Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries（单元自测练习卷）-2025-2026学年英语沪教版（五四学制）八年级下册

Unit 2 Great Inventions and Discoveries 综合测试卷 班级：________ 姓名：________ 学号：________ Ⅰ. 单项选择 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The invention of the ______ made it possible for people to travel long distances quickly. A. wheel B. light bulb C. computer D. airplane 2. Many great discoveries ______ made by scientists who are very observant and patient. A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. We should learn from ______ like Edison and never give up easily. A. inventors B. doctors C. teachers D. drivers 4. This machine can ______ difficult math problems in a few seconds. A. create B. solve C. discover D. imagine 5. The smartphone is one of the most useful ______ in the 21st century. A. accidents B. inventions C. competitions D. traditions 6. —______ did the development of the Internet change our lives? —It changed the way we communicate, work and learn. A. What B. Why C. How D. When 7. It’s amazing that the ancient people ______ build such great buildings without modern tools. A. are able to B. were able to C. will be able to D. have been able to 8. ______ the invention of paper, people recorded information on wood or bamboo. A. Before B. After C. Since D. Until 9. The scientist spent years ______ a new medicine to help sick people. A. test B. testing C. to test D. tested 10. —What do you think is the most important invention? —It’s hard to say. But I think the printing press changed the world greatly because it ______ knowledge to spread widely. A. allowed B. stopped C. prevented D. refused 11. Every invention started with a small ______ in someone’s mind. A. question B. problem C. idea D. mistake 12. The discovery of electricity ______ the way people live and work. A. kept B. changed C. protected D. caused 13. —Who ______ the theory of relativity? —Albert Einstein, a famous physicist. A. found B. invented C. discovered D. created 14. Technology is developing so fast that we need to keep ______ new things. A. learn B. learning C. learned D. to learn Ⅱ. 词汇运用 （一）根据句意及首字母提示完成单词 1. The i______ of the telephone changed the way people communicate. 2. Scientists have made many important d______ in the field of medicine. 3. The printing press made it possible to p______ books quickly and cheaply. 4. We should use technology w______ and not let it control our lives. 5. His i______ was so creative that it won first prize in the competition. 6. The development of a______ helps farmers grow more food with less work. 7. Before the i______ of the light bulb, people used candles for light at night. 8. We must a______ our mistakes and learn from them to make progress. （二）用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Alexander Graham Bell ______ (invent) the telephone in 1876. 2. By the time we arrived, the scientist ______ (already/start) his speech about great discoveries. 3. The students ______ (discuss) the influence of inventions on our lives when the teacher came in. 4. If we ______ (know) more about science, we can understand the world better. 5. It is meaningful ______ (learn) about the history of great inventions. 6. The ______ (develop) of high-speed trains has made traveling much more convenient. 7. She ______ (write) three papers on new discoveries so far this year. 8. The ______ (science) are working hard to find new ways to solve the energy problem. Ⅲ. 句型转换 按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。 1. The computer has changed our lives greatly.（改为一般疑问句） ______ the computer ______ our lives greatly? 2. Edison invented the light bulb.（改为被动语态） The light bulb ______ ______ by Edison. 3. The invention of the wheel is very important.（改为感叹句） ______ ______ the invention of the wheel is! 4. We can use the Internet to get information quickly.（改为同义句） The Internet ______ ______ to get information quickly. 5. He didn’t go to the museum because he was ill.（改为简单句） He didn’t go to the museum ______ ______ his illness. 6. It took them several years to complete the research.（改为同义句） They ______ several years ______ the research. Ⅳ. 补全对话 根据对话内容，从方框中选择合适的句子补全对话，其中有两项多余。 A. What do you think is the most important invention? B. It really changed the world. C. When was it invented? D. What’s it used for? E. I’m reading a book about great inventions. F. Who invented it? G. How did people communicate in the past? A: Hi, Tom! What are you doing? B: Hi, Li Ming! 1. ______ A: That sounds interesting. 2. ______ B: I think the telephone is one of the most important inventions. A: I agree. 3. ______ B: It was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. A: 4. ______ B: It’s used for talking to people who are far away. A: 5. ______ Now we can even make video calls with smartphones! B: Yes, technology has developed so fast. Ⅴ. 完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Great inventions and discoveries have shaped our world. From the wheel to the smartphone, each invention has made our lives 1. ______. But do you know the stories behind these inventions? Many inventions were not 2. ______ in a day. They often came from years of hard work and many failed experiments. For example, Thomas Edison 3. ______ over 1,000 experiments before he successfully invented the light bulb. When asked about his failures, he said, “I have not failed. I’ve just found 1,000 ways that won’t 4. ______.” Some inventions were made by 5. ______. The microwave oven was invented when a scientist noticed that a chocolate bar in his pocket melted while he was working with radar equipment. This accident led to a 6. ______ invention that changed how we cook food. Discoveries are also very important. When Alexander Fleming 7. ______ penicillin, he opened a new era in medicine and saved millions of lives. His discovery showed that sometimes, a small observation can lead to a 8. ______ breakthrough. Today, technology is developing faster than ever before. New inventions like artificial intelligence and 3D printing are 9. ______ our future. We are living in an exciting time where anyone with a good idea and the courage to try can become an inventor. The history of inventions teaches us that creativity, perseverance and curiosity are the keys to 10. ______. Who knows? Maybe the next great invention is in your mind right now! 1. A. harder B. easier C. slower D. quieter 2. A. explained B. discovered C. completed D. forgotten 3. A. did B. made C. tried D. had 4. A. work B. fail C. stop D. move 5. A. accident B. mistake C. choice D. habit 6. A. terrible B. useless C. wonderful D. common 7. A. bought B. found C. lost D. hid 8. A. small B. big C. simple D. slow 9. A. studying B. imagining C. shaping D. protecting 10. A. success B. failure C. surprise D. question Ⅵ. 阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most exciting developments in modern technology. It refers to the ability of machines to learn from experience, adjust to new inputs and perform tasks that usually require human intelligence. The idea of AI was first introduced in the 1950s, but it has developed rapidly in recent years thanks to better computers and more data. Today, AI is used in many areas of our daily lives. For example, virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa use AI to understand and respond to our questions. Streaming services like Netflix use AI to recommend movies and shows based on what we have watched before. In medicine, AI is helping doctors diagnose diseases more accurately and quickly. It can analyze medical images like X-rays and CT scans to find problems that might be missed by the human eye. In transportation, self-driving cars use AI to navigate roads safely. However, the development of AI also raises important questions. Some people worry that AI might replace human workers in many jobs. Others are concerned about privacy, since AI systems often need large amounts of personal data to function. Despite these concerns, most experts agree that AI will continue to develop and play a bigger role in our lives. The key is to use this technology wisely and ensure that it benefits everyone. As we move forward, it’s important for students to learn about AI and understand how it works, because it will shape their future. 1. When was the idea of AI first introduced? A. In the 1950s. B. In the 1980s. C. In the 2000s. D. In the 2020s. 2. How does Netflix use AI according to the passage? A. To create new movies. B. To recommend movies to users. C. To direct movies. D. To translate movies. 3. What can AI do in medicine? A. Perform operations on patients. B. Help doctors diagnose diseases. C. Replace all doctors. D. Create new medicines instantly. 4. What is one concern about the development of AI? A. It is too expensive to develop. B. It might replace human workers. C. It doesn’t work well in hospitals. D. It is only used by rich people. 5. What does the passage mainly tell us? A. The history of AI development. B. The advantages and concerns of AI. C. How to build AI systems. D. Why we should stop using AI. Ⅶ. 书面表达 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Alex对中国的科技发展很感兴趣。请你根据提示，给他写一封80词左右的邮件，介绍一项你认为重要的中国现代发明（如高铁、移动支付、共享单车等）及其对我们生活的影响。 提示词：invention, convenient, change, modern, life 要求：1. 书信格式正确；2. 条理清晰，语句通顺；3. 包含提示词，可适当发挥；4. 语法正确，无拼写错误。 Dear Alex, Yours, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $