精品解析：上海领科双语学校2025-2026学年高一上学期期中英语试题

领科普高部2025学年高一上学期英语期中考试 (时间：120分钟 满分：150分) I. Listening Comprehension Section A (10 points) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At home. B. In a school. C. In a lecture hall. D. In a restaurant. 2. A. $50. B. $100. C. $150. D. $200. 3. A. He will help the woman read the tourist map. B. He will show the woman around the palace. C. He will follow the woman to the main gate of the palace. D. He will show the woman the way to the gate. 4. A. The summers are even hotter in Hong Kong. B. He wishes that he were in Hong Kong last summer. C. It is difficult to compare the summers in different places. D. Hong Kong is the hottest place in the world. 5. A. The woman gave the ticket to the man. B. The woman went to see the comedy. C. The man didn’t go to see the comedy. D. The woman had two tickets. 6. A. At least, she enjoys her college life. B. College life hasn’t changed much since last year. C. She has many new friends. D. It is easier to find her way around this year. 7. A. He was an interesting guy. B. He deserved the title. C. He was very lucky to win the honor. D. His life was different from other people’s. 8. A. It will be an excellent facility in the neighbourhood. B. It isn’t needed. C. It should be built quickly. D. It is time to go swimming. 9. A. The woman insists on going out. B. The man promised her a gift on her birthday. C. The man is too tired to go out. D. The woman prefers to stay at home on their wedding anniversary. 10. A. She used to be thinner. B. She doesn’t eat much. C She knows how to dress herself. D. She seems to have lost weight. Section B (15 points) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passage. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Because there are so many people and cars around you. B. Because the taxi driver talks to you all the time. C Because the voice of a famous person gives you warning messages frequently. D. Because singers or sports announcers tell you what to do in person. 12. A. More than 12,000. B. Over 15,000. C. About 11,000. D. Less than 10,000. 13. A. The driver will lose his job. B. The passengers will complain. C. The driver will be punished financially. D. The driver will be awarded 100 dollars. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Because they have advanced knowledge. B. Because they are flexible to change. C. Because they can find different jobs easily. D. Because they work in big companies. 15. A. People who have different skills. B. People who are good at communication. C. People who have received technical training. D. People who have rich work experience. 16. A. The comparison between social sciences and technical sciences. B. Strategies for landing a job easily. C. Social science majors’ advantages. D. The features of the current job market. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. His new job is near his home. B. He is used to the new workplace. C. He has a higher salary now. D. He is tired of the new job. 18. A. Because she likes living in the suburbs. B. Because she can afford it. C. Because her parents will live in Shanghai. D. Because her parents will pay a short visit to her. 19. A. He joined a bridge competition. B. He read a novel. C. He discussed a new book with neighbours. D. He looked for fun activities. 20. A. Tony enjoys the time he spends on the subway. B. Jane has decided to buy a small apartment in Tony’s neighbourhood. C. Jane’s parents don’t like living with young people. D. Tony’s home is close to the metro station. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (30 points) Directions: Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. She was about to sleep ________someone knocked at the door. A. when B. unless C. while D. with 2. I ________ in the countryside for ten years, and that’s why I know much about crops. A. had worked B. have worked C. was working D. working 3. It will be years ____ we make possible the creation of artificial intelligence capable of true human-like cognition. A. since B. before C. that D. when 4. She noticed the noise ________ Adam began to shout, but she continued studying. A. the instant B. for an instant C. in the instant D. on an instant 5. I get up early every morning ________ I can catch the first bus to school. A. if B. so that C. when D. though 6. ________ the rain was heavy, Lily still walked to school instead of taking a taxi. A. Although B. So C. Since D. As soon as 7. In the past, buildings often ________ the culture of a society, but today all modern buildings look alike. A. attracted B. tore C. related D. reflected 8. The main ________ of this city are its ancient castles and beautiful natural scenery. A. attractions B. problems C. customs D. histories 9. After watching the actor’s wonderful performance, the audience was ________ at his skill and passion. A. amazed B. tired C. afraid D. sure 10. When choosing a career, you need to think carefully and not ___ a decision in a hurry. A. contain B. make C. defend D. close 11. The teacher gave the class a math ________ that we need to finish before the next class. A. assignment B. attraction C. snack D. ruin 12. It’s ________ of Tom to forget his keys — he’s always been careless with small things. A. typical B. practical C. magical D. unusual 13. The government spokesman refused to ________ on the new policy until it was officially announced. A. comfort B. comment C. conflict D. context 14. This story is not real — it’s completely ________ and created by the writer’s imagination. A. sparkly B. genuine C. practical D. fictional 15. Before the deadline, all students must ________ their homework to the teacher via the platform. A. give up B. hand in C. put out D. take off Section B (15 points) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Increasingly, many ____16____ (variety) of phrases have been taking over a good old-fashioned “thank you” or “you’re welcome” in daily conversations in the United States. When Americans are ____17____ (dine) at a restaurant and a waiter comes by to ask them ____18____they would like more water or bread, do you notice that they often say “I’m good” rather than “no, thank you”? When someone thanks them for holding the door open, “no problem” is almost the same response as “you’re welcome”. Does this mean that we no longer make any effort ____19____(be) polite? Are Americans becoming ruder, abandoning traditional polite phrases, or are the words that they use now just updated versions of the same emotion? According to Lisa Gache, co-founder of Beverly Hills Manners, the decline of these magic words in our everyday conversation is ____20____(relate) to the preference for all things casual in our society today. Casual conversation, casual dress and casual behaviour are present in all areas of life. And there is little ____21____(doubtful) that Americans agree with her. A survey conducted by Rasmussen Reports revealed that 76 percent of those surveyed thought that Americans were becoming “ruder and ____22____(civil)”. But is using phrases like “no problem” or “you bet” or “enjoy” really rude? Does more casual phrasing ____23____(reflection) less gratitude? Doesn’t “no, thank you” sometimes sound a little too formal, perhaps even a little too harsh (刺耳) when it begins with a “no”? Emily Post, whose great-great-grandmother set the standard on manners with the book Etiquette, thought that ____24____ the principles of respect and consideration are “universal and timeless”, actual manners vary over time and between cultures, so do the words used to express gratitude and appreciation. It’s probably not a bad idea ____25____ (remember) to say “please” and “thank you”, but don’t beat yourself up thinking you’re a horrible person if you say “have a good one” instead of “have a nice day”. Section C (15 points) Directions: After reading the passage below fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. published B. changed C. answer D. stayed E. independent F. spelling G. expression H. actually I. written J. borrowing K. increasingly Many students want to know about the differences between American English and British English. How did these differences come about? There is no quick ____26____ to this question. At first, the language in Britain and America was the same. In 1776, America became an ____27____ country. After that, the language slowly began to change. For a long time, the language in America ____28____ the same, while the language in England ____29____. For example, 300 years ago, the English talked about “fall”. Today, most British people talk about “autumn”, but Americans still talk about “fall”. In the same way Americans still use the ____30____“I guess” (meaning “I think”), just as the British did 300 years ago. At the same time, British English and American English started ____31____ words from other languages, ending up with different words. For example, the British took “typhoon” from Chinese, while the Americans took “tornado” from Spanish. In 1828, Noah Webster ____32____ the first American dictionary. He wanted to make American English different from British English, so he changed the ____33____ of many words. That’s why the words “colour”, “centre” and “traveller” are spelt “color”, “center” and “traveler” in American English. Except for these differences in spelling, ____34____English is more or less the same in both British and American English. Now English has become ____35____ popular. English people have begun to learn the relatively simple American English, and even other countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, South Africa and India, have begun to learn American English. Ⅲ. Reading comprehension Section A (15 points) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word that best fits the context. Listening, speaking, reading and writing are necessary to everyday life, where language is the primary tool for expression and communication. Studying how people use language — what words and phrases we unknowingly ____36____ — can help us better understand ourselves and why we behave the way we do. Linguists attempt to ____37____ what is individual and general about the language we use. They also try to find how it came into use and the ways it ____38____ over time. After researches, they consider language as a cultural, social and mental thing. “Understanding why and how languages are different from one another tells about what is human, and in contrast, discovering what’s ____39____ about languages can help us understand the heart of our humanity,” said Dan Jurafsky, the Professor in Humanities and chair of the Department of Linguistics at Stanford. The stories below show some of the ways linguists have ____40____ many parts of language. Stanford linguists have found that even the smallest differences in language use is ____41____ the speakers’ belief, according to research. One study finds that a(n) ____42____ harmless sentence, such as “girls are as good as boys at math,” can in some way reflect sexist stereotypes (性别刻板印象). The statement’s grammatical form suggests that being good at math is more ____43____ for boys than girls, the researchers said. Language can play a(n) ____44____ role in showing how we and others understand the world. Studying other languages helps us have a better understanding of _____45_____ around the world. People speak about 7,000 languages worldwide. Although there are a lot of similar things among languages, each one is _____46_____, both in its structure and in the way it reflects the culture of the people who speak it. Jurafsky advised that we shouldn’t only _____47_____ our own language — it’s also important to study other languages and how they develop as time changes. They can help us understand what is rooted in humans’ different way of communicating with one another. Linguists study how certain speech models match special _____48_____, including how language can influence the buying decision or their social media use, and they both vary a lot among people. _____49_____, in one research paper, a group of Stanford researchers examined the differences in how two parties — Republicans and Democrats, who have different ways of speech, express themselves online. The purpose is to help us know how a(n) _____50_____ difference of beliefs can occur on social media. “Understanding what different groups of people say and why is the first step in deciding how we can help bring people together,” Jurafsky said. 36. A. analyze B. choose C. recall D. pronounce 37. A. create B. range C. determine D. maintain 38. A. changes B. signals C. selects D. strengthens 39. A. confusing B. rewarding C. ironic D. common 40. A. mastered B. researched C. described D. developed 41. A. ahead of B. relevant to C. taken away from D. held back by 42. A. seemingly B. individually C. embarrassingly D. occasionally 43. A. specific B. tempting C. formal D. natural 44. A. faulty B. secondary C. relaxing D. essential 45. A. communication B. harshness C. establishment D. distance 46. A. limited B. useful C. exceptional D. current 47. A. point to B. center around C. leave behind D. argue over 48. A. comments B. achievements C. confusions D. behaviors 49 A. On the contrary B. In summary C. For example D. As a result 50. A. dramatic B. disgusting C. balanced D. slight Section B (22 points) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids (金字塔). They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet. The most famous of these are the step pyramid and the Bent pyramid. Some of the pyramids still look much as they must have been when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stones to use in modern buildings. The dry climate of Egypt has helped to keep the pyramids in good condition, and their very shape has made them less likely to fall into ruin. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last forever. The step pyramid had to be on the west side of the Nile (尼罗河), the side on which the sun sets. This was for spiritual reasons. It also had to stand well above the level of the river to protect it against the regular floods. It could not be too far from the Nile, however, as the stones to build it needed to be carried in boats down the river to the nearest point. Water transport was, of course, much easier than land transport. The builders also had to find a rock base which was not likely to crack under the great weight of the pyramid. Finally, it had to be near the capital, or better still, near the king’s palace so that he could visit it easily and personally check the progress being made on the final resting place for his body. 51. Most of the damage to the pyramids has been caused by ________. A. stones B. rivers C. weather D. men 52. According to the passage, the step pyramid ________. A. is unlikely to fall into ruin in the future B. was built on the sand along the Nile C. is the one that was built later than the true pyramids D. is the most famous of the true pyramids 53. The most important reason why some pyramids remain in good condition is that ________. A. people have taken care of them B. it doesn’t rain often in Egypt C. they were well designed D. the government has protected them from damage 54. The Egyptians built the pyramids along the bank of the Nile because ________ A. they believed in their god B. it was difficult to find a large rock base far from the Nile C. the river helped a lot in the transport of building materials D. it was not easy to choose a suitable place for the pyramids B Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms—disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (7miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 55. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 56. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 57. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. D. Safety lights. C One might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere, and every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as the “last paradise(天堂) on earth”. However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of sea-side holidays, over-crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal. Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. In recent years, Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education. Its forests, full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise. In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest land. Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers, with the consequent exploitation of precious trees and plants. Not only the environment of a country can suffer from the sudden growth of tourism. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn't happier in his village working his own land. Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people. The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies. Increased understanding in planning world-wide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. If not, in a few years’ time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed. 58. What does the author indicate in the last sentence of Paragraph 1? A. The Pacific island is a paradise. B. The Pacific island is worth visiting. C. The advertisement is not convincing. D. The advertisement is not impressive 59. The example of Nepal is used to suggest _________ . A. its natural resources are untouched. B. its forests are exploited for farmland C. it develops well in health and education. D. it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists. 60. What can we learn about the farmers from Paragraph 4 ? A. They are happy to work their own lands. B. They have to please the tourists for a living. C. They have to struggle for their independence. D. They are proud of working in multi-national organizations. 61. Which of the following determines the future of tourism ? A. The number of tourists B. The improvement of services. C. The promotion of new products. D. The management of tourism Section C (8 points) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. We often focus on building relationships with others that we forget the essential first step: being friends of ourselves. ____62____ How can we have good relationships with others if we don’t even have good relationships with ourselves? The problem might be worse than we expect. Maybe we don’t like ourselves without realizing it. Here is a simple checklist: Is there anything you don’t like about yourself from these lists? Your past: Maybe you have made mistakes in the past which you feel bad about. ____63____ Even if that happened in distant past, your subconscious(潜意识的) mind still has a reason not to like yourself. Your background: You might wish that you were born in a different family, or that you have a different background. Maybe you could not accept the fact that you are not as lucky as others. They seem to get whatever they want effortlessly because of their background. Your personal features: You might have some personality features that you don’t like. For example, you may be an introvert(内向的) and you don’t like it; you wish you were an extrovert. Others might have better achievements than you, and no matter how hard you tried, it might seem impossible for you to match them. ____64____ Is there anything that resonate (共鸣) with you? All these give reasons to you not to like yourself. That in turn makes it difficult for you to be a good friend to yourself. ____65____ Here are some tips: Forgive yourself; Accept things you can’t change; Focus on your strengths; Write your success stories; Stop comparing yourself with others; Always be true to yourself. A. That is the first step if we are to have good relationships with others. B. You might think that it’s because you are not smart enough or don’t have enough talents. C. You can do something to improve the relationships with others. D. Fortunately, there are always things you can do to fix the situation. E. You might be disappointed with yourself on why you make such mistakes. F. Sometimes you might not believe yourself. IV. Translation (20 points) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 66. 这本小说写得太好了，以至于我移不开眼。（tear） (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 67. 每次我旅游的时候，我尽力找几家不错的餐厅，品尝一些美食。（effort）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________ 68. 结果证明水资源的短缺是一个相当重要的问题。(turn out)(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 69. 电话里说好的马上送到, 但是等了一个小时我们的午餐还没送达。(deliver)(汉译英) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 领科普高部2025学年高一上学期英语期中考试 (时间：120分钟 满分：150分) I. Listening Comprehension Section A (10 points) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At home. B. In a school. C. In a lecture hall. D. In a restaurant. 2. A. $50. B. $100. C. $150. D. $200. 3. A. He will help the woman read the tourist map. B. He will show the woman around the palace. C. He will follow the woman to the main gate of the palace. D. He will show the woman the way to the gate. 4. A. The summers are even hotter in Hong Kong. B. He wishes that he were in Hong Kong last summer. C. It is difficult to compare the summers in different places. D. Hong Kong is the hottest place in the world. 5. A. The woman gave the ticket to the man. B. The woman went to see the comedy. C. The man didn’t go to see the comedy. D. The woman had two tickets. 6. A. At least, she enjoys her college life. B. College life hasn’t changed much since last year. C. She has many new friends. D. It is easier to find her way around this year. 7. A. He was an interesting guy. B. He deserved the title. C. He was very lucky to win the honor. D. His life was different from other people’s. 8. A. It will be an excellent facility in the neighbourhood. B. It isn’t needed. C. It should be built quickly. D. It is time to go swimming. 9. A. The woman insists on going out. B. The man promised her a gift on her birthday. C. The man is too tired to go out. D. The woman prefers to stay at home on their wedding anniversary. 10. A. She used to be thinner. B. She doesn’t eat much. C. She knows how to dress herself. D. She seems to have lost weight. Section B (15 points) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passage. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Because there are so many people and cars around you. B. Because the taxi driver talks to you all the time. C. Because the voice of a famous person gives you warning messages frequently. D. Because singers or sports announcers tell you what to do in person. 12. A. More than 12,000. B. Over 15,000. C. About 11,000. D. Less than 10,000. 13 A. The driver will lose his job. B. The passengers will complain. C. The driver will be punished financially. D. The driver will be awarded 100 dollars. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Because they have advanced knowledge. B. Because they are flexible to change. C. Because they can find different jobs easily. D. Because they work in big companies. 15. A. People who have different skills. B. People who are good at communication. C. People who have received technical training. D. People who have rich work experience. 16. A. The comparison between social sciences and technical sciences. B. Strategies for landing a job easily. C. Social science majors’ advantages. D. The features of the current job market. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. His new job is near his home. B. He is used to the new workplace. C. He has a higher salary now. D. He is tired of the new job. 18. A. Because she likes living in the suburbs. B. Because she can afford it. C. Because her parents will live in Shanghai. D. Because her parents will pay a short visit to her. 19. A. He joined a bridge competition. B. He read a novel. C. He discussed a new book with neighbours. D. He looked for fun activities. 20. A. Tony enjoys the time he spends on the subway. B. Jane has decided to buy a small apartment in Tony’s neighbourhood. C. Jane’s parents don’t like living with young people. D. Tony’s home is close to the metro station. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (30 points) Directions: Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. She was about to sleep ________someone knocked at the door. A. when B. unless C. while D. with 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：她正要睡觉，这时有人敲门。根据“was about to sleep”和“someone knocked at the door”的语境可知，此处是固定句型：be about to do...when...“正要做某事……这时……”。故选A。 2. I ________ in the countryside for ten years, and that’s why I know much about crops. A. had worked B. have worked C. was working D. working 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我在农村工作了十年，这就是为什么我对农作物很了解。根据时间状语“for ten years”可知，此处表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，使用现在完成时，谓语用have worked。故选B。 3. It will be years ____ we make possible the creation of artificial intelligence capable of true human-like cognition. A. since B. before C. that D. when 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查从属连词。句意：还要过很多年，我们才能实现具备真正类人认知能力的人工智能的研发。A. since自从；B. before在……之前；C. that无实义，引导名词性从句或定语从句；D. when当……时候。It will be+时间段+ before引导的时间状语从句是固定句型，表示“要过多久才……”，符合本句语境。故选B。 4. She noticed the noise ________ Adam began to shout, but she continued studying. A. the instant B. for an instant C. in the instant D. on an instant 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词短语辨析。句意：Adam一开始大喊，她就注意到了噪音，但她还是继续学习。A. the instant一……就……；B. for an instant片刻，一瞬间；C. in the instant(无此搭配)；D. on an instant(无此搭配)。此处the instant为名词短语充当连词使用，意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。故选A。 5. I get up early every morning ________ I can catch the first bus to school. A if B. so that C. when D. though 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：我每天早上早起，以便能赶上第一班去学校的公交车。 A. if如果；B. so that为了，以便；C. when当……时候；D. though虽然。 由语意可知，早起的目的是赶上早班车，此处用so that引导目的状语从句。 故选B项。 6. ________ the rain was heavy, Lily still walked to school instead of taking a taxi. A. Although B. So C. Since D. As soon as 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：虽然雨很大，莉莉还是步行去上学而不是坐出租车。A. Although虽然，尽管；B. So所以；C. Since自从，因为；D. As soon as一……就。根据“the rain was heavy”与“Lily still walked to school”可知，前后存在让步关系，应用although引导让步状语从句。故选A项。 7. In the past, buildings often ________ the culture of a society, but today all modern buildings look alike. A. attracted B. tore C. related D. reflected 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去，建筑常常反映一个社会的文化，但如今所有现代建筑看起来都一样。A. attracted吸引；B. tore撕裂；C. related联系；D. reflected反映。根据后文“the culture of a society”可知，过去的建筑能够反映社会文化。故选D项。 8. The main ________ of this city are its ancient castles and beautiful natural scenery. A. attractions B. problems C. customs D. histories 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这座城市的主要景点是它的古老城堡和美丽的自然风光。A. attractions吸引力，景点；B. problems问题；C. customs习俗；D. histories历史。根据“its ancient castles and beautiful natural scenery”可知，古老城堡和自然风光是城市的主要景点。故选 A。 9. After watching the actor’s wonderful performance, the audience was ________ at his skill and passion. A. amazed B. tired C. afraid D. sure 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：观看完这位演员精彩的表演后，观众对他的技艺和热情感到惊叹。A. amazed感到惊叹的，惊讶的；B. tired疲惫的；C. afraid害怕的；D. sure确定的。根据“the actor’s wonderful performance”可知，观众应是对演员的技艺和热情感到惊叹。故选A。 10. When choosing a career, you need to think carefully and not ___ a decision in a hurry. A. contain B. make C. defend D. close 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：选择职业时，你需要仔细考虑，不要匆忙做决定。A. contain 包含；B. make 做出；C. defend保卫；D. close关闭。结合空后的a decision可知，选项中只有make可以与之搭配构成make a decision短语，表示“做决定”，符合本句语义。故选B。 11. The teacher gave the class a math ________ that we need to finish before the next class. A. assignment B. attraction C. snack D. ruin 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：老师给全班布置了一项数学作业，我们需要在下节课之前完成。A. assignment作业，任务；B. attraction吸引力，景点；C. snack小吃，点心；D. ruin毁灭，废墟。根据before the next class可知，此处指的是老师布置的学习任务 —— 作业，assignment符合句意，故选A项。 12. It’s ________ of Tom to forget his keys — he’s always been careless with small things. A. typical B. practical C. magical D. unusual 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：汤姆忘记带钥匙是很典型的 —— 他对小事总是很粗心。A. typical典型的，特有的；B. practical实用的；C. magical神奇的；D. unusual不寻常的。根据“he’s always been careless with small things”可知，忘记带钥匙是汤姆的典型表现，typical符合语境，且“it’s typical of sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“某人做某事是典型的”。故选A。 13. The government spokesman refused to ________ on the new policy until it was officially announced. A comfort B. comment C. conflict D. context 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：新政策正式公布之前，政府发言人拒绝对此发表评论。A. comfort安慰；B. comment发表评论；C. conflict冲突，抵触；D. context上下文，名词。根据“until it was officially announced.”可知，政府发言人拒绝对此发表评论，用动词comment。故选B。 14. This story is not real — it’s completely ________ and created by the writer’s imagination. A. sparkly B. genuine C. practical D. fictional 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个故事不是真的——它完全是虚构的，由作者的想象创作出来的。A. sparkly闪耀的；B. genuine真实的；C. practical实际的；D. fictional虚构的。根据前文“This story is not real”以及后文“created by the writer’s imagination.”可知，这个故事是虚构的。故选D项。 15. Before the deadline, all students must ________ their homework to the teacher via the platform. A. give up B. hand in C. put out D. take off 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在截止日期前，所有学生必须通过平台向老师上交作业。A. give up 放弃；B. hand in 上交；C. put out 扑灭；D. take off 脱下，起飞。由语意可知，学生向老师提交作业应用“上交”。故选B项。 Section B (15 points) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Increasingly, many ____16____ (variety) of phrases have been taking over a good old-fashioned “thank you” or “you’re welcome” in daily conversations in the United States. When Americans are ____17____ (dine) at a restaurant and a waiter comes by to ask them ____18____they would like more water or bread, do you notice that they often say “I’m good” rather than “no, thank you”? When someone thanks them for holding the door open, “no problem” is almost the same response as “you’re welcome”. Does this mean that we no longer make any effort ____19____(be) polite? Are Americans becoming ruder, abandoning traditional polite phrases, or are the words that they use now just updated versions of the same emotion? According to Lisa Gache, co-founder of Beverly Hills Manners, the decline of these magic words in our everyday conversation is ____20____(relate) to the preference for all things casual in our society today. Casual conversation, casual dress and casual behaviour are present in all areas of life. And there is little ____21____(doubtful) that Americans agree with her. A survey conducted by Rasmussen Reports revealed that 76 percent of those surveyed thought that Americans were becoming “ruder and ____22____(civil)”. But is using phrases like “no problem” or “you bet” or “enjoy” really rude? Does more casual phrasing ____23____(reflection) less gratitude? Doesn’t “no, thank you” sometimes sound a little too formal, perhaps even a little too harsh (刺耳的) when it begins with a “no”? Emily Post, whose great-great-grandmother set the standard on manners with the book Etiquette, thought that ____24____ the principles of respect and consideration are “universal and timeless”, actual manners vary over time and between cultures, so do the words used to express gratitude and appreciation. It’s probably not a bad idea ____25____ (remember) to say “please” and “thank you”, but don’t beat yourself up thinking you’re a horrible person if you say “have a good one” instead of “have a nice day”. 【答案】16. varieties 17. dining 18. whether##if 19. to be 20. related 21. doubt 22. less civil 23. reflect 24. while##though##although 25. to remember 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国日常对话中传统礼貌用语被各类短语替代的现象，探讨其与社会随意趋势的关联，以及礼貌用语的本质是尊重与体谅。 【16题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：在美国的日常对话中，越来越多的短语已经取代了老式的“谢谢”或“不客气”。variety为可数名词，空前有many修饰，需用复数形式，variety的复数是varieties。故填varieties。 【17题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：当美国人在餐馆用餐时，服务员过来询问他们是否需要更多的水或面包，你会注意到他们经常说“我很好”而不是“不用了，谢谢”吗？此处为时间状语从句的谓语动词，根据语境和主句的一般现在时，结合从句中are可知，此处用现在进行时，表示正在进行的动作，结构为am/is/are+doing，dine的现在分词是dining。故填dining。 【18题详解】 考查连词。句意：当美国人在餐馆用餐时，服务员过来询问他们是否需要更多的水或面包，你会注意到他们经常说“我很好”而不是“不用了，谢谢”吗？空格处引导宾语从句，作ask的宾语，结合句意，此处表示“是否”，所以用连词if/whether。故填if/whether。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这是否意味着我们不再努力保持礼貌？make an effort to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“努力做某事”。故填to be。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：贝弗利山礼仪公司的联合创始人莉萨·加奇表示，这些神奇词汇在我们日常对话中的减少与当今社会对一切随意事物的偏好有关。be related to为固定搭配，意为“与……有关”，此处需用形容词related作表语。故填related。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：毫无疑问，美国人同意她的观点。there is little doubt that为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”。故填doubt。 【22题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：拉斯穆森报告进行的一项调查显示，76%的受访者认为美国人变得“更粗鲁、更不文明”。根据and前的ruder可知，此处需用形容词比较级，结合句意，此处表示“更不文明”，less civil符合题意。故填less civil。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：更随意的措辞是否反映出更少的感激之情？此处为一般疑问句，助动词Does后接动词原形，reflection的动词形式是reflect，意为“反映”。故填reflect。 【24题详解】 考查连词。句意：艾米丽·波斯特的曾曾祖母以《礼仪》一书奠定了礼仪的标准，她认为，尽管尊重和体谅的原则是“普遍且永恒的”，但实际的礼仪会随着时间和文化的不同而变化，表达感激和赞赏的词语也是如此。空格前后为转折让步关系，所以用连词while/though/although引导让步状语从句。故填while/though/although。 【25题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：记住说“请”和“谢谢”可能不是一个坏主意，但如果你说“祝你愉快”而不是“祝你今天愉快”，不要自责认为自己是个糟糕的人。It’s not a bad idea to do sth.为固定句型，It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。故填to remember。 Section C (15 points) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. published B. changed C. answer D. stayed E. independent F. spelling G. expression H. actually I. written J. borrowing K. increasingly Many students want to know about the differences between American English and British English. How did these differences come about? There is no quick ____26____ to this question. At first, the language in Britain and America was the same. In 1776, America became an ____27____ country. After that, the language slowly began to change. For a long time, the language in America ____28____ the same, while the language in England ____29____. For example, 300 years ago, the English talked about “fall”. Today, most British people talk about “autumn”, but Americans still talk about “fall”. In the same way Americans still use the ____30____“I guess” (meaning “I think”), just as the British did 300 years ago. At the same time, British English and American English started ____31____ words from other languages, ending up with different words. For example, the British took “typhoon” from Chinese, while the Americans took “tornado” from Spanish. In 1828, Noah Webster ____32____ the first American dictionary. He wanted to make American English different from British English, so he changed the ____33____ of many words. That’s why the words “colour”, “centre” and “traveller” are spelt “color”, “center” and “traveler” in American English. Except for these differences in spelling, ____34____English is more or less the same in both British and American English. Now English has become ____35____ popular. English people have begun to learn the relatively simple American English, and even other countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, South Africa and India, have begun to learn American English. 【答案】26. C 27. E 28. D 29. B 30. G 31. J 32. A 33. F 34. I 35. K 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍英美英语差异的产生原因及主要表现。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：对于这个问题没有快速的答案。空处前有形容词quick修饰，需填名词，结合语境，前文提出“ How did these differences come about? ”的问题，此处指“没有快速的答案”，名词answer“答案”符合题意。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查形容词。句意：1776年，美国成为一个独立的国家。空处作定语修饰名词country，需填形容词，结合历史常识，1776年美国独立，形容词independent“独立的”符合题意。故选E。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：很长一段时间里，美国的语言保持不变，而英国的语言发生了变化。文章整体为一般过去时，空处作谓语，结合后文while表对比，以及“Americans still talk about ‘fall’”可知，美国的语言“保持”不变，动词stayed“保持”符合题意。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：很长一段时间里，美国的语言保持不变，而英国的语言发生了变化。文章整体为一般过去时，空处作谓语，结合前文“the language slowly began to change”及while表对比可知，此处指英国的语言“发生了变化”，动词changed“变化”符合题意。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：同样地，美国人仍然使用“我猜”（意思是“我认为”）这种表达，就像300年前英国人做的那样。空处前有定冠词the修饰，需填名词，“I guess”是一种语言表达，名词expression“表达”符合题意。故选G。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：与此同时，英式英语和美式英语开始从其他语言中借用词汇，最终产生了不同的词汇。start doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“开始做某事”，结合后文“the British took ‘typhoon’ from Chinese”可知，此处指“借用”词汇，动词borrowing“借用”符合题意。故选J。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：1828年，诺亚·韦伯斯特出版了第一本美式词典。文章此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，空处作谓语，结合“the first American dictionary”可知，此处指“出版”词典，动词published“出版”符合题意。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：他想让美式英语与英式英语有所不同，所以他改变了许多单词的拼写。空处前有定冠词the修饰，需填名词，结合后文colour与color、centre与center的对比可知，此处指改变单词的“拼写”，名词spelling“拼写”符合题意。故选F。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。句意：除了这些拼写差异外，书面英语在英式英语和美式英语中大致相同。空处作定语修饰名词English，结合语境，前文讨论拼写差异，此处指“书面英语”，形容词written“书面的”符合题意。故选I。 【35题详解】 考查副词。句意：现在英语变得越来越受欢迎。空处修饰形容词popular，需填副词，结合后文“English people have begun to learn...”及其他国家学习美式英语的情况，可知英语“越来越”受欢迎，副词increasingly“越来越多地”符合题意。故选K。 Ⅲ. Reading comprehension Section A (15 points) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word that best fits the context. Listening, speaking, reading and writing are necessary to everyday life, where language is the primary tool for expression and communication. Studying how people use language — what words and phrases we unknowingly ____36____ — can help us better understand ourselves and why we behave the way we do. Linguists attempt to ____37____ what is individual and general about the language we use. They also try to find how it came into use and the ways it ____38____ over time. After researches, they consider language as a cultural, social and mental thing. “Understanding why and how languages are different from one another tells about what is human, and in contrast, discovering what’s ____39____ about languages can help us understand the heart of our humanity,” said Dan Jurafsky, the Professor in Humanities and chair of the Department of Linguistics at Stanford. The stories below show some of the ways linguists have ____40____ many parts of language. Stanford linguists have found that even the smallest differences in language use is ____41____ the speakers’ belief, according to research. One study finds that a(n) ____42____ harmless sentence, such as “girls are as good as boys at math,” can in some way reflect sexist stereotypes (性别刻板印象). The statement’s grammatical form suggests that being good at math is more ____43____ for boys than girls, the researchers said. Language can play a(n) ____44____ role in showing how we and others understand the world. Studying other languages helps us have a better understanding of _____45_____ around the world. People speak about 7,000 languages worldwide. Although there are a lot of similar things among languages, each one is _____46_____, both in its structure and in the way it reflects the culture of the people who speak it. Jurafsky advised that we shouldn’t only _____47_____ our own language — it’s also important to study other languages and how they develop as time changes. They can help us understand what is rooted in humans’ different way of communicating with one another. Linguists study how certain speech models match special _____48_____, including how language can influence the buying decision or their social media use, and they both vary a lot among people. _____49_____, in one research paper, a group of Stanford researchers examined the differences in how two parties — Republicans and Democrats, who have different ways of speech, express themselves online. The purpose is to help us know how a(n) _____50_____ difference of beliefs can occur on social media. “Understanding what different groups of people say and why is the first step in deciding how we can help bring people together,” Jurafsky said. 36. A. analyze B. choose C. recall D. pronounce 37. A. create B. range C. determine D. maintain 38. A. changes B. signals C. selects D. strengthens 39. A. confusing B. rewarding C. ironic D. common 40. A. mastered B. researched C. described D. developed 41. A. ahead of B. relevant to C. taken away from D. held back by 42. A. seemingly B. individually C. embarrassingly D. occasionally 43. A. specific B. tempting C. formal D. natural 44. A. faulty B. secondary C. relaxing D. essential 45. A. communication B. harshness C. establishment D. distance 46. A. limited B. useful C. exceptional D. current 47. A. point to B. center around C. leave behind D. argue over 48. A. comments B. achievements C. confusions D. behaviors 49. A. On the contrary B. In summary C. For example D. As a result 50. A. dramatic B. disgusting C. balanced D. slight 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. B 41. B 42. A 43. D 44. D 45. A 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了语言在日常生活中的重要性，研究语言能使我们更好的理解自己。 【36题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人们如何使用语言——我们在不知不觉中选择了哪些单词和短语——可以帮助我们更好地了解自己，以及为什么我们会有这样的行为方式。A. analyze分析；B. choose选择；C. recall召回；D. pronounce发音。根据前文“what words and phrases we unknowingly”和后文“can help us better understand ourselves and why we behave the way we do”可知，人们在不知不觉中选择了某些单词和短语，这可以帮助我们更好地了解自己。故选B项。 【37题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：语言学家试图确定我们所使用的语言的独特性和普遍性。A. create创造；B. range(在一定的范围内)变化，变动；C. determine确定；D. maintain维持。根据后文“what is individual and general about the language we use”可知，语言学家试图确定我们所使用的语言的独特性和普遍性。故选C项。 【38题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们还试图找出它是如何被使用的，以及随着时间的推移它是如何变化的。A. changes变化；B. signals信号；C. selects选择；D. strengthens强项。根据“over time”以及倒数第三段中“how they develop as time changes”可知，语言学家试图找出随着时间的推移语言是如何变化的。故选A项。 【39题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：斯坦福大学人文学科教授、语言学系主任Dan Jurafsky说：“理解语言之间的差异，可以告诉我们什么是人类；相反，发现语言的共同点，可以帮助我们理解人性的核心。”A. confusing令人困惑的；B. rewarding值得的；C. ironic讽刺的；D. common共同的。根据前文“Understanding why and how languages are different from one another tells about what is human, and in contrast, discovering what’s”可知，前后是形成对比，前半句是语言的不同，后半句是指语言的共同点。故选D项。 【40题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：下面的故事展示了语言学家研究语言许多部分的一些方法。A. mastered掌握；B. researched研究；C. described描述；D. developed发展。根据语境和下一段第一句中“according to research”可知，下面是关于语言学家对语言的研究。故选B项。 【41题详解】 考查固定搭配词义辨析。句意：斯坦福大学的语言学家发现，根据研究，即使是语言使用上最小的差异也与说话者的信念有关。A. ahead of领先；B. relevant to与...相关；C. taken away from被带离；D. held back by被阻止。根据常识和前文“even the smallest differences in language use is”及后文“the speakers’ belief”可知，即使是语言使用上最小的差异也与说话者的信念有关。故选B项。 【42题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：一项研究发现，一个看似无伤害的句子，比如“女孩数学和男孩一样好”，在某种程度上可能反映了性别歧视的刻板印象。A. seemingly似乎；B. individually单独地；C. embarrassingly令人尴尬地；D. occasionally偶尔地。根据后文“harmless sentence, such as “girls are as good as boys at math,” can in some way reflect sexist stereotypes (性别刻板印象)”可知，在某种程度上可能反映了性别歧视的刻板印象的句子，看起来似乎并无伤害。故选A项。 【43题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员说，这句话的语法形式表明，男孩比女孩擅长数学是很正常自然的。A. specific具体的；B. tempting诱人的；C. formal正式的；D. natural自然的，正常的。根据常识和前文“such as “girls are as good as boys at math,” can in some way reflect sexist stereotypes being good at math is more”可知，这句话暗示了男孩比女孩擅长数学是很正常的，自然的事儿。故选D项。 【44题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：语言在展示我们和他人如何理解世界方面发挥着至关重要的作用。A. faulty错误的；B. secondary次要的；C. relaxing轻松的；D. essential必不可少的，极其重要的。根据常识和后文“in showing how we and others understand the world”并结合选项可知，语言在展示我们和他人如何理解世界方面发挥着至关重要的作用。故选D项。 【45题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：学习其他语言有助于我们更好地理解世界各地的交流。A. communication沟通，交流；B. harshness严酷；C. establishment建立；D. distance远方。根据常识和前文“Studying other languages helps us have a better understanding”可知，学习其他语言有助于我们更好地理解世界各地的交流。故选A项。 【46题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然语言之间有很多相似之处，但每一种语言都是独特的，无论是在其结构上，还是在它反映说这种语言的人的文化的方式上。A. limited有限的；B. useful有用的；C. exceptional独特的；D. current流行的。根据前文“Although there are a lot of similar things among languages”的转折语义可知，虽然语言之间有很多相似之处，但每一种语言都是独特的。故选C项。 【47题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Jurafsky建议，我们不应该只关注自己的语言——学习其他语言以及它们是如何随着时间的变化而发展的也很重要。A. point to指向；B. center around围绕，集中于；C. leave behind留下；D. argue over争论。根据前文“we shouldn’t only”和后文“our own language — it’s also important to study other languages and how they develop as time changes”可知，Jurafsky建议，人们不应该只关注自己的语言，也要学习其他语言。故选B项。 【48题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：语言学家研究特定的语言模型如何与特殊行为相匹配，包括语言如何影响购买决策或他们对社交媒体的使用，而这两者在人与人之间都有很大差异。A. comments评论；B. achievements成就；C. confusions困惑；D. behaviors行为。根据后文“including how language can influence the buying decision or their social media use”可知，语言学家研究特定的语言模型如何与特殊行为相匹配。故选D项。 【49题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，在一篇研究论文中，斯坦福大学的一组研究人员调查了两党——共和党和民主党——在网上表达自己的方式上的差异，这两党有着不同的言论方式。A. On the contrary相反；B. In summary总结；C. For example例如；D. As a result因此。根据后文“in one research paper, a group of Stanford researchers examined the differences in how two parties — Republicans and Democrats, who have different ways of speech, express themselves online”可知，后面列举的是一个例子。故选C项。 【50题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：目的是帮助我们了解信念的巨大差异是如何在社交媒体上发生的。A. dramatic戏剧性的，巨大的；B. disgusting令人恶心的；C. balanced平衡的；D. slight轻微的。根据前文“Linguists study how certain speech models match special ____13____, including how language can influence the buying decision or their social media use, and they both vary a lot among people.”和举例可知，举例的目的是为了帮助我们了解信念的巨大差异是如何在社交媒体上发生的。故选A项。 Section B (22 points) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids (金字塔). They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet. The most famous of these are the step pyramid and the Bent pyramid. Some of the pyramids still look much as they must have been when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stones to use in modern buildings. The dry climate of Egypt has helped to keep the pyramids in good condition, and their very shape has made them less likely to fall into ruin. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last forever. The step pyramid had to be on the west side of the Nile (尼罗河), the side on which the sun sets. This was for spiritual reasons. It also had to stand well above the level of the river to protect it against the regular floods. It could not be too far from the Nile, however, as the stones to build it needed to be carried in boats down the river to the nearest point. Water transport was, of course, much easier than land transport. The builders also had to find a rock base which was not likely to crack under the great weight of the pyramid. Finally, it had to be near the capital, or better still, near the king’s palace so that he could visit it easily and personally check the progress being made on the final resting place for his body. 51. Most of the damage to the pyramids has been caused by ________. A. stones B. rivers C. weather D. men 52. According to the passage, the step pyramid ________. A. is unlikely to fall into ruin in the future B. was built on the sand along the Nile C. is the one that was built later than the true pyramids D. is the most famous of the true pyramids 53. The most important reason why some pyramids remain in good condition is that ________. A. people have taken care of them B. it doesn’t rain often in Egypt C. they were well designed D. the government has protected them from damage 54. The Egyptians built the pyramids along the bank of the Nile because ________ A. they believed in their god B. it was difficult to find a large rock base far from the Nile C. the river helped a lot in the transport of building materials D. it was not easy to choose a suitable place for the pyramids 【答案】51. D 52. A 53. C 54. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了金字塔是世界最古老石建筑，能保存至今主要因设计精良、气候干燥且人为破坏有限。阶梯金字塔选址尼罗河西侧，兼顾宗教、防洪、运输与监督等需求。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stones to use in modern buildings.(其他金字塔所遭受的大部分损害都是由那些寻找宝藏的人造成的，或者说是由那些寻找可用于现代建筑的石头的人造成的)”可知，金字塔所遭受的大部分损毁都是由人类造成的。故选D。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet.(它们已经屹立了近5000年，而且看起来它们很可能会继续屹立数千年之久)”可知，阶梯金字塔在未来不太可能遭到破坏。故选A。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last forever.(这些就是它们至今仍能留存于世的充分理由，但或许最为重要的一点是，它们当初的设计初衷就是希望能够永恒存在下去)”可知，一些金字塔能够保持良好状态的最重要原因在于它们的设计十分精良。故选C。 【54题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“It could not be too far from the Nile, however, as the stones to build it needed to be carried in boats down the river to the nearest point. Water transport was, of course, much easier than land transport.(不过，它肯定离尼罗河不远，因为建造这座金字塔所需的石料需要用船只沿着河流运送到最近的地点。当然，水上运输要比陆路运输方便得多)”可知，埃及人建造金字塔时选择在尼罗河畔进行，因为这条河流在建筑材料的运输方面起到了很大的帮助作用。故选C。 B Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms—disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (7miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 55. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 56. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 57. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. D. Safety lights. 【答案】55. A 56. D 57. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇广告应用文。文章介绍了在Washington, D.C. 骑自行车旅行的四条路线的相关行程及注意事项。 【55题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.中的Reserve your spot before availability可知，这个骑行项目需要提前预约。故选A。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.中的Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks.可知，在这个活动中，你可以享受有趣的故事。故选D。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour中的All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.可知，所有骑行者都要装备反光背心和安全手电筒。故选D。 【点睛】本篇文章最容易出错的题是21题，究其原因是不熟悉词汇reserve的词义：预约。in advance意为“提前“。因此，高考前熟悉词汇和短语是重中之重的事情。Reserve your spot before availability — and the cherry blossoms — disappear在有效期和樱花消失前预约。 C One might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere, and every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as the “last paradise(天堂) on earth”. However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of sea-side holidays, over-crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal. Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. In recent years, Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education. Its forests, full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise. In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest land. Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers, with the consequent exploitation of precious trees and plants. Not only the environment of a country can suffer from the sudden growth of tourism. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn't happier in his village working his own land. Thankfully the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people. The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies. Increased understanding in planning world-wide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. If not, in a few years’ time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed. 58. What does the author indicate in the last sentence of Paragraph 1? A. The Pacific island is a paradise. B. The Pacific island is worth visiting. C. The advertisement is not convincing. D. The advertisement is not impressive 59. The example of Nepal is used to suggest _________ . A. its natural resources are untouched. B. its forests are exploited for farmland C. it develops well in health and education. D. it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists. 60. What can we learn about the farmers from Paragraph 4 ? A. They are happy to work their own lands. B. They have to please the tourists for a living. C. They have to struggle for their independence. D. They are proud of working in multi-national organizations. 61. Which of the following determines the future of tourism ? A. The number of tourists B. The improvement of services. C. The promotion of new products. D. The management of tourism 【答案】58. C 59. D 60. B 61. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。众所周知旅游业可以给当地经济发展带来无限商机，尤其是一些欠发达国家和地区。但是盲目无序地发展旅游业也会给当地环境带来危害，甚至是致命危害。那我们该怎样平衡旅游业和环保之间的关系呢？。 【58题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere,and every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as the “last paradise(天堂) on earth”.”（每个月都会看到某个地方在建一座新宾馆，每个月都会看到太平洋中的某个小岛打出广告“这儿是世上最后一处天堂。”）和第三段的“over-crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal. ”（过度拥挤的海滩和密布酒店已经开始失去它们的吸引力。）可推知，这样的广告已经没有什么说服力了，故选C。 【59题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of sea-side holidays, over-crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal. Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most.”（在那些通过海边度假方式来快速挣钱的国家，过度拥挤的海滩和密布酒店已经开始失去它们的吸引力。那些几乎没有旅游业经验的国家影响最大）和“In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest land.”（事实上，大自然很快就受到了成千上万游客到森林旅行带来的影响）可推知，作者引用尼泊尔发展旅游业是为了说明，现在这个国家正经受着旅游业带来的痛苦。故选D。 【60题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Once it was his back that bore the pain；now it is his smile that is exploited.”（过去是他的脊背在承受痛苦，现在是人们开发利用他的微笑）可推知，农民现在不得不以取悦游客谋生。故选B。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第一段的“The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. ”（未来十年，如何管理旅游业将决定旅游业和我们要去参观的国家的命运。）可知，未来旅游业的管理方式将决定旅游业的未来。故选D。 Section C (8 points) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. We often focus on building relationships with others that we forget the essential first step: being friends of ourselves. ____62____ How can we have good relationships with others if we don’t even have good relationships with ourselves? The problem might be worse than we expect. Maybe we don’t like ourselves without realizing it. Here is a simple checklist: Is there anything you don’t like about yourself from these lists? Your past: Maybe you have made mistakes in the past which you feel bad about. ____63____ Even if that happened in distant past, your subconscious(潜意识的) mind still has a reason not to like yourself. Your background: You might wish that you were born in a different family, or that you have a different background. Maybe you could not accept the fact that you are not as lucky as others. They seem to get whatever they want effortlessly because of their background. Your personal features: You might have some personality features that you don’t like. For example, you may be an introvert(内向的) and you don’t like it; you wish you were an extrovert. Others might have better achievements than you, and no matter how hard you tried, it might seem impossible for you to match them. ____64____ Is there anything that resonate (共鸣) with you? All these give reasons to you not to like yourself. That in turn makes it difficult for you to be a good friend to yourself. ____65____ Here are some tips: Forgive yourself; Accept things you can’t change; Focus on your strengths; Write your success stories; Stop comparing yourself with others; Always be true to yourself. A. That is the first step if we are to have good relationships with others. B. You might think that it’s because you are not smart enough or don’t have enough talents. C. You can do something to improve the relationships with others. D. Fortunately, there are always things you can do to fix the situation. E. You might be disappointed with yourself on why you make such mistakes. F. Sometimes you might not believe yourself. 【答案】62. A 63. E 64. B 65. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文。做自己的朋友是与他人建立关系的前提。文章分析了导致不喜欢自己的原因，提出了解决此问题的几条建议。 【62题详解】 上句提到我们常常专注于与他人建立关系，却忘记了最重要的第一步:做自己的朋友。下句提到如果我们连和自己都没有良好的关系，我们怎么能和别人有良好的关系呢?上下句都告诉我们做自己的朋友的重要性，这是与他人建立关系的前提。A项：这是我们与他人建立良好关系的第一步，承上启下，故选A。 【63题详解】 上句提到也许你过去犯过让你感到内疚的错误。下句：即使发生在遥远的过去,你的潜意识思想仍有理由不喜欢自己。说明了过去所犯错误对现在的影响，E项：你可能会对自己犯这样的错误感到失望。解释了对现在造成影响的原因，故选E。 【64题详解】 本段从个人特征方面分析不喜欢自己的原因，上句提到别人可能比你有更好的成就，无论你多么努力，你似乎不可能赶上他们。B项：你可能会认为这是因为你不够聪明或者没有足够的天赋，与上句连接，是从个人身上找不如别人的原因。故选B。 【65题详解】 上文分析了导致和自己没有良好关系的原因，下文给出了解决此问题的六条建议。D项：幸运的是，你总是可以做一些事情来解决这个问题。承上启下，引出了下文的六条建议，故选D。 IV. Translation (20 points) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 66. 这本小说写得太好了，以至于我移不开眼。（tear） (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This novel is so well-written that I can’t tear my eyes away from it. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型、固定搭配和时态。句子描述当前的状态和感受，用一般现在时；“这本小说写得太好了”：在句中作主句；“以至于我移不开眼”：作结果状语从句，整句用so/such... that...这一固定句型。“这本小说”在句中作主语，用“This novel”；“写得太好了”用“be well-written”，主语是单数，所以用“is well-written”；“太好”，修饰形容词，应用“so”表示“太；如此……”；整体为“is so well-written”；“以至于”用固定句型“so...that...”引导结果状语从句，在句中作连接词；“我”在从句中作主语，应用“I”；“移不开眼”应用固定搭配“can’t tear my eyes away from it”，其中“tear”是动词原形，与情态动词“can’t”连用，“my eyes”作宾语，“away from it”作地点状语，“it”指代小说。故翻译为“This novel is so well-written that I can’t tear my eyes away from it.” 67. 每次我旅游的时候，我尽力找几家不错的餐厅，品尝一些美食。（effort）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Every time I travel, I make an effort to find several good restaurants and taste some delicious food. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语和从句。句子陈述经常发生的行为，用一般现在时；“每次……的时候”用every time，引导时间状语从句，从句主语是I，谓语“旅行”用travel；主句主语是I，表示“尽力做某事”可用make an effort to do sth.，make作谓语，表示“找几家不错的餐厅”用find several good restaurants，表示“品尝一些美食”用taste some delicious food，find和taste为并列关系，且位于不定式符号to后，因此两者都用原形。故翻译为Every time I travel, I make an effort to find several good restaurants and taste some delicious food. 68. 结果证明水资源的短缺是一个相当重要的问题。(turn out)(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It turns out that the shortage of water resources is a quite important problem. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“结果证明”可用固定句型it turns out that...，从句主语“水资源短缺”为the shortage of water resources，谓语“是”用is，表语“一个相当重要的问题”用a quite important problem。故翻译为It turns out that the shortage of water resources is a quite important problem. 69. 电话里说好的马上送到, 但是等了一个小时我们的午餐还没送达。(deliver)(汉译英) 【答案】It had all been promised on the phone that our lunch would be delivered right away; however, an hour had passed and no food arrived. 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句和动词。根据所给中文提示词，“电话里说好的马上送到”可用主语从句来翻译，“电话里说好的”可译为“had all been promised on the phone”，“马上送到”可用that引导的主语从句，主句可用it作形式主语，根据题干要求，谓语动词需用deliver，译为“our lunch would be delivered right away”，“但是等了一个小时我们的午餐还没送达”可译为“however, an hour had passed and no food arrived”。故译为：It had all been promised on the phone that our lunch would be delivered right away; however, an hour had passed and no food arrived。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $