Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 单元测试卷【B卷 ★ 对接新教材】 -八年级英语下册单元整体优化精准练（新教材沪教版五四制）

Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 单元测试卷 【B卷 ◆ 对接新教材】 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） （第二部分 语法和词汇） Ⅱ. Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案，每题只有一个正确答案）（本大题共10题， 每题1分，共10分） Making the Night Bright Before the late 19th century, when the sun went down, the world became dark. People relied on candles and gas lamps 1 . However, Thomas Edison, one of the greatest inventors in history, was determined to change this. He wanted to create an electric light that was safe and cheap enough for everyone. Edison did not invent the first light bulb, but he made the first practical one. 2 part was finding the right material for the filament (灯丝). He and his team tried thousands of different materials, from cotton to bamboo. They failed again and again. Yet, Edison didn’t give up. He said, “I haven’t failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways 3 won’t work.” Finally, in 1879, he succeeded. A bulb using a carbon filament burned for 13.5 hours. It was a huge success. Soon, his invention 4 to the public. The news spread quickly in newspapers around the world. People were 5 that a small glass ball could turn night into day. Edison’s success teaches us a lesson about persistence (坚持). Giving up was never an option for him. He believed that genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration (汗水). Today, 6 we turn on a light, we should thank the man who lit up the world. 7 we have LED lights now, the principle remains the same. The light bulb is 8 important an invention that we cannot imagine life without it. It allows us to work and 9 long after sunset. It is truly 10 symbol of human intelligence. 1．A．seen B．seeing C．to see 2．A．The hardest B．Harder C．Hard 3．A．when B．where C．that 4．A．introduced B．was introduced C．introduces 5．A．to amaze B．amazing C．amazed 6．A．whenever B．whatever C．however 7．A．Although B．Because C．If 8．A．such B．too C．so 9．A．played B．playing C．play 10．A．/ B．a C．an 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文讲述了爱迪生通过坚持不懈的努力发明了实用电灯泡，改变了人类夜间生活，并强调了坚持和智慧的重要性。 1．句意：人们依靠蜡烛和煤油灯来视物。 seen看见，过去分词；seeing看见，动名词或现在分词；to see看见，动词不定式。根据“relied on candles and gas lamps”可知，用蜡烛和煤油灯是为了看东西，此处用动词不定式表目的。故选C。 2．句意：最难的部分是找到合适的灯丝材料。 The hardest最难的；Harder更难的；Hard难的。根据“finding the right material for the filament (灯丝)”可知，找到合适的灯丝材料是其中最难的部分，用形容词的最高级。故选A。 3．句意：我只是找到了1万种行不通的方法。 when什么时候；where哪里；that那个。根据“ways…won’t work”可知，ways后接定语从句，用关系代词that指代先行词ways，并在从句中作主语。故选C。 4．句意：很快，他的发明被推广给民众。 introduced介绍，过去式或过去分词；was introduced被介绍，一般过去时的被动语态；introduces介绍，动词的三单形式。主语his invention与动词introduce存在被动关系，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 5．句意：人们惊讶于一个玻璃球能将夜晚变为白昼。 to amaze使惊讶，动词不定式；amazing令人诧异的；amazed感到讶异的。根据“People were”可知，此处指人们的感受，用形容词amazed作表语。故选C。 6．句意：今天，我们每次开灯的时候，都应该感谢那位点亮世界的人。 whenever无论何时；whatever无论什么；however如何怎样。根据“we turn on a light”可知，此处强调开灯的时候，用whenever引导时间状语从句。故选A。 7．句意：尽管我们现在有LED灯，但原理是相同的。 Although尽管；Because因为；If如果。根据“we have LED lights now, the principle remains the same”可知，此处表示转折关系，用although引导让步状语从句。故选A。 8．句意：灯泡是如此重要的发明，我们无法想象没有它的生活。 such如此，后接名词；too也；so如此，后接形容词或副词。根据“is…important an invention that”可知，此处应用so+形容词+that引导结果状语从句。故选C。 9．句意：它让我们能在日落后长时间工作和玩乐。 played玩乐，过去式或过去分词；playing玩乐，动名词或现在分词；play玩乐，动词原形。根据“to work and”可知，and连接两个动词原形。故选C。 10．句意：它确实是人类智慧的象征。 /不填；a一，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一，用于元音音素开头的单词前。a symbol of“……的象征”。故选B。 Ⅲ. Choose the proper words or phrases in the box to complete the following passage. Each word or phrase can be used only once .（本大题共8小题，每题1分，共8分） 选择最恰当的选项填入空格，每题只有一个正确选 项，每个选项只能使用一次。 A．made of   B．inventions  C． successfully  D．picture  E. ideas Benjamin Franklin invented many things that made people’s lives easier. One of his earlier 11 was paddles for swimmers. Ben had wondered if there were tools that could help people swim faster. He thought hard and a 12 of swimming paddles grew in his mind. Then he began to work on paddles without wasting time. A few days later, a pair of paddles 13 wood were done. He tried them out in the water, and they worked. He had 14 created a new tool to improve swimming. Today, they are usually made of plastic or silicone and come in different shapes and sizes. 【答案】11．B 12．D 13．A 14．C 【导语】本文介绍了本杰明·富兰克林的一项早期发明——游泳桨。 11．句意：他的早期发明之一是游泳桨。根据“Benjamin Franklin invented many things that made people’s lives easier.”可知，此处是说他的一个发明，备选词inventions“发明”符合语境，one of后接名词复数。故选B。 12．句意：他苦苦思索，脑海中浮现出游泳桨的画面。根据“a...of swimming paddles grew in his mind”可知，此处是说脑海中浮现出游泳桨的图片，备选词picture“图片；脑海中的情景”符合语境，a后加可数名词单数。故选D。 13．句意：几天后，一副木制游泳桨完成了。根据“a pair of paddles...wood”可知，此处是说木制游泳桨，备选词made of“由……制成”符合语境。故选A。 14．句意：他成功地创造了一种改进游泳的新工具。根据“He tried them out in the water, and they worked.”可知，此处是说成功地创造了一种新工具，备选词successfully“成功地”符合语境，修饰动词created。故选C。 A．warm      B．solve     C． gap     D．agreed with     E. talk about Although AI can bring people comfort, it still cannot match the full abilities of a human doctor. From friendships to problems at work, more Chinese people are using AI tools like DeepSeek to 15 their problems. They share their thoughts and feelings with AI and receive 16 advice. AI is changing the way people find mental (心理的) health support. But can AI truly take the place of a human doctor? Around the world, 45 percent of people who needed mental health care in 2024 did not get it because it is too expensive and there weren’t enough doctors, according to Daniel Lowd, a professor at the University of Oregon. He believes AI could fill this 17 . “If people can find some support and opinions by talking to a chatbot, then I think that’s wonderful,” said Lowd. Li Yong, a doctor at the Jiangsu Province Hospital, 18 Lowd, saying that AI meets people’s needs for mental support in some ways. 【答案】15．B 16．A 17．C 18．D 【导语】本文主要讨论了尽管人工智能能给人们带来安慰，但仍无法完全替代人类医生的能力。随着AI工具在中国的普及，越来越多的人开始使用它们来处理心理问题，但关于AI是否能真正取代人类医生的问题仍存在争议。 15．句意：从友谊到工作问题，越来越多的中国人开始使用像DeepSeek这样的AI工具来解决他们的问题。根据“their problems”及所给单词可知，此处是指解决问题，用solve“解决”符合语境，且to后跟动词原形构成不定式作目的状语。故选B。 16．句意：他们与AI分享自己的想法和感受，并收到温暖的建议。根据“advice”可知，此处需要一个形容词修饰名词，表示建议的性质，warm“温暖的”符合语境，表示收到的建议是温暖的、贴心的。故选A。 17．句意：他认为人工智能可以填补这一空白。根据“He believes AI could fill this”可知，此处是指填补某种空白或不足，gap“空白，差距”符合语境，表示AI可以填补心理健康服务方面的空白。故选C。 18．句意：江苏省医院的医生李勇同意Lowd的观点，他说人工智能在某些方面满足了人们对心理支持的需求。根据“saying that AI meets people’s needs for mental support in some ways”可知，李勇医生同意Lowd的观点，agreed with“同意”符合语境，表示李勇医生对Lowd观点的认同。 故选D。 Ⅳ. Complete the following dialogue as required.（本大题共5小题，每题2分，共10分） 根据所给要求完成对话 A: Good morning, Linda! What are you doing? B: I’m reading a magazine about useful inventions. A: 19 ?（特殊疑问句提问） B: I think the most useful invention is the light bulb. It makes our daily life more convenient. Without the light bulb, our world would remain dark at night. A: Was the light bulb invented by accident? B: 20 . （对一般疑问句否定回答） Edison made over 7,000 experiments and tried over 6,000 kinds of materials. A: 21 ?（特殊疑问句提问） B: It took him nearly thirteen months to invent it. I think Edison was the pioneer among the inventors all over the world. A: 22 . （使用陈述句式回应上文）But I think the most useful invention is the smartphone. B: 23 ?（特殊疑问句提问） A: Because we can call people far away and talk with them. We can watch movies, play games and even go shopping on smartphones. B: That’s for sure. These great inventions have really changed our life and made our lives better and better. 【参考答案】 19．What do you think is the most useful invention 20．No, it wasn’t 21．How long did it take him to invent it 22．I agree with you 23．Why do you think so 【导语】本对话主要讲述了两个人在讨论最有用的发明是什么，其中一人认为是电灯泡，另一人认为是智能手机，并给出了各自的理由。 19．根据“I think the most useful invention is the light bulb.”可知，B认为最有用的发明是灯泡，故此处A询问的是B认为最有用的发明是什么。故填What do you think is the most useful invention。 20．根据“Edison made over 7,000 experiments and tried over 6,000 kinds of materials.”可知，爱迪生经过大量实验才发明灯泡，故此处B回答的是灯泡并非偶然发明。故填No, it wasn’t。 21．根据“It took him nearly thirteen months to invent it.”可知，B回答的是发明灯泡花费的时间，故此处A询问的是爱迪生花了多长时间发明灯泡。故填How long did it take him to invent it。 22．根据“But I think the most useful invention is the smartphone.”可知，A提出了不同观点，故此处A表示对B观点的部分认同。故填I agree with you。 23．根据“Because we can call people far away and talk with them…”可知，A解释了选择智能手机的原因，故此处B询问的是A为何认为智能手机最有用的原因。故填Why do you think so。 （第三部分 读写） Ⅴ. Reading comprehension（阅读理解）（本大题共20题，共44分） A. Choose the best answer（根据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案）（每题2分，共20分） （A） Inventions make the world better, smarter and a little more fun. The folding bike helmet. People hate to wear a helmet because it’s thick and heavy. Morpher is a bike helmet made from plastic. It is just as strong as the traditional ones, but can be folded almost totally flat (平整的). Also it is much easier to carry. Shoes that tie themselves. After we see the movie Back to the Future, almost everyone wants a pair of self-tying shoes. Now, the dream shoe comes true in America. When you press a button (按钮), the shoes can tie themselves. The smart alarm clock-Hello Sense An alarm clock, called Hello Sense, can improve your sleep. It can control the temperature, light and even air quality in your bedroom to help you have a perfect sleep environment. And it can record your sleep cycles. Sweet potatoes that could save lives The lack (缺乏) of vitamin A can cause blindness and many other illnesses. In sub-Saharan Africa, plant experts are growing a kind of new sweet potatoes. These potatoes can help to fight against some illnesses. 24．What is the folding bike helmet like? A．It’s made from metal. B．It’s thick and heavy. C．It’s as strong as a traditional one. 25．Where are the dream shoes produced? A．China. B．Japan. C．America. 26．What CANNOT the smart alarm clock do? A．Control air quality B．Record sleep cycles C．Control our weight. 27．What does a child lack if he has a poor eyesight? A．Vitamin B．Vitamin C．Vitamin 28．Where can we read the passage? A．In a story book B．In a science magazine. C．In a travel guide book 【答案】24．C 25．C 26．C 27．A 28．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了四项能让世界变得更美好、更智能、更有趣的创新发明。 24．细节理解题。根据“It is just as strong as the traditional ones,”可知，折叠自行车头盔与传统头盔一样坚固。故选C。 25．细节理解题。根据“the dream shoe comes true in America.”可知，梦想中的鞋子在美国实现了。故选C。 26．细节理解题。根据“It can control the temperature, light and even air quality in your bedroom to help you have a perfect sleep environment. And it can record your sleep cycles.”可知，智能闹钟可控制空气质量、记录睡眠周期，没有提到控制体重。故选C。 27．细节理解题。根据“The lack (缺乏) of vitamin A can cause blindness and many other illnesses.”可知，缺乏维生素A会导致视力问题。故选A。 28．推理判断题。根据“Inventions make the world better, smarter and a little more fun.”及通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了四项创新发明，故文章应该出自科学杂志。故选B。 （B） Usually, when we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written in ink (墨水) on paper. But blind people cannot see, so how can they read books? The man who introduced a way of reading to blind people was Louis Braille. Braille lost his eyesight at the age of three. When he was ten, he went to study in a school for the blind in Paris. In those days, books for blind people used paper pressed against metal wire (金属丝) to form letters. Since the metal wire was heavy, each book weighed as much as 100 pounds. Indeed, the school library only had fourteen such books in it. In 1821, a soldier (士兵) visited the school and showed the students a system for passing messages at night. His system used paper with small, raised dots (凸起的点) that could be felt with the fingers. People used fingers over the raised dots to read messages. While the students found the soldier’s idea interesting, the system was too difficult to use. However, young Louis Braille took the idea and worked on it. At the age of fifteen, he created a system with patterns of six raised dots symbolizing each letter. “Braille”, the system for reading used today by blind people around the world, was born. The blind can easily identify Braille with their fingers and get the meaning quickly. They can also easily write in Braille with a special typewriter. Today, it is the most common system used by blind people for reading and writing, and nearly every language, including Chinese, has its own version (版本) of Braille for its people to use. 29．Why does the writer ask the question at the end of Paragraph 1? A．To introduce a great book. B．To show the blind’s problems. C．To catch readers’ interests. D．To do a survey. 30．What happened to Louis Braille at the age of 10? A．He lost his eyesight. B．He went to Paris for study. C．He met a great soldier. D．He created Braille. 31．How could the system the soldier showed pass messages? A．By feeling the metal wires on the paper. B．By feeling the small raised dots on the paper. C．By writing with a special typewriter. D．By using the heavy books. 32．What does the underlined word “identify” mean in the text? A．Know. B．Add. C．Control. D．Forget. 33．What is the best title for the text? A．The Development of Letters B．Great Books for the Blind C．The Importance of Reading D．The Invention of Braille 【答案】29．C 30．B 31．B 32．A 33．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了盲人阅读面临的困难，以及路易斯·布莱叶发明盲文的过程，盲文如今成为盲人阅读和写作最常用的系统，展现了盲文对盲人的重要意义。 29．细节理解题。根据“Usually, when we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written in ink (墨水) on paper. But blind people cannot see, so how can they read books?”可知，作者在第一段结尾提出问题“但是盲人看不见，他们怎么读书呢”，是为了引起读者兴趣，引出后文关于盲人阅读方式的介绍。故选C。 30．细节理解题。根据“When he was ten, he went to study in a school for the blind in Paris.”可知，路易斯·布莱叶十岁时去巴黎的一所盲人学校学习。故选B。 31．细节理解题。根据“His system used paper with small, raised dots (凸起的点) that could be felt with the fingers. People used fingers over the raised dots to read messages.”可知，士兵展示的系统是通过触摸纸上的小凸点来传递信息的。故选B。 32．词句猜测题。根据“The blind can easily identify Braille with their fingers and get the meaning quickly.”可知，盲人可以很容易地用手指“识别”盲文，并迅速理解其含义，所以“identify”的意思是“识别，辨认”，与“Know”意思相近。故选A。 33．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了盲人阅读面临的困难，以及路易斯·布莱叶发明盲文的过程，盲文如今成为盲人阅读和写作最常用的系统，所以最佳标题是“The Invention of Braille (盲文的发明)”。故选D。 B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文）（每题2分，共12分） Have you ever heard that some of the world’s most important discoveries happen by accident? The story of penicillin (青霉素) is one such example. This life-saving 34 was discovered through a lucky accident by a scientist named Alexander Fleming. In September 1928, Fleming was working in his laboratory in London. He was studying staphylococcus bacteria (葡萄球菌)，which can cause serious 35 in people. They felt weak. Before leaving for a vacation, he left some polluted dishes with bacteria in his lab by chance. When he returned, he noticed something 36 . A blue-green mold (青绿霉菌) had grown on one dish, and around it was a clear circle where all the bacteria had died. Instead of throwing away the polluted dish, Fleming became very 37 . He thought the blue-green mold might produce something that could kill bacteria. He decided to test this idea by doing more experiments. He found that the mold juice was indeed very effective at 38 harmful bacteria. He named this amazing mold “penicillin”. What made penicillin so special was that it could kill bacteria without harming human cells. This meant it could be used safely to treat sick people. Fleming’s discovery opened a new chapter in medicine-the age of antibiotics (抗生素). It completely changed how doctors treat bacteria and has 39 countless lives around the world. This wonderful story teaches us that in science, keeping an open mind and being curious can sometimes lead to amazing discoveries that change the world. 34．A．food B．medicine C．drink D．plant 35．A．illness B．challenges C．accidents D．disasters 36．A．usual B．strange C．wrong D．missing 37．A．angry B．curious C．tired D．worried 38．A．helping B．growing C．destroying D．finding 39．A．saved B．supported C．lost D．taken 【答案】34．B 35．A 36．B 37．B 38．C 39．A 【导语】本文讲述了青霉素这一重要医学发现的传奇故事。 34．句意：这种救命的药物是科学家亚历山大·弗莱明通过一次幸运的意外发现的。 food食物；medicine药物；drink饮料；plant植物。根据前文“penicillin（青霉素）”可知，青霉素是一种药物，故选B。 35．句意：他正在研究葡萄球菌，这种细菌会导致人们患上严重的疾病。 illness疾病；challenges挑战；accidents事故；disasters灾难。根据“staphylococcus bacteria（葡萄球菌）”可知，葡萄球菌会引发疾病，故选A。 36．句意：当他回来时，他注意到一些奇怪的事情。 usual平常的；strange奇怪的；wrong错误的；missing失踪的。根据后文“A blue-green mold (青绿霉菌) had grown on one dish, and around it was a clear circle where all the bacteria had died.”可知，盘子上长出了青绿霉菌，且周围细菌都死了，这是奇怪的现象，故选B。 37．句意：弗莱明没有扔掉被污染的盘子，而是变得非常好奇。 angry生气的；curious好奇的；tired疲倦的；worried担心的。根据后文“He thought the blue-green mold might produce something that could kill bacteria.”可知，他对青绿霉菌能杀死细菌这件事感到好奇，故选B。 38．句意：他发现霉菌汁在消灭有害细菌方面确实非常有效。 helping帮助；growing生长；destroying消灭；finding发现。根据前文“the blue-green mold might produce something that could kill bacteria”可知，这里说的是霉菌汁能消灭有害细菌，故选C。 39．句意：它彻底改变了医生治疗细菌的方式，并且拯救了世界各地无数人的生命。 saved拯救；supported支持；lost失去；taken拿走。根据前文“This meant it could be used safely to treat sick people.”可知，青霉素能安全治疗病人，所以拯救了很多生命，故选A。 C. Read the passage and answer the following questions.（每题2分，共12分） Answer the questions (根据短文内容，回答下列问题) It was a rainy afternoon in October with strong wind. Garth thought it was perfect weather to test his new invention for the first time—his Umbrella Hat. Did it keep the rain off? Did the wind blow the hat? After a few minutes, he was happy. His invention kept him dry and left his hands free. Soon, everyone would want one! Then his heart sank. On the other side of the street were the Barker Boys. Garth turned quickly to run back home, but it was too late. The three boys soon stood around him. Todd, the biggest brother pulled the Umbrella Hat off Garth’s head. “What is THIS?” he said angrily. “It’s an Umbrella Hat,” Garth said with a small voice. “You wear it when it rains…” “Who would want something like that?” Todd laughed loudly. He threw the hat onto the wet ground and three of them went away, still laughing. With tears in his eyes, Garth picked up his invention from the ground. Maybe the horrible Todd was right… Suddenly, he looked up and saw a lady’s worried face. “Are you okay?” she asked. Then she saw the Umbrella Hat in Garth’s hand. It was now broken and dirty. “What is that?” “It’s my Umbrella Hat. I made it myself,” said Garth. He waited for her to laugh like the boys did. To his surprise, the woman didn’t laugh, but started to ask him many questions about the Umbrella Hat and how he made it. Finally, she said, “Keep inventing. One day, you will make something truly amazing.” “And you have given me a great idea,” she continued. “I own a gadget (新奇小玩意) shop called Gadgets4U. I would like to...” Garth could not believe it. Gadgets4U was one of his favorite places in the world. The idea of having his invention in that wonderful shop was very exciting. He hugged the lady and ran home to invent something fantastic for her competition. 40．What was the name of Garth’s new invention? 41．How can Garth’s new invention help people on rainy days? 42．What did Todd think of Garth’s new invention? 43．How did Garth feel after talking to Todd? 44．What did the woman do to show her interest in Garth's invention? 45．What was the woman’s great idea? Complete her words. “I own a gadget shop called Gadgets4U. I would like to…” 【答案】40．Umbrella Hat. 41．It can keep people dry and leave their hands free. 42．He thought it was ridiculous and nobody would want it. 43．He felt sad and upset and doubted his invention. 44．She didn’t laugh and asked him many questions about the invention and how he made it. 45．sell your Umbrella Hat in my shop and invite you to take part in my shop’s invention competition. 【导语】本文讲述加思测试自制雨伞帽遭男孩嘲笑，后被小店店主鼓励，并获得展示发明的机会的故事。 40．根据“Garth thought it was perfect weather to test his new invention for the first time—his Umbrella Hat.”可知，加思的新发明是雨伞帽，故填Umbrella Hat. 41．根据“His invention kept him dry and left his hands free.”可知，该发明能让人保持干燥且解放双手，故填It can keep people dry and leave their hands free. 42．根据“‘Who would want something like that?’ Todd laughed loudly.”可知，托德认为这个发明很可笑，没人会想要，故填He thought it was ridiculous and nobody would want it. 43．根据“With tears in his eyes, Garth picked up his invention from the ground. Maybe the horrible Todd was right…”可知，加思难过又沮丧，甚至怀疑自己，故填He felt sad and upset and doubted his invention. 44．根据“To his surprise, the woman didn’t laugh, but started to ask him many questions about the Umbrella Hat and how he made it.”可知，女士没有嘲笑他，还询问了很多相关问题，故填She didn’t laugh and asked him many questions about the invention and how he made it. 45．根据“Keep inventing. One day, you will make something truly amazing.” “I own a gadget shop called Gadgets4U.”和“The idea of having his invention in that wonderful shop was very exciting.”可知，女士想售卖加思的发明，或邀请他参加比赛、把发明放在店里售卖，故填sell your Umbrella Hat in my shop and invite you to take part in my shop’s invention competition. Ⅵ. Writing（本大题共2大题，共28分） A. Translation (4小题，每题各2分，共8分) 46．这是一个多么伟大的发现啊！(discovery) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】What a great discovery this is! / How great this discovery is! 【详解】根据汉语意思可知，本句是感叹句。感叹句有两种常用结构“What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语！”和“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语！”。“多么伟大的发现”译为“what a great discovery”，其中discovery是可数名词单数，用what引导，后接主谓“this is”，可翻译为What a great discovery this is；“多么伟大”译为“how great”，后接主谓“this discovery is”，可翻译为How great this discovery is。故填What a great discovery this is! / How great this discovery is! 47. 他因实用的发明获奖。（award） ___________________________________________________________ 【答案】He was awarded a prize for his practical invention. /He won an award for his useful invention. 【详解】根据汉语意思可知，本句为一般过去时的被动语态，强调 “被授予奖项” 的被动关系。He 作主语，指代 “他”；was awarded 为 award 的一般过去时被动结构（be + 过去分词），表示 “被颁奖”，符合 “获奖” 的被动语义；a prize 作宾语，表 “一项奖项”；for his practical invention 作原因状语，“practical” 对应 “实用的”，“invention” 为名词 “发明”，精准呼应括号内核心词汇 award 的用法场景（与发明相关的颁奖语境）。句意完整，语法符合单元核心词汇 award 的被动语态考点。 48．轮子的发明彻底改变了人类的交通方式。（wheel） ___________________________________________________________ 【答案】The invention of the wheel completely changed the way humans traveled. 【详解】根据汉语意思可知，本句为一般过去时的肯定句，描述历史事实。The invention of the wheel作主语，表示“轮子的发明”；completely为副词，修饰changed，表示“彻底地”；changed为change的过去式，作谓语动词，表示“改变”；the way humans traveled作宾语，表示“人类的交通方式”，humans为主语，traveled为过去式，表示“过去的出行方式”。句意完整，语法正确。故填The invention of the wheel completely changed the way humans traveled. B．Please write a short passage of at least 60 words (请写一篇不少于60词的短文) （共20分） 49．当今科技日新月异，各种发明不断涌现。高科技产品在我们的生活中不可或缺，如智能手机(smart phone)、自动语音识别技术(ASR)等； 服务类产品也蓬勃发展， 如网上购物(online shopping)，移动支付(mobile payment)，共享单车(bike sharing)等。请你介绍一款你认为重要的发明，简单描述它并说明你选择它的原因。 要求： 1.要点齐全， 可适当发挥； 2.语句通顺、书写规范； 3.词数： 60 词左右； 4.文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名。 参考词汇： benefit 益处 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 In today’s rapidly advancing world, many inventions have become essential in our daily lives. Among them, I believe the smartphone is one of the most important inventions. The smartphone can connect to the Internet, allowing us to search for and store information easily. It also enables us to communicate with our family and friends through video calls and messages anytime, anywhere. Moreover, smartphones support various applications like online shopping, mobile payment, and bike sharing, making our lives more convenient. The benefits of smartphones are numerous, as they save us time and provide us with endless possibilities. Therefore, I think the smartphone is a crucial invention that has significantly improved our quality of life. 【总体分析】① 题材：本文是一篇话题作文； ② 时态：一般现在时； ③ 提示：写作时必须要描述这项发明，并说明它的益处。 【写作步骤】第一步，点明观点，认为智能手机是重要的发明； 第二步，描述智能手机的功能和带来的便利，如上网、视频通话、信息存储、支持各种应用等； 第三步，总结智能手机的益处，强调其对生活质量的提升。 【亮点词汇】① rapidly快速地 ② invention发明 ③ essential基本的 ④ search for搜索 ⑤ store存储 ⑥ communicate交流 ⑦ convenient方便的 ⑧ benefit益处 【高分句型】①In today’s rapidly advancing world, many inventions have become essential in our daily lives. (现在完成时) ②The smartphone can connect to the Internet, allowing us to search for and store information easily. (非谓语动词) ③Therefore, I think the smartphone is a crucial invention that has significantly improved our quality of life. (宾语从句) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 单元测试卷 【B卷 ◆ 对接新教材】 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） （第二部分 语法和词汇） Ⅱ. Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案，每题只有一个正确答案）（本大题共10题， 每题1分，共10分） Making the Night Bright Before the late 19th century, when the sun went down, the world became dark. People relied on candles and gas lamps 1 . However, Thomas Edison, one of the greatest inventors in history, was determined to change this. He wanted to create an electric light that was safe and cheap enough for everyone. Edison did not invent the first light bulb, but he made the first practical one. 2 part was finding the right material for the filament (灯丝). He and his team tried thousands of different materials, from cotton to bamboo. They failed again and again. Yet, Edison didn’t give up. He said, “I haven’t failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways 3 won’t work.” Finally, in 1879, he succeeded. A bulb using a carbon filament burned for 13.5 hours. It was a huge success. Soon, his invention 4 to the public. The news spread quickly in newspapers around the world. People were 5 that a small glass ball could turn night into day. Edison’s success teaches us a lesson about persistence (坚持). Giving up was never an option for him. He believed that genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration (汗水). Today, 6 we turn on a light, we should thank the man who lit up the world. 7 we have LED lights now, the principle remains the same. The light bulb is 8 important an invention that we cannot imagine life without it. It allows us to work and 9 long after sunset. It is truly 10 symbol of human intelligence. 1．A．seen B．seeing C．to see 2．A．The hardest B．Harder C．Hard 3．A．when B．where C．that 4．A．introduced B．was introduced C．introduces 5．A．to amaze B．amazing C．amazed 6．A．whenever B．whatever C．however 7．A．Although B．Because C．If 8．A．such B．too C．so 9．A．played B．playing C．play 10．A．/ B．a C．an Ⅲ. Choose the proper words or phrases in the box to complete the following passage. Each word or phrase can be used only once .（本大题共8小题，每题1分，共8分） 选择最恰当的选项填入空格，每题只有一个正确选 项，每个选项只能使用一次。 A．made of   B．inventions  C． successfully  D．picture  E. ideas Benjamin Franklin invented many things that made people’s lives easier. One of his earlier 11 was paddles for swimmers. Ben had wondered if there were tools that could help people swim faster. He thought hard and a 12 of swimming paddles grew in his mind. Then he began to work on paddles without wasting time. A few days later, a pair of paddles 13 wood were done. He tried them out in the water, and they worked. He had 14 created a new tool to improve swimming. Today, they are usually made of plastic or silicone and come in different shapes and sizes. A．warm      B．solve     C． gap     D．agreed with     E. talk about Although AI can bring people comfort, it still cannot match the full abilities of a human doctor. From friendships to problems at work, more Chinese people are using AI tools like DeepSeek to 15 their problems. They share their thoughts and feelings with AI and receive 16 advice. AI is changing the way people find mental (心理的) health support. But can AI truly take the place of a human doctor? Around the world, 45 percent of people who needed mental health care in 2024 did not get it because it is too expensive and there weren’t enough doctors, according to Daniel Lowd, a professor at the University of Oregon. He believes AI could fill this 17 . “If people can find some support and opinions by talking to a chatbot, then I think that’s wonderful,” said Lowd. Li Yong, a doctor at the Jiangsu Province Hospital, 18 Lowd, saying that AI meets people’s needs for mental support in some ways. Ⅳ. Complete the following dialogue as required.（本大题共5小题，每题2分，共10分） 根据所给要求完成对话 A: Good morning, Linda! What are you doing? B: I’m reading a magazine about useful inventions. A: 19 ?（特殊疑问句提问） B: I think the most useful invention is the light bulb. It makes our daily life more convenient. Without the light bulb, our world would remain dark at night. A: Was the light bulb invented by accident? B: 20 . （对一般疑问句否定回答） Edison made over 7,000 experiments and tried over 6,000 kinds of materials. A: 21 ?（特殊疑问句提问） B: It took him nearly thirteen months to invent it. I think Edison was the pioneer among the inventors all over the world. A: 22 . （使用陈述句式回应上文）But I think the most useful invention is the smartphone. B: 23 ?（特殊疑问句提问） A: Because we can call people far away and talk with them. We can watch movies, play games and even go shopping on smartphones. B: That’s for sure. These great inventions have really changed our life and made our lives better and better. （第三部分 读写） Ⅴ. Reading comprehension（阅读理解）（本大题共20题，共44分） A. Choose the best answer（根据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案）（每题2分，共20分） （A） Inventions make the world better, smarter and a little more fun. The folding bike helmet. People hate to wear a helmet because it’s thick and heavy. Morpher is a bike helmet made from plastic. It is just as strong as the traditional ones, but can be folded almost totally flat (平整的). Also it is much easier to carry. Shoes that tie themselves. After we see the movie Back to the Future, almost everyone wants a pair of self-tying shoes. Now, the dream shoe comes true in America. When you press a button (按钮), the shoes can tie themselves. The smart alarm clock-Hello Sense An alarm clock, called Hello Sense, can improve your sleep. It can control the temperature, light and even air quality in your bedroom to help you have a perfect sleep environment. And it can record your sleep cycles. Sweet potatoes that could save lives The lack (缺乏) of vitamin A can cause blindness and many other illnesses. In sub-Saharan Africa, plant experts are growing a kind of new sweet potatoes. These potatoes can help to fight against some illnesses. 24．What is the folding bike helmet like? A．It’s made from metal. B．It’s thick and heavy. C．It’s as strong as a traditional one. 25．Where are the dream shoes produced? A．China. B．Japan. C．America. 26．What CANNOT the smart alarm clock do? A．Control air quality B．Record sleep cycles C．Control our weight. 27．What does a child lack if he has a poor eyesight? A．Vitamin B．Vitamin C．Vitamin 28．Where can we read the passage? A．In a story book B．In a science magazine. C．In a travel guide book （B） Usually, when we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written in ink (墨水) on paper. But blind people cannot see, so how can they read books? The man who introduced a way of reading to blind people was Louis Braille. Braille lost his eyesight at the age of three. When he was ten, he went to study in a school for the blind in Paris. In those days, books for blind people used paper pressed against metal wire (金属丝) to form letters. Since the metal wire was heavy, each book weighed as much as 100 pounds. Indeed, the school library only had fourteen such books in it. In 1821, a soldier (士兵) visited the school and showed the students a system for passing messages at night. His system used paper with small, raised dots (凸起的点) that could be felt with the fingers. People used fingers over the raised dots to read messages. While the students found the soldier’s idea interesting, the system was too difficult to use. However, young Louis Braille took the idea and worked on it. At the age of fifteen, he created a system with patterns of six raised dots symbolizing each letter. “Braille”, the system for reading used today by blind people around the world, was born. The blind can easily identify Braille with their fingers and get the meaning quickly. They can also easily write in Braille with a special typewriter. Today, it is the most common system used by blind people for reading and writing, and nearly every language, including Chinese, has its own version (版本) of Braille for its people to use. 29．Why does the writer ask the question at the end of Paragraph 1? A．To introduce a great book. B．To show the blind’s problems. C．To catch readers’ interests. D．To do a survey. 30．What happened to Louis Braille at the age of 10? A．He lost his eyesight. B．He went to Paris for study. C．He met a great soldier. D．He created Braille. 31．How could the system the soldier showed pass messages? A．By feeling the metal wires on the paper. B．By feeling the small raised dots on the paper. C．By writing with a special typewriter. D．By using the heavy books. 32．What does the underlined word “identify” mean in the text? A．Know. B．Add. C．Control. D．Forget. 33．What is the best title for the text? A．The Development of Letters B．Great Books for the Blind C．The Importance of Reading D．The Invention of Braille B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文）（每题2分，共12分） Have you ever heard that some of the world’s most important discoveries happen by accident? The story of penicillin (青霉素) is one such example. This life-saving 34 was discovered through a lucky accident by a scientist named Alexander Fleming. In September 1928, Fleming was working in his laboratory in London. He was studying staphylococcus bacteria (葡萄球菌)，which can cause serious 35 in people. They felt weak. Before leaving for a vacation, he left some polluted dishes with bacteria in his lab by chance. When he returned, he noticed something 36 . A blue-green mold (青绿霉菌) had grown on one dish, and around it was a clear circle where all the bacteria had died. Instead of throwing away the polluted dish, Fleming became very 37 . He thought the blue-green mold might produce something that could kill bacteria. He decided to test this idea by doing more experiments. He found that the mold juice was indeed very effective at 38 harmful bacteria. He named this amazing mold “penicillin”. What made penicillin so special was that it could kill bacteria without harming human cells. This meant it could be used safely to treat sick people. Fleming’s discovery opened a new chapter in medicine-the age of antibiotics (抗生素). It completely changed how doctors treat bacteria and has 39 countless lives around the world. This wonderful story teaches us that in science, keeping an open mind and being curious can sometimes lead to amazing discoveries that change the world. 34．A．food B．medicine C．drink D．plant 35．A．illness B．challenges C．accidents D．disasters 36．A．usual B．strange C．wrong D．missing 37．A．angry B．curious C．tired D．worried 38．A．helping B．growing C．destroying D．finding 39．A．saved B．supported C．lost D．taken C. Read the passage and answer the following questions.（每题2分，共12分） Answer the questions (根据短文内容，回答下列问题) It was a rainy afternoon in October with strong wind. Garth thought it was perfect weather to test his new invention for the first time—his Umbrella Hat. Did it keep the rain off? Did the wind blow the hat? After a few minutes, he was happy. His invention kept him dry and left his hands free. Soon, everyone would want one! Then his heart sank. On the other side of the street were the Barker Boys. Garth turned quickly to run back home, but it was too late. The three boys soon stood around him. Todd, the biggest brother pulled the Umbrella Hat off Garth’s head. “What is THIS?” he said angrily. “It’s an Umbrella Hat,” Garth said with a small voice. “You wear it when it rains…” “Who would want something like that?” Todd laughed loudly. He threw the hat onto the wet ground and three of them went away, still laughing. With tears in his eyes, Garth picked up his invention from the ground. Maybe the horrible Todd was right… Suddenly, he looked up and saw a lady’s worried face. “Are you okay?” she asked. Then she saw the Umbrella Hat in Garth’s hand. It was now broken and dirty. “What is that?” “It’s my Umbrella Hat. I made it myself,” said Garth. He waited for her to laugh like the boys did. To his surprise, the woman didn’t laugh, but started to ask him many questions about the Umbrella Hat and how he made it. Finally, she said, “Keep inventing. One day, you will make something truly amazing.” “And you have given me a great idea,” she continued. “I own a gadget (新奇小玩意) shop called Gadgets4U. I would like to...” Garth could not believe it. Gadgets4U was one of his favorite places in the world. The idea of having his invention in that wonderful shop was very exciting. He hugged the lady and ran home to invent something fantastic for her competition. 40．What was the name of Garth’s new invention? 41．How can Garth’s new invention help people on rainy days? 42．What did Todd think of Garth’s new invention? 43．How did Garth feel after talking to Todd? 44．What did the woman do to show her interest in Garth's invention? 45．What was the woman’s great idea? Complete her words. “I own a gadget shop called Gadgets4U. I would like to…” Ⅵ. Writing（本大题共2大题，共28分） A. Translation (4小题，每题各2分，共8分) 46．这是一个多么伟大的发现啊！(discovery) _____________________________________________________________________ 47. 他因实用的发明获奖。（award） _____________________________________________________________________ 48．轮子的发明彻底改变了人类的交通方式。（wheel） _____________________________________________________________________ B．Please write a short passage of at least 60 words (请写一篇不少于60词的短文) （共20分） 49．当今科技日新月异，各种发明不断涌现。高科技产品在我们的生活中不可或缺，如智能手机(smart phone)、自动语音识别技术(ASR)等； 服务类产品也蓬勃发展， 如网上购物(online shopping)，移动支付(mobile payment)，共享单车(bike sharing)等。请你介绍一款你认为重要的发明，简单描述它并说明你选择它的原因。 要求： 1.要点齐全， 可适当发挥； 2.语句通顺、书写规范； 3.词数： 60 词左右； 4.文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名。 参考词汇： benefit 益处 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $