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：之所以要种植不同种类的作物，原因是这些作物可以将重要的矿物质回补到土壤当中。此处引导表语从句，从句句式完整，且此处无意思，故应用that引导表语从句，故填that。 9．Scientists have found clear evidence plants are connected through an underground fungal network.【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家们已经找到了确凿的证据，证明植物之间是通过地下真菌网络相互连接的。此处为同位语从句，说明evidence的内容，从句不缺少成分或句意。故填that。 10．It remains to be seen the new chemical pesticide is effective. 【答案】whether/if 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：这种新的化学农药是否有效还有待观察。分析句子可知，it是形式主语，真正的主语是“the new chemical pesticide is effective”，依据句意可知，新的化学农药的有效性这件事尚不确定，因此空处应填表示“是否”的引导词whether或者if。故填whether/if。 11． he quit his high-paying job is not difficult to understand. He wanted to start up his own business. 【答案】That 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他辞去那份高薪工作这件事并不难理解。他想自己创业了。引导主语从句，从句不缺少成分和句意，故用that。首字母大写。故填That。 12．No one can imagine breathtaking the scenery of the West Lake is in spring. 【答案】how 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：没有人能够想象西湖在春天的景色有多么令人惊叹。引导宾语从句，修饰形容词 breathtaking，意为“多么令人惊叹”用how。故填how。 13． matters most is that you have tried your best. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：最重要的是，你已经尽了最大的努力。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故用what，位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 14．In 1969, NASA successfully assembled a crew of three astronauts for the Apollo 11 mission, one of became the first human to walk on the moon. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：1969年，美国国家航空航天局成功组建了一支由三名宇航员组成的机组，参与了阿波罗11号任务。其中一名宇航员成为了首位在月球上行走的人类。此处为介词+关系代词结构的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词three astronauts，作介词的宾语，指人，故填whom。 15．Snow began by marking on the map the exact places all those who died had lived. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Snow首先在地图上标出所有死者曾经居住过的确切地点。空处引导定语从句，先行词是places，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 16．Mary got the first place in the competition, made her parents very excited. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：玛丽在比赛中获得了第一名，这让她父母非常兴奋。非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故填which。 17．No matter difficulties we encounter, we should see each challenge as a chance to learn and improve. 【答案】what 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论我们遇到何种困难，都应将每一个挑战视为一个学习和提升自我的机会。引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”用no matter what，故填what。 18．It won’t be long virtual museums and interactive three-D exhibitions become common. 【答案】before 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：不久，虚拟博物馆和交互式三维展览就会变得很常见。固定句型It won’t be long before...意为“不久就……”。故填before。 19．It was quite a long time I understood that failure is part of success. 【答案】before 【详解】考查连词。句意：过了很长一段时间我才明白，失败其实是成功的一部分。“It was +时间段+ before...”是一个常用句型，意思是“过了多长时间才……”。故填before。 20．In 2017, a computer program named AlphaGo defeated Ke Jie, arguably the best human Go player, demonstrated a significant advance in deep-learning AI systems. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：2017年，一个名为AlphaGo的计算机程序击败了柯洁——可以说是最优秀的人类围棋选手，这展示了深度学习人工智能系统的重大进步。空格引导非限制性定语从句，且从句缺主语，指代整个主句所述事件（AlphaGo击败柯洁），因此应用关系代词 which。故填which。 冲刺突破 语法填空 Passage 1 【旅游文化】 (2025-2026学年山东菏泽市山东省菏泽市大联考高三上学期2月期末英语) Greeted with lively folk songs and home-made rice wine by enthusiastic locals in bright traditional clothes, 19 Belgian professors and students were attracted by the unique ethnic culture of the Tujia people in Chongqing. “People and nature as well as the cultural environment here are 1 (fascinate),” said Francois Serneels, the leader of the tour group. Serneels first came to China in 1999. About 15 years ago, he visited Hewan Village, which is located in the mountainous Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County. And as he recalls, he has returned to this village about five 2 (time). Having witnessed the incredible changes that have taken place in this Tujia village over the years, Serneels said, “What truly inspires me is how both the government and locals are working 3 (protect) their traditions. That’s why I bring students here.” During their visit, the students and professors hiked misty hills to appreciate the village’s ecological beauty. They also learned about the local agricultural traditions, gaining hands-on farming experience while engaging in an in-depth cultural exchange. Beyond the picturesque scenery, the unique architectural techniques 4 (use) to build Tujia stilted buildings (土家吊脚楼) particularly impressed the foreign visitors. The village has 245 stilted structures and 5 (be) home to a museum dedicated to the architecture of the Tujia ethnic group. Bai Kaigui, 76, is 6 master builder of this style of architecture. He demonstrated the traditional mortise-and-tenon (榫卯) building technique that uses only wooden joints. “This building style minimizes ground contact, 7 is crucial to preserving wooden structures in the region’s unique geography and climate,” Bai explained. “ 8 (see) this way of nail-free joints to build houses is incredible,” said student Constantin Goffard, who thought that this tradition must be preserved for its unique architectural value and the ancient engineering 9 (wise) behind it. In the end, Serneels expressed his hope that more young Europeans would visit China for immersive (沉浸式的) dialogue 10 discovery of the country’s stories. 【答案】1．fascinating 2．times 3．to protect 4．used 5．is 6．a 7．which 8．Seeing 9．wisdom 10．and 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了比利时教授和学生们在重庆酉阳土家族苗族自治县河湾村的沉浸式文化体验，他们被当地独特的民族文化、生态美景和传统建筑技艺所吸引，并对当地保护传统的努力表示赞赏。 1．考查形容词。句意：这里的人与自然以及文化环境都令人着迷。此处作系动词are的表语，主语“People and nature as well as the cultural environment”即有人又有物，表示“令人着迷的”，需用形容词fascinating。故填fascinating。 2．考查名词。句意：且据他回忆，他已经回到这个村子大约五次了。time表示“次数”时为可数名词，前面有five修饰，需用复数形式times。故填times。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：真正激励我的是政府和当地人如何努力保护他们的传统。how引导的表语从句中已有谓语动词are working，空处应填非谓语形式，此处表示目的，意为“为了保护”，需用不定式to protect作目的状语。故填to protect。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了如画的风景，用于建造土家吊脚楼的独特建筑技术尤其给外国游客留下了深刻印象。此句已有谓语动词impressed，空处应填非谓语形式，又因动词use与其逻辑主语architectural techniques之间是被动关系，且动作已完成，需用过去分词used作后置定语。故填used。 5．考查谓语动词。句意：这个村子有245座吊脚楼，并且是一个致力于土家族建筑的博物馆的所在地。根据前半句的has可知，此处句子时态为一般现在时；主语The village是单数，be动词需用is。故填is。 6．考查冠词。句意：76岁的白开贵是这种建筑风格的一位建筑大师。此处表示泛指“一位”，master以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。故填a。 7．考查定语从句。句意：这种建筑风格最大限度地减少了地面接触，这对于在该地区独特的地理和气候条件下保护木结构至关重要。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容，关系词在从句中作主语，需用关系代词which。故填which。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：“看到这种不用钉子的榫卯方式建造房屋，真是不可思议。”学生Constantin Goffard说，他认为这一传统必须被保留，因为其独特的建筑价值和背后古老的工程智慧。此处作句子的主语，需用动名词形式seeing，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Seeing。 9．考查名词。句意：“看到这种不用钉子的榫卯方式建造房屋，真是不可思议。”学生Constantin Goffard说，他认为这一传统必须被保留，因为其独特的建筑价值和背后古老的工程智慧。根据“its unique architectural value and”可知，and连接并列的名词短语，作介词for的宾语，此处需用名词，且wise的名词形式wisdom“智慧”为不可数名词。故填wisdom。 10．考查连词。句意：最后，Serneels表示，他希望更多的欧洲年轻人来中国进行沉浸式对话和发现中国的故事。此句中“immersive (沉浸式的) dialogue”与“discovery of the country’s stories”是并列的体验，需用并列连词and连接两个名词短语。故填and。 Passage 2 【文化习俗】 (2025-2026学年河北沧州市运河区沧州十校高三上学期2月期末英语试题) Recently, I attended a wedding in India and the Rio Carnival. The wedding in India took place in a 11 (bright) decorated hotel room, with many guests 12 (dress) up in formal, colourful clothes. A few customs made a very deep 13 (impress) on me. On one scene, the bridegroom rode 14 a beautiful white horse and entered. And then the bride’s father proudly led his daughter through the rows of seats to her husband. Later the couple 15 (join) hands and walked around a small fire four times. Then they took seven steps together by the fire, and with each step made 16 different promise. The other one, the Rio Carnival, Brazil, was quite different. A group of around 20 Brazilian dancers and a band in fancy costumes stood in the street, with some of them carrying flags 17 blew in the wind. Then there was an explosion of bright colours and lively music, and the group jumped into action and the crowd began 18 (cheer), clap and sing. The whole group started marching down the street. The Carnival current carried us through the ever-growing sea of people, 19 (dance) all the way. Though in different cultures, the two 20 (occasion) have the similar tastes — happy, lively and exciting. 【答案】11．brightly 12．dressed 13．impression 14．on 15．joined 16．a 17．which/that 18．to cheer 19．dancing 20．occasions 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者参加的印度婚礼和里约狂欢节两个不同文化场景，展现了它们不同的习俗和相似的欢乐氛围。 11．考查副词。句意：印度的婚礼在一个装饰华丽的酒店房间里举行，许多宾客身着正式、色彩鲜艳的服装。空格后decorated为形容词，需用副词修饰，bright的副词形式为brightly，此处表示“华丽地”。故填brightly。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：印度的婚礼在一个装饰华丽的酒店房间里举行，许多宾客身着正式、色彩鲜艳的服装。此处为with的复合结构，宾语many guests与dress之间为被动关系，需用过去分词作宾补。故填dressed。 13．考查名词。句意：有几个习俗给我留下了非常深刻的印象。空格前有不定冠词a和形容词deep修饰，需用名词单数形式，impress的名词形式为impression。故填impression。 14．考查介词。句意：在一个场景中，新郎骑着一匹漂亮的白马入场。ride on a horse为固定搭配，意为“骑马”。故填on。 15．考查动词时态。句意：后来，这对夫妇手拉手绕着一堆小火走了四圈。此处为句子谓语动词，结合全文语境可知，文章讲述的是作者过去参加的婚礼和狂欢节，时态为一般过去时，join的过去式为joined。故填joined。 16．考查冠词。句意：然后他们一起在火边走了七步，每一步都许下一个不同的承诺。promise为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，此处表示“一个不同的承诺”，为泛指，且different是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 17．考查定语从句。句意：一群大约20名巴西舞者和一支穿着奇异服装的乐队站在街上，其中一些人举着在风中飘扬的旗帜。此处为定语从句，先行词为flags，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：接着，鲜艳的色彩和欢快的音乐突然爆发出来，这群人立刻行动起来，人群开始欢呼、鼓掌和歌唱。begin to do sth和begin doing sth均为固定搭配，意为“开始做某事”，结合下文clap和sing可知，此处应用begin to do。故填to cheer。 19．考查非谓语动词。句意：狂欢节的热潮带着我们穿过不断壮大的人海，一路跳舞。此处为伴随状语，逻辑主语the Carnival current与dance之间为主动关系，需用现在分词。故填dancing。 20．考查名词复数。句意：虽然在不同的文化中，这两个场合有着相似的氛围——欢乐、热闹且令人兴奋。空格前有基数词two修饰，需用名词复数形式，occasion的复数为occasions。故填occasions。 Passage 3 (2025-2026学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学联考高三上学期月考英语试题) Dining customs often provide an insight into a culture’s values. In the West, a separate meal for each person is a common practice. Even at a banquet, people take 21 they like for themselves rather than sharing dishes. With ever-widening opening up to the outside world, this Western culinary (烹饪的) practice has influenced China to a certain extent, 22 has not basically changed the eating habits of the Chinese people. In the eyes of the Chinese, what is important about eating, especially at festivals, is to eat in a certain atmosphere and with certain sentiments (情感). In the process, the old and young sit 23 the order of seniority, talking and laughing in a joyous atmosphere, 24 the elders select food for the young, and the young make toasts to the elders. It is a lively, warm and harmonious family 25 (reunite). A hostess or host in China would distribute the dishes to treat guests. Using a pair of serving chopsticks, she or he offers the best part of 26 (fry) fish to the most important guest, 27 custom which expresses respect, concern and hospitality and is still popular among elder Chinese. Such culinary customs 28 (have) a certain influence on the character of the Chinese people since ancient times. In a sense, it has strengthened the 29 (collect) spirit of the nation. At a party or a banquet, everyone first takes into consideration the needs of the group, with the eating process also 30 (be) a time to show humility and concern for others. This is different from Western eating habits, which pay more attention to individual needs. 【答案】21．what 22．but/yet 23．in 24．where 25．reunion 26．fried 27．a 28．have had 29．collective 30．being 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要对比介绍了中西方用餐习俗的差异，指出西方“分餐制”与中国“共餐制”背后的文化价值观，强调了中国饮食习俗对民族性格和集体精神的影响。 21．考查宾语从句。句意：即使在宴会上，人们也会自己取喜欢的食物，而不是分享菜肴。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句中“like”后缺少宾语，指代“所喜欢的东西”，应用连接代词what来引导。故填what。 22．考查连词。句意：随着中国对外开放不断扩大，这种西方饮食习俗在一定程度上影响了中国，但并没有从根本上改变中国人的饮食习惯。根据语意可知，空格前后为转折关系，应用连词but或yet来连接。故填but/yet。 23．考查介词。句意：在这个过程中，老少按辈分就座，在欢乐的气氛中谈笑风生，长辈为晚辈夹菜，晚辈向长辈敬酒。“in the order of”为固定短语，意为“按照……的顺序”，故填in。 24．考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“a joyous atmosphere”，表示抽象地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where来引导。故填where。 25．考查名词。句意：这是一场生动、温暖、和谐的家庭团聚。根据空格前的不定冠词“a”可知，此处应用reunite的名词单数形式reunion，意为“团聚”，family reunion表示“家庭团聚”。故填reunion。 26．考查非谓语动词。句意：主人或女主人会用公筷把煎鱼最好的部分夹给最重要的客人，这是一种表达尊重、关心和好客的习俗，在年长的中国人中仍然很流行。句中已有谓语动词offers，所以此处应用fry的非谓语动词形式，因其与修饰名词“fish”之间为被动关系，即鱼被煎，所以应用过去分词形式作定语。故填fried。 27．考查冠词。句意：同上。此处空格后的“custom”为可数名词，表示泛指“一种习俗”，且“custom”以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a来修饰。故填a。 28．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这种饮食习俗自古以来对中国人的性格产生了一定的影响。根据时间状语“since ancient times”和语境可知，此处表示过去某事对现在造成影响，应用现在完成时；主语“Such culinary customs”为复数，助动词用have，故填have had。 29．考查形容词。句意：从某种意义上说，它增强了民族的集体精神。修饰名词“spirit”，应用collect的形容词形式collective作定语，意为“集体的”。故填collective。 30．考查非谓语动词。句意：在聚会或宴会上，每个人首先考虑的是群体的需要，而用餐过程也是展示谦逊和关心他人的时刻。此处为“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”复合结构，“be”与宾语“the eating process”之间为主动关系，应用其现在分词形式作宾补。故填being。 Passage 4 (2025-2026学年浙江省杭州学军中学高三年级上学期期末考试英语试卷) Chinese paper cutting, a time-honored folk art with a history dating back over 1,500 years, has been inscribed on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List. Originating in northern China, it has spread to various regions and developed unique styles, 31 (reflect) the diversity of traditional Chinese culture. As a carrier of people’s aspirations, paper cutting often features patterns of dragons, phoenixes, and peonies, 32 symbolize good fortune, prosperity, and happiness. The creation of paper cutting is a delicate process that requires patience and skill. 33 typical steps include designing patterns on paper, folding it neatly, and cutting with sharp scissors or specialized 34 (knife). Skilled artisans can turn a plain piece of red paper 35 exquisite works of art in just 10 to 15 minutes, with some complex designs taking hours to complete. These works are not only decorative but also used in rituals and celebrations, such as weddings and the Spring Festival. In the past, paper cuttings were mostly handmade by elders and passed down orally. Today, 36 modern technology has made mass production possible, many artisans still adhere to traditional techniques. Young designers have also joined in, blending paper cutting with contemporary art forms like digital media and fashion to make the ancient craft 37 (wide) used in modern life. This innovative integration has helped it gain 38 (popular) among younger generations eager to explore traditional culture, while preserving the art’s original charm. What makes paper cutting stand out is its ability 39 (convey) deep cultural meanings through simple forms. It has neither expensive materials nor complex tools, yet it can bridge the gap between the past and the present. Over the years, Chinese paper cutting 40 (become) a symbol of cultural exchange, with works exhibited in galleries and museums worldwide, showcasing the beauty of traditional Chinese culture to the world. 【答案】31．reflecting 32．which 33．The 34．knives 35．into 36．though/although/while 37．widely 38．popularity 39．to convey 40．has become 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国剪纸艺术的历史、特点、制作过程、传承与发展及其文化意义。 31．考查非谓语动词。句意：它起源于中国北方，已传播到各个地区，并发展出独特的风格，反映了中国传统文化的多样性。空处需用非谓语动词作状语，空处动词reflect与主句之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词作状语。故填reflecting。 32．考查定语从句。句意：作为人们愿望的载体，剪纸常以龙、凤、牡丹等图案为特色，象征着好运、繁荣和幸福。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是patterns of dragons, phoenixes, and peonies，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。 33．考查冠词。句意：典型的步骤包括在纸上设计图案，整齐地折叠，然后用锋利的剪刀或专门的刀切割。根据句意可知，此处表示特指典型的步骤，所以空处需用定冠词the，句首单词，首字母需大写。故填The。34．考查名词复数。句意：典型的步骤包括在纸上设计图案，整齐地折叠，然后用锋利的剪刀或专门的刀切割。knife“刀”，可数名词，根据空前形容词specialized可知，空处需用名词作宾语，由空前scissors可知，空处名词需用复数。故填knives。 35．考查介词。句意：熟练的工匠可以在10到15分钟内将一张普通的红纸变成精美的艺术品，而一些复杂的设计则需要数小时才能完成。固定短语turn...into...“把……变成……”。故填into。 36．考查让步状语从。句意：如今，尽管现代技术使大规模生产成为可能，但许多工匠仍然坚持传统技术。根据空前后句意可知，此处表示让步关系，需用though/although/while“尽管”引导让步状语从句。故填though/although/while。 37．考查副词。句意：年轻的设计师也加入进来，将剪纸与数字媒体和时尚等当代艺术形式相结合，使这种古老的工艺在现代生活中得到广泛应用。根据空后used可知，空处需用副词作状语修饰动词used，wide的副词为widely“广泛地”。故填widely。 38．考查名词。句意：这种创新的融合帮助它在渴望探索传统文化的年轻一代中获得了人气，同时保留了艺术的原始魅力。根据空前动词gain可知，空处需用名词作宾语，popular的名词为popularity“人气，受欢迎”，不可数名词。故填popularity。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意：剪纸的独特之处在于它能够通过简单的形式传达深刻的文化意义。固定搭配ability to do sth.“做某事的能力”，所以空处需用动词不定式，作后置定语，修饰名词ability。故填to convey。40．考查动词时态。句意：多年来，中国剪纸已成为文化交流的象征，其作品在世界各地的画廊和博物馆展出，向世界展示了中国传统文化的美丽。根据时间状语Over the years可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态have/has done，主语是单数Chinese paper cutting，所以空处助动词需用has。故填has become。 Passage 5 (2025-2026学年安徽宣城市第一学期期末调研测试高三英语试题) Anhui Cuisine, known as Huicai, is highly distinctive for its wonderful selection of cooking ingredients and its strict control of the cooking process. Rooted in the unique 41 (geography) and cultural landscape of Anhui province, it 42 (preserve) most of the original taste and nutrition of the ingredients. Anhui chefs are masters at keeping the natural juices and flavors of the ingredients, 43 (ensure) that each dish is a harmonious blend of tastes. The food is slightly spicy and salty. Some master dishes 44 (cook) slowly in a heavy brown oily sauce. Ham and sugar are often added to improve the taste and enhance 45 (fresh). Huicai is a reflection of Anhui’s rich cultural heritage. This culinary (烹饪的) tradition was born of the inventiveness of the local people, 46 have made the most of the region’s natural resources. Whether it’s a family gathering during festivals 47 a formal dinner, Huicai is 48 essential part of the occasion, symbolizing hospitality, tradition, and the celebration of life. In conclusion, as an international chef once exclaimed, “Huicai manages 49 (balance) the boldness of flavors with the amazing cooking techniques.” Its rich history, distinctive flavors, and cultural significance make it a beloved part of Chinese culinary culture. As we explore the world of Hui Cuisine, we not only enjoy the delicious dishes but also gain a deeper appreciation 50 the heritage and traditions of Anhui. 【答案】41．geographic/geographical 42．preserves 43．ensuring 44．are cooked 45．freshness 46．who 47．or 48．an 49．to balance 50．for/of 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，徽菜因独特食材选择与烹饪过程把控而极具特色，文章介绍了其烹饪特点、口味，反映的文化传承，强调徽菜在各种场合的重要地位，以及其在中华饮食文化中的价值。 41．考查形容词。句意：徽菜植根于安徽省独特的地理和文化风貌，保留了食材的大部分原始风味和营养。此处与cultural并列修饰名词landscape，应用形容词形式，geography的形容词为geographic或geographical，意为“地理的”，故填geographic/geographical。 42．考查动词时态。句意：徽菜植根于安徽省独特的地理和文化风貌，保留了食材的大部分原始风味和营养。此句描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语it为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词preserve用第三人称单数形式preserves，故填preserves。 43．考查非谓语动词。句意：安徽厨师擅长保留食材的天然汁水和风味，确保每道菜都是口味的和谐融合。此句已有谓语动词are，所以ensure应使用非谓语形式，其逻辑主语是前面整个句子“Anhui chefs are masters at keeping the natural juices and flavors of the ingredients”，二者是主动关系，故用现在分词ensuring作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，故填ensuring。 44．考查动词语态和时态。句意：一些招牌菜是用浓郁的褐色油酱慢慢烹制而成的。此处描述客观事实，且主语Some master dishes与cook之间是被动关系，即“菜被烹饪”，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are +过去分词”，主语Some master dishes是复数，be动词用are，cook的过去分词是cooked，故填are cooked。 45．考查名词。句意：通常会加入火腿和糖来提味和增添鲜味。空前有动词enhance，此处应填名词作宾语，fresh的名词形式为freshness，意为“新鲜；鲜味”，故填freshness。 46．考查定语从句。句意：这种烹饪传统源于当地人民的创造力，他们充分利用了该地区的自然资源。此句为定语从句，先行词为the local people，指人，且在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导，故填who。 47．考查固定搭配。句意：无论是节日家庭聚会还是正式晚宴，徽菜都是场合中必不可少的一部分，象征着热情好客、传统以及对生活的庆祝。whether...or...为固定搭配，意为“无论……还是……”，故填or。 48．考查冠词。句意：无论是节日家庭聚会还是正式晚宴，徽菜都是场合中必不可少的一部分，象征着热情好客、传统以及对生活的庆祝。part为可数名词单数，此处泛指“一个必不可少的部分”，且essential是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词an，故填an。 49．考查固定搭配。句意：正如一位国际厨师曾经赞叹的：“徽菜成功地在浓郁的风味与精湛的烹饪技巧之间达到了平衡。”manage to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“成功做某事”，故填to balance。 50．考查固定搭配。句意：当我们探索徽菜的世界时，我们不仅享受美味的菜肴，也能更深刻地领略安徽的文化遗产和传统。gain an appreciation for/of为固定搭配，意为“对……有更深刻的理解/欣赏”，故填for/of。 Passage 6 (2025-2026学年湖南常德市汉寿县第一中学高三上学期2月期末英语试题) Known for its beautiful scenery, Mount Wuyi is the only place in the country 51 is home to Wuyi rock tea. With tea farming dating back over 1,000 years, the mountain’s tea industry has a rich history. The area 52 (provide) tea for people at home and abroad since the first century CE, and in the 53 (eighteen) century, Wuyi rock tea was the most popular tea in Europe. However, its 54 (popular) was gained at the cost of the local environment. Illegal land reclamation (开垦) of tea mountains and the destruction (破坏) of plant resources have occurred frequently, 55 (damage) the environment in the area around Mount Wuyi. The need to strike a balance between farmers’ livelihoods and the local environment has appeared as 56 unique challenge for the Wuyishan National Park, which covers 1,280 square kilometers as it straddles (横跨) the eastern provinces of Fujian and Jiangxi. 57 (found) in 2021, it was among the first batch of China’s national parks. The park has a tea farming area of 34.54 square kilometers, accounting 58 2.7 percent of its total expanse. The 59 (authority) have cooperated with tea experts to develop measures for the protection and improvement of the Mount Wuyi tea industry and biodiversity, ensuring the sector’s sustainability for generations 60 (come). 【答案】51．that 52．has been providing/has provided 53．eighteenth 54．popularity 55．damaging 56．a 57．Founded 58．for 59．authorities 60．to come 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。武夷山是武夷岩茶在中国的唯一产地，但当地的环境却受到了破坏，为了在农民生计和当地环境之间取得平衡，武夷山国家公园旨在发展可持续的茶叶产业。 51．考查定语从句。句意：武夷山以其美丽的风景而闻名，是全国唯一一个武夷岩茶的故乡。所填词在此处引导的是一个限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，又因为其先行词 place 被the only修饰，应用关系代词that。故填that。 52．考查动词时态和语态。句意：自公元一世纪以来，该地区为国内外的人们提供茶叶，在18世纪，武夷岩茶是欧洲最受欢迎的茶。分析句子可知，空格处是句子的谓语部分，根据时间状语since the first century CE可知，该空用现在完成进行时或现在完成时。故填has been providing/has provided。 53．考查序数词。句意同上题。根据空前的定冠词the可知，该空用所给基数词的序数词，in the eighteenth century表示“在18世纪”。故填eighteenth。 54．考查名词。句意：但是，它的流行是以当地的环境为代价换来的。分析句子可知，空格处为是句子的主语，用所给形容词popular的名词形式popularity，不可数，故填popularity。 55．考查非谓语动词。句意：非法开垦茶山填海造地和对植物资源的破坏经常发生，毁坏了武夷山一带的环境。分析句子可知，空格处为句子的结果状语，应使用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，故填damaging。 56．考查冠词。句意：对占地1280平方公里的武夷山国家公园来说，在农民生计和当地环境之间取得平衡是一个独特的挑战。分析句子可知，challenge 是单数可数名词，表示泛指空格处缺少冠词，且unique是以辅音音素开头的单词，故该空用不定冠词a。故填a。 57．考查非谓语动词。句意：它成立于2021年，是中国首批国家公园之一。分析该句成分可知，此处是句子的状语部分，所填词与该句的主语it存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故该空用所给动词的过去分词founded，位于句首首字母大写。故填Founded。 58．考查介词。句意：茶园面积34.54平方公里，占总面积的2.7%。分析句子可知，空格处缺少介词，构成固定短语account for意为“占比……”，故填for。 59．考查可数名词复数。句意：当局与茶叶专家合作，制定保护和改善武夷山茶叶产业和生物多样性的措施，确保该部门世世代代的可持续性。分析句子可知，空格处为句子主语，authority是一个可数名词，又根据后面的助动词have可知，该空用所给名词的复数形式authorities。故填authorities。 60．考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处为后置定语修饰名词generations，表示将来，用动词不定式，故填to come。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $