语法专项 Unit1 现在完成时（1）课件 2025-2026学年外研版八年级英语上册

教学课件 外研版八年级上册 Unit 1语法专项——现在完成时（1） 全解精讲+分层练习 1 学习目标 掌握现在完成时的基本构成形式和句式变化 理解现在完成时的两大核心用法及适用场景 熟记不同时间状语的搭配规则和使用位置 区分现在完成时与一般过去时的本质差异 学会瞬间动词与持续动词的转换方法 现在完成时·定义 构成：由助动词have/has + 动词过去分词共同构成 核心：连接过去与现在两个时间点，体现两者的关联 两大核心含义：过去动作对现在的影响或结果 过去开始的动作/状态持续到现在 时态属性：属于现在时范畴，核心关注现在的状态 现在完成时·基本结构（一） 核心主谓搭配规则 第一、二人称（I/you/we）作主语，搭配助动词have 第三人称单数（he/she/it/单数名词）作主语，搭配has 无论何种句式，动词均使用过去分词形式 否定形式：have/has后加not，缩写为haven’t/hasn’t 现在完成时·基本结构（二） 句式类型 结构示例 肯定句 主语+have/has+动词过去分词 否定句 主语+haven’t/hasn’t+动词过去分词 一般疑问句 Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词？ 现在完成时·一般疑问句回答 肯定回答：Yes，主语+have/has. 否定回答：No，主语+haven’t/hasn’t. 回答需与问句中的助动词保持一致，不可混用 回答时主语需用代词，不可直接用名词 示例：—Has Lucy finished her homework? —Yes，she has. / No，she hasn’t. 核心用法1·过去动作对现在的影响/结果 动作发生在过去某个时间，具体时间可不确定 现在能直观感受到该动作带来的状态变化或结果 核心关键：突出动作产生的“现在的结果/影响” 此类用法常搭配专属时间状语，辅助判断时态 常见搭配：already、just、yet、ever、never、before等 时间状语·already & just already（已经）：仅用于肯定句，不可用于否定/疑问句 位置灵活，可置于have/has后或整个句子末尾 例：I have already finished my homework. just（刚刚）：仅用于肯定句，位置固定不可变 必须放在have/has与动词过去分词之间 例：She has just received a phone call from her mom. 时间状语·yet & ever yet（还/尚未）：仅用于否定句和疑问句的句末 否定句例：He hasn’t finished his homework yet. 疑问句例：Have you seen the new film yet? ever（曾经）：仅用于疑问句，常用来询问过往经历 多置于have/has与动词过去分词之间 例：Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 时间状语·never & before never（从未）：用于肯定句，表达否定的含义 位置置于have/has与动词过去分词之间 例：I have never eaten western food before. before（以前）：多用于现在完成时，置于句子末尾 无需搭配具体时间，单独使用即可 例：We have not met each other before. 核心用法2·过去开始持续到现在的动作/状态 动作从过去某个具体时间开始，一直延续到当下 核心关键：强调动作或状态的“持续性” 此类用法有固定的时间状语搭配，易判断 主语与动作之间必须为持续关系，有时间延续性 常见搭配：for+时间段、since+时间点/一般过去时从句 时间状语·for+时间段 for后接表示“一段时间”的名词短语，表持续时长 常见搭配：for 5 years、for a month、for two hours for后接的时间段，从过去开始计算到现在 该搭配仅能体现时长，无法明确动作的开始时间 示例：They have lived in this city for 8 years. 时间状语·since+时间点/从句 since后可接具体的时间点，明确动作的开始时间 常见时间点：since 2020、since last week、since childhood since后也可接一般过去时的句子，表动作开始的背景 从句的动作发生时间，即为主句动作的开始时间 示例：She has studied English since she was 6 years old. 易混点辨析1·现在完成时VS一般过去时 现在完成时 一般过去时 强调过去动作与现在的关联 仅强调过去发生的动作本身 不接具体的过去时间状语 必须搭配具体的过去时间状语 关注现在的结果、状态或影响 关注过去的动作发生或结束 属于现在时范畴，和现在有关 属于过去时范畴，和现在无关 易混点辨析1·时态对比示例 I have lost my key.（现在没钥匙，有实际影响） I lost my key yesterday.（仅说昨天丢了，无现在影响） She has learned English for 3 years.（现在还在学习） She learned English 3 years ago.（过去学过，现在不一定） We have seen this film.（现在知道电影内容） We saw this film last Sunday.（仅说上周看了电影） 易混点辨析2·瞬间动词与持续动词 瞬间动词：动作瞬间发生并完成，无持续过程 常见瞬间动词：buy、join、leave、die、borrow、start等 持续动词：动作可延续，有明显的时间过程 常见持续动词：have、be、stay、live、keep、work等 核心原则：瞬间动词不能与for/since连用表持续 瞬间动词转持续动词·常见搭配 瞬间动词 持续动词/短语 适用场景 buy（买） have（拥有） 表拥有某物的持续时间 join（加入） be in/be a member of 表加入组织的持续时间 leave（离开） be away from 表离开某地的持续时间 die（死亡） be dead 表死亡状态的持续时间 borrow（借） keep（保留） 表借某物的持续时间 瞬间动词转持续动词·改写示例 错误：She has left our school for 1 hour. 正确：She has been away from our school for 1 hour. 错误：I have borrowed this book for 3 days. 正确：I have kept this book for 3 days. 错误：He has joined the football club for 2 years. 正确：He has been in the football club for 2 years. 错误：My dog has died for a month. 正确：My dog has been dead for a month. 小拓展·have been to & have gone to have been to：表示“去过某地”，现在已返回原地 强调过往的经历，可与次数、ever/never等搭配 例：I have been to Shanghai twice with my family. have gone to：表示“去了某地”，现在还未返回 人在途中或目的地，不可与次数、before等搭配 例：My father has gone to Beijing on business. 小拓展·already与yet的转换技巧 肯定句中的already，变否定句时需替换为yet yet需置于否定句的末尾，位置不可随意改变 肯定句中的already，变疑问句时也需替换为yet yet需置于疑问句的末尾，助动词提至句首 例：I have already done the housework.→I haven’t done the housework yet. 语法小练习·基础填空（1） 用have/has填空，巩固主谓搭配规则 1._________ you finished your English homework yet? 2.He _________ never been to the United States of America. 3.We _________ lived in this small town for 5 years. 4._________ she read this interesting story before? 5.They _________ just had their breakfast in the restaurant. 6.My mother _________ cooked dinner for the whole family. Have has have Has have has 语法小练习·基础填空（2） 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.She _____________ (eat) two apples and a banana this morning. 2.We ________________ (not finish) the group work yet, need more time. 3.They _____________ (visit) the science museum three times so far. 4.My brother _____________ (just win) the first prize in the match. 5.I _______________ (never meet) his parents before this party. 6.The girls _____________ (dance) for half an hour on the playground. has eaten haven’t finished have visited has just won have never met have danced 语法练习·句式改写（1） 按要求改写句子，巩固基础句式变化 1.He has washed his dirty clothes by himself.（改为否定句） 2.We have lived in this big house for more than 10 years.（改为一般疑问句） 3.She has just arrived home from her school.（改为一般疑问句并否定回答） 4.I have read this novel twice since last month.（改为否定句） He hasn’t washed his dirty clothes by himself. Have you lived in this big house for more than 10 years? Has she just arrived home from her school? No，she hasn’t. I haven’t read this novel twice since last month. 语法练习·句式改写（2） 划线部分提问 1.They have studied English for 6 years. 2.She has been to Paris twice with her friends. 3.He has bought a new black pen in the shop. 4.My parents have lived in Beijing since 2015. How long have they studied English? Where has she been twice with her friends? What has he bought in the shop? How long have your parents lived in Beijing? 语法练习·单项选择（1） 1.—______ you ______ the new film? —Yes，I saw it last Sunday. A. Have；seen B. Did；see C. Do；see 2.My father ______ in Shanghai since he graduated from college. A. works B. worked C. has worked 3.—Have you ______ finished your homework? —Yes，I have. A. yet B. just C. never 4.They ______ seen this cartoon before，it’s new for them. A. have B. haven’t C. don’t A C B B 语法练习·单项选择（2） 1.I ______ the book for two weeks，I need to return it soon. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. have kept 2.—Have you ever ______ to Xi’an? —Yes，I ______ there last year. A. been；went B. gone；go C. been；go 3.How long ______ your sister ______ in this school? A. has；studied B. did；study C. does；study 4.He ______ just ______ a letter to his best friend in America. A. has；written B. wrote；has C. is；writing C A A A 语法练习·改错（1） 1.He has buy a new school bag for a month. 2.I have lived here since my family moved 5 years. 3.She hasn’t finish her math homework yet this evening. 4.They have already visited the zoo yesterday morning. 5.We have not eat western food before we came here. buy→had 5 years→5 years ago finish→finished 去掉already eat→eaten 语法练习·改错（2） 1.I have lost my new pen on my way to school yesterday. 2.My parents have gone to Beijing twice with my grandparents. 3.How long have you joined the English club in our school? 4.The little boy has died for two years in a car accident. 5.She has borrowed this story book for more than a week. 去掉have gone→been joined→been in died→been dead borrowed→kept 语法练习·完成句子 1.我刚刚收到了我的好朋友发来的电子邮件。 I _________ _________ _________ the e-mail from my good friend. 2.她从来没有去过举世闻名的万里长城。 She _________ _________ _________ to the world-famous Great Wall. 3.我们从小学开始认识彼此，已经8年了。 We _________ _________ each other for 8 years since primary school. 4.他们还没有完成他们的家庭作业，需要再做一会儿。 They _________ _________ their homework yet，they need more time. have just received has never been have known haven’t finished 语法综合练习·句型转换 1.I have read this interesting story book many times.（改为一般疑问句） 2.He has been in the army for more than 3 years.（对划线部分提问） 3.She has already cleaned her bedroom by herself.（改为否定句） 4.They have known each other since they were young children.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） Have you read this interesting story book many times? How long has he been in the army? She hasn’t cleaned her bedroom by herself yet. Have they known each other since they were young children? Yes，they have. 语法练习·情景对话 A: __________ you __________ (be) to the new city park near our home? B: Yes，I ______. I ______ (go) there with my brother last Sunday. A: __________ is it like? Is it beautiful and big enough? B: It’s very beautiful and clean. I ________________ (never see) such a nice park in our city. A: Great! I want to go there with my family this weekend. Have been have went What have never seen 现在完成时·核心考点梳理 结构考点：have/has与主语的搭配，过去分词的正确书写 用法考点：两大核心用法的判断，对应时间状语的搭配 辨析考点：与一般过去时的区别，根据语境选择时态 转换考点：瞬间动词转持续动词，常见搭配的熟记 拓展考点：have been to与have gone to的用法差异 现在完成时·解题技巧 看时间状语：出现for/since/already/yet等选现在完成时 看语境含义：强调现在影响/持续状态用现在完成时 看提问方式：how long提问，需用持续动词+现在完成时 看时间标志：有yesterday/last week等具体过去时间用一般过去时 看动作属性：瞬间动词不可与for/since连用，需转换 现在完成时·易错点总结 第三人称单数主语误用have，忽略主谓搭配规则 瞬间动词直接与for/since连用，未进行形式转换 混淆have been to与have gone to的用法，错用场景 现在完成时搭配yesterday等具体过去时间状语 动词过去分词拼写错误，尤其不规则动词的形式 教学课件 Unit 1语法专项——现在完成时（1） Thank you for listening! 35 $