Unit 3 Growing Up Section A 核心知识点精讲精练-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元全方位精练（新教材人教版）

该初中英语Unit 3 Growing Up核心知识点精讲讲义通过思维导图系统构建知识体系，将Section A分为重点短语集锦、核心词汇解析、重难句型解析及其他知识解析模块，用表格呈现短语中英对照及词汇拓展，清晰梳理知识点内在逻辑与重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于“随学随练+知识过关”的分层设计，通过词汇填空、单句语法填空等题型巩固短语与词汇，结合lonely/alone辨析、when/until状语从句解析培养语言能力与思维品质。基础题帮助学生夯实基础，综合题提升应用能力，助力教师实施精准教学，支持学生自主复习。

Unit 3 Growing Up核心知识点精讲 1 (Section A) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section A部分包括本部分重点短语集锦、重点词汇解析、重难句型解析、其他知识解析等板块，核心知识点讲解中包含适当数量，多种类型的随学随练。配有“知识过关练习”，包含词汇填空、单句语法填空、单项填空、选词填空、翻译句子等题型。 · Section A部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语，斜体为听力文本中短语) 1. grow up 长大 2. *deal with 处理；对付 3. fail a test 考试不及格 4. live alone 单独居住 5. fight with 与...吵架，与...打架 6. get into a fight 吵架；打架 7. be special to sb. 对某人很特别 8. send sb. a text message 给某人发短信 9. pick up 捡起来；去接某人；接电话 10. not...anymore 不再... 11. advise sb. to do 建议某人做某事 12. borrow...from... 从/向...借... 13. stop doing 停止做某事 14. say hurtful things to... 对...说伤感情的话 15. control one’s fear / anger 控制某人的害怕/愤怒 16. say sorry to each other 相互道歉 17. feel bad/upset about 对...感到很糟糕/沮丧的 18. *in future 今后；从今以后   19. mean to do 打算做某事；有意做某事 20. care about 关心，在意 21. accept one’s suggestion 接受某人的建议 22. *so that 为了，因此 23. *clean the air 尽释前嫌 24. mean ... to sb. 对某人意味着... 25. argue with 与...争论 26. close to 靠近；接近；与...亲密的 27. lost a game 输掉比赛 28. in the end 最终 29. be happy with 对...很开心 30. have high standards 有高的标准 31. compare...with... 比较... 32. win awards 获奖 33. *look on the bright side 从好的方面想；抱乐观态度 34. *get across 解释清楚；传达   35. feel a lot of pressure 感到很多压力 36. *on purpose 故意；有意地   37. double the joy 使快乐翻倍 38. *cut... in half 切成两半 39. *put oneself in sb's shoes 设身处地；处于某人的境地   40. feel stressed 感到有压力 41. take a break 休息 42. clear one’s mind 清空思绪 43. go for a walk 去散步 44. share...with... 与...分享... 45. instead of 代替；而不是 46. *shut ... away 把……关（藏）起来；隔离 47. take care of 照顾 48. reduce stress 减少压力 49. *plenty of 充足；大量 50. spend... doing ... 花费...做... 2、 重点词汇解析 1. emotion /ɪˈməʊʃn/n. 情感；情绪 [词汇拓展] emotional (adj.) 情绪的 [词汇搭配] deal with our emotions处理我们的情绪；lost control of one’s emotions情绪失去控制 [词汇例句] Love, joy, and fear are all emotions. 爱、喜悦和恐惧都是情感。 [随学随练] 用emotion的适当形式填空 (1) We should learn to deal with our in a healthy way. (2) Dogs can provide humans with plenty of value. (3) They might depend on this AI tool more , and have fewer friends in real life. 2. upset /ʌpˈset/adj. 难过的，沮丧的；肠胃不适的；v.使烦恼，使心烦意乱；打乱，搅乱 [词汇拓展] upsetting(adj.)令人不快（或忧虑、苦恼）的 [词汇搭配] make you upset使你沮丧；be upset about... 对…感到难过/沮丧；an upset stomach 肚子不舒服[词汇例句] She was upset because she failed the exam. 她因为考试不及格而感到沮丧。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —I’m really ________ to see Linda leave the city. —Mom, there is no reason to get so ________. Linda is just going for an education. A．glad; sad B．sad; upset C．upset; glad D．glad; serious 3. lonely /ˈləʊnli/adj. 孤独的；寂寞的；偏僻的，人迹罕至的 [词汇拓展] loneliness (n.) 孤独；alone(adj./adv.)单独，独自 [词汇搭配] feel lonely 感到孤独；a lonely village 一个偏僻的村庄 [词汇例句] She lives alone and often feels lonely.她孑然一身，常感到寂寞。 [词汇辨析] lonely / alone · lonely是形容词，表示“孤独，寂寞”，是内心的感受；还可以用来描述使人感到孤寂的地方或活动。 如：I don't get lonely now because I’ve made some friends.我现在不觉得孤独了，因为我交了一些朋友往。 long, lonely nights漫长、孤单的夜 · alone表示独自一个人，没有其他人一起，意为“单独的/地，独自的/地”，既是形容词，也可用作副词。用作形容词时，不能位于名词前。 如：She was sitting all alone in the hall. 她一个人坐在大厅里。 I couldn't imagine why he would want to be alone with me. 我想象不出为什么他会想和我独处。 [随学随练] 单项填空 This old lady lived ________ on a ________ island, but she didn’t feel ________. A．alone; lonely; lonely B．lonely; alone; lonely C．lonely; lonely; alone D．alone; lonely; alone 4. shocked /ʃɒkt/adj. 震惊的 [词汇拓展] shock (v./n.) 使震惊 / 震惊；shocking (adj.) 令人震惊的 [词汇搭配] be shocked at/by... 对…感到震惊；a shocked look 震惊的表情 [词汇用法] · shock既是名词，也是动词。 I got a terrible shock the other day.前两天，可把我吓坏了。 Did my dancing shock you? 我的舞蹈使你震惊了吗？ · shocked表示“感到震惊的”；而shocking表示“令人感到震惊的”。 We were all shocked when we heard the shocking news. 当我们听到这个令人震惊的消息时，我们都很震 惊。 [随学随练] 用shock的适当形式填空 (1) She felt (shock) when she heard the news of the accident. (2) What (shock) news it was! We couldn’t believe it. (3) It was a real to hear that the factory was closing down. (shock) (4) The truth   me like the winter rain. I felt deeply sad. 5. advise /ədˈvaɪz/v. 建议；劝告 [词汇拓展] advice (n.)建议；suggest (v.) 建议；suggestion(n.)建议 [词汇搭配] follow sb’s advice 遵从某人的建议；give sb. some advice给某人一些建议 ask sb. for advice=turn to sb. for advice 向某人寻求建议 [词汇用法] · advice是不可数名词。表示“一条建议”要用a piece of advice。suggestion是可数名词。“一些建议”可以说some suggestions；也可以说some advice。 如：Let me give you a piece of advice .让我给你一个忠告。 I’d like to share with you some suggestions. 我想和你分享一些建议。 · 动词advise/suggest常用于以下搭配： advise/suggest doing...建议做某事 advise sb. to do建议某人做某事(不可以用suggest sb. to do) advise/suggest that+从句(从句谓语动词必须用should do结构，should可以省略) 如：Police are advising people to stay at home.警方告诫民众要留在家里。 I suggest going hiking this Sunday. 我建议这周日去徒步。 The doctor suggested/advised that she should lie in bed for some days.医生建议她躺几天。 [词汇用法] 单项填空。 (1) Can you give me some ________ (advice)on what to wear to the party, Sandy? (2) The teacher advised me ________ (join) the chess club. (3) Mr. Green advised that Millie ________ (go) to visit the local places of interest during summer holiday. (4) Sandy advised ________ (buy) some books on future for Linda. 6. hurtful /ˈhɜːtfl/adj. 伤感情的 [词汇拓展] hurt (v.) 伤害；受伤；(adj.) 受伤的；疼痛的；hurtfully(adv.)伤感情地，刻薄地 [词汇搭配] say hurtful things to sb.对某人说伤感情的话 [词汇例句] I cannot forget the hurtful things he said. 我无法忘记他的那些伤感情的话。 7. control /kənˈtrəʊl/n. & v. 控制 [词汇拓展] controllable (adj.)可控制（或管理、操纵、支配）的 [词汇搭配] control one's fear 控制某人的恐惧；out of control 失去控制；under control 处于控制之下 bring...under control控制得住，抑制得住；in the control of 在...的控制之下 in control of控制，掌管 [词汇例句] She lost control of her car on the ice. 她在冰上开车失去了控制。 [随学随练] 用control相关表达完成句子 (1) 花了两个小时才控制住火势。 It took two hours to . (2) 别担心，一切都控制住了！ Don't worry─everything's ! (3) 这些孩子自他们的父亲离开后就无法无天了。 The children are completely since their father left. (4) 控制我们的情绪很重要。 It’s important to . 8. anger /ˈæŋɡə(r)/n. 怒火；v.使发怒，激怒 [词汇拓展] angry (adj.) 生气的；angrily (adv.) 生气地 [词汇搭配] control one’s anger 控制某人的愤怒；in anger 愤怒地 [词汇例句] It’s hard for him to control his anger in that situation.那种情况下他很难控制自己的愤怒。 [随学随练] 用anger适当形式填空 (1) When I heard the bad news, I felt very . (2) He left the room without a word. (angry) (3) Human beings have different emotions, such as (angry), love and fear. 9. forgive /fəˈɡɪv/v. 原谅；宽恕 [词汇拓展] <过去式>forgave /fəˈɡeɪv/；<过去分词>forgiven /fəˈɡɪvn/；forgiveness(n.)原谅 <近义词>excuse(v.)原谅；pardon(v.)原谅 [词汇搭配] forgive sb. (for...) 原谅某人(某事)；forgive me (for...) 请原谅，对不起 forgive and forget不念旧恶；不记仇 [词汇例句] I'll never forgive her for what she did.我绝不会原谅她做的事。 [随学随练] 补全句子 (1) 请原谅我，不过我确实不同意那一点。 , but I really don't agree with that. (2) 我希望你能原谅我的错误。 I hope you can  . (3) 我想他道歉了，并且他原谅我了。 I said sorry to him, and . 10. fault /fɔːlt/n. 过错，责任；缺点，弱点 [词汇拓展] faulty(adj.)不完美的，有错误的，有缺陷的；faultless(adj.)无错误的；无缺点的；完美无缺的 <近义词>mistake (n.) 错误；error (n.) 错误 [词汇搭配] it's one's fault 是某人的错；find fault with... 挑剔；找茬；at fault for...对...有责任；有过错 [词汇用法] · fault泛指“错误，过失”，用作不可数名词；表示具体的错误时用作可数名词。 如：The driver was so careless that he made such a fault. 司机太粗心了，犯了这样的错误。 · fault表示“缺点，弱点”时是可数名词。 如：He's proud of his children and blind to their faults.他为孩子感到自豪，对他们的缺点视而不见。 Nobody lives without faults. 人无完人。 [词汇例句] It's your own fault for being careless. 你粗心大意是你自己的过失。 11. present /ˈpreznt/n. 礼物；现在，目前；adj. 出席的 /prɪˈzent/v. 展现；陈述 [词汇拓展] presently(adv.)目前地，现在地；presence(n.) 出席，到场；<近义词>gift (n.) 礼物 <反义词>absent (adj.) 缺席的 [词汇搭配] a birthday present生日礼物；at present 目前；现在；at the present time目前，现在 [随学随练] 写出present在下列句子中的中文意思 (1) She was very excited to open her presents on Christmas morning. (2) We need to focus on the present and not worry too much about the future. (3) I was not present at the meeting, so I don't know what was discussed. (4) The students will present their science project to the class next week. 12. standard /ˈstændəd/n. 标准；水平 adj. 标准的 [词汇搭配] have high standards有高的标准；reach the standard 达到标准；standard of living生活水平 [词汇例句] People in this country enjoy a high standard of living.这个国家的人民享有很高的生活水平。 13. award /əˈwɔːd/n. 奖；奖品 [词汇搭配] win/receive/get an award (for...) (因...)获奖 [词汇例句] She won the Best Student Award. 她获得了 “最佳学生奖”。 14. get across 解释清楚；传达 [词汇拓展] · get常用短语： get along相处融洽；get into开始做某事；进入；get lost迷路；get over克服；get to one’s feet站起身来 · across常用短语： come across偶然遇见；across from在...对面；put across 交流，沟通（思想、感情等） [词汇搭配] get your message across clearly 把你的信息传达清楚 [词汇例句] He found it difficult to get his meaning across. 他发现很难把自己的意思表达清楚。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —What do you think of Simon? —Well, I find it hard to________ him. A．get along with B．get through C．get to D．get across (2) It’s hard to ________ my idea to him because he is not a very good listener. A．come across B．get across C．come out D．get out 15. clearly /ˈklɪəli/adv. 清楚地；明白地，易懂地；明显地，显然地 [词汇拓展] clear (adj.) 清楚的；unclear (adj.) 不清楚的 [词汇搭配] speak clearly 说话清楚；see clearly 看得清楚 [词汇例句] Can you hear me clearly? 你能听清楚我说话吗？ [随学随练] 单项填空 I’m not wearing glasses, so I can’t see the pictures ______. A．differently B．clearly C．loudly D．truly 16. pressure /ˈpreʃə(r)/n. 压力；压强；催促，要求 [词汇拓展] press(v.)按，压；stress (n.) 压力 [词汇搭配] feel a lot of pressure感到很多压力；blood pressure血压；under pressure 在压力下 put pressure on sb.(to do sth.) 强迫；促使；劝说 [词汇用法] pressure通常用作不可数名词，在表示“心理压力，紧张”时，也可用pressures。 如：She was unable to attend because of the pressure of work.由于工作紧张她不能出席。 [词汇辨析] pressure / stress · pressure指为达到某一目标或有某种行为表现而产生的心理压力、紧张。 如：You need to be able to deal with pressure in this job.你要能应付这一工作的压力。 · stress指因生活问题引起的精神压力、心理负担、紧张。 如：stress-related illnesses 与精神压力有关的疾病 17. purpose /ˈpɜːpəs/n. 目的，意图；重要意义； [词汇拓展] <近义词>aim (n.) 目标；goal (n.) 目标 [词汇搭配] on purpose 故意地，有意地；for the purpose of... 为了… 的目的 a sense of purpose目标感，使命感 [词汇例句] Volunteer work gives her life (a sense of) purpose .做志愿工作使她的生活有了意义。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —I hear you are going to the USA for further education next year . —That’s right .So my main _________now is improving my English . A．task B．purpose C．point D．subject 18. shut /ʃʌt/ v.关闭；合上；住嘴；adj.关闭的 [词汇拓展] <过去式>shut；<过去分词>shut；close (v.) 关闭；closed(adj.)关闭的 [词汇搭配] shut ... away把……关（藏）起来；隔离； shut the door/window关门/窗；shut up住嘴 shut down(工厂、商店或机器等)关张；停业；停止运转；(使)关张，停业，停止运转 shut sth. off 关闭机器或工具等，切断煤气或水等的供应 shut oneself off(from...)躲开；不接触 shut...out (of...)使...不能进入，挡住；把某人排除在外；克制某种感情 shut/close your ears to sth（对…）充耳不闻，置之不理 shut/close your eyes to sth（对…）视而不见，熟视无睹，置若罔闻 [词汇用法] · 关上门、窗、闭眼、闭嘴用close或shut均可，关上盒子，箱子等常用shut。 如：He closed/shut the door. 他关上了门。 He shut his suitcase. 他关上了他的行李箱。 · 商店等停业用close或shut均可。 如：What time do the banks close/shut? 银行什么时候关门？ · shut用作形容词，常作表语，不用作名词前；closed可用于名词前。 如：a closed window 关着的窗户 The door was shut. 门关着。 · 道路封闭、机场关闭等常用closed。 如：The road is closed because of the snow. 这条路因下雪而封闭。 [随学随练] 用shut相关表达补全句子 (1) 她闭上眼，立刻就睡着了。 She and fell asleep immediately. (2) 她拿定主意对所有的谣言置之不理。 She decided to all the rumors. (3) 马丁不与外界接触，专心写书。 Martin the world to write his book. (4) 她学会了克制自己的愤怒。 She learned to . (5) 这位父亲非常难过，他把自己与朋友隔离开来。 The father was really sad, and from his friends． 19. lastly /ˈlɑːstli/adv. 最后 [词汇拓展] finally (adv.) 最后；at last 最后；firstly (adv.) 首先 [词汇用法] · lastly用以引出所列事项中的最后一项。常用于列举的词有：firstly首先；secondly第二；besides此外；in addition此外；what’s more 更重要的是；last but not least最后但同等重要的。 如：Lastly, remember to write down your name and address. 最后，记得写上你的名字和地址。 · at last 表示经过很长一段时间之后，尤其经过困难之后。 如：At last, after thirty hours, they arrived at the lonely island. 最终，它们到达了那个孤岛。 20. plenty /ˈplenti/pron. 充足；丰富；大量 [词汇拓展] plentiful(adj.)大量的；众多的；充足的；丰富的 [词汇搭配] plenty of 充足，大量；in plenty丰富地，充足地 [词汇用法] · plenty可用作代词。plenty of 后可接可数名词复数形式或不可数名词。 如：They always gave us plenty to eat. 他们总是给我们好多东西吃。 We still have plenty of time to do the work. 我们仍然有充足的时间做这工作。 · plenty可用作副词，表示“大量，很多”；“非常，十分”。 如：There's plenty more paper if you need it. 你要是用纸，还有很多。 The water looked plenty deep.这水看起来很深。 [词汇例句]We had food and drink in plenty.我们的食物和饮料十分充足。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Grandma is 90 years old now. She always eats ________ vegetables but ________ fried food. A．plenty of; a lot of B．some; plenty of C．a lot of; a little D．a little; a lot of 3、 重难句型解析 1. when/until 引导时间状语从句 (教材原句)Peter found an ugly mark on his guitar when Harry returned it. (教材原句)Until you talk to them, they might not know how you feel.直到你和他们谈了，他们才可能知道你的感受。 (教材原句)You won't understand why she got upset until you put yourself in her shoes.你不会明白她为什么伤心，直到你设身处地为她着想。 when, until等词用于引导时间状语从句。时间状语从句一般遵循“主将从现”原则。主句用过去时，从句也相应地使用过去的时态。 如：Before you leave, please turn off the light. 在你离开前，请把灯关了。 While my sister was watching TV, I was doing my homework.（妹妹看电视时，我在写作业。 注意：until表示“直到...时候”；not...until...表示“直到...时候，才...” 请比较以下两个句子： He didn’t go to bed until his father came back. 直到他爸爸回来，他才去睡觉。 He slept until his father came back.他一直睡到他爸爸回来。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 (1) 当你外出时，你应该保护你自己。 (2) 在平底锅里煮土豆，直到他们变软。 (3) 学生们直到完成了所有的清洁工作才离开教室。 2. if引导条件状语从句 (教材原句)I'm afraid I’ll cry if we talk.我害怕如果我们交谈我会哭。 if引导条件状语从句，描述一个有可能发生的条件及其可能产生的结果。if条件句一般遵循“主将从现”原则，如第二句。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 如果你想保持健康，你应该多吃蔬菜。 3. so that引导目的状语从句 (教材原句)Peter accepted Ella's suggestion and called Harry so that he could say sorry.彼得接受了埃拉的建议，给哈里打了电话，以便能够道歉。 so that引导目的状语从句，表示主句动作发生的目的。 如：He spoke slowly and clearly so that everyone would understand.他说得又慢又清楚以便每个人都能听懂。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 David每个月存钱以便他很快能买一辆新车。 4. although引导让步状语从句 (教材原句)I’m sure your parents just want you to do well, although they may not show it.我确信你的父母只是希望你表现得好，尽管他们可能没有表现出来。 (教材原句)Although you argued , you are still very close friends.尽管你们吵过架，但是你们还是很好的朋友。 although, though等可用于引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然...”。 如：Although she had studied hard, she didn’t pass the exam. 尽管她努力学习，但还是没通过考试。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 虽然这座古建筑超过500年了，但它看起来仍然美丽而坚固。 5. 用于提建议的句型： (教材原句)If you did something wrong, maybe you should say sorry first.如果你做了错事，也许你应该先说对不起。 if从句用了过去式形式did，提出建议时使语气更加委婉。 (教材原句)Why don’t you talk to them? 你为什么不和他们谈谈呢？ Why don’t you+动词原形+其他...? 句型可用于提出建议，此句型可简化为Why not+动词原形+其他...? (教材原句)How about writing them a letter so that you can get your message across clearly?给他们写封信怎么样？以便你能把你的信息表达清楚。 How about+doing+其他？用于提出建议，等同于What about+doing+其他？ [随学随练] 翻译句子 (1) 如果你打破了窗户，也许你应该告诉老师。 (2) 为什么不给他写信呢？ (3) 休息一会怎么样？ 4、 其他知识解析 1. 动词-ing作主语 (教材原句)Just talking to you makes me feel better already ! 跟你说话已经让我感觉好多了! (教材原句)Writing things down can also make you feel better. 把事情写下来也能让你感觉更好。 动词-ing形式可以充当主语、宾语等成分。当个的动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 [随学随练] (1) ________ in the park is a relaxing activity for people of all ages. A．Go on an outing B．Going on an outing C．Went on an outing D．To going on an outing (2) Eating more fruits and vegetables ________ good for our health. Why don’t you have a try? A．is B．are C．does D．do 2. 不定式用法 (教材原句)seeing an accident happen (教材原句)help you clear your mind (教材原句)I didn’t mean to do it. (教材原句)I’m sorry to hear that. 第一句和第二句中不定式充当宾语补足语，see为感官动词，其后接不带to的不定式充当宾语补足语强调动作的全过程；help后接不定式充当宾语补足语时，可带to,也可不带to。 第三句中不定式作mean后的宾语。第四句中不定式充当原因状语。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) Good news! John has won the gold medal in the 100-meter sprint. I watched him ______ the race. A．finish B．finished C．finishes D．to finish (2) He often helps his mother ________ dinner. A．cooks B．cooking C．cook D．cooked (3) The little girl is afraid ________ alone at home, so she always asks her mother to stay with her. A．to stay B．staying C．stay D．stayed (4) Tom managed ________ the problem by himself after thinking for a long time. A．solve B．to solve C．solving D．solved 5、 知识过关练习 1. 词汇填空  根据据提示填写正确形式的单词或按照中文句子补全句子，每空一词。 (1) We should try to (控制) our anger when we are upset. (2) He received an (奖) for his excellent performance. (3) She was (孤独的) because she had no friends to play with at the new school. (4) The park is beautiful if you (关闭) your eyes to the litter. (5) —Do we need more milk? —No, there’s (充足) in the fridge. (6) Many students feel a lot of (压力) to get good grades and look cool in front of their friends. (7) I must (劝告) you to think very carefully before making any decision. (8) 从今以后，我们应该学会尊重彼此的意见。 , we should learn to respect each other’s opinions. (9) On Mother’s Day, children usually give flowers to their mothers as p (礼物). (10) These days, people set high (标准) for themselves and their jobs. (11) 当你感到难过时，试着从好的方面想，情况就会好转。 When you feel sad, try to and things will get better. (12) 约翰有一种独特的方法，用尽可能少的词来解释清楚他的观点。 John has a good way to his opinion by using as few words as possible. (13) 我很抱歉打碎了你的盘子，但是我不是故意的。 I’m sorry I broke your plate, but I didn’t do that . (14) 人工智能可以帮助处理人们的情感问题。 AI can help people’s emotional problems. 2. 单句语法填空 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) She was so (shock) that she couldn’t speak. (2) The teacher advised us (wear) masks when we go to crowded places. (3) Here is some (advise)on how to improve your English. (4) She felt sad because of the (hurt) words from her classmates during the argument. (5) The man (control) the speed of the car and drove slowly in the snow. (6) When he makes a mistake, his father feels very (anger). (7) She (forgive) him and never argued with him. (8) We (present)our project to the class yesterday. (9) He spoke (clear) so that everyone could understand him. (10) The two kids cut the cake half and shared it. (11) He rose to his feet, picked up the book and (shut) the door quietly. (12) (last)I want to thank all my family and friends . (13) We often see our class teacher (work) in the office after school. (14) I mean (take) part in the basketball match tomorrow. (15) He is afraid (tell) his mum about the school report. (16) Don’t compare yourself others all the time; just focus on yourself. (17) —How about (play) badminton after school? —That sounds wonderful! (18) Too much pressure can make people (feel) tired easily. (19) You can easily clean out the virus on your computer without (shut) it down. (20) fast food is easy and delicious, we should eat home-cooked meals more often. (21) My parents usually wait for me to have dinner I get home from school. (22) We’d like to clean the city park the weather is fine this weekend. (23) When you go climbing, you need to be careful so you don’t have an accident. (24) Although it may end up with a little more money, your  (love) ones will thank you for it. 3. 单项填空 (1) From my childhood, I ________ remember my parents working hard day and night. A．clearly B．differently C．early D．lovely (2) ________ English has a history of about 1,500 years, the first English dictionary didn’t appear until the 18th century. A．Because B．Although C．Unless D．When (3) She was ________ to hear that her favorite singer would come to our city. A．shocked B．proud C．lonely D．positive (4) —Why can’t Mary run very fast today? —Because there is ________ with her leg. A．something wrong B．wrong nothing C．anything wrong D．wrong something (5) My teacher ________ us to make a study plan at the beginning of each term. A．made B．stopped C．suffered D．advised (6) —I lost my wallet this morning. I’m so sad. —________. Maybe someone will find it and return it to you. A．Look on the bright side B．Never mind the weather C．What’s more D．That way (7) We should ________ our classmates and help each other at school. A．get along well with B．argue with C．fight with D．shut away (8) If you want to ________ your feelings clearly, you should talk to your parents. A．get across B．reduce by half C．put on D．take back (9) Even though he is under great stress, he tries to ________ his anger and stay calm. A．control B．express C．shout D．share (10) —It’s his new book, but I think it is more interesting than his other books. —I agree with you. His latest book is up to his highest _________ . A．choice B．standard C．purpose D．wealth 4. 选择填空 A 根据句意用方框中的单词填空，每个单词限用一次。 hurt； lonely；standard； shocked； emotion； control 1．She felt mixed when moving to a new city. 2．The car lost and hit a big tree. 3．Don’t say such things to your friend. 4．The young man has no friends here, so he feels . 5．We are at what happened to him. 6．If they were put together, the solar panels(太阳能板) would cover an area of 1.4  football fields.  B 根据句意用方框中的短语填空，每个短语限用一次。 look on the bright side, on purpose, plenty of, shut away, put yourself in someone’s shoes 1．Even when things go wrong, we should try to . 2．I didn’t break the vase ; it was an accident. 3．There is food for everyone at the party. 4．Don’t your feelings ; talk to someone you trust. 5．Before you get angry, try to and understand how they feel. 5. 翻译句子 (1) 他建议我加入音乐俱乐部。 (2) 一旦你宽恕了自己，同样重要的是与他人尽释前嫌。 (3) 如果你做错了事，也许你应该先道歉。 (4) 你应该把蛋糕切成两半和你姐姐分享。 (5) 你应该控制自己的愤怒。毕竟他不是故意地打破窗户的。 (6) 与朋友分享快乐能使你的快乐加倍。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Growing Up核心知识点精讲 1 (Section A) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section A部分包括本部分重点短语集锦、重点词汇解析、重难句型解析、其他知识解析等板块，核心知识点讲解中包含适当数量，多种类型的随学随练。配有“知识过关练习”，包含词汇填空、单句语法填空、单项填空、选词填空、翻译句子等题型。 · Section A部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语，斜体为听力文本中短语) 1. grow up 长大 2. *deal with 处理；对付 3. fail a test 考试不及格 4. live alone 单独居住 5. fight with 与...吵架，与...打架 6. get into a fight 吵架；打架 7. be special to sb. 对某人很特别 8. send sb. a text message 给某人发短信 9. pick up 捡起来；去接某人；接电话 10. not...anymore 不再... 11. advise sb. to do 建议某人做某事 12. borrow...from... 从/向...借... 13. stop doing 停止做某事 14. say hurtful things to... 对...说伤感情的话 15. control one’s fear / anger 控制某人的害怕/愤怒 16. say sorry to each other 相互道歉 17. feel bad/upset about 对...感到很糟糕/沮丧的 18. *in future 今后；从今以后   19. mean to do 打算做某事；有意做某事 20. care about 关心，在意 21. accept one’s suggestion 接受某人的建议 22. *so that 为了，因此 23. *clean the air 尽释前嫌 24. mean ... to sb. 对某人意味着... 25. argue with 与...争论 26. close to 靠近；接近；与...亲密的 27. lost a game 输掉比赛 28. in the end 最终 29. be happy with 对...很开心 30. have high standards 有高的标准 31. compare...with... 比较... 32. win awards 获奖 33. *look on the bright side 从好的方面想；抱乐观态度 34. *get across 解释清楚；传达   35. feel a lot of pressure 感到很多压力 36. *on purpose 故意；有意地   37. double the joy 使快乐翻倍 38. *cut... in half 切成两半 39. *put oneself in sb's shoes 设身处地；处于某人的境地   40. feel stressed 感到有压力 41. take a break 休息 42. clear one’s mind 清空思绪 43. go for a walk 去散步 44. share...with... 与...分享... 45. instead of 代替；而不是 46. *shut ... away 把……关（藏）起来；隔离 47. take care of 照顾 48. reduce stress 减少压力 49. *plenty of 充足；大量 50. spend... doing ... 花费...做... 2、 重点词汇解析 1. emotion /ɪˈməʊʃn/n. 情感；情绪 [词汇拓展] emotional (adj.) 情绪的 [词汇搭配] deal with our emotions处理我们的情绪；lost control of one’s emotions情绪失去控制 [词汇例句] Love, joy, and fear are all emotions. 爱、喜悦和恐惧都是情感。 [随学随练] 用emotion的适当形式填空 (1) We should learn to deal with our in a healthy way. 【答案】emotions 【详解】句意：我们应该学会以健康的方式处理我们的情绪。根据“We should learn to deal with our...in a healthy way.”可知，此处表达的是“我们的情绪”，emotion是可数名词，结合语境，人的情绪不止一种，需要用复数形式。emotion的复数形式为emotions。故填emotions。   (2) Dogs can provide humans with plenty of value. 【答案】emotional 【详解】句意：狗可以为人类提供大量的情绪价值。根据“value.”可知，空处需填形容词作定语修饰value，名词emotion“情绪”的形容词形式emotional“情绪的”符合语境。故填emotional。 (3) They might depend on this AI tool more , and have fewer friends in real life. 【答案】emotionally 【详解】句意：他们可能会在情感上更加依赖这个人工智能工具，而在现实生活中朋友较少。空格处修饰动词depend on，应使用副词形式。故填emotionally。 2. upset /ʌpˈset/adj. 难过的，沮丧的；肠胃不适的；v.使烦恼，使心烦意乱；打乱，搅乱 [词汇拓展] upsetting(adj.)令人不快（或忧虑、苦恼）的 [词汇搭配] make you upset使你沮丧；be upset about... 对…感到难过/沮丧；an upset stomach 肚子不舒服[词汇例句] She was upset because she failed the exam. 她因为考试不及格而感到沮丧。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —I’m really ________ to see Linda leave the city. —Mom, there is no reason to get so ________. Linda is just going for an education. A．glad; sad B．sad; upset C．upset; glad D．glad; serious 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——看到琳达离开这座城市，我真的很难过。——妈妈，没必要这么难过。琳达只是去上学。 考查形容词辨析。glad高兴的；sad难过的；upset沮丧的，难过的；serious严肃的。根据“to see Linda leave the city”可知，看到琳达离开城市应是难过的，用sad表示“难过的”，根据“there is no reason”可知，没必要难过，结合选项，用upset表示“沮丧的，难过的”。故选B。 3. lonely /ˈləʊnli/adj. 孤独的；寂寞的；偏僻的，人迹罕至的 [词汇拓展] loneliness (n.) 孤独；alone(adj./adv.)单独，独自 [词汇搭配] feel lonely 感到孤独；a lonely village 一个偏僻的村庄 [词汇例句] She lives alone and often feels lonely.她孑然一身，常感到寂寞。 [词汇辨析] lonely / alone · lonely是形容词，表示“孤独，寂寞”，是内心的感受；还可以用来描述使人感到孤寂的地方或活动。 如：I don't get lonely now because I’ve made some friends.我现在不觉得孤独了，因为我交了一些朋友往。 long, lonely nights漫长、孤单的夜 · alone表示独自一个人，没有其他人一起，意为“单独的/地，独自的/地”，既是形容词，也可用作副词。用作形容词时，不能位于名词前。 如：She was sitting all alone in the hall. 她一个人坐在大厅里。 I couldn't imagine why he would want to be alone with me. 我想象不出为什么他会想和我独处。 [随学随练] 单项填空 This old lady lived ________ on a ________ island, but she didn’t feel ________. A．alone; lonely; lonely B．lonely; alone; lonely C．lonely; lonely; alone D．alone; lonely; alone 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这位老太太独自住在一座偏僻的岛屿上，但她并不感到孤独。 考查形容词与副词辨析。alone独自地，副词，强调客观状态；lonely孤独的，形容词，强调主观感受；偏僻的，形容词，可修饰地点。根据“This old lady lived...on a...island, but she didn’t feel...”可知，第一空修饰动词lived，用副词alone表示“独自居住”；第二空修饰名词island，用形容词lonely表示“偏僻的岛”；第三空作feel的表语，用形容词lonely表示“感到孤独的”。故选A。 4. shocked /ʃɒkt/adj. 震惊的 [词汇拓展] shock (v./n.) 使震惊 / 震惊；shocking (adj.) 令人震惊的 [词汇搭配] be shocked at/by... 对…感到震惊；a shocked look 震惊的表情 [词汇用法] · shock既是名词，也是动词。 I got a terrible shock the other day.前两天，可把我吓坏了。 Did my dancing shock you? 我的舞蹈使你震惊了吗？ · shocked表示“感到震惊的”；而shocking表示“令人感到震惊的”。 We were all shocked when we heard the shocking news. 当我们听到这个令人震惊的消息时，我们都很震 惊。 [随学随练] 用shock的适当形式填空 (1) She felt (shock) when she heard the news of the accident. 【答案】shocked 【详解】句意：当她听到这起事故的消息时，她感到十分震惊。shock“使震惊”，动词，过去分词shocked作表语，表示“震惊的”，描述人的感受。故填shocked。 (2) What (shock) news it was! We couldn’t believe it. 【答案】shocking 【详解】句意：这是多么令人震惊的消息啊！我们简直不敢相信。根据“What...news”可知，横线处需填形容词来修饰名词news，shock“震惊”，动词或名词，其形容词形式有shocked和shocking，shocked通常用于描述人的感受，意为“感到震惊的”；而shocking则用于描述事物本身的性质，意为“令人震惊的”。由于此处是修饰news（消息），所以应使用shocking。故填shocking。 (3) It was a real to hear that the factory was closing down. (shock) 【答案】shock 【详解】句意：听说工厂要倒闭，真是震惊。根据空格前的“real”是形容词，所以空格上填名词。shock可作名词，意思是“震惊，惊愕”，故填shock。 (4) The truth   me like the winter rain. I felt deeply sad. 【答案】shocked 【详解】句意：真相如冬雨般震撼了我，我感到无比难过。根据句子结构，空格处在句中作谓语，需要使用动词形式；且后一句 “I felt deeply sad” 使用了一般过去时，前后句时态保持一致，因此空格处应填动词shock的过去式shocked，表示 “使震惊，使惊愕”。 5. advise /ədˈvaɪz/v. 建议；劝告 [词汇拓展] advice (n.)建议；suggest (v.) 建议；suggestion(n.)建议 [词汇搭配] follow sb’s advice 遵从某人的建议；give sb. some advice给某人一些建议 ask sb. for advice=turn to sb. for advice 向某人寻求建议 [词汇用法] · advice是不可数名词。表示“一条建议”要用a piece of advice。suggestion是可数名词。“一些建议”可以说some suggestions；也可以说some advice。 如：Let me give you a piece of advice .让我给你一个忠告。 I’d like to share with you some suggestions. 我想和你分享一些建议。 · 动词advise/suggest常用于以下搭配： advise/suggest doing...建议做某事 advise sb. to do建议某人做某事(不可以用suggest sb. to do) advise/suggest that+从句(从句谓语动词必须用should do结构，should可以省略) 如：Police are advising people to stay at home.警方告诫民众要留在家里。 I suggest going hiking this Sunday. 我建议这周日去徒步。 The doctor suggested/advised that she should lie in bed for some days.医生建议她躺几天。 [词汇用法] 单项填空。 (1) Can you give me some ________ (advice)on what to wear to the party, Sandy? 【答案】advice 【解析】句意:桑迪，你能给我一些关于穿什么去参加聚会的建议吗?advice为不可数名词，故填原型advice。 (2) The teacher advised me ________ (join) the chess club. 【答案】to join 【详解】句意:那个老师建议我加入象棋俱乐部，“建议某人去做某事”用advise sb.to do sth.故填to join。 (3) Mr. Green advised that Millie ________ (go) to visit the local places of interest during summer holiday. 【答案】(should) go 【详解】句意:格林先生建议米莉在暑假期间去参观当地的名胜古迹 advise作“建议”时，后接宾语从句，从句要用“(should)+动词原形”结构，should可省略。故填(should) do。 (4) Sandy advised ________ (buy) some books on future for Linda. 【答案】buying 【详解】句意:桑迪建议给琳达买一些有关未来的书籍。advise后接动词-ing形式表示“建议做某事”。故填buying。 6. hurtful /ˈhɜːtfl/adj. 伤感情的 [词汇拓展] hurt (v.) 伤害；受伤；(adj.) 受伤的；疼痛的；hurtfully(adv.)伤感情地，刻薄地 [词汇搭配] say hurtful things to sb.对某人说伤感情的话 [词汇例句] I cannot forget the hurtful things he said. 我无法忘记他的那些伤感情的话。 7. control /kənˈtrəʊl/n. & v. 控制 [词汇拓展] controllable (adj.)可控制（或管理、操纵、支配）的 [词汇搭配] control one's fear 控制某人的恐惧；out of control 失去控制；under control 处于控制之下 bring...under control控制得住，抑制得住；in the control of 在...的控制之下 in control of控制，掌管 [词汇例句] She lost control of her car on the ice. 她在冰上开车失去了控制。 [随学随练] 用control相关表达完成句子 (1) 花了两个小时才控制住火势。 It took two hours to bring the fire under control. (2) 别担心，一切都控制住了！ Don't worry─everything's under control! (3) 这些孩子自他们的父亲离开后就无法无天了。 The children are completely out of control since their father left. (4) 控制我们的情绪很重要。 It’s important to control our emotions. 8. anger /ˈæŋɡə(r)/n. 怒火；v.使发怒，激怒 [词汇拓展] angry (adj.) 生气的；angrily (adv.) 生气地 [词汇搭配] control one’s anger 控制某人的愤怒；in anger 愤怒地 [词汇例句] It’s hard for him to control his anger in that situation.那种情况下他很难控制自己的愤怒。 [随学随练] 用anger适当形式填空 (1) When I heard the bad news, I felt very . 【答案】angry 【详解】句意：当我听到这个坏消息时，我感到非常生气。处“felt”是系动词，后接形容词作表语，形容词是“angry”。故填angry。 (2) He left the room without a word. (angry) 【答案】angrily 【详解】句意：他一句话没说，愤怒地离开了房间。空处修饰动词left，用副词形式angrily“愤怒地”。故填angrily。 (3) Human beings have different emotions, such as (angry), love and fear. 【答案】anger 【详解】句意：人类有不同的情绪，比如愤怒、爱和恐惧。根据“such as...”可知，此处列举情绪，与名词“love”和“fear”并列，名词形式是“anger”，表示“愤怒”，符合语境。故填anger。 9. forgive /fəˈɡɪv/v. 原谅；宽恕 [词汇拓展] <过去式>forgave /fəˈɡeɪv/；<过去分词>forgiven /fəˈɡɪvn/；forgiveness(n.)原谅 <近义词>excuse(v.)原谅；pardon(v.)原谅 [词汇搭配] forgive sb. (for...) 原谅某人(某事)；forgive me (for...) 请原谅，对不起 forgive and forget不念旧恶；不记仇 [词汇例句] I'll never forgive her for what she did.我绝不会原谅她做的事。 [随学随练] 补全句子 (1) 请原谅我，不过我确实不同意那一点。 Forgive me , but I really don't agree with that. (2) 我希望你能原谅我的错误。 I hope you can forgive me for my mistake. (3) 我想他道歉了，并且他原谅我了。 I said sorry to him, and he forgave me. 10. fault /fɔːlt/n. 过错，责任；缺点，弱点 [词汇拓展] faulty(adj.)不完美的，有错误的，有缺陷的；faultless(adj.)无错误的；无缺点的；完美无缺的 <近义词>mistake (n.) 错误；error (n.) 错误 [词汇搭配] it's one's fault 是某人的错；find fault with... 挑剔；找茬；at fault for...对...有责任；有过错 [词汇用法] · fault泛指“错误，过失”，用作不可数名词；表示具体的错误时用作可数名词。 如：The driver was so careless that he made such a fault. 司机太粗心了，犯了这样的错误。 · fault表示“缺点，弱点”时是可数名词。 如：He's proud of his children and blind to their faults.他为孩子感到自豪，对他们的缺点视而不见。 Nobody lives without faults. 人无完人。 [词汇例句] It's your own fault for being careless. 你粗心大意是你自己的过失。 11. present /ˈpreznt/n. 礼物；现在，目前；adj. 出席的 /prɪˈzent/v. 展现；陈述 [词汇拓展] presently(adv.)目前地，现在地；presence(n.) 出席，到场；<近义词>gift (n.) 礼物 <反义词>absent (adj.) 缺席的 [词汇搭配] a birthday present生日礼物；at present 目前；现在；at the present time目前，现在 [随学随练] 写出present在下列句子中的中文意思 (1) She was very excited to open her presents on Christmas morning. （n.）礼物 (2) We need to focus on the present and not worry too much about the future. （n.）现在 (3) I was not present at the meeting, so I don't know what was discussed. （adj.）出席的，到场的 (4) The students will present their science project to the class next week. （v.）展示，呈现 12. standard /ˈstændəd/n. 标准；水平 adj. 标准的 [词汇搭配] have high standards有高的标准；reach the standard 达到标准；standard of living生活水平 [词汇例句] People in this country enjoy a high standard of living.这个国家的人民享有很高的生活水平。 13. award /əˈwɔːd/n. 奖；奖品 [词汇搭配] win/receive/get an award (for...) (因...)获奖 [词汇例句] She won the Best Student Award. 她获得了 “最佳学生奖”。 14. get across 解释清楚；传达 [词汇拓展] · get常用短语： get along相处融洽；get into开始做某事；进入；get lost迷路；get over克服；get to one’s feet站起身来 · across常用短语： come across偶然遇见；across from在...对面；put across 交流，沟通（思想、感情等） [词汇搭配] get your message across clearly 把你的信息传达清楚 [词汇例句] He found it difficult to get his meaning across. 他发现很难把自己的意思表达清楚。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —What do you think of Simon? —Well, I find it hard to________ him. A．get along with B．get through C．get to D．get across 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得西蒙怎么样？——嗯，我觉得很难和他相处。 考查动词短语辨析。get along with进展，与…和睦相处；get through 穿过；get to到达；get across横过。结合句意可知，答案为A。 (2) It’s hard to ________ my idea to him because he is not a very good listener. A．come across B．get across C．come out D．get out 【答案】B 【详解】句意：很难把我的想法向他传达清楚，因为他不是一个很好的倾听者。 考查动词短语辨析。come across偶然遇到；get across传达，使被理解；come out出版；上映；get out出来。根据“because he is not a very good listener”可知，对方不善于倾听，因此“传达想法”很困难。故选B。 15. clearly /ˈklɪəli/adv. 清楚地；明白地，易懂地；明显地，显然地 [词汇拓展] clear (adj.) 清楚的；unclear (adj.) 不清楚的 [词汇搭配] speak clearly 说话清楚；see clearly 看得清楚 [词汇例句] Can you hear me clearly? 你能听清楚我说话吗？ [随学随练] 单项填空 I’m not wearing glasses, so I can’t see the pictures ______. A．differently B．clearly C．loudly D．truly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我现在没戴眼镜，所以我不能看清楚那幅图片。 考查副词辨析。A. differently不同地；B. clearly清楚地；C. loudly大声地；D. truly真正地。结合句意可知，答案为B。 16. pressure /ˈpreʃə(r)/n. 压力；压强；催促，要求 [词汇拓展] press(v.)按，压；stress (n.) 压力 [词汇搭配] feel a lot of pressure感到很多压力；blood pressure血压；under pressure 在压力下 put pressure on sb.(to do sth.) 强迫；促使；劝说 [词汇用法] pressure通常用作不可数名词，在表示“心理压力，紧张”时，也可用pressures。 如：She was unable to attend because of the pressure of work.由于工作紧张她不能出席。 [词汇辨析] pressure / stress · pressure指为达到某一目标或有某种行为表现而产生的心理压力、紧张。 如：You need to be able to deal with pressure in this job.你要能应付这一工作的压力。 · stress指因生活问题引起的精神压力、心理负担、紧张。 如：stress-related illnesses 与精神压力有关的疾病 17. purpose /ˈpɜːpəs/n. 目的，意图；重要意义； [词汇拓展] <近义词>aim (n.) 目标；goal (n.) 目标 [词汇搭配] on purpose 故意地，有意地；for the purpose of... 为了… 的目的 a sense of purpose目标感，使命感 [词汇例句] Volunteer work gives her life (a sense of) purpose .做志愿工作使她的生活有了意义。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —I hear you are going to the USA for further education next year . —That’s right .So my main _________now is improving my English . A．task B．purpose C．point D．subject 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我听说你明年要去美国深造。——是的，所以我现在的主要任务是提高我的英语。 考查名词辨析。A. task任务、工作，多指学习、工作等的“任务”；B. purpose目的；C. point要点；D. subject科目。根据语境，结合句意“我现在的主要任务是提高我的英语。”可知A选项符合题意，故答案选A。 18. shut /ʃʌt/ v.关闭；合上；住嘴；adj.关闭的 [词汇拓展] <过去式>shut；<过去分词>shut；close (v.) 关闭；closed(adj.)关闭的 [词汇搭配] shut ... away把……关（藏）起来；隔离； shut the door/window关门/窗；shut up住嘴 shut down(工厂、商店或机器等)关张；停业；停止运转；(使)关张，停业，停止运转 shut sth. off 关闭机器或工具等，切断煤气或水等的供应 shut oneself off(from...)躲开；不接触 shut...out (of...)使...不能进入，挡住；把某人排除在外；克制某种感情 shut/close your ears to sth（对…）充耳不闻，置之不理 shut/close your eyes to sth（对…）视而不见，熟视无睹，置若罔闻 [词汇用法] · 关上门、窗、闭眼、闭嘴用close或shut均可，关上盒子，箱子等常用shut。 如：He closed/shut the door. 他关上了门。 He shut his suitcase. 他关上了他的行李箱。 · 商店等停业用close或shut均可。 如：What time do the banks close/shut? 银行什么时候关门？ · shut用作形容词，常作表语，不用作名词前；closed可用于名词前。 如：a closed window 关着的窗户 The door was shut. 门关着。 · 道路封闭、机场关闭等常用closed。 如：The road is closed because of the snow. 这条路因下雪而封闭。 [随学随练] 用shut相关表达补全句子 (1) 她闭上眼，立刻就睡着了。 She shut her eyes and fell asleep immediately. (2) 她拿定主意对所有的谣言置之不理。 She decided to shut her ears to all the rumors. (3) 马丁不与外界接触，专心写书。 Martin shut himself off from the world to write his book. (4) 她学会了克制自己的愤怒。 She learned to shut out her anger. (5) 这位父亲非常难过，他把自己与朋友隔离开来。 The father was really sad, and shut himself away from his friends． 19. lastly /ˈlɑːstli/adv. 最后 [词汇拓展] finally (adv.) 最后；at last 最后；firstly (adv.) 首先 [词汇用法] · lastly用以引出所列事项中的最后一项。常用于列举的词有：firstly首先；secondly第二；besides此外；in addition此外；what’s more 更重要的是；last but not least最后但同等重要的。 如：Lastly, remember to write down your name and address. 最后，记得写上你的名字和地址。 · at last 表示经过很长一段时间之后，尤其经过困难之后。 如：At last, after thirty hours, they arrived at the lonely island. 最终，它们到达了那个孤岛。 20. plenty /ˈplenti/pron. 充足；丰富；大量 [词汇拓展] plentiful(adj.)大量的；众多的；充足的；丰富的 [词汇搭配] plenty of 充足，大量；in plenty丰富地，充足地 [词汇用法] · plenty可用作代词。plenty of 后可接可数名词复数形式或不可数名词。 如：They always gave us plenty to eat. 他们总是给我们好多东西吃。 We still have plenty of time to do the work. 我们仍然有充足的时间做这工作。 · plenty可用作副词，表示“大量，很多”；“非常，十分”。 如：There's plenty more paper if you need it. 你要是用纸，还有很多。 The water looked plenty deep.这水看起来很深。 [词汇例句]We had food and drink in plenty.我们的食物和饮料十分充足。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Grandma is 90 years old now. She always eats ________ vegetables but ________ fried food. A．plenty of; a lot of B．some; plenty of C．a lot of; a little D．a little; a lot of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：祖母现在90岁了。她总是吃很多的蔬菜，但是吃很少的炸物。 考查形容词短语。根据空后“vegetables”可知，应是吃很多的蔬菜，“plenty of”和“a lot of”表示很多，排除B、D。结合第二个空后“fried food”可知，应是少吃所以应用“a little”。故选C。 3、 重难句型解析 1. when/until 引导时间状语从句 (教材原句)Peter found an ugly mark on his guitar when Harry returned it. (教材原句)Until you talk to them, they might not know how you feel.直到你和他们谈了，他们才可能知道你的感受。 (教材原句)You won't understand why she got upset until you put yourself in her shoes.你不会明白她为什么伤心，直到你设身处地为她着想。 when, until等词用于引导时间状语从句。时间状语从句一般遵循“主将从现”原则。主句用过去时，从句也相应地使用过去的时态。 如：Before you leave, please turn off the light. 在你离开前，请把灯关了。 While my sister was watching TV, I was doing my homework.（妹妹看电视时，我在写作业。 注意：until表示“直到...时候”；not...until...表示“直到...时候，才...” 请比较以下两个句子： He didn’t go to bed until his father came back. 直到他爸爸回来，他才去睡觉。 He slept until his father came back.他一直睡到他爸爸回来。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 (1) 当你外出时，你应该保护你自己。 You should protect yourself when you go out alone. (2) 在平底锅里煮土豆，直到他们变软。 Cook the potatoes in the pan until they’re soft. (3) 学生们直到完成了所有的清洁工作才离开教室。 The students didn’t leave the classroom until they finished all the cleaning work. 2. if引导条件状语从句 (教材原句)I'm afraid I’ll cry if we talk.我害怕如果我们交谈我会哭。 if引导条件状语从句，描述一个有可能发生的条件及其可能产生的结果。if条件句一般遵循“主将从现”原则，如第二句。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 如果你想保持健康，你应该多吃蔬菜。 You should eat more vegetables if you want to keep healthy. 3. so that引导目的状语从句 (教材原句)Peter accepted Ella's suggestion and called Harry so that he could say sorry.彼得接受了埃拉的建议，给哈里打了电话，以便能够道歉。 so that引导目的状语从句，表示主句动作发生的目的。 如：He spoke slowly and clearly so that everyone would understand.他说得又慢又清楚以便每个人都能听懂。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 David每个月存钱以便他很快能买一辆新车。 David saves money every month so that he can buy a new car soon. 4. although引导让步状语从句 (教材原句)I’m sure your parents just want you to do well, although they may not show it.我确信你的父母只是希望你表现得好，尽管他们可能没有表现出来。 (教材原句)Although you argued , you are still very close friends.尽管你们吵过架，但是你们还是很好的朋友。 although, though等可用于引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然...”。 如：Although she had studied hard, she didn’t pass the exam. 尽管她努力学习，但还是没通过考试。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 虽然这座古建筑超过500年了，但它看起来仍然美丽而坚固。 Although the ancient building is more than 500 years old, it still looks beautiful and strong. 5. 用于提建议的句型： (教材原句)If you did something wrong, maybe you should say sorry first.如果你做了错事，也许你应该先说对不起。 if从句用了过去式形式did，提出建议时使语气更加委婉。 (教材原句)Why don’t you talk to them? 你为什么不和他们谈谈呢？ Why don’t you+动词原形+其他...? 句型可用于提出建议，此句型可简化为Why not+动词原形+其他...? (教材原句)How about writing them a letter so that you can get your message across clearly?给他们写封信怎么样？以便你能把你的信息表达清楚。 How about+doing+其他？用于提出建议，等同于What about+doing+其他？ [随学随练] 翻译句子 (1) 如果你打破了窗户，也许你应该告诉老师。 If you broke the window, maybe you should tell the teacher. (2) 为什么不给他写信呢？ Why don’t write him a letter ? (3) 休息一会怎么样？ How about taking a break? 4、 其他知识解析 1. 动词-ing作主语 (教材原句)Just talking to you makes me feel better already ! 跟你说话已经让我感觉好多了! (教材原句)Writing things down can also make you feel better. 把事情写下来也能让你感觉更好。 动词-ing形式可以充当主语、宾语等成分。当个的动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 [随学随练] (1) ________ in the park is a relaxing activity for people of all ages. A．Go on an outing B．Going on an outing C．Went on an outing D．To going on an outing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：去公园郊游对各个年龄段的人来说都是一项令人放松的活动。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少主语，“Go on an outing”是动词原形，不能作主语；“Went on an outing”是过去式形式，也不能作主语；“To going on an outing”形式错误，动词不定式是“to do”形式；“Going on an outing”是动名词形式，动名词作主语表示抽象的、经常性的行为或状态，在这里“Going on an outing”作主语表示“去郊游”这件事，符合语境。故选B。 (2) Eating more fruits and vegetables ________ good for our health. Why don’t you have a try? A．is B．are C．does D．do 【答案】A 【详解】句意：多吃水果和蔬菜对我们的健康有好处。你为什么不试一试呢？ 考查主谓一致。is是，主语是第三人称单数；are是，主语是第二人称及第三人称复数；does做，动词原形；do做，动词原形。句子主语为“Eating more fruits and vegetables”，动名词短语作主语，视为单数，谓语动词应用is，故选A。 2. 不定式用法 (教材原句)seeing an accident happen (教材原句)help you clear your mind (教材原句)I didn’t mean to do it. (教材原句)I’m sorry to hear that. 第一句和第二句中不定式充当宾语补足语，see为感官动词，其后接不带to的不定式充当宾语补足语强调动作的全过程；help后接不定式充当宾语补足语时，可带to,也可不带to。 第三句中不定式作mean后的宾语。第四句中不定式充当原因状语。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) Good news! John has won the gold medal in the 100-meter sprint. I watched him ______ the race. A．finish B．finished C．finishes D．to finish 【答案】A 【详解】句意：好消息！约翰在100米短跑中赢得了金牌。我看着他完成了比赛。 考查非谓语动词。watch sb do sth“看见某人做某事”，表示看到动作的全过程，此处用不带to的动词不定式。故选A。 (2) He often helps his mother ________ dinner. A．cooks B．cooking C．cook D．cooked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他经常帮助他的妈妈做晚饭。 考查非谓语动词。help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”，空处填动词原形cook。故选C。 (3) The little girl is afraid ________ alone at home, so she always asks her mother to stay with her. A．to stay B．staying C．stay D．stayed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：那个小女孩不敢独自待在家里，所以她总是让她妈妈陪着她。 考查非谓语动词。to stay待着，不定式；staying待着，动名词；stay待着，动词原形；stayed待着，动词过去式。根据“The little girl is afraid…alone at home”可知，那个小女孩不敢独自待在家里。固定短语be afraid to do sth.，意为“不敢做某事”，往往指由于胆小而不敢做某事。故选A。 (4) Tom managed ________ the problem by himself after thinking for a long time. A．solve B．to solve C．solving D．solved 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆想了很久之后，设法自己解决了这个问题。 考查动词固定搭配。solve动词原形；to solve动词不定式；solving动词现在分词或动名词；solved动词过去式或过去分词。manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”，是固定短语，此处应该使用动词不定式to solve。故选B。 5、 知识过关练习 1. 词汇填空  根据据提示填写正确形式的单词或按照中文句子补全句子，每空一词。 (1) We should try to (控制) our anger when we are upset. 【答案】control 【详解】句意：当我们感到不安时，应该尽量控制愤怒。control“控制”，try to do sth“尽量做某事”。故填control。 (2) He received an (奖) for his excellent performance. 【答案】award 【详解】句意：他因其出色的表现而获得了一个奖项。根据“an”可知，横线处需填名词，且该名词以元音音素开头。“奖”英文表达为“award”，是名词，符合题意。故填award。 (3) She was (孤独的) because she had no friends to play with at the new school. 【答案】lonely 【详解】句意：她很孤独，因为在新学校她没有朋友可以一起玩。根据汉语提示“孤独的”可知，应填形容词lonely，在句中作表语。故填lonely。 (4) The park is beautiful if you (关闭) your eyes to the litter. 【答案】shut 【详解】句意：如果你对垃圾视而不见，这个公园是很美的。根据汉语提示可知，此处应填入动词shut。固定搭配shut one’s eyes to sth.意为“对某事视而不见；对某事闭上眼睛不看”。if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”或“主现从现”原则，此处主句为一般现在时，从句主语you为第二人称，故谓语动词用原形shut。故填shut。 (5) —Do we need more milk? —No, there’s (充足) in the fridge. 【答案】plenty 【详解】句意：——我们需要更多牛奶吗？——不用，冰箱里有充足的（牛奶）。plenty意为“充足，丰富，大量”，“plenty”在此处指代不可数名词milk，单独使用时表示“充足的量”，符合语境，故填plenty。 (6) Many students feel a lot of (压力) to get good grades and look cool in front of their friends. 【答案】pressure 【详解】句意：许多学生为了取得好成绩并在朋友面前显得很酷，感到压力很大。根据汉语提示可知，pressure“压力”，不可数名词，a lot of后可接不可数名词。故填pressure。 (7) I must (劝告) you to think very carefully before making any decision. 【答案】advise 【详解】句意：我必须劝你做任何决定前仔细考虑一下。must后接动词原形，advise表示“劝告”，用法是advise sb to do sth表示“劝告某人做某事”。故填advise。 (8) 从今以后，我们应该学会尊重彼此的意见。 , we should learn to respect each other’s opinions. 【答案】 In future 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“从今以后”。“从今以后”用固定短语“in future”表达，用于引出后续的行为建议，此处放句首首字母大写。故填In；future。 (9) On Mother’s Day, children usually give flowers to their mothers as p (礼物). 【答案】(p)resents 【详解】句意：在母亲节，孩子们通常把花作为礼物送给母亲。首字母为p代表礼物的单词只有present符合题意，根据“children usually give flowers to their mothers”可知，此处为复数形式，故填(p)resents。 (10) These days, people set high (标准) for themselves and their jobs. 【答案】standards 【详解】句意：如今，人们为自己和工作设定了高标准。标准：standard，名词；根据“people set high...for themselves and their jobs.”可知，此处表示人们为自己和他们的工作设定了高标准，应用名词复数。故填standards。 (11) 当你感到难过时，试着从好的方面想，情况就会好转。 When you feel sad, try to and things will get better. 【答案】 look on the bright side 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“从好的方面想”。“从好的方面想”对应的英文固定短语是look on the bright side，try to后接动词原形。故填look；on；the；bright；side。 (12) 约翰有一种独特的方法，用尽可能少的词来解释清楚他的观点。 John has a good way to his opinion by using as few words as possible. 【答案】 get across 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“解释清楚”。固定短语get across，意为“（使）被理解；把……讲清楚”，符合“用尽可能少的词解释清楚观点”的语境。句子结构为“have a good way to do sth.”，用动词原形get across。故填get；across。 (13) 我很抱歉打碎了你的盘子，但是我不是故意的。 I’m sorry I broke your plate, but I didn’t do that . 【答案】 on purpose 【详解】对比中英文可知，空格处缺少“故意的”，其英文表达为on purpose，介词短语。故填on；purpose。 (14) 人工智能可以帮助处理人们的情感问题。 AI can help people’s emotional problems. 【答案】 deal with 【详解】处理：deal with，help (to) do sth.“帮助做某事”。故填deal with。 2. 单句语法填空 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) She was so (shock) that she couldn’t speak. 【答案】shocked 【详解】句意：她震惊得说不出话来。分析句子结构可知，空处应用所给词的形容词形式，作表语，主语为指人的“She”，用shocked“震惊的”。故填shocked。 (2) The teacher advised us (wear) masks when we go to crowded places. 【答案】to wear 【详解】句意：老师建议我们去人多的地方时戴上口罩。advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事，to do不定式作宾语补足语，wear用不定式形式，故填to wear。 (3) Here is some (advise)on how to improve your English. 【答案】advice 【详解】句意：这里有一些关于如何提高你的英语水平的建议。根据“Here is some ...”可知，some后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，advise的名词形式为advice，不可数名词。故填advice。 (4) She felt sad because of the (hurt) words from her classmates during the argument. 【答案】hurtful 【详解】句意： 她感到难过，因为辩论期间同学们说的伤人的话。根据中文提示“hurt”及句子结构“the ... words”可知此处需用形容词hurtful来修饰名词“words”，表示“伤人的”。故填hurtful。 (5) The man (control) the speed of the car and drove slowly in the snow. 【答案】controlled 【详解】句意：那个男人控制了车速并在雪中缓慢行驶。根据“and drove...”可知，and表并列，前后动词形式一致，drove为过去式，故空处也需动词过去式。动词control“控制”的过去式为controlled。故填controlled。 (6) When he makes a mistake, his father feels very (anger). 【答案】angry 【详解】句意：当他犯错误时，他的爸爸感到很生气。anger“怒火”是名词；angry“生气的”是形容词。feel是系动词，后加形容词。故填angry。 (7) She (forgive) him and never argued with him. 【答案】forgave 【详解】句意：她原谅了他，并且再也没有和他争吵过。根据“never argued with him”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式forgave“原谅”。故填forgave。 (8) We (present)our project to the class yesterday. 【答案】presented 【详解】句意：昨天我们向全班展示了我们的项目。根据“We…our project to the class yesterday.”可知，句中yesterday是一般过去时的标志，谓语动词需用过去式；present作为动词时意为“展示、呈现”，其过去式是presented，presented符合语境。故填presented。 (9) He spoke (clear) so that everyone could understand him. 【答案】clearly 【详解】句意：他讲得很清楚，所以每个人都能听懂。根据提示可知，clear意为“清楚的”，是形容词；此处需要修饰动词spoke，需用其副词形式。故填clearly。 (10) The two kids cut the cake half and shared it. 【答案】in/into 【详解】句意：两个孩子把蛋糕切成两半并分享。cut...in/into half“把……切成两半”，固定用法。故填in/into。 (11) He rose to his feet, picked up the book and (shut) the door quietly. 【答案】shut 【详解】句意：他站起来，拿起书，然后轻轻地关上了门。根据“rose”和“picked up”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，描述的是过去发生的动作，and连接并列的谓语动词，所以此处也应该用shut的过去式，而shut的过去式还是shut。故填shut。 (12) (last)I want to thank all my family and friends . 【答案】Lastly 【详解】句意：最后，我想感谢我所有的家人和朋友。last作形容词或副词时，意为“最后的/最后”，此处需要一个副词来引出总结性的陈述，其副词形式为lastly表示“最后，最终”，句首字母大写。故填Lastly。 (13) We often see our class teacher (work) in the office after school. 【答案】work 【详解】句意：我们经常看到我们的班主任放学后在办公室工作。根据“We often see our class teacher...in the office after school.”以及英语提示可知，此处考查see sb. do sth.“看到某人做某事”，所以此处用动词原形。故填work。 (14) I mean (take) part in the basketball match tomorrow. 【答案】to take 【详解】句意：我打算参加明天的篮球比赛。mean to do sth.“打算/要做某事”，固定搭配，应用动词不定式to take。故填to take。 (15) He is afraid (tell) his mum about the school report. 【答案】to tell 【详解】句意：他不敢把学校报告的事告诉他妈妈。根据“is afraid”可知，be afraid to do“害怕做某事”。故填to tell。 (16) Don’t compare yourself others all the time; just focus on yourself. 【答案】with 【详解】句意：不要一直把自己和别人比较；只专注于自己。根据“compare yourself”和“others”可知，此处指把自己和别人比较，compare ... with ...“把……和……比较”。故填with。 (17) —How about (play) badminton after school? —That sounds wonderful! 【答案】playing 【详解】句意：——放学后去打羽毛球怎么样？——听起来太棒了！根据“How about”可知，about是介词，后应跟动名词形式，play的动名词为playing。故填playing。 (18) Too much pressure can make people (feel) tired easily. 【答案】feel 【详解】句意：过多的压力会使人容易感到疲劳。make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填feel。 (19) You can easily clean out the virus on your computer without (shut) it down. 【答案】shutting 【详解】句意：你可以在不关机的情况下轻松清除电脑上的病毒。根据“without”可知，without doing sth.“没有做某事”，此空使用动名词。故填shutting。 (20) fast food is easy and delicious, we should eat home-cooked meals more often. 【答案】Although 【详解】句意：虽然快餐方便美味，但我们应该更常吃家常菜。根据“fast food is easy and delicious, we should eat home-cooked meals more often.”可知，句子前后句是让步关系，用although“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。故填Although。 (21) My parents usually wait for me to have dinner I get home from school. 【答案】until/till 【详解】句意：我的父母通常等我直到我从学校回家才吃晚饭。根据“...I get home from school”可知，空处需填入连接词，引导时间状语从句，until/till“直到……才”，体现动作的持续性。故填until/till。 (22) We’d like to clean the city park the weather is fine this weekend. 【答案】if 【详解】句意：如果这个周末天气好，我们想去打扫城市公园。此处表示一种假设的条件，句子前半部分“We’d like to clean the city park”是主句，表达一种意愿，后半部分“the weather is fine this weekend”是一个条件，“if”在此处表示“如果”，用于连接主句和条件状语从句，符合语境。故填if。 (23) When you go climbing, you need to be careful so you don’t have an accident. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：当你去爬山时，你需要小心，以免发生事故。根据“you need to be careful so...you don’t have an accident.”可知，小心的目的是避免发生事故，应用so that引导目的状语从句。故填that。 (24) Although it may end up with a little more money, your  (love) ones will thank you for it. 【答案】loved 【详解】句意：虽然这可能最终会多花一点钱，但你所爱的人会为此感谢你。根据空格前的 “your” 是形容词性物主代词，空格后的 “ones” 是代词，需要一个形容词来修饰，所以空格上填形容词形式。love 的形容词形式 loved，意思是 “受爱戴的，被爱的”，your loved ones 是固定表达，意为 “你所爱的人，亲人”，故填 loved。 3. 单项填空 (1) From my childhood, I ________ remember my parents working hard day and night. A．clearly B．differently C．early D．lovely 【答案】A 【详解】句意：从童年起，我就清晰地记得父母日夜辛勤工作。 考查副词辨析。clearly清晰地；differently不同地；early早地；lovely可爱的（形容词）。根据“remember my parents”可知，记忆是清晰的。此处需修饰动词“remember”，表示记忆的程度或方式，应选用副词。故选A。 (2) ________ English has a history of about 1,500 years, the first English dictionary didn’t appear until the 18th century. A．Because B．Although C．Unless D．When 【答案】B 【详解】句意：尽管英语有大约1500年的历史，但第一本英语词典直到18世纪才出现。 考查连词辨析。Because因为；Although尽管；Unless除非；When当……时。根据句意，前半句说英语历史悠久，后半句说词典出现很晚，前后是让步关系，表示“虽然……但是……”。故选B。 (3) She was ________ to hear that her favorite singer would come to our city. A．shocked B．proud C．lonely D．positive 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她震惊地听说她最喜欢的歌手要来我们城市。 考查形容词辨析。shocked震惊的；proud骄傲的；lonely孤独的；positive积极的。根据“her favorite singer would come to our city”可知，自己喜欢的歌手要来，通常会产生惊讶、激动的反应，shocked在此可表示“感到吃惊、意外”，符合语境。故选A。 (4) —Why can’t Mary run very fast today? —Because there is ________ with her leg. A．something wrong B．wrong nothing C．anything wrong D．wrong something 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——为什么玛丽今天跑不快？——因为她的腿出了点问题。 考查不定代词和形容词的位置。something某事，常用于肯定句中；anything任何事，常用于否定句或疑问句中；nothing没有什么，表示否定意义；wrong有毛病，形容词。something、anything和nothing都是不定代词，形容词修饰不定代词，应放在不定代词的后面，故排除B和D；且空格处位于肯定句中，所以something wrong符合语境，故选A。 (5) My teacher ________ us to make a study plan at the beginning of each term. A．made B．stopped C．suffered D．advised 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的老师建议我们在每学期初制定一个学习计划。 考查动词辨析。made使，制作；stopped停止；suffered遭受；advised建议。根据句意，老师应该是“建议”学生制定计划，且“advise sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“建议某人做某事”。故选D。 (6) —I lost my wallet this morning. I’m so sad. —________. Maybe someone will find it and return it to you. A．Look on the bright side B．Never mind the weather C．What’s more D．That way 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——今天早上我丢了钱包。我很伤心。——往好处想。也许有人会找到它并还给你。 考查情景交际。Look on the bright side往好处想，看开点；Never mind the weather不管天气如何；What’s more而且，此外；That way那样。根据“I lost my wallet…I’m so sad.”以及“Maybe someone will find it and return it to you.”可知，对方正处于丢钱包的悲伤中，后文提出了一个积极乐观的可能。由此可知，空处应填入鼓励对方“往好处想”的表达。故选A。 (7) We should ________ our classmates and help each other at school. A．get along well with B．argue with C．fight with D．shut away 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在学校里，我们应该与同学相处融洽并互相帮助。 考查动词短语辨析。get along well with与……相处融洽；argue with与……争吵；fight with与……打架；shut away隔离，关起来。根据“and help each other at school”可知，此处应选择表示积极关系的短语，强调友好相处。故选A。 (8) If you want to ________ your feelings clearly, you should talk to your parents. A．get across B．reduce by half C．put on D．take back 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你想清楚地表达你的感受，你应该和你的父母谈谈。 考查动词短语辨析。get across传达，使被理解；reduce by half减少一半；put on穿上，上演；take back收回。根据“If you want to ... your feelings clearly,”可知，此处应表示“传达、表达”之意，且“talk to your parents”是为了更好地表达感受。故选A。 (9) Even though he is under great stress, he tries to ________ his anger and stay calm. A．control B．express C．shout D．share 【答案】A 【详解】句意：尽管他压力很大，但他努力控制自己的愤怒并保持冷静。 考查动词辨析。control控制；express表达；shout大喊；share分享。根据“he tries to...his anger and stay calm”可知，面对压力时应控制愤怒，而不是表达、大喊或分享愤怒。故选A。 (10) —It’s his new book, but I think it is more interesting than his other books. —I agree with you. His latest book is up to his highest _________ . A．choice B．standard C．purpose D．wealth 【答案】B 【详解】句意：-这是他的新书，但我认为它比他的其他书更有趣。-我同意你的观点。他的最新著作达到了他的最高水平。A. choice名词，选择；B. standard名词，标准、水准C. purpose名词，目的；D. wealth名词，财富。根据语境可知是“水准”之意。故选:B。 4. 选择填空 A 根据句意用方框中的单词填空，每个单词限用一次。 hurt； lonely；standard； shocked； emotion； control 1．She felt mixed when moving to a new city. 2．The car lost and hit a big tree. 3．Don’t say such things to your friend. 4．The young man has no friends here, so he feels . 5．We are at what happened to him. 6．If they were put together, the solar panels(太阳能板) would cover an area of 1.4  football fields.  【答案】1．emotions 2．control 3．hurtful 4．lonely 5．shocked 6．standard  【解析】 1．句意：搬到新城市时，她百感交集。根据“mixed”，“when moving to a new city”的语境及备选词可知，此处需表达“情绪”的含义，且mixed emotions“复杂的情绪”，是固定搭配。故填emotions。 2．句意：汽车失控并撞上了一棵大树。根据“hit a big tree”及备选词可知，此处需表达“失控”的含义，lose control“失去控制”，是固定短语。故填control。 3．句意：不要对你的朋友说这种伤人的话。根据“things”和语境及备选词可知，此处需填形容词修饰名词things，动词hurt的形容词形式hurtful“伤人的”。故填hurtful。 4．句意：这个年轻人在这里没有朋友，所以他感到孤独。根据“has no friends”及备选词可知，此处需表达“孤独的”含义，形容词lonely“孤独的”符合语义。故填lonely。 5．句意：我们对他身上发生的事感到震惊。根据“what happened to him”及备选词可知，此处需表达“震惊的”含义，be shocked at“对……感到震惊”，是固定搭配。故填shocked。 6．句意：如果把它们拼在一起，这些太阳能电池板将覆盖 1.4 个标准足球场的面积。根据空格后的 “football fields” 是名词短语，此处需填形容词修饰名词短语 football fields。standard 作形容词，意为 “标准的”，standard football fields 表示 “标准足球场”，符合句意，故填 standard。 B 根据句意用方框中的短语填空，每个短语限用一次。 look on the bright side, on purpose, plenty of, shut away, put yourself in someone’s shoes 1．Even when things go wrong, we should try to . 2．I didn’t break the vase ; it was an accident. 3．There is food for everyone at the party. 4．Don’t your feelings ; talk to someone you trust. 5．Before you get angry, try to and understand how they feel. 【答案】1．look on the bright side 2．on purpose 3．plenty of 4． shut away 5．put yourself in someone’s shoes 【解析】 1．句意：即使事情出错，我们也应该努力看到积极的一面。根据“when things go wrong,”可知，事情出错时应该看到积极的一面，“look on the bright side” 意为“看到积极的一面；保持乐观”，符合“即使情况不好，也要保持积极态度”的语境。故填look on the bright side。 2．句意：我不是故意打破花瓶的；那是个意外。 “on purpose” 意为“故意地”，与后文“是意外”形成逻辑对比，强调并非有意为之。故填on purpose。 3．句意：聚会上有充足的食物供每个人享用。 “plenty of” 表示“大量的；充足的”，应修饰不可数名词“food”，符合“足够供应所有人”的语义。故填plenty of。 4．句意：不要把自己的情绪封闭起来；找个你信任的人聊聊。 “shut away” 意为“将……封闭起来”，常与情绪、想法搭配，强调压抑情感，后文“找人倾诉”与其形成转折建议。故填shut；away。 5．句意： 在生气之前，试着设身处地，理解对方的感受。根据“understand how they feel.”可知，应设身处地理解对方“put yourself in sb’s shoes” 是固定短语，意为“设身处地为他人着想”，与后文“理解他人感受”直接对应。故填put yourself in someone’s shoes。 5. 翻译句子 (1) 他建议我加入音乐俱乐部。 【答案】He advised me to join the music club. (2) 一旦你宽恕了自己，同样重要的是与他人尽释前嫌。 【答案】Once you forgive yourself, it’s also important to clear the air with others. (3) 如果你做错了事，也许你应该先道歉。 【答案】If you did something wrong, maybe you should say sorry first. (4) 你应该把蛋糕切成两半和你姐姐分享。 【答案】You should cut the cake in half and share it with your sister. (5) 你应该控制自己的愤怒。毕竟他不是故意地打破窗户的。 【答案】You should control your anger. After all, he didn’t break the window on purpose. (6) 与朋友分享快乐能使你的快乐加倍。 【答案】Sharing happiness with friends can double your joy. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $