2026届高三英语二轮复习阅读理解专项训练（人与社会第5练）

2026届阅读理解专项训练（人与社会第5练） 姓名：___________班级：___________学号：___________得分：___________ 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 选择 题号 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 选择 Passage 1（25-26高三下·云南昆明·开学考试） Nearly four decades ago, Liu Qingjie, a hobbyist invention lover from Shandong, started chasing a “flying dream” — designing a functional flying machine. His effort to build a plane was met with cold suspicion: he spent over 1.5 million yuan and 10 years on experiments, yet villagers dismissed him as a hopeless dreamer and his family pressured him to quit. Back then, Liu saw his dream as a lonely battle. But things shifted when a local village official offered a game-changing suggestion, “Why not repurpose the design into a pesticide-spraying (农药喷洒) flying umbrella to assist farmers?” The idea clicked: Liu shifted his focus, trading a personal dream for a practical goal. Liu dived into the new project. Lacking expertise, he studied online guides and tested gliders (滑翔机) and hot air balloons — all crashed. Yet he grew “resistant” to setbacks, driven by the thought of helping his neighbors while still achieving his flying dream. The pesticide aircraft required two key features: ultra-short takeoff (for small farm fields) and stable low-level flight. After months of adjustments, he built a flying umbrella that met both needs. His first test was make-or-break. The flying umbrella took off. It flew at an overly sharp angle, nearly tearing its ropes apart — luckily, he landed safely. Next, he succeeded in the low-level test, flying steadily 3 meters above a balloon, which he’d never managed before. After fixing minor imperfections, he took it to the fields just as pesticide season began. A villager challenged him to a “human vs. machine” spray contest. The villagers rushed to start, but once Liu’s flying umbrella took off, it sped across the fields in seconds. Soon, the tired villagers slowed down; Liu finished first. The once-doubtful crowd now cheered. Liu’s dream hadn’t disappeared — it had transformed: what started as a mere personal ambition became a tool that lightened his neighbors’ burdens. 1．Why did Liu’s family disapprove of him? A．His invention didn’t benefit villagers. B．The villagers held a doubtful attitude. C．He spent too much money and energy. D．The government objected to his vision. 2．What can we know about Liu’s pesticide-spraying flying umbrella? A．It enhanced flexibility at great heights. B．It could extend long-distance range. C．It was capable of taking off in limited spaces. D．It enlarged the capacity to store pesticides. 3．Why was a “human vs. machine” spray contest launched? A．To prove the effectiveness of the flying umbrella. B．To fix the imperfection of the flying umbrella. C．To persuade villagers to use the flying umbrella. D．To draw authority’s concern about flying umbrella. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Battle Between Human and Machine B．The Challenges of Building a Pesticide Aircraft C．A Village’s Battle Against Farm Work Tiredness D．A Dream Redefined: From Disapproval to Applause Passage 2（2026·贵州贵阳·一模） Many people have seen the way a Mimosa pudica plant, also called the touch-me-not, folds its leaves when touched. Fewer know that if you put one into a sealed room with a dose of anaesthetic (麻醉剂), it will eventually stop doing this, as though it has been knocked out or put to sleep. This raises controversial ideas: Does this plant exist in a state of awareness that is shut off by anaesthetics? Or might we consider this state as plants’ subjective internal experience? Paco Calvo at the University of Murcia in Spain and a small group of plant behaviour researchers take them seriously. Plants operate in ways that are difficult for us to perceive, so people have traditionally assumed they aren’t doing very much. But in recent years, researchers have found them to possess many surprising abilities. Plants can sense and react to more aspects of their environments than we can, and they maintain busy social lives by communicating with each other above and below ground. Calvo believes that the first step in exploring the internal lives of plants is to look closely at their behaviour. He has spent many hours simply sitting and watching his favourite common bean plants grow. “One way to tune in to plants is to slow down and get closer to their different timescales,” he says. At the Minimal Intelligence Laboratory (MINT Lab) at the University of Murcia, he and his colleagues take a more high-tech approach. Taking the climbing beans as an example, they use images taken every minute to capture the plants’ movements while monitoring their internal electrical signalling activity with electrodes and biosensors (生物传感器). While the MINT Lab is looking joyfully at electrical signalling, other plant behaviourists are being sceptical about plants having consciousness. “It’s an interesting philosophical question, but not a very useful one for understanding plants, as everything they do can be explained physiologically (生理地),” says Mike Blatt at the University of Glasgow, UK. 5．Why is the experiment on Mimosa pudica mentioned? A．To discuss plants’ awareness. B．To introduce an anaesthetic. C．To end the public’s argument. D．To call for plant conservation. 6．What has recent research found about plants? A．They are passive in communication. B．They move at a relatively slow speed. C．They operate under a visible system. D．They are sensitive to the surroundings. 7．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Approaches of observing plants. B．Functions of electrical signals. C．Steps of growing climbing beans. D．Timescales of exploring plants. 8．What might Mike Blatt think of MINT Lab’s study? A．Innovative. B．Worthful. C．Fruitless. D．Outdated. Passage 3（2026·甘肃武威·模拟预测） At the start of every new year, many of us think about how to make our lives better. Perhaps we want to lose weight or stay off our cell phones. If only we had more willpower, the thinking goes, we could meet our goals. But a new study suggests that we could have that backwards. In the study, two groups of participants filled out surveys measuring their level of self-control and happiness over time to see if their self-control at one point led to greater well-being later on, and vice versa (反之亦然). People in both groups reported on how well they employed strategies like inhibition (e. g., the ability to resist temptations), initiation (e. g., not wasting time before getting to a project), and continuation (e. g., being consistent in their actions) to have better self-control. For well-being measures, researchers asked participants how much they agreed with statements like, “I am happy”, “I appreciate my own self-worth”, and “I am appreciative of life”, or asked them to report on things like how optimistic, energetic, and happy they were. When looking within individuals over time, the researchers found that a person with greater self-control at one point in time did not report having greater well-being at later points in time. However, people who had greater well-being at one point in time did experience greater self-control later on. What is the science behind this? Lile Jia, an author of the study, points to Barbara Fredrickson’s “broaden-and-build” theory of positive emotions, which suggests that having positive feelings increases our psychological resources. This means that when feeling good, we can be more creative and open to new experiences, helping us manage difficulties better — including the “work” of stopping ourselves from walking away from our goals. “When you find yourself struggling to stick to your goals, I would encourage you to resist the urge to label yourself as undisciplined or unworthy. Instead, consider it a signal to check in on your own state of being,” says Jia. “Feeling good is not just the destination. It is a critical part of the journey.” 9．What were the participants asked to do in the study? A．Recall memorable experiences. B．Report their own state of being. C．Put forward practical strategies. D．Show gratitude to group members. 10．Why is Barbara Fredrickson’s theory mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To explain why feeling good boosts self-control. B．To tell the function of psychological resources. C．To compare factors contributing to fulfilling goals. D．To prove that self-control leads to ultimate happiness. 11．What does Jia try to do in the last paragraph? A．Remind us to set realistic goals. B．Urge us to push ourselves harder. C．Suggest paying attention to our well-being. D．highlight external encouragement. 12．What is the main idea of the text? A．Greater well-being comes from better self-control. B．It’s necessary to set goals at the start of every new year. C．The level of self-control and happiness changes over time. D．We need well-being more than willpower to reach our goals. Passage 4（2026·云南昆明·模拟预测） We can learn a lot from nature. Architect Vincent Callebaut looks to our environment as a guide for designing his forward-thinking structures. His conceptual creation Lilypad is a prime example. Lilypad is a floating island that draws inspiration from the gigantic Victoria amazonica, a species of water lily known for having the largest leaves of any water plant. Their leaves can grow up to nearly 10 feet in diameter. Similarly, Callebaut’s Lilypad is a massive self-sustaining structure surrounded by water. Lilypad is intended to offer a solution to the rising sea levels for humans. It would function as a mobile, amphibious (水陆两栖的) city that could accommodate up to 10, 000 inhabitants. The city would follow the ocean currents and adapt to natural forces instead of working against them, as we do now, Eco-friendly at its core, Lilypad is designed to have a central freshwater lagoon that would aid in rainwater collection and purification. Other areas of the structure would be set up as the marina and mountain “zones” where people would work, shop, and be entertained. Layers of planned housing would be surrounded by suspended gardens and crossed by a network of organically arranged streets. The Lilypad design uses principles of biomimicry (仿生学), a practice that mimics the strategies used by living organisms to solve human challenges. Callebaut has distinct ways in which he has applied biomimicry fundamentals to Lilypad. One way is through its bionic structure. “The structure takes up the radial (辐射状) and concentric geometry (同心式几何) shape of a water lily leaf, making it float and distribute loads,” he explains, “a design that reduces the amount of materials to a minimum.” “In short,” Callebaut concludes, “Lilypad transforms climate challenges into opportunities through a design inspired by nature, where each element works in symbiosis (共生) with the environment.” 13．What is the key feature of Callebaut’s Lilypad? A．It automatically purifies water. B．It functionally provides a shelter. C．It constantly influences the ocean currents. D．It exactly meets the government’s requirements. 14．What do we know about using the principles of biomimicry? A．It is a project to solve the natural crisis. B．It is a guide to restore the damaged situation. C．It is a method to adopt the professional solutions. D．It is an application to imitate the approaches from nature. 15．What can be inferred about Lilypad from the remarks of Callebaut? A．Its design is based on the eco-friendly philosophy. B．Its way of distribution proves effective and practical. C．Its operation shows how to cut down on building materials. D．Its structure highlights the importance of keeping balance. 16．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Nature Does Nothing in Vain B．A Future Sample of Housing Rises to Fame C．Sustainable Floating City is Inspired by Water Lily D．Nature Guides the Design for a Forward-thinking Structure 2 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 《2026届阅读理解综合训练（人与社会第5练）》参考答案 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了山东发明爱好者刘清杰坚持追逐飞行梦，虽遭村民质疑、家人反对，但在村干部建议下将个人梦想转为实用发明，成功研制出农药喷洒飞伞，帮助农民减轻劳作负担，最终从被质疑变为被称赞的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段他花费150多万元和10年时间做实验却被村民质疑、家人施压的内容，可知家人反对是因其投入过多金钱和精力。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段农药飞行器需超短距起飞（适用于小块农田）和稳定低空飞行的特性，经调整后飞伞满足这两项需求，可知其能在有限空间内起飞。故选C。 3．推理判断题。结合村民对发明的怀疑态度及发起的“人机对战”喷洒比赛，可推知比赛旨在证明飞伞的实际效果。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。文章围绕刘清杰从个人飞行梦不被认可，到转为服务农民的实用发明并获认可的过程，D选项“重新定义的梦想：从反对到喝彩”最能概括主旨。故选D。 翻译： 近四十年前，山东的发明爱好者刘清杰开始追逐一个“飞行梦”——设计一台能真正飞起来的机器。他造飞机的努力遭到了冷眼与质疑：他花了150多万元，用了10年时间做实验，村民却嘲笑他是“不切实际的梦想家”，家人也劝他放弃。 那时，刘清杰觉得梦想是一场孤独的战斗。直到一位村干部提出了改变命运的建议：“何不把设计改造成农药喷洒飞伞，帮农民干活呢？”这个想法点醒了他：他将个人梦想转向实用目标。 刘清杰全身心投入新项目。由于缺乏专业知识，他上网查资料，试飞过滑翔机、热气球——全都失败了。但他对挫折变得“免疫”，因为他想着既能帮乡亲们，又能实现飞行梦。 农药飞行器需要两个关键特性：超短距起飞（适合小块农田）和稳定低空飞行。经过数月调整，他造出了满足这两项要求的飞伞。 第一次试飞生死攸关。飞伞起飞后角度过陡，绳子差点断裂——好在他安全着陆。接着，低空测试成功了：他稳稳地在气球上方3米处飞行，这是以前从未做到的。调整好小问题后，正值农药喷洒季，他把飞伞开到了田里。 一位村民向他发起“人机喷洒比赛”。村民们抢先动手，但飞伞一升空，几秒就掠过田野。很快，村民们累得慢了下来，刘清杰第一个完成。 曾经怀疑的人群沸腾了。刘清杰的梦想没有消失，而是变了模样：从个人野心，变成了减轻乡亲们负担的工具。 5．A 6．D 7．A 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家对植物是否具有意识及内部生活的研究与探讨。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段含羞草接触麻醉剂后停止反应的实验，引发植物是否存在意识状态的争议，可知该实验是为讨论植物是否有意识。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段研究发现，植物能感知并对环境中更多方面做出反应，且通过地上地下交流维持社交生活，说明植物对周围环境很敏感。故选D。 7．主旨大意题。第三段Calvo提出探索植物内部生活需从观察行为入手，并提及观察方法，主要讲观察植物的方法。故选A。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段Mike Blatt认为植物行为可从生理学角度解释，MINT实验室的研究对理解植物无太大助益，可知其认为该研究徒劳无果。故选C。 翻译： 很多人见过含羞草被触碰时叶片合拢的样子，但很少有人知道：如果把它放进充满麻醉剂的密封房间，它最终会停止这种反应，仿佛被“麻醉”或“睡着”了。这引发了争议：植物是否存在被麻醉剂阻断的“意识状态”？或者，这种状态能否算作植物的“主观内在体验”？西班牙穆尔西亚大学的帕科·卡尔沃和少数植物行为研究者正认真探讨这些问题。 植物的活动方式难以被人类察觉，因此人们传统上认为它们“没什么作为”。但近年来研究发现，植物拥有许多惊人能力：它们能感知并回应环境中更多方面的变化，还通过地上地下的交流维持着“繁忙的社交生活”。 卡尔沃认为，探索植物“内心世界”的第一步是仔细观察它们的行为。他曾花数小时静坐观察自己种的菜豆生长：“要了解植物，就得放慢节奏，适应它们的时间尺度。”在穆尔西亚大学的“最小智能实验室”（MINT Lab），他和同事采用高科技手段：以攀爬豆为例，他们每分钟拍摄一次图像记录植物运动，同时用电极和生物传感器监测其内部电信号活动。 当MINT实验室兴奋地研究电信号时，其他植物行为学家却对“植物有意识”的说法持怀疑态度。 “这是个有趣的哲学问题，但对理解植物没什么用——它们的一切行为都能用生理学解释。”英国格拉斯哥大学的迈克·布拉特说。 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新研究发现幸福感能提升自控力，而非反之，并解释其原理及给出相关建议。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段，参与者需填写问卷，测量自控力和幸福感水平，报告自控策略运用情况及幸福感相关状态（如乐观度、精力等）。故选B项。 10．推理判断题。第四段提到芭芭拉・弗雷德里克森的积极情绪“拓展与构建”理论，该理论认为积极情绪能增加心理资源，帮助更好应对困难，以此解释幸福感提升自控力的原理。故选A项。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段，Jia建议人们在难以坚持目标时，不要否定自己，而应关注自身状态和幸福感，因为良好感觉是实现目标的关键部分。故选C项。 12．主旨大意题。文章开篇指出人们认为意志力决定目标实现，而新研究表明幸福感能提升自控力，长期追踪发现幸福感强的人后续自控力更强，故核心是幸福感对自控力的积极影响。故选D项。 翻译： 每年年初，很多人都会思考如何让生活变得更好：或许想减肥，或许想少玩手机。人们总觉得，只要意志力够强，就能实现目标。但一项新研究表明，这种想法可能弄反了。 研究中，两组参与者定期填写问卷，测量自控力和幸福感水平，以探究某一时间点的自控力是否会提升后续幸福感，反之亦然。参与者需报告自己如何运用“抑制”（如抵制诱惑）、“启动”（如不拖延开始任务）、“持续”（如保持行动一致性）等策略来增强自控力；幸福感则通过“我很快乐”“我认可自己的价值”“我感恩生活”等陈述，以及乐观度、精力值等指标来衡量。 追踪发现：某一时间点自控力强的人，后续幸福感并未显著提升；但某一时间点幸福感强的人，后续自控力会增强。 这背后的科学原理是什么？研究者李乐·贾引用了芭芭拉·弗雷德里克森的“拓展-构建”积极情绪理论：积极情绪能增加心理资源，让人更有创造力、更愿意接受新体验，从而更好地应对困难——包括坚持目标的“努力”。 “当你发现难以坚持目标时，别急于给自己贴上‘不自律’或‘没价值’的标签，”贾说，“不妨把这看作一个信号，去关注自己的状态。感觉良好不只是目标，更是实现目标的关键一步。” 13．B 14．D 15．A 16．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍建筑师文森特·加勒博受亚马逊王莲启发，设计出可持续漂浮城市Lilypad，以应对海平面上升问题。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段，Lilypad旨在应对海平面上升，作为可移动水陆两栖城市容纳1万居民，其关键特征是功能上提供庇护所。故选B项。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段，Lilypad采用仿生学原理，即模仿生物有机体策略解决人类难题，可知仿生学是模仿自然界方法的应用。故选D项。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段加勒博的话，Lilypad通过自然灵感设计将气候挑战转化为机遇，各元素与环境共生，可推断其设计基于环保理念。故选A项。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文，Lilypad漂浮岛灵感源自亚马逊王莲，文章主要介绍这一受睡莲启发的可持续漂浮城市，此内容最适合作为标题。故选C项。 翻译： 人类能从大自然中学到很多。建筑师文森特·加勒博以环境为灵感，设计具有前瞻性的建筑，“睡莲城”（Lilypad）就是他的概念性代表作。 “睡莲城”是一座漂浮岛屿，灵感源自亚马逊王莲——这种水生植物的叶片直径可达近10英尺，是世界上最大的水生植物叶片。加勒博的“睡莲城”同样是巨大的自给自足结构，被水环绕，旨在解决海平面上升问题：它是一座可移动的水陆两栖城市，能容纳1万居民，随洋流移动，顺应自然而非对抗自然。 其核心设计环保：中央有淡水 lagoon（ lagoon：环礁湖/咸水湖），用于收集和净化雨水；其他区域设为码头和“山区”，供人们工作、购物和娱乐；多层住宅被悬浮花园环绕，有机排列的街道网络贯穿其中。 “睡莲城”运用了仿生学原理——模仿生物解决问题的策略。加勒博的应用方式很独特，比如其“仿生结构”： “它采用王莲叶的辐射状同心几何形状，既能漂浮又能分散重量，”他解释道，“这种设计将材料用量降到最低。” “简言之，”加勒博总结，“睡莲城通过自然灵感设计，将气候挑战转化为机遇——每个元素都与环境共生。” $