精品解析：云南省怒江傈僳族自治州兰坪白族普米族自治县第一中学2025-2026学年高二下学期开学英语试题

高二英语开学考测试卷 考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分 注意事项： 1. 答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的学校、姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。 2. 请在答题卡指定位置按规定要求作答，答在试卷上一律无效。 第一部分 词汇(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 选出所给词汇的汉语意思 1. exchangeA. 改变 B. 交换 C. 零钱 2. nationalityA. 国籍 B. 国家 C. 国土 3. outgoingA. 出去 B. 在外面 C. 外向的 4. strategyA. 奇怪 B. 策略 C. 好奇 5. generationA. 普通 B. 基因 C. 一代（人） 6. sourceA. 来源 B. 课程 C. 希望 7. officialA. 官员 B. 办公室 C. 警察 8. flightA. 飞行员 B. 航班 C. 轻松 9. civilisationA. 文明 B. 城市 C. 恶魔 10. masterA. 必须 B. 面具 C. 精通 11. droughtA. 带走 B. 旱灾 C. 买 12. percentA. 百分之…… B. 平均 C. 硬币 13. contextA. 课文 B. 内容 C. 语境 14. nativeA. 国家 B. 本地人 C. 外地人 15. factorA. 工厂 B. 事实 C. 因素 第二节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 选出所给短语的汉语意义 16. make an impressionA. 创造 B. 开会 C. 留下印象 17. leave...aloneA. 不打扰；不惊动 B. 离开 C. 走开 18 sign up ( for sth)A. 报名（参加课程） B. 信号 C. 风景 19. addicted toA. 增加 B. 对……很入迷 C. 参加 20. apply forA. 申请 B. 运用 C. 适合 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A. B. C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A George Nakashima always insisted that he was a simple woodworker, not an artist. Even though major museums exhibited his works and the director of the American Craft Museum called him a national treasure, Mr.Nakashima rejected the label of an artist. For almost fifty years he simply went on shaping wood into beautiful chairs, tables, and cabinets. Nakashima had a clear goal. He intended each piece of furniture he made to be as perfect as possible. Even making a box was an act of creation, because it produced an object that had never existed before. Initially Nakashima used local wood, sometimes from his own property. Later, he travelled to seek out English oak, Persian walnut, African zebra wood and Indian teak. He especially liked to find giant roots that had been dug out of the ground after a tree was taken down. Nakashima felt that making this wood into furniture was a way of allowing the tree to live again. Most furniture makers prefer perfect boards, but Nakashima took pleasure in using wood with interesting knots (节疤) and cracks. These irregularities gave the wood personality and showed that the tree had lived a happy life. He never failed to create an object that was both useful and beautiful. One early piece Nakashima designed was a three­legged chair for his small daughter Mira to use when she sat at the table for meals. The Mira chair became so popular that Nakashima later made both low and high versions. Another famous piece, the Conoid chair, has two legs supported by blade­like feet.Always, Nakashima’s designs were precise and graceful, marked by simplicity that revealed his love for the wood. As the years passed, Nakashima’s reputation grew and his works received many awards. His children Mira and Kevin, now adults, joined the team of craftspeople in their father’s studio. Nakashima’s dream of integrating (合并) work and family has come true. 21. Which of the following best describes Nakashima? A. Generous and outgoing. B. Creative and modest. C. Capable and friendly. D. Honest and simple. 22. What can we learn about Nakashima from paragraph 4? A. He made chairs exclusively for his family. B. His chairs were of the same style. C. He loved his daughter Mira most. D. His works were mostly simple but beautiful. 23. Why was Nakashima called a national treasure? A. Because he loved both his work and family. B. Because the wood materials he used were precious. C. Because his works were of great artistic value. D. Because he spent most of his life making furniture. B Auguste Rodin spent the best part of four decades working on his masterpiece The Gates of Hell. The Mona Lisa, by contrast, took Leonardo da Vinci a mere 15 years or so. So we can only imagine what those masters would think of an up-and-coming artist who can knock out complex works in under two hours. Not least because she's a robot. Meet Ai-Da, the world's first robot artist to stage an exhibition, and, according to her creator, every bit as good as many of the abstract human painters working today. Named in honour of the pioneering female mathematician Ada Lovelace, the artificial intelligence（AI）machine can draw a portrait by sight, and compose an "extremely beautiful" painting rich with meaning. The humanoid machine can walk, talk and hold a pencil or brush. But it is Ai-Da's ability to teach itself new and ever more complicated means of creative expression that has set the art world excited. From a simple photograph, whether a bee or a tree, the robot has done abstract paintings warning of the fragility（脆弱性）of the environment that would look at home in a top modern gallery. "We just can't predict what she will do, what she's going to produce, what the limit of her output is," said Aidan Meller, who is in charge of the Unsecured Futures exhibition which opens on June 12. Meller is clear that his goal is not to replace human artists. Rather, he compares the rise of AI art to the coming of photography. "In the 1850 s everyone thought photography would replace art and artists, but actually it became a new style bringing many new jobs." he said. "We are looking forward to the conversation Ai-Da brings.in audiences," said Lucy Seal, researcher for the project. "A measure of her artistic potential and success will be the discussion she inspires. Engaging people so that we feel empowered to re-imagine our attitudes to organic life and our futures is a major aim of the project. 24. Why does the author mention Auguste Rodin and da Vinci? A. To support an idea. B. To make a prediction. C. To make a contrast. D. To analyze characters. 25. What does "look at home" in Para. 5 mean? A. Look familiar. B. Fit perfectly. C. Make it at home. D. Feel comfortable. 26. What is the purpose of the creation of Ai-Da? A. To improve painting skills. B. To enrich contemporary art forms. C. To measure the potential of art. D. To inspire different views on human life. 27. What is the main idea of the text? A. A robot artist has achieved success. B. An AI artist draws in pen and brush. C. A robot artist will replace human artists. D. An AI artist will take the art world by storm. C All human societies play games. Kicking a ball can be found everywhere whether the ball is just a ball of cloth, or a skin stuffed with feathers or air. But complex games and team sports have tended to arise in big civilizations — the higher the cultural level of a society is, the greater the complexity of the interaction is, and hence perhaps the more complex the forms of sports are. This is not always the case. The ancient Greeks, for example, preferred the individual rather than team sports. But in China for well over 2,000 years, people played the game of “kickball” — cuju. The members were often young men from wealthy families though there were also professional kickball players. Cuju was played as entertainment at court banquets or the reception of foreign ambassadors. Even emperors played kickball. As you’d expect in a Confucian society, kickball clubs were keen on the key qualities of mercy and courtesy. A great player was one who showed “the spirit of the game”. The “Ten Essentials of Kickball” included respect for other players, polite behaviors and team spirit. There was to be no ungentlemanly behavior, no dangerous play, and no hogging (独占) the ball. In other words, as we used to say, “Play up and play the game. ” What a contrast with the ancient Greek athletics where only victory counted and if that needed gamesmanship, or cruel professional fouls(犯规), then so be it. As a way of national culture protection, cuju was listed into the first batch of China’s intangible cultural heritage in 2006. 28. What does the underlined phrase “stuffed with” mean in Paragraph 1? A. Filled with. B. Decorated with. C. Surrounded with. D. Covered with. 29. What may contribute to the complicated games? A. Teams. B. Interactions. C. Societies. D. Civilizations. 30. Who were the major members in a cuju team according to the text? A. Sleepers. B. The rich young men. C. Emperors. D. The professional athletes. 31. What is the fifth paragraph mainly about? A. Kickball’s popularity. B. Kickball’s development. C. Kickball’s importance. D. Kickball’s characteristics. D An old saw has it that there is nothing new under the sun. But it may still come as a surprise that human beings aren’t alone in having invented vaccination (疫苗接种). Work published by Gyan Harwood of the University of Illinois confirms that honeybees got there first. It also suggests they run the vaccination programmes like humans. One discovery in 2015 is that queen bees vaccinate their eggs by transferring into them antigens (抗原) which start the development of a protective immune response. But that observation raises the question of how the queen receives her antigen supply in the first place, for she lives only on royal jelly (蜂王浆) produced by worker bees who act as nurses to baby bees. Dr. Harwood therefore wondered if the nurses obtain the antigens while eating nectar (花蜜) . To test this idea, he cooperated with Heli Salmela. Together, they collected about 150 nurse bees and divided them among six queenless hives (蜂巢) with baby bees to look after. Instead of nectar, they fed the nurses on sugar-water, and for three of the hives they mixed the sugar-water with a bacterium that causes a hive-killing disease. In this case, to stop such an infection happening, Dr Harwood and Dr Salmela heat-treated the bacteria to kill them in advance. They also labeled the dead bacteria with a fluorescent dye (荧光染料) to make them easy to track. And, the result showed that pathogens (病原体) were getting into royal jelly produced by those nurse bees. All told that nurse bees are indeed, through their royal jelly, passing antigens on to the queen, and then to the eggs. Meanwhile, after they hatch, the eggs receive antigens from the nurses as well, thus being vaccinated twice. 32. In which section of a newspaper can we find this text? A. Science. B. Education. C. Geography. D. Medicine. 33. What does Dr. Harwood in paragraph 2 put forward? A. An assumption. B. A suggestion. C. A theory. D. A fact. 34. Why were the nurse bees fed on sugar-water instead of nectar? A. To stop infections happening. B. To find out the antigen supply. C. To produce bacteria. D. To offer another food choice. 35. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. Nurse Bees Invent Vaccination B Queen Bees Vaccinate Their Eggs C. Honeybees Popularize Vaccination D. Honeybees Run Vaccination Programme 第二节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How To Eat Better for the Planet You are environmentally conscious and hungry. Here are answers to all your eco-friendly food questions. Does what I eat have an effect on climate change? Yes. ____36____. About one quarter of the planet-warming greenhouse gases are generated by humans each year. That includes raising and harvesting all the plants, animals, and animal products we eat, as well as processing, packaging, and shipping food to markets all over the world. ____37____? When forests are cleared to make room for farms and cattle, large stores of carbon are released into the atmosphere, which heats up the planet. Also, fossil (化石) fuels are used to operate farm machinery and ship food around the globe, all of which generate emissions (排放). Which foods have the largest impact? ____38____. Cattle accounts for roughly the same amount of emissions as all the cars, trucks, airplanes, and ships in the world today, while plant-based foods like beans and grains tend to have the smallest effect. Pork, chicken, and eggs are somewhere in the middle. Why does meat have such a big effect on the climate? It’s often more efficient to grow crops for humans to eat than it is to grow crops for animals to eat and then turn those animals into food for humans A conclusion was reached by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization in 2017. ____39____. Is there a simple food choice I can make that would reduce my climate footprint? Consuming less red meat and dairy will typically have the biggest effect for most people in wealthy countries. A number of studies have concluded that people who eat a meat-heavy diet could reduce their food-related footprint by one third or more by moving to a vegetarian diet. ____40____. If you don’t want to go that far, just eating less meat and dairy can reduce emissions. A. Why do we need to change the climate B. The world’s food system is responsible for it C. The greenhouse gases have an impact on our food D. How exactly does food contribute to global warming E. Giving up dairy would reduce those emissions even further F. On average, it takes about three pounds of grain to raise one pound of meat G. In general, beef and lamb have the biggest climate footprint per gram of protein 第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A. B. C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Once upon a time, my father and I got lost in a forest in France. I must have been about twelve or thirteen. Anyway, it was before the time when most people ___41___ a mobile phone. It was in the Loire Valley. About half an hour, my dad ___42___ the truth. “Oh, it seems that we’re lost.” We walked around and around in circles, trying to find the path, ___43___ with no luck. I could tell my dad was starting to ___44___, even as he was trying to hide it from me. We had been in the forest for hours then and both knew my mom would be in a state of absolute ___45___. At school, I had just been told the story of the hikers who had died in the wilderness and I found it easy to ___46___ that would be our fate too. “If we keep going in a ___47___ line we’ll get out of here,” my dad said. And he was right. ___48___ we heard the sound of cars and ___49___ a main road. We were eleven miles from the village where we had ___50___, but at least we had signposts. And I often think of that strategy, when I am totally ___51___ — literally or metaphorically (比喻). I thought of it when I was in the middle of a ___52___, when my heart beat rapidly with ___53___ and didn’t know how I could carry on living. Walking one foot in front of the other, in the same ___54___, will always get you further than running around in circles. It’s about the ___55___ to keep walking forward. 41. A. owned B. borrowed C. invented D. promoted 42. A. revealed B. realized C. told D. faced 43. A. all B. if C. yet D. so 44 A. complain B. erupt C. regret D. panic 45. A. terror B. anger C. disappointment D. loss 46. A. decide B. announce C. imagine D. clarify 47. A. simple B. short C. straight D. similar 48. A. Regularly B. Eventually C. Surprisingly D. Generally 49. A. chose B. missed C. followed D. reached 50. A. set off B. passed C. called at D. lived 51. A. lost B. sensitive C. angry D. stuck 52. A. term B. race C. performance D. breakdown 53. A. excitement B. surprise C. fear D. interest 54. A. way B. cycle C. direction D. distance 55 A. ambition B. determination C. inspiration D. cooperation 第二节 短文填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Many scientists believe our love of sugar may actually be an addiction. When we eat or drink sugary foods, the sugar enters our blood and affects parts of our brain that make us feel good. Then the good feeling goes away,____56____ (leave) us wanting more. All ____57____ (taste) foods do this, but sugar has a particularly strong effect. In this way, it is in fact an addictive drug, one that doctors recommend we all cut down on. Our bodies ____58____ (design) to survive on very little sugar. Early humans often had very little food, so our bodies learned to be very efficient in storing sugar as fat. In this way, we had energy ____59____ (store) for when there was no food. But today, most people have more than enough. So ____60____ very thing that once saved us may now be killing us. So what is the ____61____ (solve)? It’s obvious that we need to eat less sugar. The trouble is, in today’s world, it’s extremely difficult to avoid. From breakfast cereals ____62____ after-dinner desserts, our foods are increasingly filled with it. Some manufacturers even use sugar to replace taste in foods that are advertised as low in fat. But there are those ____63____ are fighting back against sugar. Many schools are replacing sugary desserts with healthier options like fruit. Other schools ____64____ (grow) their own food in gardens, or building ____65____ (facility) like walking tracks so students and others in the community can exercise. The battle has not yet been lost. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 66. 假定你是李华，在英国伦敦留学，得知当地某自然环境保护区正在招募志愿者。请你给其负责人写一封自荐信，内容包括： 1. 写信目的； 2. 个人优势； 3. 表达期待。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Sir/Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节(满分25分) 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Twenty years ago, Chase Poust was only 7. On Sunday morning just before the Memorial Day, he, his dad Steven, and his 4-year-old sister, Abigail, were out for a family boating trip on Florida's St. Johns River, which was trackless and almost nobody knew about it. And there's no rescue center nearby. Chase and Abigail were swimming at the back of the anchored boat while Steven was on deck (甲板) fishing. It was a perfect outing- it was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the deep blue sky, the light green river water and the mild late May sunshine mixed to create a magic scene. Everything was sound until a strong current emerged and loosened Abigail's grasp and she let go of the boat. Instantly realizing his sister would be swept away, Chase let go of the boat as well to try and reach her. At the same time, Chase screamed at his father desperately. Without thinking twice, Steven jumped into the water and swam towards the two kids with all his efforts. But after realizing he couldn't keep up with both kids, he was faced with a heartbroken decision. He told them he loved them very much because he wasn't sure what's going to happen. Steven tried his best to stick with both of his children. He wore himself out. But his little daughter was washed away from him. Directing Chase to swim to shore for help Steven stayed behind, keeping as close as he could to Abigail as the life-vest that was keeping her above the waves floated further and further from his reach. It was a tough go for the 7-year-old, but rather than attempting to swim all out, Chase wisely paced himself. Stopping to float or dog paddle when he was tired, he'd rest and then set off again. The current was going the opposite way of going to the boat and the shore, so it was very hard to swim that way for Chase. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 An hour later, Chase swam to the shore, anyhow. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Luckily, Steven and Abigail were found and rescued. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高二英语开学考测试卷 考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分 注意事项： 1. 答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的学校、姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。 2. 请在答题卡指定位置按规定要求作答，答在试卷上一律无效。 第一部分 词汇(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 选出所给词汇的汉语意思 1. exchangeA. 改变 B. 交换 C. 零钱 2. nationalityA. 国籍 B. 国家 C. 国土 3. outgoingA. 出去 B. 在外面 C. 外向的 4. strategyA. 奇怪 B. 策略 C. 好奇 5. generationA. 普通 B. 基因 C. 一代（人） 6. sourceA. 来源 B. 课程 C. 希望 7. officialA. 官员 B. 办公室 C. 警察 8. flightA. 飞行员 B. 航班 C. 轻松 9. civilisationA. 文明 B. 城市 C. 恶魔 10. masterA. 必须 B. 面具 C. 精通 11. droughtA. 带走 B. 旱灾 C. 买 12. percentA. 百分之…… B. 平均 C. 硬币 13. contextA. 课文 B. 内容 C. 语境 14. nativeA. 国家 B. 本地人 C. 外地人 15. factorA. 工厂 B. 事实 C. 因素 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. C 【解析】 【1题详解】 exchange意为“交换”，故选B。 【2题详解】 nationality意为“国籍”，故选A。 【3题详解】 outgoing意为“外向的”，故选C。 【4题详解】 strategy意为“策略”，故选B。 【5题详解】 generation意为“一代（人）”，故选C。 【6题详解】 source意为“来源”，故选A。 【7题详解】 official意为“官员”，故选A。 【8题详解】 flight意为“航班”，故选B。 【9题详解】 civilisation意为“文明”，故选A。 【10题详解】 master意为“精通”，故选C。 【11题详解】 drought意为“旱灾”，故选B。 【12题详解】 percent意为“百分之……”，故选A。 【13题详解】 context意为“语境”，故选C。 【14题详解】 native意为“本地人”，故选B。 【15题详解】 factor意为“因素”，故选C。 第二节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 选出所给短语的汉语意义 16. make an impressionA. 创造 B. 开会 C. 留下印象 17. leave...aloneA. 不打扰；不惊动 B. 离开 C. 走开 18. sign up ( for sth)A. 报名（参加课程） B. 信号 C. 风景 19. addicted toA. 增加 B. 对……很入迷 C. 参加 20. apply forA. 申请 B. 运用 C. 适合 【答案】16. C 17. A 18. A 19. B 20. A 【解析】 【16题详解】 make an impression意为“留下印象”，故选C。 【17题详解】 leave...alone意为“不打扰；不惊动”，故选A。 【18题详解】 sign up ( for sth)意“报名（参加课程）”，故选A。 【19题详解】 addicted to意为“对……很入迷”，故选B。 【20题详解】 apply for意为“申请”，故选A。 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A. B. C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A George Nakashima always insisted that he was a simple woodworker, not an artist. Even though major museums exhibited his works and the director of the American Craft Museum called him a national treasure, Mr.Nakashima rejected the label of an artist. For almost fifty years he simply went on shaping wood into beautiful chairs, tables, and cabinets. Nakashima had a clear goal. He intended each piece of furniture he made to be as perfect as possible. Even making a box was an act of creation, because it produced an object that had never existed before. Initially Nakashima used local wood, sometimes from his own property. Later, he travelled to seek out English oak, Persian walnut, African zebra wood and Indian teak. He especially liked to find giant roots that had been dug out of the ground after a tree was taken down. Nakashima felt that making this wood into furniture was a way of allowing the tree to live again. Most furniture makers prefer perfect boards, but Nakashima took pleasure in using wood with interesting knots (节疤) and cracks. These irregularities gave the wood personality and showed that the tree had lived a happy life. He never failed to create an object that was both useful and beautiful. One early piece Nakashima designed was a three­legged chair for his small daughter Mira to use when she sat at the table for meals. The Mira chair became so popular that Nakashima later made both low and high versions. Another famous piece, the Conoid chair, has two legs supported by blade­like feet.Always, Nakashima’s designs were precise and graceful, marked by simplicity that revealed his love for the wood. As the years passed Nakashima’s reputation grew and his works received many awards. His children Mira and Kevin, now adults, joined the team of craftspeople in their father’s studio. Nakashima’s dream of integrating (合并) work and family has come true. 21. Which of the following best describes Nakashima? A. Generous and outgoing. B. Creative and modest. C. Capable and friendly. D. Honest and simple. 22. What can we learn about Nakashima from paragraph 4? A. He made chairs exclusively for his family. B. His chairs were of the same style. C. He loved his daughter Mira most. D. His works were mostly simple but beautiful. 23. Why was Nakashima called a national treasure? A. Because he loved both his work and family. B. Because the wood materials he used were precious. C. Because his works were of great artistic value. D. Because he spent most of his life making furniture. 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了木工大师George Nakashima，他虽拒绝被称为艺术家，但其作品被各大博物馆展出，还被誉为国宝。他追求家具的完美，善用有特色的木材，作品既实用又美观，随着时间推移声誉渐长，实现了工作与家庭融合的梦想。 【21题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“George Nakashima always insisted that he was a simple woodworker, not an artist. Even though major museums exhibited his works and the director of the American Craft Museum called him a national treasure, Mr. Nakashima rejected the label of an artist. (George Nakashima一直坚持认为自己只是一个普通的木工，而不是艺术家。尽管各大博物馆都展出过他的作品，美国工艺博物馆馆长也称他为国宝，但Nakashima先生拒绝接受艺术家的标签。)”可知，George Nakashima拒绝被称为艺术家，这体现出他的谦逊；再根据第二段“Even making a box was an act of creation, because it produced an object that had never existed before. (即使是制作一个盒子也是一种创造行为，因为它产生了一个以前从未存在过的物体。)”以及后文他制作出各种独特且受欢迎的椅子等描述，可知他很有创造力。所以“Creative and modest (富有创造力且谦逊)”最能描述他。故选B项。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Always, Nakashima’s designs were precise and graceful, marked by simplicity that revealed his love for the wood. ( Nakashima的设计始终精确而优雅，以简洁为特点，体现了他对木材的热爱。)”以及前文提到他为女儿制作椅子，后来椅子还很受欢迎，还制作了其他著名的椅子等，可推断出他的作品大多简洁但美观。故选D项。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“ Even though major museums exhibited his works and the director of the American Craft Museum called him a national treasure, Mr. Nakashima rejected the label of an artist. (尽管各大博物馆都展出过他的作品，美国工艺博物馆馆长也称他为国宝，但Nakashima先生拒绝接受艺术家的标签。)以及后文对他作品特点、设计理念等的描述，可知他被称为国宝是因为他的作品具有很高的艺术价值。故选C项。 B Auguste Rodin spent the best part of four decades working on his masterpiece The Gates of Hell. The Mona Lisa, by contrast, took Leonardo da Vinci a mere 15 years or so. So we can only imagine what those masters would think of an up-and-coming artist who can knock out complex works in under two hours. Not least because she's a robot. Meet Ai-Da, the world's first robot artist to stage an exhibition, and, according to her creator, every bit as good as many of the abstract human painters working today. Named in honour of the pioneering female mathematician Ada Lovelace, the artificial intelligence（AI）machine can draw a portrait by sight, and compose an "extremely beautiful" painting rich with meaning. The humanoid machine can walk, talk and hold a pencil or brush. But it is Ai-Da's ability to teach itself new and ever more complicated means of creative expression that has set the art world excited. From a simple photograph, whether a bee or a tree, the robot has done abstract paintings warning of the fragility（脆弱性）of the environment that would look at home in a top modern gallery. "We just can't predict what she will do, what she's going to produce, what the limit of her output is," said Aidan Meller, who is in charge of the Unsecured Futures exhibition which opens on June 12. Meller is clear that his goal is not to replace human artists. Rather, he compares the rise of AI art to the coming of photography. "In the 1850 s everyone thought photography would replace art and artists, but actually it became a new style bringing many new jobs." he said. "We are looking forward to the conversation Ai-Da brings.in audiences," said Lucy Seal, researcher for the project. "A measure of her artistic potential and success will be the discussion she inspires. Engaging people so that we feel empowered to re-imagine our attitudes to organic life and our futures is a major aim of the project. 24. Why does the author mention Auguste Rodin and da Vinci? A. To support an idea. B. To make a prediction. C. To make a contrast. D. To analyze characters. 25. What does "look at home" in Para. 5 mean? A. Look familiar. B. Fit perfectly. C. Make it at home. D. Feel comfortable. 26. What is the purpose of the creation of Ai-Da? A. To improve painting skills. B. To enrich contemporary art forms. C To measure the potential of art. D. To inspire different views on human life. 27. What is the main idea of the text? A. A robot artist has achieved success. B. An AI artist draws in pen and brush. C. A robot artist will replace human artists. D. An AI artist will take the art world by storm. 【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了机器人艺术家的出现可以像许多抽象人类画家一样出色，但是人工智能艺术并不完全能代替人类，她的出现必将会引起引发的人们讨论和思考。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Auguste Rodin spent the best part of four decades working on his masterpiece The Gates of Hell. The Mona Lisa, by contrast, took Leonardo da Vinci a mere 15 years or so. So we can only imagine what those masters would think of an up-and-coming artist who can knock out complex works in under two hours. Not least because she's a robot.”（奥古斯特·罗丹花了四十年的时间创作他的杰作《地狱之门》。相比之下，列奥纳多·达·芬奇只花了15年左右的时间就完成了《蒙娜丽莎》。因此，我们只能想象那些大师会怎么想一个崭露头角的艺术家，能在两小时内完成复杂的作品。尤其是因为她是个机器人。）可知，作者分把《地狱之门》的四十年创作时间和《蒙娜丽莎》的十五年时间作对比，来说明大师杰作创作的艰辛。从而很好地突出机器人艺术家只用两个小时完成作品的神奇和让人不可思议。故选C项。 【25题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第五段“From a simple photograph, whether a bee or a tree, the robot has done abstract paintings warning of the fragility of the environment that would look at home in a top modern gallery.”（从一张简单的照片，无论是一只蜜蜂还是一棵树，机器人已经完成了抽象画，警告环境的脆弱性，就像在一个顶级的现代画廊里一样。）可知，作品就像就像在一个顶级的现代画廊里一样。由此可推“look at home”的意思为“完美的适合”。故选B项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“"We are looking forward to the conversation Ai-Da brings in audiences," said Lucy Seal, researcher for the project. "A measure of her artistic potential and success will be the discussion she inspires. Engaging people so we feel empowered to re-imagine our attitudes to organic life and our futures is a major aim of the project.”（“我们很期待艾达带给观众的对话”该项目的研究员露西·希尔说，“衡量她艺术潜力和成功的标准将是她所激发的讨论。这个项目的主要目的是让人们参与进来，让我们觉得有能力重新想象我们对有机生命和未来的态度。）可知，艾达的创造的目的是激发人们关于人类生活的不同观点。ABC选项都与原文实意不符。故选D项。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Auguste Rodin spent the best part of four decades working on his masterpiece The Gates of Hell. The Mona Lisa, by contrast, took Leonardo da Vinci a mere 15 years or so. So we can only imagine what those masters would think of an up-and-coming artist who can knock out complex works in under two hours. Not least because she's a robot.”（奥古斯特·罗丹花了四十年的时间创作他的杰作《地狱之门》。相比之下，列奥纳多·达·芬奇只花了15年左右的时间就完成了《蒙娜丽莎》。因此，我们只能想象那些大师会怎么想一个崭露头角的艺术家，能在两小时内完成复杂的作品。尤其是因为她是个机器人。）以及最后一段“We are looking forward to the conversation Ai-Da brings.in audiences," said Lucy Seal, researcher for the project. "A measure of her artistic potential and success will be the discussion she inspires. Engaging people so that we feel empowered to re-imagine our attitudes to organic life and our futures is a major aim of the project.”（我们很期待艾达带来的对话。该项目的研究员露西·希尔说。她引发的讨论将是衡量她艺术潜力和成功的标准。这个项目的主要目标是让人们参与进来，让我们能够重新想象我们对有机生命和我们的未来的态度。）可知，本文主要讲述的是机器人艺术家在艺术界引发的轰动和影响。C项与文章“Meller is clear that his goal is not to replace human artists”（他的目标不是取代人类艺术家）相悖。AB选项与文章大意不符。故选D项。 C All human societies play games. Kicking a ball can be found everywhere whether the ball is just a ball of cloth, or a skin stuffed with feathers or air. But complex games and team sports have tended to arise in big civilizations — the higher the cultural level of a society is, the greater the complexity of the interaction is, and hence perhaps the more complex the forms of sports are. This is not always the case. The ancient Greeks, for example, preferred the individual rather than team sports. But in China for well over 2,000 years, people played the game of “kickball” — cuju. The members were often young men from wealthy families though there were also professional kickball players. Cuju was played as entertainment at court banquets or the reception of foreign ambassadors. Even emperors played kickball. As you’d expect in a Confucian society, kickball clubs were keen on the key qualities of mercy and courtesy. A great player was one who showed “the spirit of the game”. The “Ten Essentials of Kickball” included respect for other players, polite behaviors and team spirit. There was to be no ungentlemanly behavior, no dangerous play, and no hogging (独占) the ball. In other words, as we used to say, “Play up and play the game. ” What a contrast with the ancient Greek athletics where only victory counted and if that needed gamesmanship, or cruel professional fouls(犯规), then so be it. As a way of national culture protection, cuju was listed into the first batch of China’s intangible cultural heritage in 2006. 28. What does the underlined phrase “stuffed with” mean in Paragraph 1? A. Filled with. B. Decorated with. C. Surrounded with. D. Covered with. 29. What may contribute to the complicated games? A. Teams. B. Interactions. C. Societies. D. Civilizations. 30. Who were the major members in a cuju team according to the text? A. Sleepers. B. The rich young men. C. Emperors. D. The professional athletes. 31. What is the fifth paragraph mainly about? A. Kickball’s popularity. B. Kickball’s development. C. Kickball’s importance. D. Kickball’s characteristics. 【答案】28. A 29. D 30. B 31. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍了中国古代蹴鞠运动及其特点。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。由短语所在句“Kicking a ball can be found everywhere whether just a ball of cloth, or a skin stuffed with feathers or air.(在世界的每一个角落都能看到踢球这一运动，不管是一个布球还是一块用羽毛或者stuffed with的皮)”可知，踢的是球，是一个立体的物品，需要用东西填充。由此可知，划线词组stuffed with与filled with“充满、填满”意思接近。故选A项。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“But complex games and team sports have tended to arise in big civilizations — the higher the cultural level of a society is, the greater the complexity of the interaction is, and hence perhaps the more complex the forms of sports are.(但复杂的竞技游戏和团队运动往往出现在大型文明之中——一个社会的文化水平越高，其互动的复杂程度就越大，因此相应的体育形式也可能会更加复杂)”可知，文明促进了复杂游戏/比赛的诞生。故选D项。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The members were often young men from wealthy families though there were also professional kickball players.(这些成员大多是来自富裕家庭的年轻男子，不过也有职业的踢球运动员)”可知，蹴鞠团队的队员主要是有钱的年轻人。故选B项。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第五段“As you’d expect in a Confucian society, kickball clubs were keen on the key qualities of mercy and courtesy. A great player was one who showed “the spirit of the game”. The “Ten Essentials of Kickball” included respect for other players, polite behaviors and team spirit.(正如在儒家社会中人们所期望的那样，踢球俱乐部非常注重仁慈和礼貌这些关键品质。一名出色的球员应当展现出“比赛的精神”。踢球的“十项基本准则”包括尊重其他球员、礼貌行为以及团队精神)”可知，本段主要介绍了足球运动的特点。故选D项。 D An old saw has it that there is nothing new under the sun. But it may still come as a surprise that human beings aren’t alone in having invented vaccination (疫苗接种). Work published by Gyan Harwood of the University of Illinois confirms that honeybees got there first. It also suggests they run the vaccination programmes like humans. One discovery in 2015 is that queen bees vaccinate their eggs by transferring into them antigens (抗原) which start the development of a protective immune response. But that observation raises the question of how the queen receives her antigen supply in the first place, for she lives only on royal jelly (蜂王浆) produced by worker bees who act as nurses to baby bees. Dr. Harwood therefore wondered if the nurses obtain the antigens while eating nectar (花蜜) . To test this idea, he cooperated with Heli Salmela. Together, they collected about 150 nurse bees and divided them among six queenless hives (蜂巢) with baby bees to look after. Instead of nectar, they fed the nurses on sugar-water, and for three of the hives they mixed the sugar-water with a bacterium that causes a hive-killing disease. In this case, to stop such an infection happening, Dr Harwood and Dr Salmela heat-treated the bacteria to kill them in advance. They also labeled the dead bacteria with a fluorescent dye (荧光染料) to make them easy to track. And, the result showed that pathogens (病原体) were getting into royal jelly produced by those nurse bees. All told that nurse bees are indeed, through their royal jelly, passing antigens on to the queen, and then to the eggs. Meanwhile, after they hatch, the eggs receive antigens from the nurses as well, thus being vaccinated twice. 32. In which section of a newspaper can we find this text? A. Science. B. Education. C. Geography. D. Medicine. 33. What does Dr. Harwood in paragraph 2 put forward? A. An assumption. B. A suggestion. C. A theory. D. A fact. 34. Why were the nurse bees fed on sugar-water instead of nectar? A. To stop infections happening. B. To find out the antigen supply. C. To produce bacteria. D. To offer another food choice. 35. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. Nurse Bees Invent Vaccination B. Queen Bees Vaccinate Their Eggs C. Honeybees Popularize Vaccination D. Honeybees Run Vaccination Programme 【答案】32. A 33. A 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了蜜蜂疫苗接种的过程。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段关键句“But it may still come as a surprise that human beings aren’t alone in having invented vaccination.Work published by Gyan Harwood of the University of Illinois confirms that honeybees got there first. It also suggests they run the vaccination programmes like humans.”（但令人惊讶的是，发明疫苗的并不只是人类。伊利诺伊大学的吉安·哈伍德发表的研究证实了蜜蜂最先到达那里。它还表明它们像人类一样运行疫苗接种项目。）可知，本文话题与蜜蜂免疫有关，来自报纸的科学版块。故选A项。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段关键句“Dr. Harwood therefore wondered if the nurses obtain the antigens while eating nectar.”（因此，哈伍德博士想知道保姆峰是否在吃花蜜时获得了抗原。）可知，Dr. Harwood在第二段提出了一种假设。故选A项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段关键句“Dr. Harwood therefore wondered if the nurses obtain the antigens while eating nectar.”（因此，哈伍德博士想知道保姆峰是否在吃花蜜时获得了抗原。）及第三段关键句“Instead of nectar, they fed the nurses on sugar-water, and for three of the hives they mixed the sugar-water with a bacterium that causes a hive-killing disease.”（他们用糖水代替花蜜喂养这些保姆峰，并把糖水和一种细菌混合在一起，这种细菌会导致杀死蜂群的疾病。）可知，用混合细菌的糖水喂食保姆峰是为了找出抗原来源。故选B项。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段内容“All told that nurse bees are indeed, through their royal jelly, passing antigens on to the queen, and then to the eggs. Meanwhile, after they hatch, the eggs receive antigens from the nurses as well, thus being vaccinated twice.”（综上所述，保姆峰确实是通过蜂王浆将抗原传给蜂王，然后传给卵。与此同时，在孵化后，这些卵也从保姆峰那里获得抗原，因此接种了两次疫苗。）及全文内容可知，本文描述蜜蜂是如何进行疫苗接种过程的，D选项“Honeybees Run Vaccination Programme”（蜜蜂执行疫苗接种项目）作为本文标题，符合主旨。故选D项。 第二节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How To Eat Better for the Planet You are environmentally conscious and hungry. Here are answers to all your eco-friendly food questions. Does what I eat have an effect on climate change? Yes. ____36____. About one quarter of the planet-warming greenhouse gases are generated by humans each year. That includes raising and harvesting all the plants, animals, and animal products we eat, as well as processing, packaging, and shipping food to markets all over the world. ____37____? When forests are cleared to make room for farms and cattle, large stores of carbon are released into the atmosphere, which heats up the planet. Also, fossil (化石) fuels are used to operate farm machinery and ship food around the globe, all of which generate emissions (排放). Which foods have the largest impact? ____38____. Cattle accounts for roughly the same amount of emissions as all the cars, trucks, airplanes, and ships in the world today, while plant-based foods like beans and grains tend to have the smallest effect. Pork, chicken, and eggs are somewhere in the middle. Why does meat have such a big effect on the climate? It’s often more efficient to grow crops for humans to eat than it is to grow crops for animals to eat and then turn those animals into food for humans. A conclusion was reached by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization in 2017. ____39____. Is there a simple food choice I can make that would reduce my climate footprint? Consuming less red meat and dairy will typically have the biggest effect for most people in wealthy countries. A number of studies have concluded that people who eat a meat-heavy diet could reduce their food-related footprint by one third or more by moving to a vegetarian diet. ____40____. If you don’t want to go that far, just eating less meat and dairy can reduce emissions. A. Why do we need to change the climate B. The world’s food system is responsible for it C. The greenhouse gases have an impact on our food D. How exactly does food contribute to global warming E. Giving up dairy would reduce those emissions even further F. On average, it takes about three pounds of grain to raise one pound of meat G. In general, beef and lamb have the biggest climate footprint per gram of protein 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. G 39. F 40. E 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了食物会导致全球变暖，以及如何通过适当进食减少排放，保护环境。 【36题详解】 上文“Does what I eat have an effect on climate change? Yes.(我吃的东西对气候变化有影响吗？是的)”提出问题并且做出了肯定回答，设空处承上启下，应该是对上文的问题作解释说明并引出下文“About one quarter of the planet-warming greenhouse gases are generated by humans each year.(每年约有四分之一的全球变暖温室气体是由人类产生的)”。B项“世界上的食物系统对此负有责任”承上启下，符合文意。故选B项。 【37题详解】 通过下文“When forests are cleared to make room for farms and cattle, large stores of carbon are released into the atmosphere, which heats up the planet. Also, fossil fuels are used to operate farm machinery and ship food around the globe, all of which generate emissions.(当森林被清理出来为农场和牲畜腾出空间时，大量的碳被释放到大气中，从而使地球升温。此外，化石燃料被用于操作农业机械和在全球运送食物，所有这些都会产生排放)”可知，本段主要介绍了食物是如何导致全球变暖的，设空处为反问句，应对食物是如何导致全球变暖的这一问题进行提问。D项“食物究竟是如何导致全球变暖的”符合文意。故选D项。 【38题详解】 通过上文反问句“Which foods have the largest impact?(哪些食物影响最大？)”可知，本段主要说明哪些食物影响最大。G项“一般来说，牛肉和羊肉在每克蛋白质中的气候影响最大”符合文意，且G项中的“beef”与下文一致。故选G项。 【39题详解】 根据上文“It’s often more efficient to grow crops for humans to eat than it is to grow crops for animals to eat and then turn those animals into food for humans. A conclusion was reached by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization in 2017.(种植供人类食用的作物通常比种植供动物食用的作物，然后将这些动物转化为人类的食物更有效。联合国粮农组织在2017年得出了这一结论)”可知，联合国粮农组织认为种植庄稼让人吃，往往比种植庄稼让动物吃然后把这些动物变成人类的食物更有效率。可推知，设空处应解释如何转化，F项“平均来说，养一磅肉需要三磅谷物”承接上文，符合文意。故选F项。 【40题详解】 上文“Consuming less red meat and dairy will typically have the biggest effect for most people in wealthy countries. A number of studies have concluded that people who eat a meat-heavy diet could reduce their food-related footprint by one third or more by moving to a vegetarian diet.(对于富裕国家的大多数人来说，少吃牛羊肉和奶制品通常会产生最大的影响。许多研究得出结论，吃肉多的人可以通过改为素食减少与食物相关的碳足迹三分之一或更多)”提到为了减少排放应该少吃肉，设空处承上启下，下文“If you don’t want to go that far, just eating less meat and dairy can reduce emissions.(如果你不想这么做的话，只要少吃肉类和奶制品就可以减少排放。)”指出，如果你不想按设空处的提议做的话，只需要少吃肉类和奶制品就可以减少排放，可推知，设空处提出了一种减少排放的方法。E项“放弃奶制品将进一步减少这些排放”承上启下，符合文意。故选E项。 第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A. B. C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Once upon a time, my father and I got lost in a forest in France. I must have been about twelve or thirteen. Anyway, it was before the time when most people ___41___ a mobile phone. It was in the Loire Valley. About half an hour, my dad ___42___ the truth. “Oh, it seems that we’re lost.” We walked around and around in circles, trying to find the path, ___43___ with no luck. I could tell my dad was starting to ___44___, even as he was trying to hide it from me. We had been in the forest for hours then and both knew my mom would be in a state of absolute ___45___. At school, I had just been told the story of the hikers who had died in the wilderness and I found it easy to ___46___ that would be our fate too. “If we keep going in a ___47___ line we’ll get out of here,” my dad said. And he was right. ___48___ we heard the sound of cars and ___49___ a main road. We were eleven miles from the village where we had ___50___, but at least we had signposts. And I often think of that strategy, when I am totally ___51___ — literally or metaphorically (比喻). I thought of it when I was in the middle of a ___52___, when my heart beat rapidly with ___53___ and didn’t know how I could carry on living. Walking one foot in front of the other, in the same ___54___, will always get you further than running around in circles. It’s about the ___55___ to keep walking forward. 41. A. owned B. borrowed C. invented D. promoted 42. A. revealed B. realized C. told D. faced 43. A. all B. if C. yet D. so 44. A. complain B. erupt C. regret D. panic 45. A. terror B. anger C. disappointment D. loss 46. A. decide B. announce C. imagine D. clarify 47. A. simple B. short C. straight D. similar 48. A. Regularly B. Eventually C. Surprisingly D. Generally 49. A. chose B. missed C. followed D. reached 50. A. set off B. passed C. called at D. lived 51. A. lost B. sensitive C. angry D. stuck 52. A. term B. race C. performance D. breakdown 53. A. excitement B. surprise C. fear D. interest 54. A. way B. cycle C. direction D. distance 55. A. ambition B. determination C. inspiration D. cooperation 【答案】41. A 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. A 46. C 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. A 51. A 52. D 53. C 54. C 55. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过描述作者和父亲一次在森林里迷路的经历，告诉我们在面临困境的时候，保持同一个方向，有继续前进的决心，总能走出困境。 【41题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论如何，那是在大多数人拥有手机之前。A. owned拥有；B. borrowed借来；C. invented发明；D. promoted促进。根据后文“a mobile phone”指拥有手机，应用own。故选A。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约半个小时后，我爸爸意识到了事实。A. revealed揭露；B. realized意识到；C. told告诉；D. faced面对。根据后文宾语the truth指父亲认识到了他们迷路的事实。故选B。 【43题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我们绕着圈子走了又走，试图找到那条路，但运气不佳。A. all全部；B. if如果；C. yet然而；D. so所以。根据后文“with no luck”可知他们没有找到路，前后文为转折关系，应用yet。故选C。 【44题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能看出我爸爸开始恐慌了，尽管他试图瞒着我。A. complain抱怨；B. erupt喷发；C. regret后悔；D. panic恐慌。根据后文“We had been in the forest for hours”可知父子俩在森林里迷路了，父亲开始恐慌。故选D。 【45题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在森林里待了好几个小时，都知道妈妈肯定处于极度恐惧的状态。A. terror惊恐；B. anger愤怒；C. disappointment失望；D. loss损失。根据上文“We had been in the forest for hours”可知父子俩在森林里迷路了，母亲肯定很担心害怕。故选A。 【46题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在学校的时候，我刚听人讲过那些死在荒野里的徒步旅行者的故事，我发现很容易想象我们的命运也会是这样。A. decide决定；B. announce宣布；C. imagine想象；D. clarify澄清。根据上文“I had just been told the story of the hikers who had died in the wilderness and I found it easy to”可知，作者听人讲过那些死在荒野里的徒步旅行者的故事，所以很容易想象他们的命运也会是这样。故选C。 【47题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“如果我们继续走直线，我们就能离开这里，”爸爸说。A. simple简单的；B. short短暂的；C. straight直的；D. similar相似的。根据后文“line we’ll get out of here”可知沿着走直线就能走出森林，故选C。 【48题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后我们听到了汽车的声音，来到了一条主要道路上。A. Regularly定期地；B. Eventually终于；C. Surprisingly惊人地；D. Generally通常。根据后文“we heard the sound of cars”可知作者和父亲最后走出了森林，故选B。 【49题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后我们听到了汽车的声音，来到了一条主要道路上。A. chose选择；B. missed错过；C. followed跟随；D. reached到达。根据后文“a main road”他们到达了主路上。故选D。 【50题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们离出发的那个村子已有11英里了，但至少还有路标。A. set off出发；B. passed通过；C. called at拜访；D. lived居住。根据上文“We were eleven miles from the village where we had”可知，他们出来后发现离出发的那个村子已有11英里了，故选A。 【51题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我完全迷失的时候，我经常会想到这个策略——不管是字面上的还是隐喻上的。A. lost迷路的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. angry愤怒的；D. stuck被困的。呼应上文“Oh, it seems that we’re lost.”指他们在森林里迷路的经历。故选A。 【52题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我在崩溃的时候，当我的心因恐惧而快速跳动，我不知道我该如何继续生活时，我想到了它。A. term时期；B. race比赛；C. performance表现；D. breakdown崩溃。根据后文“how I could carry on living”可知不知继续生活，说明处在崩溃的时候，故选D。 【53题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我在崩溃的时候，当我的心因恐惧而快速跳动，我不知道我该如何继续生活时，我想到了它。A. excitement激动；B. surprise惊讶；C. fear恐惧；D. interest兴趣。根据后文“how I could carry on living”可知，崩溃的时候，心跳因恐惧而加快。故选C。 【54题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在同一个方向上，一只脚走在另一只脚的前面，总比原地打转走得更远。A. way方法；B. cycle循环；C. direction方向；D. distance距离。结合上文作者和父亲是靠着走直线走出森林的，可知此处指保持同一个方向。故选C。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：重要的是继续前进的决心。A. ambition抱负；B. determination决心；C. inspiration灵感；D. cooperation合作。根据后文“to keep walking forward”可知出走困境靠的是继续前进的决心。故选B。 第二节 短文填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Many scientists believe our love of sugar may actually be an addiction. When we eat or drink sugary foods, the sugar enters our blood and affects parts of our brain that make us feel good. Then the good feeling goes away,____56____ (leave) us wanting more. All ____57____ (taste) foods do this, but sugar has a particularly strong effect. In this way, it is in fact an addictive drug, one that doctors recommend we all cut down on. Our bodies ____58____ (design) to survive on very little sugar. Early humans often had very little food, so our bodies learned to be very efficient in storing sugar as fat. In this way, we had energy ____59____ (store) for when there was no food. But today, most people have more than enough. So ____60____ very thing that once saved us may now be killing us. So what is the ____61____ (solve)? It’s obvious that we need to eat less sugar. The trouble is, in today’s world, it’s extremely difficult to avoid. From breakfast cereals ____62____ after-dinner desserts, our foods are increasingly filled with it. Some manufacturers even use sugar to replace taste in foods that are advertised as low in fat. But there are those ____63____ are fighting back against sugar. Many schools are replacing sugary desserts with healthier options like fruit. Other schools ____64____ (grow) their own food in gardens, or building ____65____ (facility) like walking tracks so students and others in the community can exercise. The battle has not yet been lost. 【答案】56. leaving 57. tasty 58. are designed 59. stored 60. the 61. solution 62. to 63. who 64. are growing 65. facilities 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了摄入过多糖对人们健康的危害，以及如何解决这个问题。 【56题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然后美好的感觉消失了，让我们想要更多。句中已有谓语动词goes且无连词，空处应用非谓语动词，表自然而然的结果应用现在分词。故填leaving。 【57题详解】 考查形容词。句意：所有美味的食物都如此，但糖的作用特别强烈。修饰后文名词foods应用形容词，作定语。故填tasty。 【58题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：我们的身体天生就能靠很少的糖分生存。空处为句子谓语动词，陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语bodies和design之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are designed。 【59题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这样，我们就为没有食物的时候储存了能量。分析可知，空处应用非谓语动词作宾补，store和energy之间为逻辑被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填stored。 【60题详解】 考查冠词。句意：因此，曾经拯救我们的东西现在可能正在杀死我们。此处very thing特指上文提到的sugar，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。 【61题详解】 考查名词。句意：那么解决方法是什么呢？空处应用名词作表语，结合is可知用solution“解决方案、解决方法”的单数形式。故填solution。 【62题详解】 考查介词。句意：从早餐麦片到餐后甜点，我们的食物中越来越多地含有它。结合句意可知，此处涉及固定搭配from...to...“从……到……”。故填to。 【63题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：但也有一些人在反击糖。空处引导限制性定语从句修饰指人的先行词those，且从句缺少主语，应用关系代词who。故填who。 【64题详解】 考查时态。句意：其他学校则在花园里种植自己的食物，或修建步行道等设施，让学生和社区其他人可以锻炼身体。空处为句子谓语动词，结合语境和下文building可知，空处应用现在进行时表目前一段时间正在发生的动作，主语schools是复数，故填are growing。 【65题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：其他学校则在花园里种植自己的食物，或修建步行道等设施，让学生和社区其他人可以锻炼身体。此处应用名词作宾语，facility“设施、设备”为可数名词，根据下文walking tracks 可知，表示数量大于一应用复数形式。故填facilities。 【点睛】 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 66. 假定你是李华，在英国伦敦留学，得知当地某自然环境保护区正在招募志愿者。请你给其负责人写一封自荐信，内容包括： 1. 写信目的； 2. 个人优势； 3. 表达期待。 注意：1 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Sir/Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Sir/Madam, I am Li Hua, a Chinese student studying biology in London. I’m glad to be informed that your reserve is looking for volunteers. I’m writing to apply for being one of them. As an environmentalist, I have been participating in many programs concerning environmental protection. In the meantime, I love animals very much and know how to take care of animals. By the way, I can speak fluent English, so I can communicate with others well. I’d appreciate it if I could have a chance to receive your approval. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给某自然环境保护区写封自荐信，申请充当志愿者。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：happy→glad 参加：take part in→participate in 有关：about→concerning 感激：be grateful→appreciate 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m writing to apply for being one of them. 拓展句：Since I am eager to make a contribution to environmental protection, I’m writing to apply for being one of them. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m glad to be informed that your reserve is looking for volunteers. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】I’d appreciate it if I could have a chance to receive your approval. (运用了it作形式宾语，if引导宾语从句) 第二节(满分25分) 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Twenty years ago, Chase Poust was only 7. On Sunday morning just before the Memorial Day, he, his dad Steven, and his 4-year-old sister, Abigail, were out for a family boating trip on Florida's St. Johns River, which was trackless and almost nobody knew about it. And there's no rescue center nearby. Chase and Abigail were swimming at the back of the anchored boat while Steven was on deck (甲板) fishing. It was a perfect outing- it was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the deep blue sky, the light green river water and the mild late May sunshine mixed to create a magic scene. Everything was sound until a strong current emerged and loosened Abigail's grasp and she let go of the boat. Instantly realizing his sister would be swept away, Chase let go of the boat as well to try and reach her. At the same time, Chase screamed at his father desperately. Without thinking twice, Steven jumped into the water and swam towards the two kids with all his efforts. But after realizing he couldn't keep up with both kids, he was faced with a heartbroken decision. He told them he loved them very much because he wasn't sure what's going to happen. Steven tried his best to stick with both of his children. He wore himself out. But his little daughter was washed away from him. Directing Chase to swim to shore for help Steven stayed behind, keeping as close as he could to Abigail as the life-vest that was keeping her above the waves floated further and further from his reach. It was a tough go for the 7-year-old, but rather than attempting to swim all out, Chase wisely paced himself. Stopping to float or dog paddle when he was tired, he'd rest and then set off again. The current was going the opposite way of going to the boat and the shore, so it was very hard to swim that way for Chase. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 An hour later, Chase swam to the shore, anyhow. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Luckily, Steven and Abigail were found and rescued. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】An hour later, Chase swam to the shore, anyhow. Exhausted and tired, he managed to find a man who was willing to help him. The man took him to the nearest rescue center where Chase told the story clearly. The rescue workers took action and headed for the location without hesitation. At the same time, Chase was taken well care of, left in the rescue center. Luckily, Steven and Abigail were found and rescued. Steven could hardly believe that they were still alive. When he saw them coming from afar, he was excited to burst into tears. Steven and Abigail were also taken to the center , where they hugged each other, crying. Steven said “I am grateful to the men and proud of my son .Young as Chase is ,he is a brave man.”This frightening experience left a deep impression on them, which made them realize that they shoud cherish the moment which they spent. 【解析】 【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了7岁的Chase Poust、4岁的妹妹Abigail和父亲Steven在佛罗里达的圣约翰河上划船，那里没有人迹，几乎没有人知道。附近也没有救援中心。Chase和Abigail在抛锚的船后面游泳，而史蒂文在甲板上钓鱼。突然一股强大的水流将Abigail冲走了。Steven指导Chase Poust游到岸边寻求帮助。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“一小时后，Chase游到了岸边。”可知，第一段可描写Chase寻求帮助和救援的过程。 ②由第二段首句内容“幸运的是，Steven和Abigail被找到并获救。”可知，第二段可描写作父亲对救援人员的感谢、对儿子的评价以及感悟。 2.续写线索：Chase又到岸边——向救援人员讲述了事故的过程——获救——父亲对对救援人员的感谢、对儿子的评价以及感悟。 3.词汇激活 行为类 照顾：take care of/look after 成功做某事：manage to do sth/succeed in doing sth 采取行动：take action/take measures 情绪类 愿意的，渴望的：willing /eager 感激的：grateful/appreciative 【点睛】[高分句型1] Exhausted and tired, he managed to find a man who was willing to help him.（由who引导的定语从句） [高分句型2] Steven and Abigail were also taken to the center , where they hugged each other, crying. （由关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句以及现在分词作状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $