语言清单04 语法填空中的词类（四）无提示词-冠词，介词，代词（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

语言清单04 语法填空中的词类(四) (无提示词---冠词/介词/代词it) 突破策略 1.注意泛指还是特指: 如果空格后的名词或“形容词＋名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。如果空格及后面的名词在文中第一次出现，可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”，一般填a/an；如果是前文已经提到过，可翻译成“这/那个，这/那些”，一般填the。如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。注意冠词的固定搭配。 分析句子成分 2. 如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名词、代词或动名词前一定是填介词。注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用；注意有特殊用法的介词，如接复合宾语就只能用with或without。 3. 通过句式结构和“指代”，判断是否用it；如果指代上文提到的同一个事物，则用it；如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况则用it；如果作形式主语或形式宾语，则用it；注意一些固定用法：dislike/hate/appreciate/depend on/see to...＋it＋从句。 技法感悟 冠词 不定冠词a/ an ①表示泛指“某个”。当说话人第一次提及某人、某物时通常用不定冠词；在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a，在发音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。②表示“同一，相同”。③表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。④表示“每一”，相当于per/each/every。⑤表示“一类”事物。 定冠词 the ①用于普通名词构成的专有名词之前。②用于序数词之前。③用在朝代、世纪前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示“在某世纪几十年代”。④用于江、河、湖、海、山、岛前。⑤用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妻俩”。⑥用在形容词或分词前，表示某一类人或物。⑦摸/打/抓(等表动作的词)＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体部位。⑧用于形容词或副词的最高级前。⑨用在世界上独一无二的事物前。⑩特指上文已经提到过的人或事物。 介词 表示方位的介词 ①across指从较为平坦的表面穿过。②through指从立体的事物中间穿过。③to指“到某处，去某处”。④under在……下面，无接触面。⑤in在……里面。⑥into到……里面。⑦over在……正上方(无接触面)；on在……上面(有接触面)。⑧around在/向……周围。⑨beneath在……下面(有接触面)。⑩beside在……旁边。⑪out of向/在……外面。⑫from从……。⑬beyond 在/向……较远的一边，超出。 表示时间的介词 ①on指在具体的某一天。②in用在年/月/季节/世纪等大时间之前，或者指上/下午或晚上；也可用在表示一段时间的词之前，表示“多久之后”。③at用在几点钟或night/noon之前。④before在……之前。⑤until直到……时候。⑥during在……期间。⑦for表示延续一段时间。⑧over表示“在……期间”，表延续。 表示原因的介词 ①for表示原因，后面可以跟名词(词组)或动名词。②at/over用在表示情绪的形容词之后，后面跟代词或名词(词组)。③with用在表示情绪的名词之前。④because of/owing to/due to/thanks to之后不跟陈述句，跟名词(短语)/名词性从句。 其他重要介词 ①between表示“两者之间”。②for表示“支持”。③against表示“反对”。④by表示“借助/通过……”，也可以表示“被……”。⑤despite表示“尽管”，等于in spite of。⑥among表示在三者或三者以上中。⑦besides表示“除此之外(还)”。⑧within表示“在……范围之内”。⑨except表示同类事物除外。⑩except for表示与整体陈述相对的细节修补。 代词it 1.it指天气、时间、距离、环境等; 代替前面提过的事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词。指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)。 2. 用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。 ①It＋be＋adj./n.＋for/of sb＋不定式 ②It is no good/use/useless doing sth.做某事是没有好处/用处的。 ③It＋be＋名词词组(a pity/a fact/no wonder...)/adj.＋that从句 ④It＋特殊动词(短语)(seem/appear/turn out/occur to sb...)＋that从句 ⑤It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句 ⑥It takes sb time/patience/effort/energy to do sth ⑦主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...＋it＋adj./n.＋(for/of sb) to do sth/宾语从句 ⑧用于like，enjoy，hate，love，appreciate等表示“喜欢、憎恶”等情感的动词以及depend on/upon，see to等动词短语后，再接when，if，that等引导的从句。 附录： 1. 不定冠词常见的固定搭配。 have a gift for有……的天赋 get a lift/ride搭便车 pay a visit to参观 lend sb a hand帮助某人 as a result因此 at a distance离一段距离 a waste of ……的浪费 be/go on a diet节食 make a living谋生 as a matter of fact事实上 in a sense/way在某种意义上 all of a sudden突然 2. 定冠词的常见固定搭配： at the moment此刻；目前 in the end最后，最终 to tell the truth说实话 on the other hand另一方面 by the way顺便说一下 in the middle of在……中间 at the same time同时 on the contrary相反 on the whole总的来说 in the distance在远处 to the point中肯；切题 make the most/best of充分利用 3. 介词与名词构成的搭配： (1)at＋名词 at a loss不知所措 at the cost of以……的代价 at peace处于和平状态 at the risk of冒……的危险 at war处于战争状态 at the mercy of在……支配下；由……摆布 at the same time同时 (2)on＋名词 on exhibition/show/display在展出 on account of因为 on fire着火 on average平均；一般地 on sale出售；打折 on behalf of代表 on no account/condition决不 on the decrease/increase在减少/在增加 on holiday/vacation在度假 (3)by＋名词 by accident/chance偶然地 by hand手工 by mistake错误地 by the day按天算 by coincidence碰巧 by nature天生地 (4)in＋名词 in cash用现金付款 in charge of掌管 in depth在深度上 in return作为回报 in detail详细地 in danger (of) 在危险中，垂危 in height在高度上 in spite of尽管 in length在长度上 in exchange for作为交换 in favor of支持，赞成 in no time立刻 in case of万一；如果；假使 in no way决不 in support of为支持…… in place of代替 in honour of为向……表示敬意 in possession of拥有，占有 in memory of为了纪念…… in addition to另外 (5)of＋名词 of benefit有益处的 of significance有意义的 of help有帮助的 of use有用的 of importance重要的 of value有价值的 (6)out of＋名词 out of balance失去平衡 out of order发生故障 out of breath上气不接下气 out of sight看不见 out of control失去控制 out of the question不可能 out of date过期 out of work失业 out of touch失去联系 (7)under＋名词 under attack遭到袭击 under treatment在治疗中 under pressure在压力下 under control处于控制之中 under repair在修理中 under discussion在讨论中 (8)with＋名词 with delight/joy高兴地 with fear害怕地 with difficulty困难地 with pleasure乐意地 with ease轻而易举地 (9)beyond＋名词 beyond compare无与伦比 beyond description难以描述 beyond reach够不到 beyond expression/words难以表达 (10)be＋adj.＋about be anxious about为……忧虑 be curious about对……好奇 be particular about对……讲究/挑剔 be worried/concerned about对……担心 (11)be＋adj.＋at be angry at因/对……生气 be good at擅长 be astonished at对……吃惊 be present at出席 (12)be＋adj.＋in be absorbed in专注于…… be active in积极于…… be dressed in穿着…… be engaged in忙于…… be rich in富含…… be occupied in忙于…… (13)be＋adj.＋for be eager for渴望…… be famous for因……著名 be fit for适合，胜任…… be ready for准备好…… be sorry for对……感到抱歉 be prepared for为……做好准备 (14)be＋adj.＋from be absent from缺席 be different from不同于 be far from远离 be free from不受……影响 (15)be＋adj.＋to be close to接近…… be devoted to致力于…… be equal to等于……；胜任…… be familiar to对……熟悉 be friendly to对……友好 be harmful to对……有害 be kind to对……友好 be similar to与……相似 be grateful to对……心存感激 (16)be＋adj.＋of be aware of意识到…… be fond of喜欢…… be proud of因……而自豪 be short of缺乏…… be critical of对……挑剔 (17)be＋adj.＋with be busy with忙于…… be familiar with对……熟悉 be combined with与……结合 be patient with对……有耐心 be popular with受……欢迎 be pleased with对……感到满意 be angry with (sb)对(某人)生气 (18)介词与其他词构成的搭配： but for要不是 instead of代替 regardless of不管，不顾 apart from除……之外 up to直到；由……决定 according to根据 along with随着 together with连同 by means of用……办法；借助…… owing to因为 (19) “动词＋sb＋of＋sth”结构 accuse sb of sth指责/控告某人某事 cure sb of sth治好某人的某种疾病 rid sb of sth使某人摆脱某物 cheat sb of sth骗走某人某物 remind sb of sth使某人想起某事 inform sb of sth通知某人某事 rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物 warn sb of sth警告某人某事 convince sb of sth使某人确信某事 suspect sb of sth怀疑某人某事 (20) “动词＋sb＋for＋doing sth”结构 批评某人做某事 原谅某人做某事 punish sb for doing sth因做某事而惩罚某人 thank sb for doing sth感谢某人做某事 blame sb for doing sth指责某人做某事 (21) “动词＋sb/sth＋from＋(doing) sth”结构 prevent/stop/keep sb/sth from doing sth阻止某人/物做某事 protect/preserve/defend/shelter sb/sth from being done保护某人/物免于被…… ban/prohibit sb/sth from doing sth禁止某人/物做某事 (22)其他常考的动词与介词的搭配 account for 占……(比例)；解释……(原因)act as 充当；起作用 break away from 脱离；逃离 bring about 引起；导致；造成 call for (去)接；需要；(公开)要求 carry out 履行；实施；执行 carry through 帮助……渡过难关；成功完成；顺利实现 come across (偶然)遇见，碰见；发现 come to an end 终止，结束 come up with 提出 do harm to 对……有害 do without 没有……也行；没有……而设法对付过去end up with 以……结束 get across 被传达；被理解；把……讲清楚 get around 传播；流传；各处走动 get down to 开始做某事；开始认真注意(或对待)某事get over 解决；克服；控制 get rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱 get through 正式通过；(用电话)接通，联系上；顺利通过(考试等) give rise to使发生 give way to屈服；退让；让步 go against违反；与……不符 go in for参加考试(或竞赛)；对某事物有兴趣，爱好 go through经历 keep in touch with与……保持联系 look down on/upon轻视；瞧不起 look into调查；审查 make the best of充分利用；尽力而为 be made up of由……组成 put up with忍受，容忍 see through看穿；识破 see to照料；处理 set about着手做 show around/round领(某人)参观 show off炫耀；展示 take in吸入；理解，领会 take on承担；呈现，具有 work out计算出；制定出 (23)it的常用短语或句型。 ①When it comes to learning English，reading widely is of great importance.当谈到学习英语，广泛阅读很重要。 ②I can’t help it if he is always complaining.若他总是抱怨，我也没办法。 ③We finally made it to the airport though it was rainy.尽管下雨了，但是我们最终及时赶到了机场。 ④As someone puts it，practice makes perfect.正如某人所说，熟能生巧。 ⑤I take it that you don’t agree with the manager.我想你不同意经理的意见。 ⑥It is/has been three years since he joined the army.他参军已经三年了。 ⑦It was three years before he returned home.过了三年他才回家。 巩固提升 2025真题演练 1. (2025新高考I卷) Go is one of ________ earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. 【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类游戏之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。 2. (2025新高考I卷) A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent ________ no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. 【答案】by 【解析】考查介词。“by+具体数值”表示“以（某一差值）”，此处指“以一到两分的优势”，符合语境。故填by。 3. (2025新高考Ⅱ卷) Nothing in my life before prepared me ________ this one-and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. 【答案】for 【解析】考查介词。句意：我生命中没有任何事情能让我为这一切做好准备——可以肯定的是，我第一次来到这里时，从未想过我会在这个地方感到舒适。prepare sb. for...“使某人为……做好准备”，固定搭配。故填for。 4. (2025 1月浙江) The price of fashion — economically and environmentally — has led to the rise of _____ new way of dressing, and it’s beginning to take off in Australia, too. 【答案】a 【解析】考查冠词。表示泛指“一种”新的方式。 5. (2025 1月浙江) Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead ______ the fact that they have something unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes(衣柜) or contributing to landfill. 【答案】on 【解析】考查介词。根据句意“关注某事”可知，应使用固定搭配 focus on，表示“集中于……”。 6. (2025北京卷) After all, exploring the world shouldn’t come ________ the planet’s expense. 【答案】at 【解析】考查介词。句意：毕竟，探索世界不应以牺牲地球为代价。at one’s expense“以…… 为代价”是固定搭配。故填at。 模拟演练 1．（2026高三下·河南信阳·开学考试）From soaking, washing, boiling, bleaching (晒白) and pulping (把……化为纸浆) the raw materials to screening, sunning and cutting, single sheet of paper takes more than two years to make. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：从原料的浸泡、洗涤、蒸煮、晒白、打浆，到抄纸、晾晒、裁切，单张纸的制作需要两年多时间。此处表示泛指“一张纸”，single以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 2．（2026高三上·河南信阳·月考）When I was about eleven years old, I could sometimes wolf down full dozen of these fried dumplings in one sitting. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：在我大约十一岁的时候，我有时一顿饭能狼吞虎咽地吃下整整一打这样的煎饺。这里考查a full dozen of，为固定搭配，表示“整整一打”，full是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。故填a。 3．High-precision 3D modeling has mapped its entire structure, creating complete digital foundation. 【答案】a 【详解】考查不定冠词。句意：高精度的3D建模已经绘制了城墙的整个结构，创建了一个完整的数字基础。此处foundation为可数名词单数，表泛指，且complete以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。故填a。 4．Tobjor Drolma, who has studied Tibetan culture for many years, said that Gen Z has passion for tradition, and for fashion as well. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：研究藏族文化多年的托布卓·卓玛说，Z世代对传统有热情，对时尚也有热情。have a passion for为固定搭配，意为“对……有热情”。故填a。 5．This July, poets from the BRICS countries followed the same path and engaged in impromptu poetry event inspired by the river. 【答案】an 【详解】考查冠词。句意：今年七月，来自金砖国家的诗人沿着同样的路径，参与了一场受这条河流启发的即兴诗歌活动。空格后是可数名词短语impromptu poetry event，且impromptu以元音音素开头，此处表示“一场即兴诗歌活动”，需填不定冠词an。故填an。 6．Technology has become essential tool for fostering tourist engagement. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】an 【详解】考查冠词。句意：科技已成为促进游客参与度的重要工具。tool为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，此处表示泛指“一种重要工具”，且essential是以元音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词an。故填an。 7．With profits jumping to nearly 1.3 billion yuan at the box office as of Aug 26, the ink-wash animated film Nobody has broken previous record set by Big Fish & Begonia (2016), making it the highest-earning domestic 2D animated film in Chinese cinema history. 【答案】the 【详解】考查冠词。句意：截至8月26日，水墨动画电影《无名》票房收入飙升至近13亿元，打破了2016年《大鱼海棠》创下的此前纪录，成为中国电影史上票房最高的国产2D动画电影。句中previous record后有过去分词短语set by Big Fish & Begonia (2016)修饰，是特指《大鱼海棠》创下的那一项纪录，需用定冠词the表特指。故填the。 8．During event, a “UNESCO City of Music — Wuxi” logo was revealed, and the first set of shared stages, including venues like the Jiugong Music Space on Bogong Island and Shengtang Hall in Yingyueli Block, was announced. 【答案】the 【详解】考查冠词。句意：在该活动期间，“联合国教科文组织音乐之城——无锡”标志揭晓，同时公布了首批共享舞台，包括伯公岛九功音乐空间和映月里街区圣堂等场地。这里的event是特指上文提及的与无锡相关的这个活动，所以用定冠词the。故填the。 9．（2026高三下·河南信阳·开学考试）Chinese civilization its thousands of years of history is just like an old man, remaining tough and intelligent. 【答案】with 【详解】考查介词。句意：拥有数千年历史的中华文明，就像一位老人，依然坚韧而智慧。此处需要一个介词表示“具有、拥有”的含义，构成介词短语作后置定语修饰Chinese civilization，with符合语境，故填with。 10．（2026高三下·河南信阳·开学考试）Today, Guochao attracts people all ages and backgrounds. 【答案】of 【详解】考查介词。句意：如今，国潮吸引了来自各个年龄段、不同背景的人们。of all ages意为“所有年龄段的（人）”，固定短语，故填of。 11．（2026高三上·河南信阳·月考）They also used the small AI flight robot “Xiao Hang” to conduct a series of experiments, including research on multimodal interaction technology, which aims to create natural, simple and efficient ways humans to communicate with machines. 【答案】for 【详解】考查介词。句意：他们还使用小型AI飞行机器人“小航”开展了一系列实验，包括多模态交互技术研究，该技术旨在为人类创造自然、简便、高效的与机器交流的方式。分析句子结构可知，这里考查ways for sb. to do sth.，为固定搭配，表示“某人做某事的方式”。故填for。 12．Her work Stories of the Sahara, which was published in 1976, is rich stories and vivid descriptions of local cultures. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：她的作品《撒哈拉的故事》于1976年出版，书中充满了各种故事以及对当地文化的生动描述。be rich in为固定搭配，意为“富含，充满”。故填in。 13．To his surprise, Moraes found some similarities to the Chinese poet friends in their love for nature and a fondness for expressing their inner worlds landscape. 【答案】through/via 【详解】考查介词。句意：令莫赖斯惊讶的是，他发现这些人与中国诗人友人们有一些相似之处——他们都热爱自然，并且喜欢通过风景来表达内心世界。根据“expressing their inner worlds(表达内心世界)”和“landscape(风景)”的逻辑关系可知，此处表示“通过风景(作为媒介)”，应使用表示方式、手段的介词“through”或“via”。故填through/via。 14．It has even become a tourist attraction for people to shoot photos of themselves near what could be described a work of art. Magritte, the late Belgian surrealist master, would have approved of the Bockenheimer Warte subway station. 【答案】as 【详解】考查介词。句意：它甚至已成为一处旅游景点，人们可以在堪称艺术杰作的地方附近拍摄自己的照片。已故的比利时超现实主义大师马格利特定会认可博肯海默瓦尔特地铁站。此处为短语be described as意为“被描述为……”，空处应用介词as。故填as。 15．Nothing in my life before prepared me this one — and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt and learn in a new environment. 【答案】 for and 【详解】考查介词和连词。句意：我生命中没有任何事情能让我为这一切做好准备——可以肯定的是，我第一次来到这里时，从未想过我会在这个地方感到舒适。但令人惊讶的是，你是如何适应并在新环境中学习的。分析句子结构可知，第一空考查prepare sb. for...，表“使某人为……做好准备”，为固定搭配；第二空中adapt和learn是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填for；and。 16．... and the rulers of Lu came to realize that might be proper to make him an official in the government. 【答案】it 【详解】考查代词。句意：……鲁国的统治者开始意识到让他成为政府官员可能是合适的。“it be adj.+to do...”为固定句型，此处it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语to make him an official in the government。故填it。 17．Legend has that a goat-drawn flaming vehicle, used to appear in front of the house — a tale that adds to its mystery. 【答案】it 【详解】考查形式宾语。句意：相传，曾有一辆由山羊牵引的火焰车出现在这栋房子前——这个传说更为它增添了几分神秘色彩。Legend has it that...是固定句型，意为“传说……”，it作形式宾语，真正宾语为that从句。故填it。 18．Denise congratulated Wuxi on earning this honor, emphasizing that celebrates the city’s rich musical history and innovative spirit. 【答案】it 【详解】考查代词。句意：丹妮丝祝贺无锡获得这一荣誉，并强调这是对这座城市丰富音乐历史和创新精神的庆祝。空处需使用代词指代“无锡获得这一荣誉”这件事，it可用于指代上文提到的事情，在句中作宾语从句的主语。故填it。 19．Denise congratulated Wuxi earning this honor, emphasizing that celebrates the city’s rich musical history and innovative spirit. 【答案】 on it 【详解】考查介词和代词。句意：丹妮丝祝贺无锡获得这一荣誉，并强调这彰显了这座城市丰富的音乐历史和创新精神。一空考查固定搭配congratulate sb. on sth./doing sth，意为“因某事祝贺某人”，所以填on ；第二空，此处需代词指代无锡获得荣誉这件事，it可用于指代前文提到的事，在宾语从句中作主语，所以填it。故填①on；②it。 20．Beyond entertainment, the dance serves as a crucial mechanism for social bonding that strengthens community connections, while its artistic elements represent the shared history of Hani and Yi, making a living symbol of cultural unity. 【答案】it 【详解】考查代词。句意：除了娱乐，舞蹈还充当加强社区联系的社会纽带的重要机制，而其艺术元素代表了哈尼族和彝族的共同历史，使其成为文化统一的生动象征。此处代词指代前文的the dance，作动词making的宾语，应用宾格形式it。故填it。 冲刺突破 语法填空 Passage 1 【科学研究】 （2026·河北·一模） It has been 10 years since Xueying 601, China’s first polar fixed-wing plane, 1 (official) commenced (开始) service in China’s polar expedition. The aircraft has conducted eight Antarctic expedition tasks, operated for more than 1,100 days and flown for over 2,500hours, with 2 total voyage distance of 800,000 kilometers. In January 2016, it flew over the Kunlun Station, China’s southernmost research station in Antarctica, at a low altitude, 3 obtained valuable flight data on takeoff and landing under high-altitude plateau conditions. One year later, it successfully took off and landed at the station, 4 (locate) at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters, setting a new record. “We 5 (acquire) scientific observation data covering more than 200,000 km through Xueying 601 for the past 10 years,” said Cui Xiangbin, head of the Zhongshan Station. The data collection range covers key regions in East Antarctica, including Princess Elizabeth Land, 6 the Grove Mountains are located. Thanks to the high-precision scientific instruments on the plane, a series of research 7 (achieve) have been made. These findings provide 8 (significance) support for scientists studying subglacial (冰川下的) environments, the impact of ice sheet stability on sea level change, and for 9 (conduct) numerical simulations (数值模拟) of past and future ice sheet dynamics. In the future, this “Polar Eagle” will continue to use science and technology as its wings 10 (contribute) China’s scientific strength to global polar scientific research. 【答案】1．officially 2．a 3．and 4．located 5．have acquired 6．where 7．achievements 8．significant 9．conducting 10．to contribute 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国首架极地固定翼飞机“雪鹰601”自正式投入中国极地科考服务10年来所取得的成就，包括执行的任务次数、飞行时长、航程距离等，还阐述了其获取的科学观测数据对相关研究的重要支持作用，以及未来将继续为全球极地科学研究贡献力量。 1．考查副词。句意：自中国首架极地固定翼飞机“雪鹰601”正式投入中国极地科考服务以来，已经过去了10年。空处修饰动词commenced，需用副词形式作状语。故填officially。 2．考查冠词。句意：该飞机已执行了8次南极科考任务，运行超过1100天，飞行超过2500小时，总航程达80万公里。a total of为固定短语，意为“总共”。故填a。 3．考查连词。句意：2016年1月，它在低空飞越了中国南极最南端的研究站昆仑站，并获得了高原条件下起飞和降落的宝贵飞行数据。“flew over the Kunlun Station”和“obtained valuable flight data”是并列关系，需用连词and连接。故填and。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：一年后，它成功在该站起飞和降落，该站位于海拔4000多米的地方，创造了新的纪录。本句已有谓语动词took off and landed，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，the station和locate为动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填located。 5．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：“在过去的10年里，我们通过‘雪鹰601’获取了覆盖超过20万公里的科学观测数据，”中山站站长崔祥斌说。根据时间状语for the past 10 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为we，助动词用have。故填have acquired。 6．考查定语从句。句意：数据收集范围覆盖了包括伊丽莎白公主地在内的东南极关键地区，格罗夫山就位于那里。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Princess Elizabeth Land，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 7．考查名词。句意：得益于飞机上的高精度科学仪器，取得了一系列研究成果。a series of修饰可数名词复数，空处需填名词复数形式。故填achievements。 8．考查形容词。句意：这些发现为研究冰川下环境、冰盖稳定性对海平面变化的影响以及进行过去和未来冰盖动力学的数值模拟提供了重要支持。空处修饰名词support，需用形容词作定语。故填significant。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。介词for后面需填动名词形式作宾语。故填conducting。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：未来，这只“极地雄鹰”将继续以科技为翅膀，为全球极地科学研究贡献中国的科学力量。空处需填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to contribute。 Passage 2 （2026·浙江·二模） The third UNESCO High-Level Forum for Museums, held in Hangzhou on April 23rd, 11 (draw) over 190 museum curators and experts from more than 60 countries. The event focused on AI’s revolutionary effect on the museum industry. AI tools, 12 (tailor) for relic detection, help museums better catalog relics and identify invisible damages in artifacts. However, Gabor Zsigmond, 13 (direct) of the Hungarian National Museum, stressed that human proofreading of AI outputs remained crucial in the AI era. Participants discussed 14 AI could bring to exhibition planning. Given a theme, AI can select exhibits and construct frameworks using 15 (exist) content. May Khuen Chung, leader of the National Museum of Singapore, mentioned museums’ ability to analyze databases 16 customize content to individual preferences, which reflected AI’s practical value. Despite AI’s advantages, concerns over copyright issues and ethical problems were raised and taken 17 account. Additionally, Britt Romstad noted the need to build more equity into digital spaces. After the forum, attendees visited the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City, 18 UNESCO World Heritage Site. Gehane Nabil, impressed by prehistoric stone tools, said the commonalities between Chinese and Egyptian civilizations were 19 (true) remarkable. These shared elements, she added, would become the 20 (link) that unite human beings. 【答案】11．drew 12．tailored 13．director 14．what 15．existing/existent 16．and 17．into 18．a 19．truly 20．links 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是第三届联合国教科文组织博物馆高级论坛（在杭州举办）的核心内容与讨论成果。 11．考查时态。句意：4月23日在杭州举行的第三届联合国教科文组织博物馆高级别论坛吸引了来自60多个国家的190余名博物馆馆长和专家参加。空格处是谓语，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式drew，故填drew。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：针对文物检测开发的 AI 工具能够帮助博物馆更准确地记录文物信息，并识别文物中难以察觉的损伤。句中谓语是help，空格处用非谓语动词，AI tools和tailor之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此用过去分词表被动，作后置定语，故填tailored。 13．考查名词。句意：然而，匈牙利国家博物馆馆长Gabor Zsigmond强调，在人工智能时代，人工对 AI 输出结果的审核仍然至关重要。Gabor Zsigmond是匈牙利国家博物馆馆长，空格处意为“馆长”，用名词director，作同位语，故填director。 14．考查宾语从句。句意：参与者们探讨了人工智能在展览策划中所能带来的作用。空格处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，此处表示“人工智能在展览策划中所能带来的作用”，因此用what引导宾语从句，故填what。 15．考查形容词。句意：在给定一个主题的情况下，人工智能能够利用现有的内容来挑选展品并构建框架。空格处修饰名词content，用形容词existing或existent“现有的”，作定语，故填existing。 16．考查连词。句意：新加坡国家博物馆的负责人梅·库恩·钟提到，博物馆能够分析数据库并根据个人偏好定制内容，这体现了人工智能的实际价值。analyze和customize之间是并列关系，句子是肯定句，因此用and表并列，故填and。 17．考查介词。句意：尽管人工智能有其优势，但关于版权问题和伦理问题的担忧也被提出并予以考虑。take...into account是固定短语，意为“把……考虑在内”，故填into。 18．考查冠词。句意：论坛结束后，与会者参观了良渚古城遗址，这是联合国教科文组织认定的世界文化遗产。UNESCO World Heritage Site是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，空格处用不定冠词，UNESCO是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。 19．考查副词。句意：盖哈内·纳比尔对史前石器感到惊叹，她表示中国和埃及文明之间的共通之处确实非常惊人。空格处修饰形容词remarkable，用副词truly“真正地”，作状语，故填truly。 20．考查名词的复数。句意：她补充说，这些共同元素将成为连接人类的纽带。link是可数名词，由that引导的定语从句中的谓语unite是原形可知，空格处用复数，故填links。 Passage 3 【科学研究】 （2026·重庆·二模）A Chinese-made humanoid robot has set 21 new Guinness World Record by walking about 106 kilometers between eastern cities without stopping. Developed by a tech company based in Shanghai, the A2 22 (start) its trip from Suzhou on the night of November 10 and reached the Bund of Shanghai in the early hours of November 13. Powered by the company's rapid hot-swap battery system, the robot stayed running for the whole journey. On Thursday, it was officially confirmed 23 the robot had covered a total distance of 106.286 kilometers. “Walking from Suzhou to Shanghai is a tough task even for many humans, but the robot made 24 ,” said a senior vice-president of the company. He added that this achievement proved the 25 (mature) of the robot’s hardware, cerebellar balance algorithms (小脑平衡算法) and endurance, which laid a solid foundation for its large-scale commercial use. 26 (equip) with double GPS modules, LiDAR and infrared (红外线的) depth sensors, the A2 could navigate complex 27 (situation) like traffic lights, narrow passages and crowded sidewalks. It maintained stable sense day and night, traveling on asphalt (沥青) roads, walkways, bridges and slopes while 28 (observe) traffic rules strictly. Upon arrival, the robot told reporters that the journey was a really 29 (forget) experience in its machine life, 30 (humorous) noting that it might need new shoes. 【答案】21．a 22．started 23．that 24．it 25．maturity 26．Equipped 27．situations 28．observing 29．unforgettable 30．humorously 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国上海一家科技公司研发的人形机器人A2创造了吉尼斯世界纪录，在不间断行走约106公里，从苏州成功抵达上海外滩的事迹，展现了该机器人在硬件、算法和续航能力方面的技术突破。 21．考查冠词。句意：一台中国制造的人形机器人创造了一项新的吉尼斯世界纪录，在不停歇的情况下在东部城市之间行走了约106公里。此处泛指“一项新的吉尼斯世界纪录”，且new以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 22．考查动词时态。句意：这款名为A2的机器人由上海一家科技公司研发，于11月10日晚从苏州出发，于11月13日凌晨抵达上海外滩。根据时间状语on the night of November 10可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故填started。 23．考查主语从句。句意：周四，官方确认该机器人总共行进了106.286公里。it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导主语从句。故填that。 24．考查固定短语。句意：“从苏州到上海，即便是对于许多人类来说也是一项艰巨的任务，但这个机器人却做到了，”该公司的一位高级副总裁说道。结合句意可知，表示“成功做到”，用固定短语make it。故填it。 25．考查名词。句意：他补充说，这一成就证明了机器人硬件、小脑平衡算法和续航能力的成熟，为其大规模商业应用奠定了坚实基础。此处作宾语，应用名词maturity“成熟”，为不可数名词。故填maturity。 26．考查非谓语动词。句意：A2配备了双GPS模块、激光雷达和红外深度传感器，能够应对红绿灯、狭窄通道和拥挤人行道等复杂情况。equip与其逻辑主语the A2之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Equipped。 27．考查名词复数。句意：A2配备了双GPS模块、激光雷达和红外深度传感器，能够应对红绿灯、狭窄通道和拥挤人行道等复杂情况。situation为可数名词，根据后文列举的多种情况可知，应用复数形式。故填situations。 28．考查状语从句的省略。句意：它日夜保持稳定感知，在沥青路、人行道、桥梁和坡道上行驶，同时严格遵守交通规则。此处是while引导时间状语从句的省略形式，完整形式为while it was observing traffic rules strictly，省略主语+be动词，应用现在分词形式。故填observing。 29．考查形容词。句意：抵达后，这台机器人对记者们说道，这次旅程是其机器生涯中非常难忘的一次经历，并幽默地表示它可能需要一双新鞋子了。此处修饰名词experience，应用形容词，根据语境可知，此处表示“难忘的”，应用unforgettable。故填unforgettable。 30．考查副词。句意：抵达后，这台机器人对记者们说道，这次旅程是其机器生涯中非常难忘的一次经历，并幽默地表示它可能需要一双新鞋子了。此处修饰动词noting，应用副词humorously“幽默地”，作状语。故填humorously。 Passage 4 （2026·辽宁·一模） Among the foundational cornerstones of early Chinese civilization, Hongshan Culture holds a place of profound significance. Hongshan Culture, flourishing roughly from 4700 to 2900 BCE in 31 is now Liaoning Province and neighboring regions, stands 32 one of China’s most remarkable Neolithic (新石器) cultures. The most famous site, Niheliang, 33 (feature) a magnificent temple and rubble-mound stone tombs. Hongshan Culture is 34 (unique) characterized by its ritual (礼仪的) practices, which reflect a sophisticated social structure far beyond many contemporary cultures. Hongshan Culture, 35 influence spreads across a vast area of Northeast China, offers a fascinating insight into early Chinese civilization. It is famed for its jade artifacts, such as the iconic “C-shaped dragon” and pig-dragon statues that demonstrate an unparalleled level of craftsmanship and a 36 (symbol) belief system. Besides jade, Hongshan people also built large-scale ceremonial sites, 37 (highlight) their organizational capabilities. Equally notable is the 38 (maintain) of cultural continuity in the region. Elements of Hongshan’s jade art and ritual traditions have greatly influenced later Chinese civilizations, forming 39 important link in the country’s cultural heritage. Today, ongoing archaeological work enables new evidence 40 (uncover) every year, helping us better understand the origins of ancient Chinese societies and their spiritual world. 【答案】31．what 32．as 33．features 34．uniquely 35．whose 36．symbolic 37．highlighting 38．maintenance 39．an 40．to be uncovered 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了红山文化，包括其地理位置、时间跨度、独特特点、文化影响以及考古发现等，展现了红山文化在中国早期文明中的重要地位。 31．考查宾语从句。句意：红山文化大约在公元前4700年至2900年繁荣于现在的辽宁省及其周边地区，是中国最杰出的新石器文化之一。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。 32．考查介词。句意：红山文化大约在公元前4700年至2900年繁荣于现在的辽宁省及其周边地区，是中国最杰出的新石器文化之一。stand as为固定短语，意为“作为……而存在”。故填as。 33．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：最著名的遗址牛河梁，有一座宏伟的寺庙和碎石土堆石墓。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为The most famous site，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填features。 34．考查副词。句意：红山文化的独特之处在于其礼仪习俗，这反映了其社会结构远比许多同时代的文化复杂。修饰动词characterized需用副词uniquely作状语。故填uniquely。 35．考查定语从句。句意：红山文化的影响遍及中国东北的广大地区，为我们了解中国早期文明提供了迷人的视角。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Hongshan Culture，在从句中作定语，需用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 36．考查形容词。句意：它以玉器而闻名，如标志性的“C形龙”和猪龙雕像，这些雕像展示了无与伦比的工艺水平和象征性的信仰体系。修饰名词belief system需用形容词symbolic作定语。故填symbolic。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了玉器，红山人还建造了大型的礼仪场所，突出了他们的组织能力。已有谓语动词built，空处需填非谓语动词作结果状语，和前面整个句子是主谓关系，用现在分词形式。故填highlighting。 38．考查名词。句意：同样值得注意的是该地区文化连续性的保持。定冠词the修饰名词，空处需填名词maintenance作主语。故填maintenance。 39．考查冠词。句意：红山玉器艺术和礼仪传统对后来的中国文明产生了巨大影响，成为中国文化遗产中的重要一环。link为可数名词，此处表示泛指，important发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 40．考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，持续的考古工作每年都能发现新的证据，帮助我们更好地了解中国古代社会的起源及其精神世界。enable sth. to do sth.为固定用法，空处需填动词不定式作宾语补足语，evidence和uncover为被动关系，需用动词不定式的被动式。故填to be uncovered。 Passage 5 （2026高三下·重庆沙坪坝·开学考） As ancient civilizations enter the mass digital entertainment ecosystem, games are being requested 41 (serve) as new forms of cultural representation. This year, these two worlds are connected. To celebrate the game’s 10th anniversary, the mobile game Honor of Kings is cooperating with the Sanxingdui Museum and film director Zhang Yimou to introduce Sanxingdui-inspired in-game skins, a series 42 transforms ancient relics into digital symbols. Using the civilization’s most iconic imagery, from its big eyes to the sacred bronze tree, 43 (reintroduce) the mystery and power of the ancient Shu culture to millions of players and proves that even 44 oldest stories can find new life on a modern battlefield. While enabling players to experience the lasting appeal 45 bronze culture within the game, it also represents another step forward in the Sanxingdui Museum’s 46 (explore) of digital engagement. Located in Guanghan, Sichuan, the museum has spent the past decade committed to 47 (bring) cultural relics to life through the use of digital technologies. In 2023, the new Sanxingdui Museum 48 (launch), featuring more than 20 digital installations. Zhu Yarong, director of the Sanxingdui management committee, notes that one of the greatest challenges facing digital exhibitions today lies in talent development. A 49 (design) must understand history and culture, and also master the logic of rapidly developing digital technologies, making multidisciplinary skills 50 (increasing) rare and valuable. 【答案】41．to serve 42．that/which 43．reintroduces 44．the 45．of 46．exploration 47．bringing 48．was launched 49．designer 50．increasingly 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《王者荣耀》手游与三星堆博物馆合作，推出以三星堆文化为灵感的游戏皮肤，将古蜀文明带入数字娱乐领域。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着古代文明进入大众数字娱乐生态系统，游戏被要求作为一种新的文化表现形式。固定搭配be requested to do sth.“被要求做某事”，serve使用动词不定式。故填to serve。 42．考查定语从句。句意：为了庆祝这款游戏诞生十周年，手机游戏《王者荣耀》与三星堆博物馆以及电影导演张艺谋合作，推出了以三星堆文化为灵感的游戏中外观皮肤，这一系列设计将古代文物转化为数字符号。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是series，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。 43．考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：利用该文明最具代表性的元素，从其大眼睛到神圣的青铜树，重新向数百万玩家展现了古代蜀文化神秘而强大的魅力，并证明即使是最古老的故事也能在现代战场上获得新生。句子描述目前事实，应用一般现在时，主语是动名词短语Using the civilization’s most iconic imagery，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，与后文的proves并列，共同作句子的谓语。故填reintroduces。 44．考查冠词。句意同上。形容词最高级oldest前需加定冠词the。故填the。 45．考查介词。句意：这不仅让玩家能够在游戏中体验到青铜文化的持久魅力，同时也标志着三星堆博物馆在数字互动探索方面又迈出了重要的一步。固定搭配the appeal of“……的吸引力”。故填of。 46．考查名词。句意同上。名词所有格Sanxingdui Museum’s后接名词exploration“探索”，不可数名词。故填exploration。 47．考查非谓语动词。句意：该博物馆位于四川广汉，在过去的十年里，它一直致力于通过使用数字技术将文物带入生活。固定搭配commit to doing sth.“致力于做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填bringing。 48．考查动词语态。句意：2023年，新的三星堆博物馆正式开馆，馆内设有超过20个数字化展示装置。主语museum与launch为被动关系，且时间为2023年，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词使用was。故填was launched。 49．考查名词。句意：设计师必须了解历史和文化，同时也要掌握快速发展的数字技术的逻辑，这使得多学科技能变得越来越罕见和有价值。此处作主语，且表示“设计师”，应用名词designer，空前有不定冠词，应用单数形式。故填designer。 50．考查副词。句意同上。此处修饰形容词rare与valuable，应用副词increasingly“越来越多地”，作状语。故填increasingly。 Passage 6 （2026高三下·广东湛江·月考） From mathematics to Chinese calligraphy and classical texts, German Sinologist (汉学家) Andrea Bread has carved a new path to uncover the logical and poetic beauty of Chinese mathematics as well as the 51 (deep) of Chinese culture. 52 (stand) at the intersection of East and West, past and present, she focuses on ancient Chinese mathematics, 53 texts, written centuries or millennia ago, possess both formulaic (公式化的) logic and literary expression. ‌“An old Chinese math book works like a language,” Bread noted at an international meeting 54 (stage) in Beijing in January, 2026. The event, co-hosted by two institutions, 55 (bring) together scholars sharing insights on Sinology. Bread’s enthusiasm for Chinese scientific history was aroused by Chinese Mathematics: A Concise History, a book recording 2,000 years of China’s mathematical progress. Once a math and computer science student at Munich Technical University, she was also a 56 (passion) calligrapher and Chinese learner. The book shaped her academic focus; she later studied and worked 57 (global), earning a master’s in the history of science at Fudan University in Shanghai in the early 1990s. Bread believes ancient mathematical texts reflect history and society, revealing how knowledge spread 58 how math was linked to social and economic activities. She says that while there are 59 (difference) in how the Western and ancient Chinese worlds presented theories and methods of proof, 60 two worlds also shared common ground in mathematical research, for example, the Pythagorean theorem, or the Gougu Rule, which was proved by both sides. 【答案】 51．depth 52．Standing 53．whose 54．staged 55．brought 56．passionate 57．globally 58．and 59．differences 60．the 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了德国汉学家Andrea Bread深耕中国古代数学，探索中国数学逻辑之美与中国文化深度的相关事迹。 51．考查名词。句意：从数学到中国书法和古典文献，德国汉学家安德里亚·布雷德开辟了一条新路径，去发现中国数学的逻辑与诗意之美以及中国文化的深度。空格前有定冠词the，且提示词作宾语，应用名词形式depth，意为“深度”，不可数名词。故填depth。 52．考查非谓语动词。句意：站在东西方、过去与现在的交汇点，她专注于中国古代数学，其数百年或数千年前的文献既具备公式化逻辑，又拥有文学表达。空格处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，stand(站立)与其逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式表主动。故填Standing。 53．考查定语从句。句意：站在东西方、过去与现在的交汇点，她专注于中国古代数学，其数百年或数千年前的文献既具备公式化逻辑，又拥有文学表达。“_______ texts, written centuries or millennia ago, possess both formulaic logic and literary expression”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ancient Chinese mathematics，先行词与从句中名词texts构成所属关系，用关系代词whose引导从句，在从句中作定语。故填whose。 54．考查非谓语动词。句意：“一本古老的中国数学书就像一门语言，”布雷德在2026年1月于北京举办的一次国际会议上指出。空格处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰an international meeting，stage(举办)与其逻辑主语meeting之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式表被动。故填staged。 55．考查时态。句意：该活动由两所机构联合主办，汇集了众多分享汉学见解的学者。bring(汇集)是谓语动词，结合语境，事件发生在2026年1月，是过去的动作，应用一般过去时态，bring的过去式为brought。故填brought。 56．考查形容词。句意：她曾是慕尼黑工业大学数学与计算机科学专业的学生，同时也是一位热情的书法家和中文学习者。提示词修饰名词calligrapher，用形容词形式passionate作定语，意为“热情的”。故填passionate。 57．考查副词。句意：这本书奠定了她的学术方向；后来她在全球范围内学习和工作，并于20世纪90年代初在上海复旦大学获得科学史硕士学位。提示词修饰动词词组studied and worked，用副词globally作状语，意为“全球范围内地”。故填globally。 58．考查连词。句意：布雷德认为，古代数学文献反映了历史和社会，揭示了知识如何传播以及数学如何与社会经济活动相关联。“how knowledge spread”与“how math was linked to social and economic activities”是并列关系，用连词and连接两个并列的宾语从句，意为“和、以及”。故填and。 59．考查名词复数。句意：她说，虽然西方世界和古代中国在呈现理论和证明方法方面存在差异，但这两个世界在数学研究中也有共同点，例如勾股定理，双方都对其进行了证明。可数名词differences(差异)作there be句型中的主语，结合谓语动词are可知，主语用复数形式。故填differences。 60．考查定冠词。句意：她说，虽然西方世界和古代中国在呈现理论和证明方法方面存在差异，但这两个世界在数学研究中也有共同点，例如勾股定理，双方都对其进行了证明。空格后“two worlds”特指前文提到的“the Western and ancient Chinese worlds”，特指，需用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 语言清单04 语法填空中的词类(四) (无提示词---冠词/介词/代词it) 突破策略 1.注意泛指还是特指: 如果空格后的名词或“形容词＋名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。如果空格及后面的名词在文中第一次出现，可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”，一般填a/an；如果是前文已经提到过，可翻译成“这/那个，这/那些”，一般填the。如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。注意冠词的固定搭配。 分析句子成分 2. 如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名词、代词或动名词前一定是填介词。注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用；注意有特殊用法的介词，如接复合宾语就只能用with或without。 3. 通过句式结构和“指代”，判断是否用it；如果指代上文提到的同一个事物，则用it；如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况则用it；如果作形式主语或形式宾语，则用it；注意一些固定用法：dislike/hate/appreciate/depend on/see to...＋it＋从句。 技法感悟 冠词 不定冠词a/ an ①表示泛指“某个”。当说话人第一次提及某人、某物时通常用不定冠词；在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a，在发音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。②表示“同一，相同”。③表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。④表示“每一”，相当于per/each/every。⑤表示“一类”事物。 定冠词 the ①用于普通名词构成的专有名词之前。②用于序数词之前。③用在朝代、世纪前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示“在某世纪几十年代”。④用于江、河、湖、海、山、岛前。⑤用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妻俩”。⑥用在形容词或分词前，表示某一类人或物。⑦摸/打/抓(等表动作的词)＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体部位。⑧用于形容词或副词的最高级前。⑨用在世界上独一无二的事物前。⑩特指上文已经提到过的人或事物。 介词 表示方位的介词 ①across指从较为平坦的表面穿过。②through指从立体的事物中间穿过。③to指“到某处，去某处”。④under在……下面，无接触面。⑤in在……里面。⑥into到……里面。⑦over在……正上方(无接触面)；on在……上面(有接触面)。⑧around在/向……周围。⑨beneath在……下面(有接触面)。⑩beside在……旁边。⑪out of向/在……外面。⑫from从……。⑬beyond 在/向……较远的一边，超出。 表示时间的介词 ①on指在具体的某一天。②in用在年/月/季节/世纪等大时间之前，或者指上/下午或晚上；也可用在表示一段时间的词之前，表示“多久之后”。③at用在几点钟或night/noon之前。④before在……之前。⑤until直到……时候。⑥during在……期间。⑦for表示延续一段时间。⑧over表示“在……期间”，表延续。 表示原因的介词 ①for表示原因，后面可以跟名词(词组)或动名词。②at/over用在表示情绪的形容词之后，后面跟代词或名词(词组)。③with用在表示情绪的名词之前。④because of/owing to/due to/thanks to之后不跟陈述句，跟名词(短语)/名词性从句。 其他重要介词 ①between表示“两者之间”。②for表示“支持”。③against表示“反对”。④by表示“借助/通过……”，也可以表示“被……”。⑤despite表示“尽管”，等于in spite of。⑥among表示在三者或三者以上中。⑦besides表示“除此之外(还)”。⑧within表示“在……范围之内”。⑨except表示同类事物除外。⑩except for表示与整体陈述相对的细节修补。 代词it 1.it指天气、时间、距离、环境等; 代替前面提过的事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词。指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)。 2. 用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。 ①It＋be＋adj./n.＋for/of sb＋不定式 ②It is no good/use/useless doing sth.做某事是没有好处/用处的。 ③It＋be＋名词词组(a pity/a fact/no wonder...)/adj.＋that从句 ④It＋特殊动词(短语)(seem/appear/turn out/occur to sb...)＋that从句 ⑤It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句 ⑥It takes sb time/patience/effort/energy to do sth ⑦主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...＋it＋adj./n.＋(for/of sb) to do sth/宾语从句 ⑧用于like，enjoy，hate，love，appreciate等表示“喜欢、憎恶”等情感的动词以及depend on/upon，see to等动词短语后，再接when，if，that等引导的从句。 附录： 1. 不定冠词常见的固定搭配。 have a gift for有……的天赋 get a lift/ride搭便车 pay a visit to参观 lend sb a hand帮助某人 as a result因此 at a distance离一段距离 a waste of ……的浪费 be/go on a diet节食 make a living谋生 as a matter of fact事实上 in a sense/way在某种意义上 all of a sudden突然 2. 定冠词的常见固定搭配： at the moment此刻；目前 in the end最后，最终 to tell the truth说实话 on the other hand另一方面 by the way顺便说一下 in the middle of在……中间 at the same time同时 on the contrary相反 on the whole总的来说 in the distance在远处 to the point中肯；切题 make the most/best of充分利用 3. 介词与名词构成的搭配： (1)at＋名词 at a loss不知所措 at the cost of以……的代价 at peace处于和平状态 at the risk of冒……的危险 at war处于战争状态 at the mercy of在……支配下；由……摆布 at the same time同时 (2)on＋名词 on exhibition/show/display在展出 on account of因为 on fire着火 on average平均；一般地 on sale出售；打折 on behalf of代表 on no account/condition决不 on the decrease/increase在减少/在增加 on holiday/vacation在度假 (3)by＋名词 by accident/chance偶然地 by hand手工 by mistake错误地 by the day按天算 by coincidence碰巧 by nature天生地 (4)in＋名词 in cash用现金付款 in charge of掌管 in depth在深度上 in return作为回报 in detail详细地 in danger (of) 在危险中，垂危 in height在高度上 in spite of尽管 in length在长度上 in exchange for作为交换 in favor of支持，赞成 in no time立刻 in case of万一；如果；假使 in no way决不 in support of为支持…… in place of代替 in honour of为向……表示敬意 in possession of拥有，占有 in memory of为了纪念…… in addition to另外 (5)of＋名词 of benefit有益处的 of significance有意义的 of help有帮助的 of use有用的 of importance重要的 of value有价值的 (6)out of＋名词 out of balance失去平衡 out of order发生故障 out of breath上气不接下气 out of sight看不见 out of control失去控制 out of the question不可能 out of date过期 out of work失业 out of touch失去联系 (7)under＋名词 under attack遭到袭击 under treatment在治疗中 under pressure在压力下 under control处于控制之中 under repair在修理中 under discussion在讨论中 (8)with＋名词 with delight/joy高兴地 with fear害怕地 with difficulty困难地 with pleasure乐意地 with ease轻而易举地 (9)beyond＋名词 beyond compare无与伦比 beyond description难以描述 beyond reach够不到 beyond expression/words难以表达 (10)be＋adj.＋about be anxious about为……忧虑 be curious about对……好奇 be particular about对……讲究/挑剔 be worried/concerned about对……担心 (11)be＋adj.＋at be angry at因/对……生气 be good at擅长 be astonished at对……吃惊 be present at出席 (12)be＋adj.＋in be absorbed in专注于…… be active in积极于…… be dressed in穿着…… be engaged in忙于…… be rich in富含…… be occupied in忙于…… (13)be＋adj.＋for be eager for渴望…… be famous for因……著名 be fit for适合，胜任…… be ready for准备好…… be sorry for对……感到抱歉 be prepared for为……做好准备 (14)be＋adj.＋from be absent from缺席 be different from不同于 be far from远离 be free from不受……影响 (15)be＋adj.＋to be close to接近…… be devoted to致力于…… be equal to等于……；胜任…… be familiar to对……熟悉 be friendly to对……友好 be harmful to对……有害 be kind to对……友好 be similar to与……相似 be grateful to对……心存感激 (16)be＋adj.＋of be aware of意识到…… be fond of喜欢…… be proud of因……而自豪 be short of缺乏…… be critical of对……挑剔 (17)be＋adj.＋with be busy with忙于…… be familiar with对……熟悉 be combined with与……结合 be patient with对……有耐心 be popular with受……欢迎 be pleased with对……感到满意 be angry with (sb)对(某人)生气 (18)介词与其他词构成的搭配： but for要不是 instead of代替 regardless of不管，不顾 apart from除……之外 up to直到；由……决定 according to根据 along with随着 together with连同 by means of用……办法；借助…… owing to因为 (19) “动词＋sb＋of＋sth”结构 accuse sb of sth指责/控告某人某事 cure sb of sth治好某人的某种疾病 rid sb of sth使某人摆脱某物 cheat sb of sth骗走某人某物 remind sb of sth使某人想起某事 inform sb of sth通知某人某事 rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物 warn sb of sth警告某人某事 convince sb of sth使某人确信某事 suspect sb of sth怀疑某人某事 (20) “动词＋sb＋for＋doing sth”结构 批评某人做某事 原谅某人做某事 punish sb for doing sth因做某事而惩罚某人 thank sb for doing sth感谢某人做某事 blame sb for doing sth指责某人做某事 (21) “动词＋sb/sth＋from＋(doing) sth”结构 prevent/stop/keep sb/sth from doing sth阻止某人/物做某事 protect/preserve/defend/shelter sb/sth from being done保护某人/物免于被…… ban/prohibit sb/sth from doing sth禁止某人/物做某事 (22)其他常考的动词与介词的搭配 account for 占……(比例)；解释……(原因)act as 充当；起作用 break away from 脱离；逃离 bring about 引起；导致；造成 call for (去)接；需要；(公开)要求 carry out 履行；实施；执行 carry through 帮助……渡过难关；成功完成；顺利实现 come across (偶然)遇见，碰见；发现 come to an end 终止，结束 come up with 提出 do harm to 对……有害 do without 没有……也行；没有……而设法对付过去end up with 以……结束 get across 被传达；被理解；把……讲清楚 get around 传播；流传；各处走动 get down to 开始做某事；开始认真注意(或对待)某事get over 解决；克服；控制 get rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱 get through 正式通过；(用电话)接通，联系上；顺利通过(考试等) give rise to使发生 give way to屈服；退让；让步 go against违反；与……不符 go in for参加考试(或竞赛)；对某事物有兴趣，爱好 go through经历 keep in touch with与……保持联系 look down on/upon轻视；瞧不起 look into调查；审查 make the best of充分利用；尽力而为 be made up of由……组成 put up with忍受，容忍 see through看穿；识破 see to照料；处理 set about着手做 show around/round领(某人)参观 show off炫耀；展示 take in吸入；理解，领会 take on承担；呈现，具有 work out计算出；制定出 (23)it的常用短语或句型。 ①When it comes to learning English，reading widely is of great importance.当谈到学习英语，广泛阅读很重要。 ②I can’t help it if he is always complaining.若他总是抱怨，我也没办法。 ③We finally made it to the airport though it was rainy.尽管下雨了，但是我们最终及时赶到了机场。 ④As someone puts it，practice makes perfect.正如某人所说，熟能生巧。 ⑤I take it that you don’t agree with the manager.我想你不同意经理的意见。 ⑥It is/has been three years since he joined the army.他参军已经三年了。 ⑦It was three years before he returned home.过了三年他才回家。 巩固提升 2025真题演练 1. (2025新高考I卷) Go is one of ________ earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. 2. (2025新高考I卷) A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent ________ no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. 3. (2025新高考Ⅱ卷) Nothing in my life before prepared me ________ this one-and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. 4. (2025 1月浙江) The price of fashion — economically and environmentally — has led to the rise of _____ new way of dressing, and it’s beginning to take off in Australia, too. 5. (2025 1月浙江) Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead ______ the fact that they have something unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes(衣柜) or contributing to landfill. 6. (2025北京卷) After all, exploring the world shouldn’t come ________ the planet’s expense. 模拟演练 1．（2026高三下·河南信阳·开学考试）From soaking, washing, boiling, bleaching (晒白) and pulping (把……化为纸浆) the raw materials to screening, sunning and cutting, single sheet of paper takes more than two years to make. 2．（2026高三上·河南信阳·月考）When I was about eleven years old, I could sometimes wolf down full dozen of these fried dumplings in one sitting. 3．High-precision 3D modeling has mapped its entire structure, creating complete digital foundation. 4．Tobjor Drolma, who has studied Tibetan culture for many years, said that Gen Z has passion for tradition, and for fashion as well. 5．This July, poets from the BRICS countries followed the same path and engaged in impromptu poetry event inspired by the river. 6．Technology has become essential tool for fostering tourist engagement. （用适当的词填空） 7．With profits jumping to nearly 1.3 billion yuan at the box office as of Aug 26, the ink-wash animated film Nobody has broken previous record set by Big Fish & Begonia (2016), making it the highest-earning domestic 2D animated film in Chinese cinema history. 8．During event, a “UNESCO City of Music — Wuxi” logo was revealed, and the first set of shared stages, including venues like the Jiugong Music Space on Bogong Island and Shengtang Hall in Yingyueli Block, was announced. 9．（2026高三下·河南信阳·开学考试）Chinese civilization its thousands of years of history is just like an old man, remaining tough and intelligent. 10．（2026高三下·河南信阳·开学考试）Today, Guochao attracts people all ages and backgrounds. 11．（2026高三上·河南信阳·月考）They also used the small AI flight robot “Xiao Hang” to conduct a series of experiments, including research on multimodal interaction technology, which aims to create natural, simple and efficient ways humans to communicate with machines. 12．Her work Stories of the Sahara, which was published in 1976, is rich stories and vivid descriptions of local cultures. 13．To his surprise, Moraes found some similarities to the Chinese poet friends in their love for nature and a fondness for expressing their inner worlds landscape. 14．It has even become a tourist attraction for people to shoot photos of themselves near what could be described a work of art. Magritte, the late Belgian surrealist master, would have approved of the Bockenheimer Warte subway station. 15．Nothing in my life before prepared me this one — and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt and learn in a new environment. 16．... and the rulers of Lu came to realize that might be proper to make him an official in the government. 17．Legend has that a goat-drawn flaming vehicle, used to appear in front of the house — a tale that adds to its mystery. 18．Denise congratulated Wuxi on earning this honor, emphasizing that celebrates the city’s rich musical history and innovative spirit. 19．Denise congratulated Wuxi earning this honor, emphasizing that celebrates the city’s rich musical history and innovative spirit. 20．Beyond entertainment, the dance serves as a crucial mechanism for social bonding that strengthens community connections, while its artistic elements represent the shared history of Hani and Yi, making a living symbol of cultural unity. 冲刺突破 语法填空 Passage 1 【科学研究】 （2026·河北·一模） It has been 10 years since Xueying 601, China’s first polar fixed-wing plane, 1 (official) commenced (开始) service in China’s polar expedition. The aircraft has conducted eight Antarctic expedition tasks, operated for more than 1,100 days and flown for over 2,500hours, with 2 total voyage distance of 800,000 kilometers. In January 2016, it flew over the Kunlun Station, China’s southernmost research station in Antarctica, at a low altitude, 3 obtained valuable flight data on takeoff and landing under high-altitude plateau conditions. One year later, it successfully took off and landed at the station, 4 (locate) at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters, setting a new record. “We 5 (acquire) scientific observation data covering more than 200,000 km through Xueying 601 for the past 10 years,” said Cui Xiangbin, head of the Zhongshan Station. The data collection range covers key regions in East Antarctica, including Princess Elizabeth Land, 6 the Grove Mountains are located. Thanks to the high-precision scientific instruments on the plane, a series of research 7 (achieve) have been made. These findings provide 8 (significance) support for scientists studying subglacial (冰川下的) environments, the impact of ice sheet stability on sea level change, and for 9 (conduct) numerical simulations (数值模拟) of past and future ice sheet dynamics. In the future, this “Polar Eagle” will continue to use science and technology as its wings 10 (contribute) China’s scientific strength to global polar scientific research. Passage 2 （2026·浙江·二模） The third UNESCO High-Level Forum for Museums, held in Hangzhou on April 23rd, 11 (draw) over 190 museum curators and experts from more than 60 countries. The event focused on AI’s revolutionary effect on the museum industry. AI tools, 12 (tailor) for relic detection, help museums better catalog relics and identify invisible damages in artifacts. However, Gabor Zsigmond, 13 (direct) of the Hungarian National Museum, stressed that human proofreading of AI outputs remained crucial in the AI era. Participants discussed 14 AI could bring to exhibition planning. Given a theme, AI can select exhibits and construct frameworks using 15 (exist) content. May Khuen Chung, leader of the National Museum of Singapore, mentioned museums’ ability to analyze databases 16 customize content to individual preferences, which reflected AI’s practical value. Despite AI’s advantages, concerns over copyright issues and ethical problems were raised and taken 17 account. Additionally, Britt Romstad noted the need to build more equity into digital spaces. After the forum, attendees visited the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City, 18 UNESCO World Heritage Site. Gehane Nabil, impressed by prehistoric stone tools, said the commonalities between Chinese and Egyptian civilizations were 19 (true) remarkable. These shared elements, she added, would become the 20 (link) that unite human beings. Passage 3 【科学研究】 （2026·重庆·二模）A Chinese-made humanoid robot has set 21 new Guinness World Record by walking about 106 kilometers between eastern cities without stopping. Developed by a tech company based in Shanghai, the A2 22 (start) its trip from Suzhou on the night of November 10 and reached the Bund of Shanghai in the early hours of November 13. Powered by the company's rapid hot-swap battery system, the robot stayed running for the whole journey. On Thursday, it was officially confirmed 23 the robot had covered a total distance of 106.286 kilometers. “Walking from Suzhou to Shanghai is a tough task even for many humans, but the robot made 24 ,” said a senior vice-president of the company. He added that this achievement proved the 25 (mature) of the robot’s hardware, cerebellar balance algorithms (小脑平衡算法) and endurance, which laid a solid foundation for its large-scale commercial use. 26 (equip) with double GPS modules, LiDAR and infrared (红外线的) depth sensors, the A2 could navigate complex 27 (situation) like traffic lights, narrow passages and crowded sidewalks. It maintained stable sense day and night, traveling on asphalt (沥青) roads, walkways, bridges and slopes while 28 (observe) traffic rules strictly. Upon arrival, the robot told reporters that the journey was a really 29 (forget) experience in its machine life, 30 (humorous) noting that it might need new shoes. Passage 4 （2026·辽宁·一模） Among the foundational cornerstones of early Chinese civilization, Hongshan Culture holds a place of profound significance. Hongshan Culture, flourishing roughly from 4700 to 2900 BCE in 31 is now Liaoning Province and neighboring regions, stands 32 one of China’s most remarkable Neolithic (新石器) cultures. The most famous site, Niheliang, 33 (feature) a magnificent temple and rubble-mound stone tombs. Hongshan Culture is 34 (unique) characterized by its ritual (礼仪的) practices, which reflect a sophisticated social structure far beyond many contemporary cultures. Hongshan Culture, 35 influence spreads across a vast area of Northeast China, offers a fascinating insight into early Chinese civilization. It is famed for its jade artifacts, such as the iconic “C-shaped dragon” and pig-dragon statues that demonstrate an unparalleled level of craftsmanship and a 36 (symbol) belief system. Besides jade, Hongshan people also built large-scale ceremonial sites, 37 (highlight) their organizational capabilities. Equally notable is the 38 (maintain) of cultural continuity in the region. Elements of Hongshan’s jade art and ritual traditions have greatly influenced later Chinese civilizations, forming 39 important link in the country’s cultural heritage. Today, ongoing archaeological work enables new evidence 40 (uncover) every year, helping us better understand the origins of ancient Chinese societies and their spiritual world. Passage 5 （2026高三下·重庆沙坪坝·开学考） As ancient civilizations enter the mass digital entertainment ecosystem, games are being requested 41 (serve) as new forms of cultural representation. This year, these two worlds are connected. To celebrate the game’s 10th anniversary, the mobile game Honor of Kings is cooperating with the Sanxingdui Museum and film director Zhang Yimou to introduce Sanxingdui-inspired in-game skins, a series 42 transforms ancient relics into digital symbols. Using the civilization’s most iconic imagery, from its big eyes to the sacred bronze tree, 43 (reintroduce) the mystery and power of the ancient Shu culture to millions of players and proves that even 44 oldest stories can find new life on a modern battlefield. While enabling players to experience the lasting appeal 45 bronze culture within the game, it also represents another step forward in the Sanxingdui Museum’s 46 (explore) of digital engagement. Located in Guanghan, Sichuan, the museum has spent the past decade committed to 47 (bring) cultural relics to life through the use of digital technologies. In 2023, the new Sanxingdui Museum 48 (launch), featuring more than 20 digital installations. Zhu Yarong, director of the Sanxingdui management committee, notes that one of the greatest challenges facing digital exhibitions today lies in talent development. A 49 (design) must understand history and culture, and also master the logic of rapidly developing digital technologies, making multidisciplinary skills 50 (increasing) rare and valuable. Passage 6 （2026高三下·广东湛江·月考） From mathematics to Chinese calligraphy and classical texts, German Sinologist (汉学家) Andrea Bread has carved a new path to uncover the logical and poetic beauty of Chinese mathematics as well as the 51 (deep) of Chinese culture. 52 (stand) at the intersection of East and West, past and present, she focuses on ancient Chinese mathematics, 53 texts, written centuries or millennia ago, possess both formulaic (公式化的) logic and literary expression. ‌“An old Chinese math book works like a language,” Bread noted at an international meeting 54 (stage) in Beijing in January, 2026. The event, co-hosted by two institutions, 55 (bring) together scholars sharing insights on Sinology. Bread’s enthusiasm for Chinese scientific history was aroused by Chinese Mathematics: A Concise History, a book recording 2,000 years of China’s mathematical progress. Once a math and computer science student at Munich Technical University, she was also a 56 (passion) calligrapher and Chinese learner. The book shaped her academic focus; she later studied and worked 57 (global), earning a master’s in the history of science at Fudan University in Shanghai in the early 1990s. Bread believes ancient mathematical texts reflect history and society, revealing how knowledge spread 58 how math was linked to social and economic activities. She says that while there are 59 (difference) in how the Western and ancient Chinese worlds presented theories and methods of proof, 60 two worlds also shared common ground in mathematical research, for example, the Pythagorean theorem, or the Gougu Rule, which was proved by both sides. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $