Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveriest 单元话题读写组合练 -八年级英语下册单元整体优化精准练（新教材沪教版五四制）

Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries单元话题读写组合练 选材聚焦本单元话题，回答问题语篇以多种文本体裁呈现，难度递升；翻译以单元核心词汇及语法为依托，难度适中；书面表达遴选3篇不同角度的话题作文。 任务型阅读 Passage 01 阅读下面短文，回答问题。 Scientists Create World’s Tiniest Violin Scientists from the UK have created “the world’s smallest violin”. The violin is so tiny that it can only be seen with a powerful microscope. The researchers wondered if they could use a new kind of nanotechnology (纳米技术) to test the limits of how small a violin could actually be created. The tiny violin, made of a metal called platinum, measures just 35 microns long and 13 microns wide. A micron is one millionth of a meter. This means that the violin is even thinner than a human hair. The “nano-violin” wasn’t designed to be played. So what was the point? Physics professor Kelly Morrison, who led the project, says that “At first, we were just curious about how small a violin could be,” but the work they finally did is actually very important and creative for their research. In recent decades, computers and other technology have become faster as the parts inside of devices have become smaller. Building and studying extremely small things will help the scientists develop and test new ideas and materials for making things even smaller. The whole process of making the violin took about three hours. But it took the researchers several months to develop the methods they used to create it. Now that they’ve made the nano-violin, the researchers plan to use their system to study more serious things. For example, they’re looking at new ways to store information, and how to use heat to make computers work faster and use less energy. Task1: Answer the questions. 1．How can the tiny violin be seen? 2．What is the size(尺寸)of the tiny violin? 3．Why did scientists build and study extremely small things? 4．How long did the whole process of making the tiny violin take? 5．What do the researchers plan to do after they’ve made the nano-violin? Task 2: 6．Tiny things like nanobots (纳米机器人) are very useful in our daily life. What can we use nanobots to do? Write about 30 words to explain. 【答案】1．It can only be seen with a powerful microscope. 2．It measures just 35 microns long and 13 microns wide. 3．It will help the scientists develop and test new ideas and materials for making things even smaller. 4．It took about three hours. 5．They plan to use their system to study more serious things. 6．We can use it to fix small phone parts and make phones work longer/check food safety /clean dirty water to make it clean. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，英国科学家利用纳米技术制造出世界上最小的小提琴，其制作虽耗时短但方法研发耗时久，这项研究不仅源于好奇，更有助于相关技术创新，后续还将用于更重要的研究。 1．根据“The violin is so tiny that it can only be seen with a powerful microscope.”可知，这把小提琴非常小，只能用高倍显微镜才能看到。故填It can only be seen with a powerful microscope. 2．根据“The tiny violin, made of a metal called platinum, measures just 35 microns long and 13 microns wide.”可知，这把小提琴长35微米、宽13微米。故填It measures just 35 microns long and 13 microns wide. 3．根据“Building and studying extremely small things will help the scientists develop and test new ideas and materials for making things even smaller.”可知，制造和研究极小的东西能帮助科学家开发和测试新想法与材料。故填It will help the scientists develop and test new ideas and materials for making things even smaller. 4．根据“The whole process of making the violin took about three hours.”可知，制作这把小提琴的整个过程大约花了三个小时。故填It took about three hours. 5．根据“Now that they’ve made the nano-violin, the researchers plan to use their system to study more serious things.”可知，研究人员计划用他们的系统研究更重要的事情。故填They plan to use their system to study more serious things. 6．开放性试题，答案合理即可。故填We can use it to fix small phone parts and make phones work longer/check food safety /clean dirty water to make it clean. Passage 02 阅读下面短文，回答问题。 Archimedes’ “War Machines” Well-known Archimedes was a clever scientist in ancient Greece. He lived more than two thousand years ago and became famous for his discoveries in maths and physics. Using a smart way, he once showed King Hiero that his crown was not made completely of gold. However, few people know that Archimedes was also a great inventor who built many amazing machines. In 215 B．C．, the Roman army attacked his home city of Syracuse. At that time, most scientists would have left such matters to soldiers, but Archimedes decided to use his mind instead of weapons. He stopped doing his usual research and began to “fight against” the enemy by making several “war machines” that surprised the world. One of these inventions was the Iron Claw (铁爪). It was a huge machine made of iron and needed many people to control it together. The claw could lift up Roman ships, shake them, and drop them back into the sea. The Romans were shocked when they saw their ships falling into the water like toys. Archimedes also invented the stone thrower, a large machine that could send heavy stones from the city walls to attack the Roman ships far away. The Romans were so amazed by it that they even copied the design and built one of their own. Perhaps the most famous of all was the Death Ray. Archimedes used many mirrors to catch sunlight and focus it on the Roman ships. The strong light made the wooden ships catch fire and soon they began to sink. The Roman soldiers were frightened and tried to escape. What a creative mind Archimedes had! Using his great knowledge, he successfully protected his home city. 7．Archimedes once helped King Hiero, didn’t he? 8．When did the Roman army attack Archimedes’ home city? 9．How many “war machines” invented by Archimedes did the article mention? 10．What could the stone thrower do? 11．What was the Death Ray made of? 12．What can we learn from Archimedes’ story? 【答案】7．Yes, he did. 8．In 215 B.C. 9．Three. 10．It could send heavy stones from the city walls to attack the Roman ships far away. 11．It was made of mirrors. 12．Wisdom could be stronger than weapons./... 【导语】本文主要讲述了古希腊著名科学家阿基米德不仅在数学和物理领域有卓越发现，还是一位伟大的发明家，在罗马军队攻打他的家乡时，他发明了多种“战争机器”成功保卫家乡的故事。 7．根据文中“Using a smart way, he once showed King Hiero that his crown was not made completely of gold.”可知，阿基米德曾用聪明的方法向希罗王证明他的王冠不是完全由金子制成的，这表明他帮助了希罗王。故填Yes, he did. 8．根据文中“In 215 B.C., the Roman army attacked his home city of Syracuse.”可知，罗马军队在公元前215年攻打了阿基米德的家乡。故填In 215 B.C. 9．文中提到了阿基米德发明的三种“战争机器”，分别是铁爪（the Iron Claw）、投石机（the stone thrower）和死亡射线（the Death Ray）。故填Three. 10．根据文中“Archimedes also invented the stone thrower, a large machine that could send heavy stones from the city walls to attack the Roman ships far away.”可知，投石机可以从城墙上发射重石，攻击远处的罗马船只。故填It could send heavy stones from the city walls to attack the Roman ships far away. 11．根据文中“Archimedes used many mirrors to catch sunlight and focus it on the Roman ships.”可知，死亡射线是由许多镜子组成的，用来捕捉阳光并聚焦在罗马船只上。故填It was made of mirrors. 12．这是一个开放性问题，答案因人而异。但可以根据文章内容和常识来回答。例如“Wisdom could be stronger than weapons.”，即智慧可以比武器更强大。因为阿基米德用自己的智慧发明了战争机器，成功保卫了家乡，没有使用武力却取得了胜利。故填Wisdom could be stronger than weapons./... Passage 03 阅读下面短文，回答问题。 Useful apps to make life better The online media group TechRadar recently made a list of “the most useful and interesting apps”. Let’s take a look at three of them. Things 3 Things 3 is an award-winning task manager. It helps users collect their thoughts and plan their time efficiently. The app’s chief design is a to-do list. It allows users to add context, such as the time, date, or location that they plan to carry the task out. It then shows a “Today” view with the day’s tasks, and groups things users do after work under the heading “This Evening”. It puts later tasks in a list titled “Upcoming”. StoryZ In the age of smartphones, everyone is a photographer. From taking selfie (自拍) to sharing them on social media, photo apps play an important role in making our pictures look perfect. StoryZ’s latest version takes it a step further. The app has two modes. The first one is “Ripple Effect (连锁反应)”, which makes still images move and come to life. It can create amazing animated photographs. Another one is “Motion Effect (动态效果)”, which creates video stories on still images. It can turn your photos into animated GIFs. TaoMix If you want to relax, sleep better or focus, the sounds of nature are an excellent choice. TaoMix allows you to listen to some soft sounds to release stress and helps you take a break from your busy life. This white noise (白噪声) app provides hundreds of nature sounds. You can hear sounds of birds, waves of the sea, falling rain, blowing wind, and many more! Better yet, you are not limited to one sound. You can build a soundscape (音景) by selecting several at a time. 13．Does Things 3 help users collect their thoughts and plan their time efficiently? 14．What are the three apps listed in the article? 15．What can users do with the“Motion Effect” mode of StoryZ? 16．According to the article, how can white noise be good for people? 17．If Tom wants to make a plan for the winter holiday, which of the three listed apps can help him? 18．Which one of the three listed apps do you like best? List at least two reasons. 【答案】13．Yes, it does. 14．Things 3, StoryZ and TaoMix. 15．They can create video stories on still images and turn photos into animated GIFs. 16．It can help people relax, sleep better or focus. 17．Things 3. 18．I like TaoMix best. The first reason is that it provides hundreds of nature sounds, which can help me relax and sleep better. The second reason is that I can build a soundscape by selecting several sounds at a time, which makes it more interesting and personalized. 【导语】本文主要介绍了TechRadar列出的“最有用且最有趣的三个应用程序”，包括Things 3、StoryZ和TaoMix，并详细说明了它们各自的功能和特点。 13．根据文中“Things 3 is an award-winning task manager. It helps users collect their thoughts and plan their time efficiently.”可知，Things 3可以帮助用户整理思路并高效地规划时间。故填Yes, it does. 14．根据文中“The online media group TechRadar recently made a list of ‘the most useful and interesting apps’. Let’s take a look at three of them. Things 3…StoryZ…TaoMix…”可知，文章列出了三个应用程序，分别是Things 3、StoryZ和TaoMix。故填Things 3, StoryZ and TaoMix. 15．根据文中“Another one is ‘Motion Effect (动态效果)’, which creates video stories on still images. It can turn your photos into animated GIFs.”可知，用户可以使用StoryZ的“Motion Effect”模式在静态图像上创建视频故事，还可以将照片转换为动画GIF。故填They can create video stories on still images and turn photos into animated GIFs. 16．根据文中“If you want to relax, sleep better or focus, the sounds of nature are an excellent choice. TaoMix allows you to listen to some soft sounds to release stress and helps you take a break from your busy life.”可知，白噪声可以帮助人们放松、改善睡眠或集中注意力。故填It can help people relax, sleep better or focus. 17．根据文中“Things 3 is an award-winning task manager. It helps users collect their thoughts and plan their time efficiently.”可知，如果Tom想要为寒假制定计划，Things 3可以帮助他。故填Things 3. 18．开放性问题，言之有理即可。参考答案为：I like TaoMix best. The first reason is that it provides hundreds of nature sounds, which can help me relax and sleep better. The second reason is that I can build a soundscape by selecting several sounds at a time, which makes it more interesting and personalized. Passage 04 阅读下面短文，回答问题。 You can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. To protect people from rain, he created lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain-sensing umbrella. The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on the streets. “Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy (伞篷) built into a street lamp.” he said. The lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining. In addition to the rain sensor, there’s also a 360° motion sensor on the fibreglass street lamp which detects whether anyone’s using the lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed. According to the designer, the lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strikes. Each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed at two meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians. While there are no plans to take lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists this creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter. 19．Will the lampbrella be put into immediate production? 20．Why did Belyaev create the lampbrella? 21．From Belyaev’s words in Paragraph 2, we know that his creation was inspired by on the street. (No more than 3 words.) 22．Besides sensors, what are the other two things that help a lampbrella work? 23．How long will the canopy hold if it is not used? 24．What do you think of Belyaev’s creation? Why do you think so? 【答案】19．No, it won’t. 20．Because he wanted to protect people from rain. 21．his own experience/what he saw 22．A built-in electric motor and a canopy. 23．For three minutes. 24．I think it is both creative and practical. Because it can help those who forget to take the umbrellas to hide from rain and it won’t take up extra space when it’s sunny. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了设计师Mikhail Belyaev发明了一种名为lampbrella的装置，它是一种带有雨感应伞的路灯，旨在保护人们免受雨淋。 19．根据文章最后一段“While there are no plans to take lampbrella into production”可知，目前没有计划将lampbrella立即投入生产。故填No, it won’t. 20．根据文章第一段“To protect people from rain, he created lampbrella”可知，Belyaev创造lampbrella的目的是为了保护人们免受雨淋。故填Because he wanted to protect people from rain. 21．根据文章第二段“The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on the streets.”以及Belyaev的话“Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy built into a street lamp.”可知，他的创作灵感来自于他在街上看到的人们被雨淋湿的情景，即他自己的经历或所见所闻。故填his own experience/what he saw. 22．根据文章第三段“It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.”以及全文内容可知，除了传感器外，lampbrella还依靠内置电动机和伞篷来工作。内置电动机可以根据需要打开或关闭伞篷，而伞篷则提供实际的遮雨功能。故填A built-in electric motor and a canopy. 23．根据文章第四段“After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.”可知，如果伞篷不被使用，它将保持打开状态三分钟，然后自动关闭。但题目问的是“hold”（保持打开）的时间，所以答案是三分钟。故填For three minutes. 24．开放性问题，要求评价Belyaev的创作并给出原因。可以从创意性、实用性、安全性等方面进行评价。例如，可以认为这个创作既具有创意又实用，因为它能帮助那些忘记带伞的人避雨，而且在晴天时不会占用额外的空间。故填I think it is both creative and practical. Because it can help those who forget to take the umbrellas to hide from rain and it won’t take up extra space when it’s sunny. Passage 05 阅读下面短文，回答问题。 Thomas Edison made more than 1,000 inventions in his life. Many of his inventions have changed the world. His first invention was a vote recorder (投票记录器) in 1869. The machine allowed people to place a vote by pressing a button. They didn’t need to say yes or no. However, American government officials did not like Edison's invention because they preferred to call out their votes. Edison learned that he would never again invent anything people did not want. Edison started a company with his friend, Franklin Pope. They made fire and burglar (盗窃) alarms. At this company, Edison was busy from early in the morning until late at night. He often said, “There’s no substitute (替代品) for hard work.” He invented a telegraph to print the price of gold and silver. He sold it to the West Union Company for $15,000. With some of this money Edison started his own company in 1868. Next he invented a stock ticker (证券报价机). This was a machine that recorded the price of stocks in New York. The West Union Company paid Edison $40,000 for this invention. Edison used the money to open a shop in Newark in the state of New Jersey. There he met a young woman, Mary Stilwell. Edison and Mary got married on Christmas Day in 1871. They had three children. In 1875, with his wife and young family, Edison moved to Menlo Park in the same state. There he built his own laboratory. In the laboratory were tables, science books, instruments and bottles of chemicals. His first success at Menlo Park was an improvement (改进) on the telephone that Alexander Graham Bell had just invented. 25．What did Edison learn from his first invention? 26．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? 27．When did Edison have a company of his own? 28．Who moved to Menlo with Edison? 29．Do you dream of being an inventor? Why (not)? 【答案】25．Edison learned that he would never again invent anything people did not want. 26．Hard work is important. 27．In 1868. 28．His wife and young family. 29．Yes, because inventions can solve problems and improve people’s lives. 【导语】本文主要讲述了托马斯·爱迪生的生平发明经历，包括他的第一项发明、与朋友合作、成立自己的公司、发明证券报价机、建立实验室以及在门洛帕克的首次成功改进电话等，展现了爱迪生的发明才华和努力工作的精神。 25．根据第一段最后一句“Edison learned that he would never again invent anything people did not want.”可知，爱迪生从他的第一项发明中学到了他再也不会发明人们不想要的东西。故填Edison learned that he would never again invent anything people did not want. 26．根据第二段“At this company, Edison was busy from early in the morning until late at night. He often said, ‘There's no substitute (替代品) for hard work.’”可知，在这家公司，爱迪生从早到晚都很忙，他认为没有什么可以替代努力工作，即努力工作是很重要的。故填Hard work is important. 27．根据第三段第一句“With some of this money Edison started his own company in 1868.”可知，爱迪生在1868年有了自己的公司。故填In 1868. 28．根据第四段“In 1875, with his wife and young family, Edison moved to Menlo Park in the same state.”可知，爱迪生的妻子和年幼的孩子和他一起搬到了门洛帕克。故填His wife and young family. 29．主观题，合理即可，故填Yes, because inventions can solve problems and improve people’s lives. 句子翻译 1．他讲了一个多么激动人心的故事啊! (exciting) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】What an exciting story he told! 【详解】根据中文意思可知，应用感叹句；一个有趣的故事“an exciting story”，为形容词和名词构成的名词短语，应用what引导感叹句，其结构为“What+a/an+形容词+名词单数+主语+谓语”；he“他”；told“讲”。故填What an exciting story he told! 2. 这些古代的发明多么有用啊！（ useful） _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】How useful these ancient inventions are! /What useful ancient inventions they are ! 【详解】中文表感叹，用单元语法重点 ——How 引导的感叹句；“有用的” 用形容词 useful，“古代的” 用单元形容词 ancient 修饰 inventions；符合 “How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语” 的结构，准确运用单元感叹句语法，同时融入核心词汇。 3.. 青霉素(penicillin )的发现改变了医学的进程。（discovery） _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The discovery of penicillin changed the course of medicine. 【详解】“发现” 需用单元核心名词 discovery，“…… 的发现” 用固定搭配 the discovery of；“医学的进程” 对应单元词汇 course 的核心含义 “进程”，即 the course of medicine；句子描述历史事实，用一般过去时，语法与词汇用法均贴合单元重点。 4. 屠呦呦自愿在自己身上测试这种救命药物。（volunteer） _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Tu Youyou volunteered to test this life-saving medicine on herself. 【详解】“自愿做某事” 是单元核心搭配 volunteer to do sth.，结合语境用一般过去时 volunteered；“救命的” 用单元复合形容词 life-saving，修饰名词 medicine；“在自己身上测试” 用 test...on herself，符合单元中屠呦呦相关语境。 5. 轮子是古代最伟大的发明之一，极大地便利了人们的出行。（wheel） _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The wheel is one of the greatest ancient inventions, which greatly facilitates people's travel. 【详解】“轮子” 是单元核心名词 wheel，“古代的” 用形容词 ancient 修饰 inventions；“最伟大的发明之一” 用 one of the greatest + 复数名词结构，符合单元对古代发明的描述语境，准确运用核心词汇的词性与搭配。 6. 我们可以通过电子邮件与远方的朋友保持联系。（keep in touch） _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We can keep in touch with friends far away through email. 【详解】“保持联系” 是单元核心短语 keep in touch with，为必考搭配；句子用情态动词 can 表能力，through email 表示 “通过电子邮件”，符合单元中通讯相关话题的词汇运用场景。 7. 这位科学家因在太空探索方面的贡献而获得了奖项。（award） _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The scientist was awarded a prize for his contributions to space exploration. 【详解】“探索” 用单元名词 exploration，“太空探索” 为 space exploration；“获奖” 用单元核心搭配 be awarded a prize，此处用被动语态体现 “被授予奖项”，契合单元中科学家获奖的相关语境。 8. 没有灯泡，天黑后我们几乎不能做任何事。（hardly） _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Without the light bulb, we could hardly do anything after dark. 【详解】“灯泡” 是单元核心名词短语 light bulb；“几乎不” 用单元高频副词 hardly，表否定含义，修饰动词 do；after dark 为单元相关表达 “天黑后”，准确还原单元中关于灯泡重要性的语境。 9. 蔡伦用植物、渔网等材料造纸。（material） _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Cai Lun made paper with materials such as plants and fishnets. 【详解】“材料” 用单元核心名词 material，此处表 “多种材料” 用复数形式 materials；“渔网” 是单元名词 fishnet，复数形式 fishnets 与 plants 并列；“用…… 材料” 用 make...with materials，符合单元中造纸术相关的词汇运用场景。 10. 他偶然发现了一种能阻止细菌生长的霉菌。（by accident, bacteria） _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He discovered a kind of mould that can stop bacteria from growing by accident. 【详解】“偶然地” 是单元核心短语 by accident，作状语；“细菌” 是单元重点名词 bacteria（复数形式），“阻止…… 生长” 用 stop...from growing，均为单元核心用法；mould 为单元词汇 “霉菌”，贴合科学发现主题。 话题写作 一、Write at least 60 words on the topic “ I want to invent _____ ” (以“我想要发明________”为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格) （注意：1、在答题纸上将题目补充完整。 2、短文中不得出现任何人名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。） The following is for reference only. (以下表达仅供参考) It can be used to… It will be exciting/necessary/helpful to… _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 I Want To Invent A Family Doctor Robot I want to invent a family doctor robot,which can be used to cure the illness without going out of their home.As far as I’m concerned, it will bee extremely helpful and useful because of the following reasons: First, you can see the doctor immediately at home when you feel sick or get hurt. It can save us a lot of time, especially in emergency situations. Furthermore,hospitals today are always filled with patients, not everyone can be taken good care of. However, with the help of our robot doctors,you can talk to your personal doctor one to one whenever you want. In short, family doctor robots can make great contribution to our society. 【详解】这是一个开放性的话题作文，学生要自己组织语言围绕着自己想发明什么，为什么有这种想法，以及发明将给人们带来什么变化等组织语言。主要用到一般现在时及将来时态。 写作亮点：亮点一：全文巧用“first, furthermore, in short” 等连接词，把家庭机器人医生的好处写的非常清晰，让阅卷老师一目了然。 亮点二：全文采用了定语从句、状语从句、并列句等多种长难句，为文采分增色不少。 亮点三：文中出现了“extremely, make contribution to” 这些超纲单词及词组，恰到好处地强调了家庭机器人医生的重要性，且为文采再次进行润色。 二、Your friend Alice wrote you an email. Read the email and write at least 55 words to reply. （你的朋友Alice写了一封电子邮件给你。阅读这封电子邮件，写一封不少于60词的回信给她。） Dear friend: I’m conducting a survey on “The most useful invention”. It would be great if you can write a passage on this topic. You need to tell me the following information: 1. What’s the most useful invention in your opinion? 2. Why do you think it is useful? 3. What will happen if we live without it? Hope to hear from you soon. Yours sincerely Alice _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 The most useful invention There are a lot of useful inventions in our life, like computer, Internet, TV and so on. Among them, I think camera is the most useful one. First, camera can help us capture some special moments at the birthday party, wedding or graduation. Also, it can keep the beautiful scenery we see during the trip and we can easily share it with family and friends. What’s more, camera can record the smiling faces of the babies, friendship among classmates and love in the family. I can’t record those happy moment without the camera. Therefore, camera plays an important role in our life. 【详解】 题目解读：本文是一篇回信，根据Alice发的邮件可知，Alice在做一个关于“最有用的发明”的调查，希望作者回答几个问题：你认为最有用的发明，为什么，如果没有它会发生什么，三个问题。作文应以第一人称书写，时态为一般现在时。注意要点齐全，上下文连接词的使用。 例文点评：本文以There be句型举例开头，给出多个发明，然后紧接着介绍自己认为最有用的。然后以First、Also、What’s more连接上下文，介绍原因。最后一段总结全文。句意叙述完整且条理清晰，语句通顺，语义连贯。 高分亮点： 短语：a lot of；and so on；share…with；what’s more；play an important role in。 句型：There are a lot of useful inventions in our life, like computer, Internet, TV and so on.；Also, it can keep the beautiful scenery we see during the trip and we can easily share it with family and friends. 三、近年来，科技的进步正在逐步影响着人们的日常生活。 中国的“新四大发明”：高铁、支付宝、共享单车和网购使得人们的出行与生活更加便捷。假如你是李华，你的朋友Lisa是英国的一名初中生，她对我们的“新四大发明”很感兴趣。请你给她写一封电子邮件，具体内容如下： 1. 介绍其中一种“新发明”基本情况； 2. 谈谈你的看法和评价； 3. 邀请她下个月参加你校科技节，将展出学生制作的各类小模型。 注意： 1.词数60词左右, 2.可适当增加细节，使行文流畅。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 范文 1：聚焦高铁 Dear Lisa, I’m glad you’re interested in China’s new four great inventions. I’d like to introduce high-speed trains to you. They run very fast, even hundreds of kilometers an hour. I totally think it’s a fantastic invention. It makes our trips much more convenient and saves a lot of time for traveling. By the way, our school’s Science Festival is coming next month. Many student-made models will be on show. Welcome to join us! Yours, Li Hua 【详解】 题目解读： 本文是一封电子邮件，向英国朋友 Lisa 介绍中国 “新四大发明” 中的一种，表达对该发明的看法，并邀请她参加学校科技节，需分三段完成，词数控制在 60 词左右，用第一人称书写，时态以一般现在时为主。例文点评： 第一段开门见山引出话题，介绍高铁的核心特点 —— 速度快；第二段表达对高铁的评价，点明其便捷、省时间的优势；第三段发出科技节的邀请，要点齐全，三段式结构清晰，上下文衔接自然。 高分亮点： 短语：be interested in；a lot of；on show；totally agree 句型：I’d like to introduce...to you.；It makes our trips much more convenient. 范文 2：聚焦支付宝 Dear Lisa, How are you? Knowing you’re curious about China’s new four great inventions, I want to talk about Alipay. We can pay for almost everything with it without cash. I think it’s a great invention that changes our daily life. It’s fast and safe, making our life much easier. Our school will hold a Science Festival next month. There will be many cool student-made models on display. Come and visit us! Yours, Li Hua 【详解】 题目解读： 本文是一封给英国朋友 Lisa 的电子邮件，要求介绍中国 “新四大发明” 之一、谈谈个人看法、邀请参加科技节，分三段书写，词数 60 词左右，采用第一人称，以一般现在时描述发明特点。 例文点评： 第一段介绍支付宝的核心功能 —— 无现金支付；第二段评价支付宝，指出其对日常生活的改变及安全便捷的特点；第三段告知科技节信息并发出邀请，三段分工明确，行文流畅，符合写作要求。 高分亮点： 短语：be curious about；pay for；on display；change one's daily life 句型：I want to talk about...；It’s a great invention that changes our daily life. 范文 3：聚焦共享单车 Dear Lisa, I’m happy to hear you’re interested in China’s new four great inventions. Let me tell you about shared bikes. We can rent them with a phone app easily. It’s a wonderful green invention for short trips. It’s cheap and good for our environment, too. Next month, our school has a Science Festival with many student-made models. Would you like to come and see? Yours, Li Hua 【详解】 题目解读： 本文是一封写给英国朋友 Lisa 的电子邮件，需完成介绍 “新四大发明” 之一、发表个人评价、邀请参加科技节三个任务，分三段书写，词数控制在 60 词左右，第一人称叙述，一般现在时为主。 例文点评： 第一段介绍共享单车的使用方式，简洁明了；第二段评价共享单车，突出其绿色、便宜、适合短途出行的特点；第三段邀请 Lisa 参加学校科技节，句式委婉，三段结构清晰，要点无一遗漏。 高分亮点： 短语：rent...with...；be good for；short trips 句型：Let me tell you about...；Would you like to come and see? 范文 4：聚焦网购 Dear Lisa, Hi! I know you’re interested in China’s new four great inventions. I’d love to introduce online shopping to you. We can buy anything at home on the Internet. I think it’s an amazing invention. It saves us a lot of time and we can buy things more cheaply. Our school’s Science Festival is next month. Many student-made models will be on show. Welcome to our school! Yours,Li Hua 【详解】 题目解读： 本文是一封给英国朋友 Lisa 的电子邮件，核心任务为介绍中国 “新四大发明” 中的一种、表达个人看法、邀请参加科技节，要求分三段书写，词数 60 词左右，第一人称书写，用一般现在时介绍发明特征。 例文点评：第一段介绍网购的核心特点 —— 居家网购，简单易懂；第二段评价网购，点明其省时间、价格实惠的优势；第三段发出科技节的邀请，内容简洁，三段式结构规范，行文流畅，符合词数要求。 高分亮点： 短语：introduce...to...；save sb. a lot of time；on show 句型：I’d love to introduce...to you.；It saves us a lot of time. 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries单元话题读写组合练 选材聚焦本单元话题，回答问题语篇以多种文本体裁呈现，难度递升；翻译以单元核心词汇及语法为依托，难度适中；书面表达遴选3篇不同角度的话题作文。 任务型阅读 Passage 01 阅读下面短文，回答问题。 Scientists Create World’s Tiniest Violin Scientists from the UK have created “the world’s smallest violin”. The violin is so tiny that it can only be seen with a powerful microscope. The researchers wondered if they could use a new kind of nanotechnology (纳米技术) to test the limits of how small a violin could actually be created. The tiny violin, made of a metal called platinum, measures just 35 microns long and 13 microns wide. A micron is one millionth of a meter. This means that the violin is even thinner than a human hair. The “nano-violin” wasn’t designed to be played. So what was the point? Physics professor Kelly Morrison, who led the project, says that “At first, we were just curious about how small a violin could be,” but the work they finally did is actually very important and creative for their research. In recent decades, computers and other technology have become faster as the parts inside of devices have become smaller. Building and studying extremely small things will help the scientists develop and test new ideas and materials for making things even smaller. The whole process of making the violin took about three hours. But it took the researchers several months to develop the methods they used to create it. Now that they’ve made the nano-violin, the researchers plan to use their system to study more serious things. For example, they’re looking at new ways to store information, and how to use heat to make computers work faster and use less energy. Task1: Answer the questions. 1．How can the tiny violin be seen? 2．What is the size(尺寸)of the tiny violin? 3．Why did scientists build and study extremely small things? 4．How long did the whole process of making the tiny violin take? 5．What do the researchers plan to do after they’ve made the nano-violin? Task 2: 6．Tiny things like nanobots (纳米机器人) are very useful in our daily life. What can we use nanobots to do? Write about 30 words to explain. Passage 02 阅读下面短文，回答问题。 Archimedes’ “War Machines” Well-known Archimedes was a clever scientist in ancient Greece. He lived more than two thousand years ago and became famous for his discoveries in maths and physics. Using a smart way, he once showed King Hiero that his crown was not made completely of gold. However, few people know that Archimedes was also a great inventor who built many amazing machines. In 215 B．C．, the Roman army attacked his home city of Syracuse. At that time, most scientists would have left such matters to soldiers, but Archimedes decided to use his mind instead of weapons. He stopped doing his usual research and began to “fight against” the enemy by making several “war machines” that surprised the world. One of these inventions was the Iron Claw (铁爪). It was a huge machine made of iron and needed many people to control it together. The claw could lift up Roman ships, shake them, and drop them back into the sea. The Romans were shocked when they saw their ships falling into the water like toys. Archimedes also invented the stone thrower, a large machine that could send heavy stones from the city walls to attack the Roman ships far away. The Romans were so amazed by it that they even copied the design and built one of their own. Perhaps the most famous of all was the Death Ray. Archimedes used many mirrors to catch sunlight and focus it on the Roman ships. The strong light made the wooden ships catch fire and soon they began to sink. The Roman soldiers were frightened and tried to escape. What a creative mind Archimedes had! Using his great knowledge, he successfully protected his home city. 7．Archimedes once helped King Hiero, didn’t he? 8．When did the Roman army attack Archimedes’ home city? 9．How many “war machines” invented by Archimedes did the article mention? 10．What could the stone thrower do? 11．What was the Death Ray made of? 12．What can we learn from Archimedes’ story? Passage 03 阅读下面短文，回答问题。 Useful apps to make life better The online media group TechRadar recently made a list of “the most useful and interesting apps”. Let’s take a look at three of them. Things 3 Things 3 is an award-winning task manager. It helps users collect their thoughts and plan their time efficiently. The app’s chief design is a to-do list. It allows users to add context, such as the time, date, or location that they plan to carry the task out. It then shows a “Today” view with the day’s tasks, and groups things users do after work under the heading “This Evening”. It puts later tasks in a list titled “Upcoming”. StoryZ In the age of smartphones, everyone is a photographer. From taking selfie (自拍) to sharing them on social media, photo apps play an important role in making our pictures look perfect. StoryZ’s latest version takes it a step further. The app has two modes. The first one is “Ripple Effect (连锁反应)”, which makes still images move and come to life. It can create amazing animated photographs. Another one is “Motion Effect (动态效果)”, which creates video stories on still images. It can turn your photos into animated GIFs. TaoMix If you want to relax, sleep better or focus, the sounds of nature are an excellent choice. TaoMix allows you to listen to some soft sounds to release stress and helps you take a break from your busy life. This white noise (白噪声) app provides hundreds of nature sounds. You can hear sounds of birds, waves of the sea, falling rain, blowing wind, and many more! Better yet, you are not limited to one sound. You can build a soundscape (音景) by selecting several at a time. 13．Does Things 3 help users collect their thoughts and plan their time efficiently? 14．What are the three apps listed in the article? 15．What can users do with the“Motion Effect” mode of StoryZ? 16．According to the article, how can white noise be good for people? 17．If Tom wants to make a plan for the winter holiday, which of the three listed apps can help him? 18．Which one of the three listed apps do you like best? List at least two reasons. Passage 04 阅读下面短文，回答问题。 You can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. To protect people from rain, he created lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain-sensing umbrella. The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on the streets. “Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy (伞篷) built into a street lamp.” he said. The lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining. In addition to the rain sensor, there’s also a 360° motion sensor on the fibreglass street lamp which detects whether anyone’s using the lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed. According to the designer, the lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strikes. Each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed at two meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians. While there are no plans to take lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists this creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter. 19．Will the lampbrella be put into immediate production? 20．Why did Belyaev create the lampbrella? 21．From Belyaev’s words in Paragraph 2, we know that his creation was inspired by on the street. (No more than 3 words.) 22．Besides sensors, what are the other two things that help a lampbrella work? 23．How long will the canopy hold if it is not used? 24．What do you think of Belyaev’s creation? Why do you think so? Passage 05 阅读下面短文，回答问题。 Thomas Edison made more than 1,000 inventions in his life. Many of his inventions have changed the world. His first invention was a vote recorder (投票记录器) in 1869. The machine allowed people to place a vote by pressing a button. They didn’t need to say yes or no. However, American government officials did not like Edison's invention because they preferred to call out their votes. Edison learned that he would never again invent anything people did not want. Edison started a company with his friend, Franklin Pope. They made fire and burglar (盗窃) alarms. At this company, Edison was busy from early in the morning until late at night. He often said, “There’s no substitute (替代品) for hard work.” He invented a telegraph to print the price of gold and silver. He sold it to the West Union Company for $15,000. With some of this money Edison started his own company in 1868. Next he invented a stock ticker (证券报价机). This was a machine that recorded the price of stocks in New York. The West Union Company paid Edison $40,000 for this invention. Edison used the money to open a shop in Newark in the state of New Jersey. There he met a young woman, Mary Stilwell. Edison and Mary got married on Christmas Day in 1871. They had three children. In 1875, with his wife and young family, Edison moved to Menlo Park in the same state. There he built his own laboratory. In the laboratory were tables, science books, instruments and bottles of chemicals. His first success at Menlo Park was an improvement (改进) on the telephone that Alexander Graham Bell had just invented. 25．What did Edison learn from his first invention? 26．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? 27．When did Edison have a company of his own? 28．Who moved to Menlo with Edison? 29．Do you dream of being an inventor? Why (not)? 句子翻译 1．他讲了一个多么激动人心的故事啊! (exciting) _____________________________________________________________________ 2. 这些古代的发明多么有用啊！（ useful） _____________________________________________________________________ 3.. 青霉素(penicillin )的发现改变了医学的进程。（discovery） _____________________________________________________________________ 4. 屠呦呦自愿在自己身上测试这种救命药物。（volunteer） _____________________________________________________________________ 5. 轮子是古代最伟大的发明之一，极大地便利了人们的出行。（wheel） _____________________________________________________________________ 6. 我们可以通过电子邮件与远方的朋友保持联系。（keep in touch） _____________________________________________________________________ 7. 这位科学家因在太空探索方面的贡献而获得了奖项。（award） _____________________________________________________________________ 8. 没有灯泡，天黑后我们几乎不能做任何事。（hardly） _____________________________________________________________________ 9. 蔡伦用植物、渔网等材料造纸。（material） _____________________________________________________________________ 10. 他偶然发现了一种能阻止细菌生长的霉菌。（by accident, bacteria） _____________________________________________________________________ 话题写作 一、Write at least 60 words on the topic “ I want to invent _____ ” (以“我想要发明________”为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格) （注意：1、在答题纸上将题目补充完整。 2、短文中不得出现任何人名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。） The following is for reference only. (以下表达仅供参考) It can be used to… It will be exciting/necessary/helpful to… _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、Your friend Alice wrote you an email. Read the email and write at least 55 words to reply. （你的朋友Alice写了一封电子邮件给你。阅读这封电子邮件，写一封不少于60词的回信给她。） Dear friend: I’m conducting a survey on “The most useful invention”. It would be great if you can write a passage on this topic. You need to tell me the following information: 1. What’s the most useful invention in your opinion? 2. Why do you think it is useful? 3. What will happen if we live without it? Hope to hear from you soon. Yours sincerely Alice _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 三、近年来，科技的进步正在逐步影响着人们的日常生活。 中国的“新四大发明”：高铁、支付宝、共享单车和网购使得人们的出行与生活更加便捷。假如你是李华，你的朋友Lisa是英国的一名初中生，她对我们的“新四大发明”很感兴趣。请你给她写一封电子邮件，具体内容如下： 1. 介绍其中一种“新发明”基本情况； 2. 谈谈你的看法和评价； 3. 邀请她下个月参加你校科技节，将展出学生制作的各类小模型。 注意： 1.词数60词左右, 2.可适当增加细节，使行文流畅。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $