Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 单元词汇精讲巧练 -八年级英语下册单元整体优化精准练(新教材沪教版五四制)

2026-03-09
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英语中高考研究站
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语沪教版(五四学制)八年级下册
年级 八年级
章节 Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries
类型 题集-专项训练
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 上海市
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发布时间 2026-03-09
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作者 英语中高考研究站
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Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries单元词汇讲与练 读单词识词义 单元核心词汇表(含词性、音标、中文释义) 单词(含词性音标) 中文释义 单词(含词性音标) 中文释义 1. discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现;发觉 2. ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ adj. 古代的;古老的 3. BCE /ˌbiː siː ˈiː/ abbr. 公元前(=before the Common Era) 4. CE /ˌsiː ˈiː/ abbr. 公元(=Common Era) 5. exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ n. 探索;勘查 6. wheel /wiːl/ n./v. 轮子;车轮;转动;旋转 7. economy /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ n. 经济 8. material /məˈtɪəriəl/ n./adj. 材料;原料;物质的;重要的 9. fishnet /ˈfɪʃnet/ n. 渔网 10. war /wɔː(r)/ n. 战争 11. excite /ɪkˈsaɪt/ v. 使激动;使兴奋 12. illness /ˈɪlnəs/ n. (身体或精神上的)疾病,病 13. socialism /ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm/ n. 社会主义 14. habit /ˈhæbɪt/ n. 习惯 15. hardly /ˈhɑːdli/ adv. 几乎不;几乎没有 16. totally /ˈtəʊtəli/ adv. 全部地;整个地 17. telephone /ˈtelɪfəʊn/ n./v. 电话;打电话 18. tube /tjuːb/ n./v. (金属 / 塑料 / 橡皮制)管;装管;用管输送 19. bone /bəʊn/ n. 骨头 20. X-ray /ˈeks reɪ/ n. X 射线;X 光 21. award /əˈwɔːd/ v./n. 颁奖;奖;奖品 22. sir /sɜː(r)/ n. 爵士;(对不认识男性的尊称)先生 23. mould /məʊld/ n./v. 霉;霉菌;塑造;浇铸 24. bacteria /bækˈtɪəriə/ n.(pl.) 细菌(单数:bacterium) 25. course /kɔːs/ n./v. 进程;课程;流动;跑过 26. treat /triːt/ v. 医治;治疗 27. serious /ˈsɪəriəs/ adj. 严重的;严肃的 28. malaria /məˈleəriə/ n. 疟疾 29. medical /ˈmedɪkl/ adj. 医学的;医疗的 30. volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ v./n. 自愿做;义务做;志愿者 31. herself /hɜːˈself/ pron. (女性反身代词)她自己 32. spare /speə(r)/ adj./v. 空闲的;抽出;匀出 33. discover /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/ v. 发现;发觉 34. discoverer /dɪˈskʌvərə(r)/ n. 发现者 35. anciently /ˈeɪnʃəntli/ adv. 古代地;远古地 36. explore /ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/ v. 探索;勘查 37. explorer /ɪkˈsplɔːrə(r)/ n. 探险家;探索者 38. wheeled /wiːld/ adj. 有轮的 39. economic /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ adj. 经济的;经济学的 40. economical /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkl/ adj. 节约的;经济实惠的 41. economist /ɪˈkɒnəmɪst/ n. 经济学家 42. materialize /məˈtɪəriəlaɪz/ v. 实现;成为现实 43. fisherman /ˈfɪʃəmən/ n. 渔民;渔夫 44. fishermen /ˈfɪʃəmən/ n.(pl.) 渔民;渔夫 45. warlike /ˈwɔːlaɪk/ adj. 好战的;有战争危险的 46. warlord /ˈwɔːlɔːd/ n. 军阀 47. excited /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/ adj. 感到兴奋的;激动的 48. exciting /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/ adj. 令人兴奋的;激动人心的 49. excitement /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/ n. 兴奋;激动 50. ill /ɪl/ adj. 生病的;不健康的 51. social /ˈsəʊʃl/ adj. 社会的;社交的 52. society /səˈsaɪəti/ n. 社会;社团 53. socialist /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/ n./adj. 社会主义者;社会主义的 54. habitual /həˈbɪtʃuəl/ adj. 习惯性的;惯常的 55. habituate /həˈbɪtʃueɪt/ v. 使习惯于;养成习惯 56. hard /hɑːd/ adj./adv. 坚硬的;困难的;努力地;猛烈地 57. total /ˈtəʊtl/ adj./n. 总的;全部的;总数;合计 58. telephonic /ˌtelɪˈfɒnɪk/ adj. 电话的;用电话的 59. tubular /ˈtjuːbjələ(r)/ adj. 管状的 60. bony /ˈbəʊni/ adj. 骨瘦如柴的;多骨的 61. boneless /ˈbəʊnləs/ adj. 无骨的 62. awardee /ˌəwɔːˈdiː/ n. 获奖者 63. mouldy /ˈməʊldi/ adj. 发霉的;霉烂的 64. bacterial /bækˈtɪəriəl/ adj. 细菌的;由细菌引起的 65. life-saving /ˈlaɪf seɪvɪŋ/ adj. 救命的;救生的 66. coursing /ˈkɔːsɪŋ/ v. (现在分词)流动;快速移动 67. treatment /ˈtriːtmənt/ n. 治疗;疗法 68. treatable /ˈtriːtəbl/ adj. 可治疗的;可医治的 69. seriously /ˈsɪəriəsli/ adv. 严重地;严肃地 70. seriousness /ˈsɪəriəsnəs/ n. 严重性;严肃 71. malaria l /məˈleəriəl/ adj. 疟疾的;患疟疾的 72. medicine /ˈmedsn/ n. 药;医学 73. medically /ˈmedɪkli/ adv. 医学上;医疗上 74. voluntary /ˈvɒləntri/ adj. 自愿的;志愿的 75. volunteering /ˌvɒlənˈtɪərɪŋ/ n. 志愿活动 76. sparing /ˈspeərɪŋ/ adj. 节约的;吝啬的 77. sparely /ˈspeəli/ adv. 节约地;少量地 78. inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/ n. 发明家 79. invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明;发明物 80. practical /ˈpræktɪkl/ adj. 实用的;实际的 核心词汇形转 原词 词性 转换形式 释义 / 用法 例句 / 搭配 discovery n. 发现;发觉 discover (v. 发现;发觉)discoverer (n. 发现者) 动词:发现事物;名词:发现者 Scientists discover new species every year.Columbus is the discoverer of the New World. ancient adj. 古代的;古老的 anciently (adv. 古代地;远古地)antiquity (n. 古代;古物) 副词:表时间属性;名词:古代时期 / 古物 This custom was anciently practiced in Asia.We studied the antiquities of ancient Egypt. exploration n. 探索;勘查 explore (v. 探索;勘查)explorer (n. 探险家;探索者) 动词:主动探索动作;名词:执行探索的人 They plan to explore the deep sea.The explorer crossed the desert alone. wheel n. 轮子;车轮 wheel (v. 转动;旋转)wheeled (adj. 有轮的) 动词:物体旋转动作;形容词:带有轮子的 She wheeled her suitcase through the airport.Wheeled chairs are convenient for the disabled. economy n. 经济 economic (adj. 经济的;经济学的)economical (adj. 节约的;经济实惠的)economist (n. 经济学家) 形容词:经济相关的 / 节约的;名词:研究经济的人 The country faces economic challenges.Buying in bulk is more economical.The economist predicted growth in GDP. material n. 材料;原料 material (adj. 物质的;重要的)materialize (v. 实现;成为现实) 形容词:表属性;动词:想法等变为现实 We need material evidence for the case.Her dream of being a doctor materialized. excite v. 使激动;使兴奋 excited (adj. 感到兴奋的)exciting (adj. 令人兴奋的)excitement (n. 兴奋;激动) -ed 形容词:修饰人;-ing 形容词:修饰物;名词:兴奋的情绪 The children were excited about the trip.It was an exciting football match.The crowd cheered with excitement. illness n. 疾病 ill (adj. 生病的;不健康的)illnesses (n.pl. 各种疾病) 形容词:描述人体状态;复数:多种疾病类型 She was ill and stayed at home.Poor hygiene leads to many illnesses. socialism n. 社会主义 social (adj. 社会的;社交的)society (n. 社会;社团)socialist (n./adj. 社会主义者;社会主义的) 形容词:社会相关的;名词:社会 / 信仰者 We should care about social issues.Modern society relies on technology.He is a socialist who advocates equality. habit n. 习惯 habitual (adj. 习惯性的;惯常的)habituate (v. 使习惯于;养成习惯) 形容词:表习惯性;动词:养成习惯的动作 He is a habitual coffee drinker.It takes time to habituate to a new schedule. hardly adv. 几乎不;几乎没有 hard (adj. 坚硬的;困难的)hard (adv. 努力地;猛烈地) 形容词:表物体属性 / 难度;副词:表动作程度 The ice is hard enough to walk on.She works hard to achieve her goals. totally adv. 全部地;整个地 total (adj. 总的;全部的)total (n. 总数;合计) 形容词:表整体的;名词:数量总和 The total cost is 500 yuan.Add the numbers to get the total. telephone n. 电话 telephone (v. 打电话)telephonic (adj. 电话的;用电话的) 动词:通讯动作;形容词:与电话相关的 I will telephone you after the meeting.We had a telephonic conversation. tube n. 管;管子 tube (v. 装管;用管输送)tubular (adj. 管状的) 动词:安装管道的动作;形容词:管状的形态 They tubed water from the well.The plant has tubular flowers. bone n. 骨头 bony (adj. 骨瘦如柴的;多骨的)boneless (adj. 无骨的) 形容词:描述体型 / 物体属性 The dog is bony after being lost.Boneless chicken is easy to cook. award v. 颁奖;n. 奖;奖品 awardee (n. 获奖者)awarding (v. 现在分词 颁发) 名词:获奖的人;现在分词:颁奖的动作 The awardee gave a thank-you speech.The committee is awarding prizes today. mould n. 霉;霉菌;v. 塑造 mouldy (adj. 发霉的;霉烂的)mold (美式拼写 n./v. 霉;塑造) 形容词:物体发霉的状态;美式拼写变体 The bread went mouldy in the damp room.She used clay to mold a vase. bacteria n.(pl.) 细菌 bacterium (n. 单数 细菌)bacterial (adj. 细菌的;由细菌引起的) 单数形式:单个细菌;形容词:细菌相关的 A single bacterium can multiply quickly.He has a bacterial infection. treat v. 医治;治疗 treatment (n. 治疗;疗法)treatable (adj. 可治疗的;可医治的) 名词:治疗的过程 / 方案;形容词:可被治疗的 The doctor recommended a new treatment.Early-stage cancer is treatable. serious adj. 严重的;严肃的 seriously (adv. 严重地;严肃地)seriousness (n. 严重性;严肃) 副词:修饰动作程度;名词:严重的性质 He was seriously injured in the accident.We must realize the seriousness of the problem. medical adj. 医学的;医疗的 medicine (n. 药;医学)medically (adv. 医学上;医疗上) 名词:药物 / 医学领域;副词:医学层面上 Take this medicine three times a day.Medically, this treatment is safe. volunteer v. 自愿做;n. 志愿者 voluntary (adj. 自愿的;志愿的)volunteering (n. 志愿活动) 形容词:表自愿的属性;名词:志愿相关的活动 She does voluntary work at the hospital.Volunteering helps build character. 词块/短语搭配 序号 短语或句型 例句 1. by accident 偶然;意外地 He discovered the rare stone by accident while hiking. 2. to one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是 To my surprise, the old invention still works well. 3. turn ... into 使…… 变成 Scientists turned the new material into a useful tool. 4. light up 使…… 变亮;启发 The new idea lit up his mind when he read the ancient book. 5. keep in touch 保持联系 We can keep in touch through video calls even far apart. 6. make a discovery 做出发现 The scientist's hard work led him to make an important discovery. 7. ancient inventions 古代发明 Ancient inventions like the compass changed the world. 8. space exploration 太空探索 Space exploration helps us learn more about the universe. 9. develop the economy 发展经济 New technologies help develop the local economy. 10. raw materials 原材料 The factory imports raw materials from other countries. 11. during the war 在战争期间 Many inventions were created during the war for military use. 12. prevent illness 预防疾病 Eating healthy food can help prevent illness. 13. form a habit 养成习惯 It's never too late to form a good reading habit. 14. hardly ever 几乎从不 He hardly ever watches TV on weekdays. 15. totally agree 完全同意 I totally agree that the light bulb is a great invention. 16. make a telephone call 打电话 She made a telephone call to confirm the meeting time. 17. take an X-ray 拍 X 光 The doctor asked him to take an X-ray of his chest. 18. win an award 获奖 She won an award for her invention in the science competition. 19. harmful bacteria 有害细菌 Washing hands can kill harmful bacteria. 20. life-saving medicine 救命药 Penicillin is a life-saving medicine for many infections. 21. treat a patient 治疗病人 The doctor spent hours treating the seriously ill patient. 22. serious illness 重病 The new drug can treat some serious illnesses. 23. medical care 医疗护理 People in rural areas need better medical care. 24. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 Many students volunteered to clean the community. 25. in one's spare time 在某人空闲时间 He likes to read science books in his spare time. 26. spare time 空闲时间 What do you usually do in your spare time? 27. the course of medicine 医学进程 The discovery of antibiotics changed the course of medicine. 28. be curious about 对…… 好奇 Children are always curious about new inventions. 29. succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 They succeeded in inventing a new energy-saving device. 30. thanks to 多亏;由于 Thanks to his invention, we live a more convenient life. 31. in daily life 在日常生活中 Inventions like the smartphone are widely used in daily life. 32. at the end of 在…… 结束时 At the end of the lecture, the inventor answered questions. 33. in short 简而言之 In short, great inventions improve our quality of life. 34. for example 例如 Many inventions, for example, the Internet, connect people worldwide. 35. such as 比如 Ancient China had many great inventions such as papermaking. 36. what's more 而且 The new car is fast; what's more, it's environmentally friendly. 37. in conclusion 总之 In conclusion, curiosity leads to great inventions and discoveries. 38. be covered in 被…… 覆盖 The old books were covered in dust. 39. pass through 穿过;透过 X-rays can pass through many solid objects. 40. stop ... from doing sth. 阻止…… 做某事 The mould stopped the bacteria from growing. 重点词汇精讲 1. discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/n. 发现;发觉 例句:The discovery of penicillin is one of the most important medical breakthroughs.(青霉素的发现是医学史上最重要的突破之一。) 拓展:派生词 discover(v. 发现)、discoverer(n. 发现者),核心搭配 make a discovery(做出发现)、the discovery of(…… 的发现),复数形式为 discoveries。 2. ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/adj. 古代的;古老的 例句:Many ancient inventions show the wisdom of our ancestors.(许多古代发明展现了祖先的智慧。) 拓展:派生词 anciently(adv. 古代地)、antiquity(n. 古代;古物),常用搭配 ancient civilizations(古代文明)、ancient inventions(古代发明),反义词为 modern(现代的)。 3. exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/n. 探索;勘查 例句:Space exploration has opened up new possibilities for human beings.(太空探索为人类开辟了新的可能。) 拓展:派生词 explore(v. 探索)、explorer(n. 探险家),不可数名词,搭配 space exploration(太空探索)、exploration of nature(自然探索)。 4. invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/n. 发明;发明物 例句:The computer is a great invention that changes people's work and life.(电脑是一项改变人们工作和生活的伟大发明。)拓展:派生词 inventor(n. 发明家)、invent(v. 发明),核心搭配 great invention(伟大发明)、practical invention(实用发明)。 5. excite /ɪkˈsaɪt/v. 使激动;使兴奋 例句:The news of the new invention excited all the scientists in the lab.(这项新发明的消息让实验室里所有科学家都很兴奋。) 拓展:派生词 excited(adj. 感到兴奋的,修饰人)、exciting(adj. 令人兴奋的,修饰物)、excitement(n. 兴奋),必考点为 -ed 与 -ing 形容词的用法区别。 6. treat /triːt/v. 医治;治疗 例句:Doctors use this new medicine to treat patients with malaria.(医生用这种新药治疗疟疾患者。) 拓展:派生词 treatment(n. 治疗;疗法)、treatable(adj. 可治疗的),常用搭配 treat a patient(治疗病人)、treat an illness(治疗疾病)。 7. serious /ˈsɪəriəs/adj. 严重的;严肃的 例句:The serious pollution problem needs immediate action. (这个严重的污染问题需要立即采取行动。) 拓展:派生词 seriously(adv. 严重地;严肃地)、seriousness(n. 严重性),搭配 serious illness(重病)、serious problem(严重的问题),反义词为 minor(轻微的)。 8. medical /ˈmedɪkl/adj. 医学的;医疗的 例句:She dreams of working in the medical field to help sick people.(她梦想在医疗领域工作,帮助病人。)拓展:派生词 medicine(n. 药;医学)、medically(adv. 医学上),核心搭配 medical care(医疗护理)、medical treatment(医疗治疗)、medical books(医书)。 9. volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/v. 自愿做;n. 志愿者 例句:Many volunteers volunteered to help test the new medical equipment.(许多志愿者自愿帮助测试新的医疗设备。) 拓展:派生词 voluntary(adj. 自愿的)、volunteering(n. 志愿活动),搭配 volunteer to do sth.(自愿做某事)、volunteer work(志愿工作)。 10. hardly /ˈhɑːdli/adv. 几乎不;几乎没有 例句:He was so busy that he hardly had time to rest.(他太忙了,几乎没有时间休息。) 拓展:否定副词,与 hard(adj. 坚硬的;adv. 努力地)含义完全不同,高频易错点,搭配 hardly ever(几乎从不)、hardly believe(几乎不敢相信)。 11. totally /ˈtəʊtəli/adv. 全部地;整个地 例句:I totally support his decision to develop new green inventions.(我完全支持他研发新型绿色发明的决定。) 拓展:派生词 total(adj. 总的;n. 总数),修饰动词或形容词,常用搭配 totally agree(完全同意)、totally different(完全不同)。 12. by accident 偶然;意外地 例句:Fleming discovered penicillin by accident when he forgot to clean his lab.(弗莱明忘记清理实验室,偶然发现了青霉素。) 拓展:固定短语,不可拆开,近义词 by chance,反义词 on purpose(故意地),写作高频短语。 13. turn ... into 使…… 变成 例句:The inventor turned his creative idea into a practical product.(这位发明家把他的创意想法变成了实用产品。) 拓展:必考短语,代词需放在 turn 和 into 中间,搭配 turn waste into treasure(变废为宝)、turn an idea into reality(把想法变成现实)。 14. to one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是 例句:To our surprise, the simple invention solved the difficult problem.(令我们惊讶的是,这个简单的发明解决了这个难题。) 拓展:写作高频开头短语,后接完整句子,如 to my surprise(令我惊讶的是)、to their surprise(令他们惊讶的是)。 15. keep in touch 保持联系 例句:Modern inventions like the telephone help people keep in touch easily.(电话等现代发明帮助人们轻松保持联系。)拓展:固定短语,近义词 stay in contact,搭配 keep in touch with sb.(与某人保持联系)。 词汇巩固训练 (一)根据汉语释义,写出英文单词、音标及词性(基础默写) 要求:完整写出单词、国际音标和词性,每空 1 分,共 10 分 1. 发现;发觉 ________________________ 2. 古代的;古老的 ________________________ 3. 探索;勘查 ________________________ 4. 发明;发明物 ________________________ 5. 医治;治疗 ________________________ 6. 医学的;医疗的 ________________________ 7. 志愿者;自愿做 ________________________ 8. 几乎不;几乎没有 ________________________ 9. 偶然;意外地 ________________________ 10. 使…… 变成 ________________________ (二)单项选择题(词义辨析 + 固定搭配) 要求:从 A、B、C、D 中选出最佳答案,将序号填在括号内,每小题 1 分,共 10 分 1. The ________ of the new energy car has changed the way people travel. ( )A. discover B. discovery C. invent D. invention 2. Many ________ civilizations made great contributions to science. ( )A. ancient B. modern C. new D. recent 3. Scientists spent years ________ the deep sea and found many new species. ( )A. explore B. exploring C. exploration D. explorer 4. The news about the medical breakthrough made everyone ________. ( )A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitement 5. Doctors are trying their best to ________ the patients with serious illnesses. ( )A. treat B. treatment C. treatable D. curing 6. He ________ believes that curiosity leads to great discoveries. ( )A. total B. totally C. complete D. completely 7. The great inventor ________ the new material into a useful tool by accident. ( )A. turned B. changed C. made D. got 8. ________ my surprise, this 2000-year-old invention still works well. ( )A. To B. For C. With D. In 9. We can ________ with friends easily through smartphones. ( )A. keep in touch B. get in touch C. lose touch D. touch with 10. He was so focused on his invention that he ________ noticed the time. ( )A. hard B. hardly C. nearly D. almost (三)用所给单词的适当形式填空(词性转换专项) 要求:根据句意变换单词形式,每空 1 分,共 10 分 1. The ________ (discover) of X-rays helped doctors see inside the human body. 2. Many ________ (explore) lost their lives during the exploration of unknown lands. 3. The children were ________ (excite) to visit the invention museum. 4. This new drug can help ________ (treatment) many kinds of illnesses. 5. She is a ________ (volunteer) who does voluntary work at the hospital every weekend. 6. The ________ (economy) development of the country depends on technological inventions. 7. The ________ (serious) of the environmental problem made scientists develop green inventions. 8. ________ (medical) speaking, this invention is safe and effective for patients. 9. He ________ (total) agrees that the wheel is one of the greatest ancient inventions. 10. The ________ (invent) of the computer has greatly changed people's lives. (四)英汉互译(单词 + 短语 + 短句) 要求:精准翻译,每空 1 分,共 10 分 1. 救命药 ________________________ 2. 养成习惯 ________________________ 3. 医疗护理 ________________________ 4. 自愿做某事 ________________________ 5. 令我们惊讶的是 ________________________ 6. by accident ________________________ 7. turn ... into ________________________ 8. keep in touch ________________________ 9. ancient inventions ________________________ 10. medical books ________________________ (五)语境选词填空(从词库选词,可变形) 要求:每词限用一次,必要时变换形式,每空 1 分,共 10 分 词库:discover, ancient, explore, excite, treat, volunteer, totally, turn, serious, hardly 1. Scientists ________ a new kind of material that can save energy. 2. ________ people created many amazing inventions with their wisdom. 3. They plan to ________ the Amazon rainforest to find new plants for medicine. 4. The news of the successful experiment ________ all the researchers. 5. Doctors are trying their best to ________ the patients with rare diseases. 6. Many students ________ to help clean the invention exhibition hall. 7. I ________ support the idea of developing environmentally friendly inventions. 8. We can ________ waste materials into useful products through technology. 9. The ________ pollution problem requires new inventions to solve. 10. He was so busy with his invention that he ________ had time to eat. 背默清单 (一)核心名词(30 个) 单词 音标 释义 单词 音标 释义 /dɪˈskʌvəri/ 发现;发觉 /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ 探索;勘查 /wiːl/ 轮子;车轮 /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ 经济 /məˈtɪəriəl/ 材料;原料 /ˈfɪʃnet/ 渔网 /wɔː(r)/ 战争 /ˈɪlnəs/ 疾病 /ˈhæbɪt/ 习惯 /ˈtelɪfəʊn/ 电话 /tjuːb/ 管;管子 /bəʊn/ 骨头 /ˈeks reɪ/ X 射线;X 光 /əˈwɔːd/ 奖;奖品 /sɜː(r)/ 爵士;先生 /məʊld/ 霉;霉菌 /bækˈtɪəriə/ 细菌 /kɔːs/ 进程;课程 /məˈleəriə/ 疟疾 /ˈmedsn/ 药;医学 /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ 志愿者 /ɪnˈvenʃn/ 发明;发明物 /ɪnˈventə(r)/ 发明家 /ˈtriːtmənt/ 治疗;疗法 /səˈsaɪəti/ 社会 /ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm/ 社会主义 /ɪˈkɒnəmɪst/ 经济学家 /ɪkˈsplɔːrə(r)/ 探险家 /dɪˈskʌvərə(r)/ 发现者 /ˈwɔːlɔːd/ 军阀 /ˈfɪʃəmən/ 渔民;渔夫 /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/ 兴奋;激动 (二)核心动词(25 个) 单词 音标 释义 单词 音标 释义 /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/ 发现;发觉 /ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/ 探索;勘查 /wiːl/ 转动;旋转 /məˈtɪəriəlaɪz/ 实现;成为现实 /ɪkˈsaɪt/ 使激动;使兴奋 /triːt/ 医治;治疗 /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ 自愿做;义务做 /ˈtelɪfəʊn/ 打电话 /tjuːb/ 装管;用管输送 /məʊld/ 塑造;浇铸 /ˈkɔːsɪŋ/ 流动;快速移动 /həˈbɪtʃueɪt/ 使习惯于;养成习惯 /fɪʃ/ 钓鱼;捕鱼 /tɜːn/ 使变成;转动 /laɪt ʌp/ 使变亮;启发 /kiːp ɪn tʌtʃ/ 保持联系 /wɪn/ 赢得;获得 /əˈwɔːd/ 颁奖;授予 /ɪnˈvent/ 发明;创造 /dɪˈveləp/ 发展;研发 /sɒlv/ 解决 /kriˈeɪt/ 创造;创作 /səˈpɔːt/ 支持;支撑 /səkˈsiːd/ 成功;达成 /ɪmˈpruːv/ 改善;提高 (三)核心形容词(25 个) 单词 音标 释义 单词 音标 释义 /ˈeɪnʃənt/ 古代的;古老的 /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ 经济的;经济学的 /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkl/ 节约的;经济实惠的 /məˈtɪəriəl/ 物质的;重要的 /ˈwɔːlaɪk/ 好战的;有战争危险的 /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/ 感到兴奋的;激动的 /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/ 令人兴奋的;激动人心的 /ɪl/ 生病的;不健康的 /ˈsəʊʃl/ 社会的;社交的 /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/ 社会主义的 /həˈbɪtʃuəl/ 习惯性的;惯常的 /ˈbəʊni/ 骨瘦如柴的;多骨的 /ˈbəʊnləs/ 无骨的 /ˈməʊldi/ 发霉的;霉烂的 /bækˈtɪəriəl/ 细菌的;由细菌引起的 /ˈlaɪf seɪvɪŋ/ 救命的;救生的 /ˈsɪəriəs/ 严重的;严肃的 /ˈtriːtəbl/ 可治疗的;可医治的 /ˈmedɪkl/ 医学的;医疗的 /ˈvɒləntri/ 自愿的;志愿的 /ˈspeərɪŋ/ 节约的;吝啬的 /ˈpræktɪkl/ 实用的;实际的 /ˈmɒdn/ 现代的;近代的 /ˈjuːsfl/ 有用的;有益的 /kriˈeɪtɪv/ 创造性的;有创意的 (四)核心副词(15 个) 单词 音标 释义 单词 音标 释义 /ˈeɪnʃəntli/ 古代地;远古地 /ˈhɑːdli/ 几乎不;几乎没有 /ˈtəʊtəli/ 全部地;整个地 /ˈsɪəriəsli/ 严重地;严肃地 /ˈmedɪkli/ 医学上;医疗上 /ˈspeəli/ 节约地;少量地 /ˈɡreɪtli/ 非常;大大地 /ˈwaɪdli/ 广泛地;普遍地 /səkˈsesfəli/ 成功地;顺利地 /ˈkwɪkli/ 快速地;迅速地 /ˈiːzəli/ 容易地;轻易地 /ˈkeəfəli/ 仔细地;认真地 /ˌvɒlənˈteərɪli/ 自愿地;主动地 /ˌæksɪˈdentəli/ 偶然地;意外地 /ˈpɜːpəsli/ 故意地;有意地 第 1 页 共 18 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries单元词汇讲与练 读单词识词义 单元核心词汇表(含词性、音标、中文释义) 单词(含词性音标) 中文释义 单词(含词性音标) 中文释义 1. discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现;发觉 2. ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ adj. 古代的;古老的 3. BCE /ˌbiː siː ˈiː/ abbr. 公元前(=before the Common Era) 4. CE /ˌsiː ˈiː/ abbr. 公元(=Common Era) 5. exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ n. 探索;勘查 6. wheel /wiːl/ n./v. 轮子;车轮;转动;旋转 7. economy /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ n. 经济 8. material /məˈtɪəriəl/ n./adj. 材料;原料;物质的;重要的 9. fishnet /ˈfɪʃnet/ n. 渔网 10. war /wɔː(r)/ n. 战争 11. excite /ɪkˈsaɪt/ v. 使激动;使兴奋 12. illness /ˈɪlnəs/ n. (身体或精神上的)疾病,病 13. socialism /ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm/ n. 社会主义 14. habit /ˈhæbɪt/ n. 习惯 15. hardly /ˈhɑːdli/ adv. 几乎不;几乎没有 16. totally /ˈtəʊtəli/ adv. 全部地;整个地 17. telephone /ˈtelɪfəʊn/ n./v. 电话;打电话 18. tube /tjuːb/ n./v. (金属 / 塑料 / 橡皮制)管;装管;用管输送 19. bone /bəʊn/ n. 骨头 20. X-ray /ˈeks reɪ/ n. X 射线;X 光 21. award /əˈwɔːd/ v./n. 颁奖;奖;奖品 22. sir /sɜː(r)/ n. 爵士;(对不认识男性的尊称)先生 23. mould /məʊld/ n./v. 霉;霉菌;塑造;浇铸 24. bacteria /bækˈtɪəriə/ n.(pl.) 细菌(单数:bacterium) 25. course /kɔːs/ n./v. 进程;课程;流动;跑过 26. treat /triːt/ v. 医治;治疗 27. serious /ˈsɪəriəs/ adj. 严重的;严肃的 28. malaria /məˈleəriə/ n. 疟疾 29. medical /ˈmedɪkl/ adj. 医学的;医疗的 30. volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ v./n. 自愿做;义务做;志愿者 31. herself /hɜːˈself/ pron. (女性反身代词)她自己 32. spare /speə(r)/ adj./v. 空闲的;抽出;匀出 33. discover /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/ v. 发现;发觉 34. discoverer /dɪˈskʌvərə(r)/ n. 发现者 35. anciently /ˈeɪnʃəntli/ adv. 古代地;远古地 36. explore /ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/ v. 探索;勘查 37. explorer /ɪkˈsplɔːrə(r)/ n. 探险家;探索者 38. wheeled /wiːld/ adj. 有轮的 39. economic /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ adj. 经济的;经济学的 40. economical /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkl/ adj. 节约的;经济实惠的 41. economist /ɪˈkɒnəmɪst/ n. 经济学家 42. materialize /məˈtɪəriəlaɪz/ v. 实现;成为现实 43. fisherman /ˈfɪʃəmən/ n. 渔民;渔夫 44. fishermen /ˈfɪʃəmən/ n.(pl.) 渔民;渔夫 45. warlike /ˈwɔːlaɪk/ adj. 好战的;有战争危险的 46. warlord /ˈwɔːlɔːd/ n. 军阀 47. excited /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/ adj. 感到兴奋的;激动的 48. exciting /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/ adj. 令人兴奋的;激动人心的 49. excitement /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/ n. 兴奋;激动 50. ill /ɪl/ adj. 生病的;不健康的 51. social /ˈsəʊʃl/ adj. 社会的;社交的 52. society /səˈsaɪəti/ n. 社会;社团 53. socialist /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/ n./adj. 社会主义者;社会主义的 54. habitual /həˈbɪtʃuəl/ adj. 习惯性的;惯常的 55. habituate /həˈbɪtʃueɪt/ v. 使习惯于;养成习惯 56. hard /hɑːd/ adj./adv. 坚硬的;困难的;努力地;猛烈地 57. total /ˈtəʊtl/ adj./n. 总的;全部的;总数;合计 58. telephonic /ˌtelɪˈfɒnɪk/ adj. 电话的;用电话的 59. tubular /ˈtjuːbjələ(r)/ adj. 管状的 60. bony /ˈbəʊni/ adj. 骨瘦如柴的;多骨的 61. boneless /ˈbəʊnləs/ adj. 无骨的 62. awardee /ˌəwɔːˈdiː/ n. 获奖者 63. mouldy /ˈməʊldi/ adj. 发霉的;霉烂的 64. bacterial /bækˈtɪəriəl/ adj. 细菌的;由细菌引起的 65. life-saving /ˈlaɪf seɪvɪŋ/ adj. 救命的;救生的 66. coursing /ˈkɔːsɪŋ/ v. (现在分词)流动;快速移动 67. treatment /ˈtriːtmənt/ n. 治疗;疗法 68. treatable /ˈtriːtəbl/ adj. 可治疗的;可医治的 69. seriously /ˈsɪəriəsli/ adv. 严重地;严肃地 70. seriousness /ˈsɪəriəsnəs/ n. 严重性;严肃 71. malaria l /məˈleəriəl/ adj. 疟疾的;患疟疾的 72. medicine /ˈmedsn/ n. 药;医学 73. medically /ˈmedɪkli/ adv. 医学上;医疗上 74. voluntary /ˈvɒləntri/ adj. 自愿的;志愿的 75. volunteering /ˌvɒlənˈtɪərɪŋ/ n. 志愿活动 76. sparing /ˈspeərɪŋ/ adj. 节约的;吝啬的 77. sparely /ˈspeəli/ adv. 节约地;少量地 78. inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/ n. 发明家 79. invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明;发明物 80. practical /ˈpræktɪkl/ adj. 实用的;实际的 核心词汇形转 原词 词性 转换形式 释义 / 用法 例句 / 搭配 discovery n. 发现;发觉 discover (v. 发现;发觉)discoverer (n. 发现者) 动词:发现事物;名词:发现者 Scientists discover new species every year.Columbus is the discoverer of the New World. ancient adj. 古代的;古老的 anciently (adv. 古代地;远古地)antiquity (n. 古代;古物) 副词:表时间属性;名词:古代时期 / 古物 This custom was anciently practiced in Asia.We studied the antiquities of ancient Egypt. exploration n. 探索;勘查 explore (v. 探索;勘查)explorer (n. 探险家;探索者) 动词:主动探索动作;名词:执行探索的人 They plan to explore the deep sea.The explorer crossed the desert alone. wheel n. 轮子;车轮 wheel (v. 转动;旋转)wheeled (adj. 有轮的) 动词:物体旋转动作;形容词:带有轮子的 She wheeled her suitcase through the airport.Wheeled chairs are convenient for the disabled. economy n. 经济 economic (adj. 经济的;经济学的)economical (adj. 节约的;经济实惠的)economist (n. 经济学家) 形容词:经济相关的 / 节约的;名词:研究经济的人 The country faces economic challenges.Buying in bulk is more economical.The economist predicted growth in GDP. material n. 材料;原料 material (adj. 物质的;重要的)materialize (v. 实现;成为现实) 形容词:表属性;动词:想法等变为现实 We need material evidence for the case.Her dream of being a doctor materialized. excite v. 使激动;使兴奋 excited (adj. 感到兴奋的)exciting (adj. 令人兴奋的)excitement (n. 兴奋;激动) -ed 形容词:修饰人;-ing 形容词:修饰物;名词:兴奋的情绪 The children were excited about the trip.It was an exciting football match.The crowd cheered with excitement. illness n. 疾病 ill (adj. 生病的;不健康的)illnesses (n.pl. 各种疾病) 形容词:描述人体状态;复数:多种疾病类型 She was ill and stayed at home.Poor hygiene leads to many illnesses. socialism n. 社会主义 social (adj. 社会的;社交的)society (n. 社会;社团)socialist (n./adj. 社会主义者;社会主义的) 形容词:社会相关的;名词:社会 / 信仰者 We should care about social issues.Modern society relies on technology.He is a socialist who advocates equality. habit n. 习惯 habitual (adj. 习惯性的;惯常的)habituate (v. 使习惯于;养成习惯) 形容词:表习惯性;动词:养成习惯的动作 He is a habitual coffee drinker.It takes time to habituate to a new schedule. hardly adv. 几乎不;几乎没有 hard (adj. 坚硬的;困难的)hard (adv. 努力地;猛烈地) 形容词:表物体属性 / 难度;副词:表动作程度 The ice is hard enough to walk on.She works hard to achieve her goals. totally adv. 全部地;整个地 total (adj. 总的;全部的)total (n. 总数;合计) 形容词:表整体的;名词:数量总和 The total cost is 500 yuan.Add the numbers to get the total. telephone n. 电话 telephone (v. 打电话)telephonic (adj. 电话的;用电话的) 动词:通讯动作;形容词:与电话相关的 I will telephone you after the meeting.We had a telephonic conversation. tube n. 管;管子 tube (v. 装管;用管输送)tubular (adj. 管状的) 动词:安装管道的动作;形容词:管状的形态 They tubed water from the well.The plant has tubular flowers. bone n. 骨头 bony (adj. 骨瘦如柴的;多骨的)boneless (adj. 无骨的) 形容词:描述体型 / 物体属性 The dog is bony after being lost.Boneless chicken is easy to cook. award v. 颁奖;n. 奖;奖品 awardee (n. 获奖者)awarding (v. 现在分词 颁发) 名词:获奖的人;现在分词:颁奖的动作 The awardee gave a thank-you speech.The committee is awarding prizes today. mould n. 霉;霉菌;v. 塑造 mouldy (adj. 发霉的;霉烂的)mold (美式拼写 n./v. 霉;塑造) 形容词:物体发霉的状态;美式拼写变体 The bread went mouldy in the damp room.She used clay to mold a vase. bacteria n.(pl.) 细菌 bacterium (n. 单数 细菌)bacterial (adj. 细菌的;由细菌引起的) 单数形式:单个细菌;形容词:细菌相关的 A single bacterium can multiply quickly.He has a bacterial infection. treat v. 医治;治疗 treatment (n. 治疗;疗法)treatable (adj. 可治疗的;可医治的) 名词:治疗的过程 / 方案;形容词:可被治疗的 The doctor recommended a new treatment.Early-stage cancer is treatable. serious adj. 严重的;严肃的 seriously (adv. 严重地;严肃地)seriousness (n. 严重性;严肃) 副词:修饰动作程度;名词:严重的性质 He was seriously injured in the accident.We must realize the seriousness of the problem. medical adj. 医学的;医疗的 medicine (n. 药;医学)medically (adv. 医学上;医疗上) 名词:药物 / 医学领域;副词:医学层面上 Take this medicine three times a day.Medically, this treatment is safe. volunteer v. 自愿做;n. 志愿者 voluntary (adj. 自愿的;志愿的)volunteering (n. 志愿活动) 形容词:表自愿的属性;名词:志愿相关的活动 She does voluntary work at the hospital.Volunteering helps build character. 词块/短语搭配 序号 短语或句型 例句 1. by accident 偶然;意外地 He discovered the rare stone by accident while hiking. 2. to one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是 To my surprise, the old invention still works well. 3. turn ... into 使…… 变成 Scientists turned the new material into a useful tool. 4. light up 使…… 变亮;启发 The new idea lit up his mind when he read the ancient book. 5. keep in touch 保持联系 We can keep in touch through video calls even far apart. 6. make a discovery 做出发现 The scientist's hard work led him to make an important discovery. 7. ancient inventions 古代发明 Ancient inventions like the compass changed the world. 8. space exploration 太空探索 Space exploration helps us learn more about the universe. 9. develop the economy 发展经济 New technologies help develop the local economy. 10. raw materials 原材料 The factory imports raw materials from other countries. 11. during the war 在战争期间 Many inventions were created during the war for military use. 12. prevent illness 预防疾病 Eating healthy food can help prevent illness. 13. form a habit 养成习惯 It's never too late to form a good reading habit. 14. hardly ever 几乎从不 He hardly ever watches TV on weekdays. 15. totally agree 完全同意 I totally agree that the light bulb is a great invention. 16. make a telephone call 打电话 She made a telephone call to confirm the meeting time. 17. take an X-ray 拍 X 光 The doctor asked him to take an X-ray of his chest. 18. win an award 获奖 She won an award for her invention in the science competition. 19. harmful bacteria 有害细菌 Washing hands can kill harmful bacteria. 20. life-saving medicine 救命药 Penicillin is a life-saving medicine for many infections. 21. treat a patient 治疗病人 The doctor spent hours treating the seriously ill patient. 22. serious illness 重病 The new drug can treat some serious illnesses. 23. medical care 医疗护理 People in rural areas need better medical care. 24. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 Many students volunteered to clean the community. 25. in one's spare time 在某人空闲时间 He likes to read science books in his spare time. 26. spare time 空闲时间 What do you usually do in your spare time? 27. the course of medicine 医学进程 The discovery of antibiotics changed the course of medicine. 28. be curious about 对…… 好奇 Children are always curious about new inventions. 29. succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 They succeeded in inventing a new energy-saving device. 30. thanks to 多亏;由于 Thanks to his invention, we live a more convenient life. 31. in daily life 在日常生活中 Inventions like the smartphone are widely used in daily life. 32. at the end of 在…… 结束时 At the end of the lecture, the inventor answered questions. 33. in short 简而言之 In short, great inventions improve our quality of life. 34. for example 例如 Many inventions, for example, the Internet, connect people worldwide. 35. such as 比如 Ancient China had many great inventions such as papermaking. 36. what's more 而且 The new car is fast; what's more, it's environmentally friendly. 37. in conclusion 总之 In conclusion, curiosity leads to great inventions and discoveries. 38. be covered in 被…… 覆盖 The old books were covered in dust. 39. pass through 穿过;透过 X-rays can pass through many solid objects. 40. stop ... from doing sth. 阻止…… 做某事 The mould stopped the bacteria from growing. 重点词汇精讲 1. discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/n. 发现;发觉 例句:The discovery of penicillin is one of the most important medical breakthroughs.(青霉素的发现是医学史上最重要的突破之一。) 拓展:派生词 discover(v. 发现)、discoverer(n. 发现者),核心搭配 make a discovery(做出发现)、the discovery of(…… 的发现),复数形式为 discoveries。 2. ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/adj. 古代的;古老的 例句:Many ancient inventions show the wisdom of our ancestors.(许多古代发明展现了祖先的智慧。) 拓展:派生词 anciently(adv. 古代地)、antiquity(n. 古代;古物),常用搭配 ancient civilizations(古代文明)、ancient inventions(古代发明),反义词为 modern(现代的)。 3. exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/n. 探索;勘查 例句:Space exploration has opened up new possibilities for human beings.(太空探索为人类开辟了新的可能。) 拓展:派生词 explore(v. 探索)、explorer(n. 探险家),不可数名词,搭配 space exploration(太空探索)、exploration of nature(自然探索)。 4. invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/n. 发明;发明物 例句:The computer is a great invention that changes people's work and life.(电脑是一项改变人们工作和生活的伟大发明。)拓展:派生词 inventor(n. 发明家)、invent(v. 发明),核心搭配 great invention(伟大发明)、practical invention(实用发明)。 5. excite /ɪkˈsaɪt/v. 使激动;使兴奋 例句:The news of the new invention excited all the scientists in the lab.(这项新发明的消息让实验室里所有科学家都很兴奋。) 拓展:派生词 excited(adj. 感到兴奋的,修饰人)、exciting(adj. 令人兴奋的,修饰物)、excitement(n. 兴奋),必考点为 -ed 与 -ing 形容词的用法区别。 6. treat /triːt/v. 医治;治疗 例句:Doctors use this new medicine to treat patients with malaria.(医生用这种新药治疗疟疾患者。) 拓展:派生词 treatment(n. 治疗;疗法)、treatable(adj. 可治疗的),常用搭配 treat a patient(治疗病人)、treat an illness(治疗疾病)。 7. serious /ˈsɪəriəs/adj. 严重的;严肃的 例句:The serious pollution problem needs immediate action. (这个严重的污染问题需要立即采取行动。) 拓展:派生词 seriously(adv. 严重地;严肃地)、seriousness(n. 严重性),搭配 serious illness(重病)、serious problem(严重的问题),反义词为 minor(轻微的)。 8. medical /ˈmedɪkl/adj. 医学的;医疗的 例句:She dreams of working in the medical field to help sick people.(她梦想在医疗领域工作,帮助病人。)拓展:派生词 medicine(n. 药;医学)、medically(adv. 医学上),核心搭配 medical care(医疗护理)、medical treatment(医疗治疗)、medical books(医书)。 9. volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/v. 自愿做;n. 志愿者 例句:Many volunteers volunteered to help test the new medical equipment.(许多志愿者自愿帮助测试新的医疗设备。) 拓展:派生词 voluntary(adj. 自愿的)、volunteering(n. 志愿活动),搭配 volunteer to do sth.(自愿做某事)、volunteer work(志愿工作)。 10. hardly /ˈhɑːdli/adv. 几乎不;几乎没有 例句:He was so busy that he hardly had time to rest.(他太忙了,几乎没有时间休息。) 拓展:否定副词,与 hard(adj. 坚硬的;adv. 努力地)含义完全不同,高频易错点,搭配 hardly ever(几乎从不)、hardly believe(几乎不敢相信)。 11. totally /ˈtəʊtəli/adv. 全部地;整个地 例句:I totally support his decision to develop new green inventions.(我完全支持他研发新型绿色发明的决定。) 拓展:派生词 total(adj. 总的;n. 总数),修饰动词或形容词,常用搭配 totally agree(完全同意)、totally different(完全不同)。 12. by accident 偶然;意外地 例句:Fleming discovered penicillin by accident when he forgot to clean his lab.(弗莱明忘记清理实验室,偶然发现了青霉素。) 拓展:固定短语,不可拆开,近义词 by chance,反义词 on purpose(故意地),写作高频短语。 13. turn ... into 使…… 变成 例句:The inventor turned his creative idea into a practical product.(这位发明家把他的创意想法变成了实用产品。) 拓展:必考短语,代词需放在 turn 和 into 中间,搭配 turn waste into treasure(变废为宝)、turn an idea into reality(把想法变成现实)。 14. to one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是 例句:To our surprise, the simple invention solved the difficult problem.(令我们惊讶的是,这个简单的发明解决了这个难题。) 拓展:写作高频开头短语,后接完整句子,如 to my surprise(令我惊讶的是)、to their surprise(令他们惊讶的是)。 15. keep in touch 保持联系 例句:Modern inventions like the telephone help people keep in touch easily.(电话等现代发明帮助人们轻松保持联系。)拓展:固定短语,近义词 stay in contact,搭配 keep in touch with sb.(与某人保持联系)。 词汇巩固训练 (一)根据汉语释义,写出英文单词、音标及词性(基础默写) 要求:完整写出单词、国际音标和词性,每空 1 分,共 10 分 1. 发现;发觉 ________________________ 2. 古代的;古老的 ________________________ 3. 探索;勘查 ________________________ 4. 发明;发明物 ________________________ 5. 医治;治疗 ________________________ 6. 医学的;医疗的 ________________________ 7. 志愿者;自愿做 ________________________ 8. 几乎不;几乎没有 ________________________ 9. 偶然;意外地 ________________________ 10. 使…… 变成 ________________________ (二)单项选择题(词义辨析 + 固定搭配) 要求:从 A、B、C、D 中选出最佳答案,将序号填在括号内,每小题 1 分,共 10 分 1. The ________ of the new energy car has changed the way people travel. ( )A. discover B. discovery C. invent D. invention 2. Many ________ civilizations made great contributions to science. ( )A. ancient B. modern C. new D. recent 3. Scientists spent years ________ the deep sea and found many new species. ( )A. explore B. exploring C. exploration D. explorer 4. The news about the medical breakthrough made everyone ________. ( )A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitement 5. Doctors are trying their best to ________ the patients with serious illnesses. ( )A. treat B. treatment C. treatable D. curing 6. He ________ believes that curiosity leads to great discoveries. ( )A. total B. totally C. complete D. completely 7. The great inventor ________ the new material into a useful tool by accident. ( )A. turned B. changed C. made D. got 8. ________ my surprise, this 2000-year-old invention still works well. ( )A. To B. For C. With D. In 9. We can ________ with friends easily through smartphones. ( )A. keep in touch B. get in touch C. lose touch D. touch with 10. He was so focused on his invention that he ________ noticed the time. ( )A. hard B. hardly C. nearly D. almost (三)用所给单词的适当形式填空(词性转换专项) 要求:根据句意变换单词形式,每空 1 分,共 10 分 1. The ________ (discover) of X-rays helped doctors see inside the human body. 2. Many ________ (explore) lost their lives during the exploration of unknown lands. 3. The children were ________ (excite) to visit the invention museum. 4. This new drug can help ________ (treatment) many kinds of illnesses. 5. She is a ________ (volunteer) who does voluntary work at the hospital every weekend. 6. The ________ (economy) development of the country depends on technological inventions. 7. The ________ (serious) of the environmental problem made scientists develop green inventions. 8. ________ (medical) speaking, this invention is safe and effective for patients. 9. He ________ (total) agrees that the wheel is one of the greatest ancient inventions. 10. The ________ (invent) of the computer has greatly changed people's lives. (四)英汉互译(单词 + 短语 + 短句) 要求:精准翻译,每空 1 分,共 10 分 1. 救命药 ________________________ 2. 养成习惯 ________________________ 3. 医疗护理 ________________________ 4. 自愿做某事 ________________________ 5. 令我们惊讶的是 ________________________ 6. by accident ________________________ 7. turn ... into ________________________ 8. keep in touch ________________________ 9. ancient inventions ________________________ 10. medical books ________________________ (五)语境选词填空(从词库选词,可变形) 要求:每词限用一次,必要时变换形式,每空 1 分,共 10 分 词库:discover, ancient, explore, excite, treat, volunteer, totally, turn, serious, hardly 1. Scientists ________ a new kind of material that can save energy. 2. ________ people created many amazing inventions with their wisdom. 3. They plan to ________ the Amazon rainforest to find new plants for medicine. 4. The news of the successful experiment ________ all the researchers. 5. Doctors are trying their best to ________ the patients with rare diseases. 6. Many students ________ to help clean the invention exhibition hall. 7. I ________ support the idea of developing environmentally friendly inventions. 8. We can ________ waste materials into useful products through technology. 9. The ________ pollution problem requires new inventions to solve. 10. He was so busy with his invention that he ________ had time to eat. 参考答案 (一)基础默写 1. discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 2. ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ adj. 3. exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ n. 4. invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 5. treat /triːt/ v. 6. medical /ˈmedɪkl/ adj. 7. volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ n./v. 8. hardly /ˈhɑːdli/ adv. 9. by accident /baɪ ˈæksɪdənt/ phrase 10. turn ... into /tɜːn ... ˈɪntuː/ phrase (二)单项选择 1.D 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.B (三)词性转换 1. discovery 2. explorers 3. excited 4. treat 5. volunteer 2. economic 7. seriousness 8. Medically 9. totally 10. invention (四)英汉互译 1. life-saving medicine 2. form a habit 3. medical care 4. volunteer to do sth. 5. to our surprise 2. 偶然;意外地 7. 使…… 变成 8. 保持联系 9. 古代发明 10. 医书 (五)语境选词 1. discovered 2. Ancient 3. explore 4. excited 5. treat 2. volunteered 7. totally 8. turn 9. serious 10. hardly 背默清单 (一)核心名词(30 个) 单词 音标 释义 单词 音标 释义 discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ 发现;发觉 exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ 探索;勘查 wheel /wiːl/ 轮子;车轮 economy /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ 经济 material /məˈtɪəriəl/ 材料;原料 fishnet /ˈfɪʃnet/ 渔网 war /wɔː(r)/ 战争 illness /ˈɪlnəs/ 疾病 habit /ˈhæbɪt/ 习惯 telephone /ˈtelɪfəʊn/ 电话 tube /tjuːb/ 管;管子 bone /bəʊn/ 骨头 X-ray /ˈeks reɪ/ X 射线;X 光 award /əˈwɔːd/ 奖;奖品 sir /sɜː(r)/ 爵士;先生 mould /məʊld/ 霉;霉菌 bacteria /bækˈtɪəriə/ 细菌 course /kɔːs/ 进程;课程 malaria /məˈleəriə/ 疟疾 medicine /ˈmedsn/ 药;医学 volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ 志愿者 invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ 发明;发明物 inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/ 发明家 treatment /ˈtriːtmənt/ 治疗;疗法 society /səˈsaɪəti/ 社会 socialism /ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm/ 社会主义 economist /ɪˈkɒnəmɪst/ 经济学家 explorer /ɪkˈsplɔːrə(r)/ 探险家 discoverer /dɪˈskʌvərə(r)/ 发现者 warlord /ˈwɔːlɔːd/ 军阀 fisherman /ˈfɪʃəmən/ 渔民;渔夫 excitement /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/ 兴奋;激动 (二)核心动词(25 个) 单词 音标 释义 单词 音标 释义 discover /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/ 发现;发觉 explore /ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/ 探索;勘查 wheel /wiːl/ 转动;旋转 materialize /məˈtɪəriəlaɪz/ 实现;成为现实 excite /ɪkˈsaɪt/ 使激动;使兴奋 treat /triːt/ 医治;治疗 volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ 自愿做;义务做 telephone /ˈtelɪfəʊn/ 打电话 tube /tjuːb/ 装管;用管输送 mould /məʊld/ 塑造;浇铸 coursing /ˈkɔːsɪŋ/ 流动;快速移动 habituate /həˈbɪtʃueɪt/ 使习惯于;养成习惯 fish /fɪʃ/ 钓鱼;捕鱼 turn /tɜːn/ 使变成;转动 light up /laɪt ʌp/ 使变亮;启发 keep in touch /kiːp ɪn tʌtʃ/ 保持联系 win /wɪn/ 赢得;获得 award /əˈwɔːd/ 颁奖;授予 invent /ɪnˈvent/ 发明;创造 develop /dɪˈveləp/ 发展;研发 solve /sɒlv/ 解决 create /kriˈeɪt/ 创造;创作 support /səˈpɔːt/ 支持;支撑 succeed /səkˈsiːd/ 成功;达成 improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ 改善;提高 (三)核心形容词(25 个) 单词 音标 释义 单词 音标 释义 ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ 古代的;古老的 economic /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ 经济的;经济学的 economical /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkl/ 节约的;经济实惠的 material /məˈtɪəriəl/ 物质的;重要的 warlike /ˈwɔːlaɪk/ 好战的;有战争危险的 excited /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/ 感到兴奋的;激动的 exciting /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/ 令人兴奋的;激动人心的 ill /ɪl/ 生病的;不健康的 social /ˈsəʊʃl/ 社会的;社交的 socialist /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/ 社会主义的 habitual /həˈbɪtʃuəl/ 习惯性的;惯常的 bony /ˈbəʊni/ 骨瘦如柴的;多骨的 boneless /ˈbəʊnləs/ 无骨的 mouldy /ˈməʊldi/ 发霉的;霉烂的 bacterial /bækˈtɪəriəl/ 细菌的;由细菌引起的 life-saving /ˈlaɪf seɪvɪŋ/ 救命的;救生的 serious /ˈsɪəriəs/ 严重的;严肃的 treatable /ˈtriːtəbl/ 可治疗的;可医治的 medical /ˈmedɪkl/ 医学的;医疗的 voluntary /ˈvɒləntri/ 自愿的;志愿的 sparing /ˈspeərɪŋ/ 节约的;吝啬的 practical /ˈpræktɪkl/ 实用的;实际的 modern /ˈmɒdn/ 现代的;近代的 useful /ˈjuːsfl/ 有用的;有益的 creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/ 创造性的;有创意的 (四)核心副词(15 个) 单词 音标 释义 单词 音标 释义 anciently /ˈeɪnʃəntli/ 古代地;远古地 hardly /ˈhɑːdli/ 几乎不;几乎没有 totally /ˈtəʊtəli/ 全部地;整个地 seriously /ˈsɪəriəsli/ 严重地;严肃地 medically /ˈmedɪkli/ 医学上;医疗上 sparely /ˈspeəli/ 节约地;少量地 greatly /ˈɡreɪtli/ 非常;大大地 widely /ˈwaɪdli/ 广泛地;普遍地 successfully /səkˈsesfəli/ 成功地;顺利地 quickly /ˈkwɪkli/ 快速地;迅速地 easily /ˈiːzəli/ 容易地;轻易地 carefully /ˈkeəfəli/ 仔细地;认真地 voluntarily /ˌvɒlənˈteərɪli/ 自愿地;主动地 accidentally /ˌæksɪˈdentəli/ 偶然地;意外地 purposely /ˈpɜːpəsli/ 故意地;有意地 第 1 页 共 18 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 单元词汇精讲巧练 -八年级英语下册单元整体优化精准练(新教材沪教版五四制)
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Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 单元词汇精讲巧练 -八年级英语下册单元整体优化精准练(新教材沪教版五四制)
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Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 单元词汇精讲巧练 -八年级英语下册单元整体优化精准练(新教材沪教版五四制)
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