Unit 2 课时3 Grammar：感叹句（分层作业）英语新教材沪教版五四制八年级下册

Unit2 Great inventions and discoveries 课时3 Grammar：感叹句 分层作业 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 ( 结构类型 基本句型 结构说明 What 引导 1. What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语！ 形容词修饰单数可数名词，名词前需加不定冠词 a/an（元音音素开头用 an，辅音音素开头用 a） 2. What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + 主语 + 谓语！ 形容词修饰复数可数名词，名词前不加冠词 3. What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！ 形容词修饰不可数名词，名词前无冠词 How 引导 1. How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语！ 直接修饰形容词，主语和谓语可省略（常见于口语） 2. How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！ 直接修饰副词，强调动作的状态 3. How + 主语 + 谓语！ 强调句子的整体情况，语气较强烈 What 与 How 句型转换 同一个感叹句，可根据强调的重点转换句型 转换核心： What 强调名词，How 强调形容词 / 副词 ) 1．________ extreme weather conditions many countries have experienced in recent years! A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 2．— ________ fine weather it is! — Yes, it is. Let’s go boating on the lake! A．How B．How a C．What D．What a 3．__________ fast digital technology is developing! A．What B．How C．What a D．How a 4．__________ beautiful the sunrise is! It takes my breath away. A．What B．How C．What a D．How a 5．—________ bad news it is! A．How B．What a C．How a D．What 6．—It rained yesterday, so we couldn’t climb the mountains. —________ terrible day it was! A．What B．How a C．What a D．How 7．________ useful advice the teacher gave us! A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 8．—His brother won the first prize in Culinary Competition (烹饪大赛). —________ a wonderful boy! A．What B．Who C．Which D．How 9．—________ interesting book Journey to the West is! —That’s true. I really like it, too. A．How B．What C．What an D．What a 10．________ great fun we had at the charity sale! Our money can help the people in need! A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 11．_______ wonderful the garden looks with all these flowers! A．How B．What C．What an D．How a 12．—Listen! ________ it is raining outside! —Yes. It is raining cats and dogs. A．How heavily B．How heavy C．What heavy D．What heavily 13．—What ________ bad weather it was! The farmers faced huge losses. —Yes. Many people took pity on them and started to raise money to solve ________ awful problem. A．a; an B．/; an C．a; / D．/; the 14．—________ excellent water park! —Yes, let’s explore the great rides here. A．How B．What C．What an D．How an 15．—________! Thank you so much for cooking for us. —I’m glad you like it. A．How nice meal B．What a nice meal C．How a nice meal D．What nice meal 16．—What ________ bad weather it is! —Yes, but I love ________ air after it rains. It smells so fresh. A．a; the B．/; the C．the; an D．an;/ 17．—You can buy the ticket through Xiecheng App more cheaply. —Thanks! ________ useful information! A．What B．What a C．What an D．How 18．—How ________ Li Ming writes! —Yes, he is the ________ in our class. A．carefully, most careful B．careful, most careful C．carefully, most carefully D．careful, most carefully 19．—________ wonderful experience our family had in Disneyland. —I’m glad you had a good time. A．What B．How C．How a D．What a 20．________ honest boy Peter is! We can always trust what he says. A．What B．How C．What a D．What an 1．—________ great time we had practicing ________ piano! —Yes. It’s enjoyable. A．What a; playing the​ B．How; to playing C．What; playing​ D．How; playing the 2．________ big success the film ________ her novel was! A．What a; based upon B．What; was based upon C．What a; was based upon D．How; based upon 3．—_______ heavy the snow that is falling in Changzhou is! How can we go to work today? —_______ it is snowing heavily, let’s walk instead of driving. A．What; Because B．What a; Since C．How; Since D．How; Though 4．—________ excellent advice it is! I’m sure to have a wonderful summer vacation. —I’m so glad that you like it. A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 5．―It’s raining again. We haven’t seen the sun for weeks. ―_________  weather it is! A．What good B．How good C．What bad D．How bad 6．—The advantages of Chongqi Bridge have already been seen. —________ good news to us! A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 7．__________ the boy is running! He must be the first place. A．What fast B．How quick C．How fast D．How slowly 8．________ great fun it is ________ diaries in English on the Internet! A．How, keep on keep B．What, to keep on keeping C．How, keeping on keep D．What, keeping on keeping 9．________ important advice we got today! A．What a B．How C．What an D．What 10．—Shenzhou XII spacecraft returned safely after living on the space station for 183 days at 9:56 a.m. on April 16th, and the return took only 9 hours. —What ________! I’m proud of our country. A．exciting news B．an exciting news C．exciting information D．an excited message 11．_________ the kids wearing scarves and gloves had _________ snowmen on the playground! A．What a fun; making B．What fun; to make C．How fun; to make D．What fun; making 12．What ________ exciting ________ it is! A．/; experiences B．a; experience C．an; experiences D．an; experience 13．—_________! Thanks a lot. —_________. A．What a good advice; With pleasure B．How good advices; My pleasure C．What good advice; It’s a pleasure D．How a good advice; You’re welcome 14．________ encouraging voice Sally’s mother used to fill her with confidence! A．What B．What a C．What an D．How 15．—________ Nancy is in the exams! —I can’t agree more. She often gets high points. A．How carelessly B．How carefully C．What a careless girl D．What a careful girl 16．—These boys don’t have ________ pity on those homeless cats and dogs. —What ________ pity it is! They should be taught to care for animals. A．a;/ B．/;/ C．/; a D．a; a 17．—There ______ a folk art exhibition in our hometown next month. —______ exciting news it is! A．is going to be; What B．will be; What an C．is going to have; What D．will have; What an 18．—________high speed the Chinese player is skating at in the game of Short Track Speed Skating! —Yes. It is ________ to see their wonderful performance in the 9th Asian Winter Games in Harbin. A．How; amazed B．How; amazing C．What; amazed D．What; amazing 19．________ culture shock it is to see the locals dressed in leaves in some places in Africa! A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 20．________ great fun we have ________ with each other at lunchtime! A．What; chatting B．How; to chat C．What; to chat D．How; chatting Samuel Skotnikov, Changyoung Kim, and Eeshaan Prashanth are three high school students from Texas, America. Their good friend Aiden lost one of his legs in an accident and had to use 1 artificial leg. However, it was uncomfortable and difficult 2 . They noticed Aiden was having a hard time moving around with his artificial leg, 3 they decided to make him a better one. They 4 work right away. It took 5 several months to finish their design, NeuroFlex. What makes it special is that it is controlled by (由……控制) the user’s brain, instead 6 his body. The brain signals tell NeuroFlex how the user wants to move and then NeuroFlex’s motors (发动机) support the movement. And the best part is that, compared to other artificial legs on the market, NeuroFlex costs 7 . It only costs about $1,000 to make it, while other artificial legs are at a cost of about$100,000. Skotnikov, Kim and Prashanth attended an international science fair with their 8 , and they won third prize in the Gordon E. Moore Award. “I can’t find the words,” Skotnikov said after winning the award, “At first, we just wanted to help fix our 9 problem. Later we found that we could help more people with NeuroFlex. 10 helping leg! 1．A．a B．an C．/ 2．A．use B．using C．to use 3．A．so B．although C．because 4．A．begin B．began C．will begin 5．A．they B．their C．them 6．A．of B．for C．to 7．A．little B．less C．least 8．A．invent B．inventor C．invention 9．A．friend B．friends C．friend’s 10．A．What a B．What C．How 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的适当形式填空。 There is a small thing we use every day. We usually put it in the bathroom. Without it, we might have tooth problems. Can you guess 1 it is? Yes, it’s the toothbrush. But do you know anything about its history? According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people brushed their teeth 2 some small tree branches. About 800 years ago, people made 3 kind of brush with pig hair and bamboo. It might be the world’s 4 (early) form of toothbrushes. As time went by, the forms of toothbrushes changed. For example, people chose horse-tail hair instead of pig hair 5 pig hair was too hard. Imagine that you travel back 6 (hundred) of years ago and brush your teeth 7 (comfortable). It sounds fantastic, doesn’t it? Around the 15th century, the Chinese toothbrush found its way into Europe. It 8 (become) popular among local people soon. The 9 (invent) of toothbrushes was not as famous as that of paper-making, but it was very useful in daily life. Today we have a good habit of 10 (brush) our teeth. We should thank the ancient Chinese for it. ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit2 Great inventions and discoveries 课时3 Grammar：感叹句 分层作业 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 ( 结构类型 基本句型 结构说明 What 引导 1. What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语！ 形容词修饰单数可数名词，名词前需加不定冠词 a/an（元音音素开头用 an，辅音音素开头用 a） 2. What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + 主语 + 谓语！ 形容词修饰复数可数名词，名词前不加冠词 3. What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！ 形容词修饰不可数名词，名词前无冠词 How 引导 1. How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语！ 直接修饰形容词，主语和谓语可省略（常见于口语） 2. How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！ 直接修饰副词，强调动作的状态 3. How + 主语 + 谓语！ 强调句子的整体情况，语气较强烈 What 与 How 句型转换 同一个感叹句，可根据强调的重点转换句型 转换核心： What 强调名词，How 强调形容词 / 副词 ) 1．________ extreme weather conditions many countries have experienced in recent years! A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 【答案】B 【详解】句意：近年来许多国家都经历了多么极端的天气状况啊！ 考查感叹句。根据“... extreme weather conditions many countries have experienced in recent years!”可知，此句为感叹句，感叹句有两种结构，what修饰名词或名词短语，结构为“What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！”；how修饰形容词或副词，结构为“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！”。本句中“extreme weather conditions”是名词短语，且“conditions”是复数形式，所以应该用what来引导感叹句，不需要冠词。故选B。 2．— ________ fine weather it is! — Yes, it is. Let’s go boating on the lake! A．How B．How a C．What D．What a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——多好的天气啊！——是的，确实是。让我们去湖上划船吧！ 考查感叹句。weather是不可数名词，感叹句结构为“What+形容词+不可数名词+主谓”。故选C。 3．__________ fast digital technology is developing! A．What B．How C．What a D．How a 【答案】B 【详解】句意：数字技术发展得多快啊！ 考查感叹句用法。what和how都可以引导感叹句，how用于修饰形容词或副词；what用于修饰名词。本句中，“fast”为副词，因此需用how引导感叹句。故选B。 4．__________ beautiful the sunrise is! It takes my breath away. A．What B．How C．What a D．How a 【答案】B 【详解】句意：日出多美啊！它美得让我惊叹不已。 考查感叹句的引导词辨析。 感叹句有两种基本结构：What引导的感叹句：修饰名词，结构为“What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！” ；How引导的感叹句：修饰形容词/副词，结构为“How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语！”  本句中“beautiful”是形容词，符合“How”的用法。故选B。   5．—________ bad news it is! A．How B．What a C．How a D．What 【答案】D 【详解】句意：多糟糕的消息啊！ 考查感叹句的用法。 How多么，副词，用于修饰形容词或副词；What a（短语），用于可数名词单数；How a（短语），结构错误，英语中无此用法。  What多么，感叹词，用于名词（不可数或复数名词）根据news“消息”是不可数名词，因此必须使用What引导感叹句，且不加冠词a。选项A虽可修饰形容词bad，但句子结构不符（原句以名词为中心），故选D。 6．—It rained yesterday, so we couldn’t climb the mountains. —________ terrible day it was! A．What B．How a C．What a D．How 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——昨天下雨了，所以我们没能爬山。——多么糟糕的一天啊！ 考查感叹句的用法。 根据“…terrible day it was”可知，感叹句中心词是可数名词day，结构为“What a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语”，terrible以辅音音素开头，用a。故选C。 7．________ useful advice the teacher gave us! A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师给了我们多么有用的建议啊！ 考查感叹句。句中advice是感叹句的中心词，为不可数名词，不能被a/an修饰，故此处感叹句用what引导，结构为“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！”。故选A。 8．—His brother won the first prize in Culinary Competition (烹饪大赛). —________ a wonderful boy! A．What B．Who C．Which D．How 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——他的兄弟在烹饪大赛中赢得了一等奖。——一个多么棒的男孩啊！ 考查感叹句。 What什么；Who谁；Which哪一个；How如何。句中“a wonderful boy”是“形容词+可数名词单数”的结构，需用What引导，符合“What+a+形容词+可数名词单数”的感叹句结构。故选A。 9．—________ interesting book Journey to the West is! —That’s true. I really like it, too. A．How B．What C．What an D．What a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——《西游记》是一本多么有趣的书啊！——确实。我也真的很喜欢它。 考查感叹句的用法。how引导感叹句时，中心词是形容词或副词；what引导感叹句时，中心词是名词。本题中book是单数可数名词，所以用what a/an，interesting以元音音素开头，所以用an。故选C。 10．________ great fun we had at the charity sale! Our money can help the people in need! A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们在慈善义卖中玩得多开心啊！我们的钱可以帮助有需要的人！ 考查感叹句。中心词fun是不可数名词，应该用What引导感叹句，结构为：What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！故选B。 11．_______ wonderful the garden looks with all these flowers! A．How B．What C．What an D．How a 【答案】A 【详解】句意：有所有这些花，花园看起来多么美妙啊！ 考查感叹句的用法。本句中心词是“wonderful”，是形容词，需用How引导感叹句。符合结构“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语”，故选A。 12．—Listen! ________ it is raining outside! —Yes. It is raining cats and dogs. A．How heavily B．How heavy C．What heavy D．What heavily 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——听！外面雨下得很大！——是的，雨下得很大。 考查感叹句的用法。感叹句中，how修饰形容词或副词，what修饰名词。此处修饰动词raining，需用副词heavily表示雨势大，且用how引导感叹句。故选A。 13．—What ________ bad weather it was! The farmers faced huge losses. —Yes. Many people took pity on them and started to raise money to solve ________ awful problem. A．a; an B．/; an C．a; / D．/; the 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——天气多么糟糕啊！农民们面临巨大损失。——是的。许多人同情他们并开始筹款来解决这个可怕的问题。 考查冠词用法。第一空，weather“天气”为不可数名词，在感叹句“What + 形容词 + 不可数名词”结构中，不使用任何冠词；第二空，problem“问题”，指代的是前面提到的“农民们面临巨大损失”这个问题，故用the表示特指。故选D。 14．—________ excellent water park! —Yes, let’s explore the great rides here. A．How B．What C．What an D．How an 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——多么棒的一个水上公园啊！——是的，让我们探索这里很棒的游乐设施吧。 考查感叹句的结构。句子是感叹句，中心词是可数名词单数，“excellent”以元音音素开头，用感叹句结构：What an adj. n.+（主谓）。故选C。 15．—________! Thank you so much for cooking for us. —I’m glad you like it. A．How nice meal B．What a nice meal C．How a nice meal D．What nice meal 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——多么好的一顿饭啊！非常感谢你为我们做饭。——我很高兴你喜欢它。 考查感叹句的用法。感叹句中，what用于修饰名词（尤其单数可数名词需加冠词a/an），how用于修饰形容词或副词。本句感叹对象为“meal”（可数名词单数），需用“what a +形容词+名词”结构。选项A（How nice meal）和C（How a nice meal）误用how，how后应直接接形容词（如how nice），不能接名词短语；选项D（What nice meal）缺少冠词a，不符合单数可数名词规则。B项结构正确。故选B。 16．—What ________ bad weather it is! —Yes, but I love ________ air after it rains. It smells so fresh. A．a; the B．/; the C．the; an D．an;/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——天气多糟糕啊！——是的，但我喜欢下雨后的空气。闻起来很清新。 考查冠词用法。不定冠词a/an表泛指，a用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前，an用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前；定冠词the表特指。“weather”是不可数名词，前不用冠词； 空格2特指“下雨后的空气”，用定冠词the。故选B。 17．—You can buy the ticket through Xiecheng App more cheaply. —Thanks! ________ useful information! A．What B．What a C．What an D．How 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你可以通过携程App更便宜地买到票。——谢谢！多么有用的信息啊！ 考查感叹句的用法。What引导的感叹句，后接形容词和不可数名词；What a引导的感叹句，后接可数名词单数；What an引导的感叹句，后接可数名词单数元音开头；How引导的感叹句，后接形容词/副词。information是不可数名词，感叹句中需用what引导，结构为“What + 形容词 + 不可数名词”。故选A。 18．—How ________ Li Ming writes! —Yes, he is the ________ in our class. A．carefully, most careful B．careful, most careful C．carefully, most carefully D．careful, most carefully 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——李明写得多认真啊！——是的，他是我们班最认真的。 考查感叹句及形容词最高级。第一句为感叹句，中心词是动词writes，应用副词carefully修饰，构成“How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！”结构；第二句为“the + 形容词最高级 + 名词”结构，表示“最……的（人）”，作表语说明主语he的特征，应用形容词careful的最高级most careful。故选A。 19．—________ wonderful experience our family had in Disneyland. —I’m glad you had a good time. A．What B．How C．How a D．What a 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我们一家在迪士尼乐园度过了一个多么奇妙的经历啊。——我很高兴你们玩得开心。 考查感叹句结构。根据“...wonderful experience our family had in Disneyland”可知，此句应为what引导的感叹句，结构为：what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语，experience在此处表示“经历”，是可数名词，wonderful是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a修饰。故选D 。 20．________ honest boy Peter is! We can always trust what he says. A．What B．How C．What a D．What an 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Peter是一个多么诚实的男孩啊！我们总是可以相信他说的话。 考查感叹句用法。分析句子结构以及选项可知，“…honest boy Peter is!”为感叹句，且单数名词“boy”为中心词；在感叹句中，当中心词为可数名词单数时，需用“What a/an+形容词+名词+主语+谓语”结构；形容词“honest”发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词“an”。故选D。 1．—________ great time we had practicing ________ piano! —Yes. It’s enjoyable. A．What a; playing the​ B．How; to playing C．What; playing​ D．How; playing the 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们练习弹钢琴是多么的开心！——对。这很愉快。 考查感叹句、非谓语动词以及定冠词。have a great time“玩得高兴”，固定搭配，time前面使用不定冠词a，a great time名词词组需要用what来引导感叹句；practise doing sth.“练习做某事”，固定搭配；play the piano“弹钢琴”，固定搭配。故选A。 2．________ big success the film ________ her novel was! A．What a; based upon B．What; was based upon C．What a; was based upon D．How; based upon 【答案】A 【详解】句意：根据她的小说改编的电影是多么大的成功啊！ 考查感叹句。根据“big success”可知，success在此是可数名词，指“一件成功的事情”，因此应用What引导的感叹句，结构是What+a/an+形容词+名词+主谓；big以辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a；再根据“ the film ... her novel ”可知，电影是根据她的小说改编的，过去分词短语，作后置定语，修饰名词the film。故选A。 3．—_______ heavy the snow that is falling in Changzhou is! How can we go to work today? —_______ it is snowing heavily, let’s walk instead of driving. A．What; Because B．What a; Since C．How; Since D．How; Though 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——常州下的雪可真大啊！今天我们怎么去上班？——既然雪下得很大，我们走路就不开车了。 考查感叹句和连词。What引导感叹句，后加名词短语；How引导感叹句，后加形容词或副词；because因为；since既然；though尽管。heavy是形容词，故用how引导感叹句；根据“it is snowing heavily, let’s walk instead of driving.”可知，既然下大雪，那就不开车了，用since表示显而易见的原因。故选C。 4．—________ excellent advice it is! I’m sure to have a wonderful summer vacation. —I’m so glad that you like it. A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这是极好的建议！我肯定会有一个美妙的暑假。——我很高兴你喜欢它。 考查感叹句。advice是不可数名词，此处用“What+形容词+不可数名词+主谓”结构。故选B。 5．―It’s raining again. We haven’t seen the sun for weeks. ―_________  weather it is! A．What good B．How good C．What bad D．How bad 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——又下雨了。我们好几个星期没见到太阳了。——多么糟糕的天气！ 考查感叹句和形容词辨析。what开头的感叹句中what后接名词或名词性短语，how开头的感叹句中how后接形容词或副词。本句weather“天气”是名词，感叹句不可用how开头，可排除BD两项；结合上文“It’s raining again. We haven’t seen the sun for weeks”，可知不是好天气，故选C。 6．—The advantages of Chongqi Bridge have already been seen. —________ good news to us! A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——崇启大桥的优势已经显现。   ——多好的消息啊！   考查感叹句。本句的中心词news是不可数名词，因此用what引导感叹句；而news又是不可数名词，因此不需用冠词。故选A。 7．__________ the boy is running! He must be the first place. A．What fast B．How quick C．How fast D．How slowly 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个男孩跑得多快呀！他一定是第一名。 考查感叹句和副词的用法。fast 快，副词；quick 快的，形容词；slowly 慢地，副词。根据“He must be the first place.”可知，男孩跑得快，排除D；第一句修饰动词“run”要用副词，排除B；感叹句中，what后跟名词或名词短语，how后跟形容词或副词，排除A，故选C。 8．________ great fun it is ________ diaries in English on the Internet! A．How, keep on keep B．What, to keep on keeping C．How, keeping on keep D．What, keeping on keeping 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在网上用英语写日记是多么有趣啊！ 考查感叹句以及非谓语动词。中心词fun是不可数名词，用what引导的感叹句结构：what+形容词+不可数名词+主谓，排除A和C选项。固定句式：It is fun to do sth“做某事有乐趣”，动词不定式作主语，故选B。 9．________ important advice we got today! A．What a B．How C．What an D．What 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们今天得到了多么重要的建议！ 考查感叹句。根据“…important advice we got today!”可知，此句为感叹句，advice“建议”，不可数名词，其结构为“What+形容词+不可数名词+主谓+其他”。故选D。 10．—Shenzhou XII spacecraft returned safely after living on the space station for 183 days at 9:56 a.m. on April 16th, and the return took only 9 hours. —What ________! I’m proud of our country. A．exciting news B．an exciting news C．exciting information D．an excited message 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——4月16日上午9点56分，神舟十二号飞船在空间站生活了183天后安全返回，仅用了9个小时。——多么令人激动的消息啊！我为我们的国家感到骄傲。 考查感叹句和名词辨析。exciting news“令人兴奋的消息”，news指报纸、电视、广播等传播的“新闻”；an exciting news是错误表达，news为不可数名词，前不用冠词；exciting information“令人兴奋的信息”，information指资料、情报、知识等“信息”；an excited message“一个令人兴奋的消息”，message书写或电话等通讯手段留下的“信息”。根据“Shenzhou XII spacecraft returned safely…”可知，“神舟十二号飞船的安全返回”是通过电视、报纸等媒体报道的新闻，应用news。故选A。 11．_________ the kids wearing scarves and gloves had _________ snowmen on the playground! A．What a fun; making B．What fun; to make C．How fun; to make D．What fun; making 【答案】D 【详解】句意：戴着围巾和手套的孩子们在操场上堆雪人玩得多开心呀！ 考查感叹句和动词短语。根据语境判断，本题考查感叹句。在感叹句中，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词或副词。语境中fun“乐趣”是不可数名词，主语是the kids，谓语动词是had，所以本句结构为：What + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!又根据“fun乐趣”可知，本题考查短语have fun doing sth“做某事开心”，所以make用making。故选D。 12．What ________ exciting ________ it is! A．/; experiences B．a; experience C．an; experiences D．an; experience 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这是一次多么令人兴奋的经历啊！ 考查冠词和名词单复数。experience经历，名词；a不定冠词，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，用于元音音素开头的单词前。根据“it is”可知，experience应填单数；exciting是元音音素开头，前面应填an。故选D。 13．—_________! Thanks a lot. —_________. A．What a good advice; With pleasure B．How good advices; My pleasure C．What good advice; It’s a pleasure D．How a good advice; You’re welcome 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——好建议！非常感谢。 ——很荣幸。 考查感叹句及情景交际。With pleasure非常愿意；My pleasure我的荣幸；It’s a pleasure不用客气；You’re welcome不客气。第一空，advice是不可数名词，应用what引导感叹句，其结构为What +形容词+不可数名词+主谓；第二空，根据上文“Thans a lot.”可知，此处应是对感谢的回答，应用“It’s a pleasure”或“You’re welcome”。故选C。 14．________ encouraging voice Sally’s mother used to fill her with confidence! A．What B．What a C．What an D．How 【答案】C 【详解】句意：莎莉的母亲用多么鼓舞人心的声音使她充满信心啊！ 考查感叹句。此句是感叹句，中心词是voice，名词，此处指“嗓音；说话声”，是可数名词，用What引导，encouraging以元音音素开头，用an修饰。故选C。 15．—________ Nancy is in the exams! —I can’t agree more. She often gets high points. A．How carelessly B．How carefully C．What a careless girl D．What a careful girl 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——南希在考试中是一个多么仔细的女孩啊！——我完全同意。她经常得高分。 考查感叹句以及形容词和副词辨析。carelessly粗心地（副词）；carefully仔细地（副词）；careless粗心的（形容词）；careful仔细的（形容词）。根据“She often gets high points.”可知，此感叹句在夸奖南希，所以排除选项A和C；how在感叹句中，用于修饰形容词或副词，结合“...Nancy is in the exams!”可知，空格处应用形容词修饰南希，所以排除选项B。因此空格处应选What a careful girl，构成的感叹句的结构是：What+a+形容词+可数名词单数形式+主语+谓语！故选D。 16．—These boys don’t have ________ pity on those homeless cats and dogs. —What ________ pity it is! They should be taught to care for animals. A．a;/ B．/;/ C．/; a D．a; a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这些男孩一点也不同情那些无家可归的猫和狗。——真遗憾！应该教他们爱护动物。 考查冠词的用法。第一空固定搭配“have pity on”表示“对……表示怜悯”，不需要冠词，所以填“/”；第二空填冠词，表感叹句的习惯用法“What a pity”，因此填“a”。故选C。 17．—There ______ a folk art exhibition in our hometown next month. —______ exciting news it is! A．is going to be; What B．will be; What an C．is going to have; What D．will have; What an 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——下个月我们家乡将有一个民间艺术展。——多么令人兴奋的消息啊！ 考查there be句型和感叹句。根据“There...a folk art exhibition in our hometown next month.”可知，本句运用了there be句型，其将来时结构为There will be/There is going to be，排除选项C、D；再根据“news it is”可知，这是what引导的感叹句，“news”为不可数名词，符合“What+形容词+不可数名词+主谓”结构。故选A。 18．—________high speed the Chinese player is skating at in the game of Short Track Speed Skating! —Yes. It is ________ to see their wonderful performance in the 9th Asian Winter Games in Harbin. A．How; amazed B．How; amazing C．What; amazed D．What; amazing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——在短道速滑比赛中，中国选手滑速好快啊！——是啊，在哈尔滨举办的第九届亚洲冬季运动会上看到他们精彩的表现，真令人惊叹。 考查感叹句及形容词辨析。How如何；What什么；amazed感到惊叹的；amazing令人惊叹的。high speed是“形容词+名词”结构，核心是名词短语，需用What引导感叹句，符合“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！”结构；amazed描述人的感受；amazing描述事物给人的感受，根据“see their wonderful performance”可知，此处描述精彩表演给人的感受，即描述事物。故选D。 19．________ culture shock it is to see the locals dressed in leaves in some places in Africa! A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在非洲的一些地方看到当地人穿着树叶，真是令人震撼的文化冲击！ 考查感叹句。what和how都能引导感叹句，what用于修饰名词，how用于修饰形容词或副词。空处用于修饰不可数名词短语culture shock，其前不能加不定冠词a/an，所以应用What引导此感叹句。故选B。 20．________ great fun we have ________ with each other at lunchtime! A．What; chatting B．How; to chat C．What; to chat D．How; chatting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们在午餐时间互相聊天真有趣！ 考查感叹句和非谓语。根据“great fun”可知，中心词是不可数名词fun，所以第一空用what引导感叹句，排除B项和D项；have fun doing sth“做某事很有趣”，为固定搭配，所以第二空应用动名词形式，排除C项。故选A。 Samuel Skotnikov, Changyoung Kim, and Eeshaan Prashanth are three high school students from Texas, America. Their good friend Aiden lost one of his legs in an accident and had to use 1 artificial leg. However, it was uncomfortable and difficult 2 . They noticed Aiden was having a hard time moving around with his artificial leg, 3 they decided to make him a better one. They 4 work right away. It took 5 several months to finish their design, NeuroFlex. What makes it special is that it is controlled by (由……控制) the user’s brain, instead 6 his body. The brain signals tell NeuroFlex how the user wants to move and then NeuroFlex’s motors (发动机) support the movement. And the best part is that, compared to other artificial legs on the market, NeuroFlex costs 7 . It only costs about $1,000 to make it, while other artificial legs are at a cost of about$100,000. Skotnikov, Kim and Prashanth attended an international science fair with their 8 , and they won third prize in the Gordon E. Moore Award. “I can’t find the words,” Skotnikov said after winning the award, “At first, we just wanted to help fix our 9 problem. Later we found that we could help more people with NeuroFlex. 10 helping leg! 1．A．a B．an C．/ 2．A．use B．using C．to use 3．A．so B．although C．because 4．A．begin B．began C．will begin 5．A．they B．their C．them 6．A．of B．for C．to 7．A．little B．less C．least 8．A．invent B．inventor C．invention 9．A．friend B．friends C．friend’s 10．A．What a B．What C．How 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文是记叙文。主要讲述了美国得克萨斯州有三名高中生——塞缪尔·斯科特尼科夫、张英金和伊尚·普拉尚特。他们的朋友艾登因事故失去一条腿，只能用假肢，可这假肢既不舒服又不好用。于是，三人决定为他做一个更好的假肢，展现了他们的友谊与创新精神。 1．句意：他们的好朋友艾登在一场事故中失去了一条腿，不得不使用一条假肢。 a用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an用于元音音素开头的单词前；/表示不填。“artificial”是以元音音素开头的单词，此处表示“一条假肢”，为泛指，需用不定冠词an修饰。故选B。 2．句意：然而，它既不舒服，也很难使用。 use使用，动词原形；using动名词/现在分词；to use动词不定式。“be + 形容词 + to do sth”是固定句型，意为“做某事是……的”，此处需用动词不定式。故选C。 3．句意：他们注意到艾登戴着假肢走动很困难，所以他们决定为他做一个更好的。 so因此；although尽管；because因为。前半句“艾登走动困难”是后半句“决定做更好假肢”的原因，后半句是前半句的结果，需用so连接。故选A。   4．句意：他们立刻开始工作。 begin开始，动词原形；began过去式；will begin一般将来时。文章整体叙述的是过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，此处谓语动词需用过去式。故选B。   5．句意：他们花了几个月的时间完成了他们的设计——“NeuroFlex”。 they他（她它）们，主格；their他（她它）们的，形容词性物主代词；them他（她它）们，宾格。“It takes sb + 时间 + to do sth”是固定句型，意为“某人花时间做某事”，此处“sb”作动词takes的宾语，需用宾格them。故选C。 6．句意：它（NeuroFlex）的特别之处在于，它是由使用者的大脑控制的，而不是由身体控制。 of……的；for为了；to到、向。“instead of”是固定短语，意为“代替、而不是”，后接名词、代词或动名词。故选A。 7．句意：而且最棒的是，与市场上的其他假肢相比，“NeuroFlex”的成本更低。 little少的，原级；less更少的，比较级；least最少的，最高级。根据“compared to other artificial legs”可知，此处是将“NeuroFlex”与其他假肢的成本进行比较，需用比较级。故选B。 8．句意：斯科特尼科夫、金和普拉尚特带着他们的发明参加了一场国际科学博览会，并获得了戈登·E·摩尔奖三等奖。 invent动词，发明；inventor名词，发明家；invention名词，发明物。此处形容词性物主代词“their”后需接名词，结合语境，指的是“NeuroFlex”这个发明物。故选C。 9．句意：起初，我们只是想帮忙解决我们朋友的问题。 friend名词单数，朋友；friends名词复数，朋友们；friend’s名词所有格，朋友的。此处修饰名词“problem”，需用名词所有格表示所属关系，指“艾登这个朋友的问题”。故选C。 10．句意：多么有帮助的假肢啊！ What a后接可数名词单数；What后接可数名词复数或不可数名词；How后接形容词或副词。此处修饰可数名词单数“leg”，且“helping”是以辅音音素开头的单词，需用“What a”引导感叹句，结构为“What a + 形容词 + 可数名词单数！”。故选A。 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的适当形式填空。 There is a small thing we use every day. We usually put it in the bathroom. Without it, we might have tooth problems. Can you guess 1 it is? Yes, it’s the toothbrush. But do you know anything about its history? According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people brushed their teeth 2 some small tree branches. About 800 years ago, people made 3 kind of brush with pig hair and bamboo. It might be the world’s 4 (early) form of toothbrushes. As time went by, the forms of toothbrushes changed. For example, people chose horse-tail hair instead of pig hair 5 pig hair was too hard. Imagine that you travel back 6 (hundred) of years ago and brush your teeth 7 (comfortable). It sounds fantastic, doesn’t it? Around the 15th century, the Chinese toothbrush found its way into Europe. It 8 (become) popular among local people soon. The 9 (invent) of toothbrushes was not as famous as that of paper-making, but it was very useful in daily life. Today we have a good habit of 10 (brush) our teeth. We should thank the ancient Chinese for it. 【答案】 1．what 2．with 3．a 4．earliest 5．because 6．hundreds 7．comfortably 8．became 9．invention 10．brushing 【导语】本文主要介绍了牙刷的历史发展，包括其起源、演变过程以及在欧洲的传播情况。 1．句意：你能猜到它是什么吗？分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作表语，故用what引导，意为“什么”，符合句意。故填what。 2．句意：根据一些研究，在牙刷出现之前，古代中国人用一些小树枝刷牙。根据空前“brushed their teeth”的动作以及空后“some small tree branches”可知，此处指古人用小树枝这种工具刷牙，空处缺少介词，with意为“用……”，表示使用某种工具，符合题意。故填with。 3．句意：大约800年前，人们用猪毛和竹子制作了一种刷子。根据“kind of brush”可知，“kind”为可数名词单数，需要用不定冠词a修饰，泛指“一种刷子”，a kind of为固定搭配，意为“一种……”。故填a。 4．句意：它可能是世界上最早的牙刷形式。根据“the world’s”可知，此处指三者及以上的比较，应用形容词early的最高级，early的最高级为earliest，意为“最早的”。故填earliest。 5．句意：例如，人们选择马尾毛而不是猪毛，因为猪毛太硬了。根据“For example, people chose horse-tail hair instead of pig hair…pig hair was too hard.”可知，猪毛太硬是人们选择马尾毛而不是猪毛的原因，所以应用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。 6．句意：想象一下你回到几百年前，舒适地刷牙。hundred有两种用法：具体数字+hundred（原形）表示“几百”；hundreds of表泛指，意为“数百的，成百上千的”，hundreds前无具体数字。根据空后“of”可知，此处指“数百年前”。故填hundreds。 7．句意：想象一下你回到几百年前，舒适地刷牙。空处修饰动词“brush”，应用形容词comfortable的副词形式comfortably，意为“舒适地”。故填comfortably。 8．句意：它很快在当地人中变得流行起来。分析句子结构可知，空处为本句的谓语，根据时间状语“Around the 15th century”可知，谓语动词应用动词的过去式，become的过去式为became，意为“变得”。故填became。 9．句意：牙刷的发明不如造纸术的发明有名，但它在日常生活中非常有用。空处位于“The”之后，“of toothbrushes”之前，需要一个名词，指牙刷这项发明，动词invent的名词形式为invention，意为“发明”，根据空后“was”可知，应用名词单数。故填invention。 10．句意：如今我们有刷牙的好习惯。根据空前“a good habit of”以及所给词可知，介词“of”后应接动名词，所以应用动词brush的动名词形式brushing。故填brushing。 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $