阅读理解专项训练（人与自然第4练）-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

2026届阅读理解专项训练（人与自然第4练） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 评卷人 得分 一、阅读理解 （2026·江西九江·一模）When I shopped for a car seven years ago, my primary focus was on style, size and color. This time, with electric vehicle (EV) popularity exploding, I had to master a whole new set of terms: range, regenerative braking, and level-two charging (充电). The reason was simple — I was buying my first EV. Alan Taub, director of the Electric Vehicle Center at the University of Michigan, says that the drivability of EVs should be better marketed to potential buyers. He points out that EVs offer a smoother ride and better performance than traditional gas-powered cars and “happen to also be good for the environment.” This smoother ride is mainly because placing the battery at the bottom allows the car to better hug the road. And as the battery provides immediate power to the accelerator (加速器), EVs can accelerate from zero to 60 miles per hour surprisingly fast. Also, drivers need to apply the brake less frequently. Technological advances have largely overcome “range anxiety” — the fear of running out of battery power halfway. Today, over 50 EV models can top 300 miles on a single charge, some even beyond 500 miles. In addition, public charging stations have doubled in the past five years. Scientifically, EVs help reduce global warming and improve air quality. The transport industry emits about one-third of global greenhouse gases. The International Energy Agency(IEA)estimates that if the 58 million EVs on the road had been gas-powered, they would have consumed much more oil per day. Research also shows that EVs are far more energy-efficient, with about 90% of their power used to move the vehicle, compared to only 25% for traditional cars. Moreover, EVs contain fewer moving parts, so the maintenance and repair costs of gas vehicles are nearly 40% higher than those of EVs. There is much for first-time buyers like me to learn. But it continues to be tons of fun. I’m especially looking forward to the lower costs of owning and maintaining my EV in the years ahead, plus the joy of driving past all gas stations without stopping. 1．What primarily makes EVs’ ride smoother? A．The instant acceleration. B．The battery’s low position. C．The high-capacity battery. D．The effective braking system. 2．What does the term “range anxiety” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Worry about driving distances. B．Stress from operating new cars. C．Concern over charging availability. D．Fear of facing high repair costs. 3．Why does the author list the data from the IEA in paragraph 3? A．To stress EVs’ energy saving. B．To predict EVs’ market trend. C．To explain EVs’ working principle. D．To show EVs’ growing popularity. 4．What is the advantage of EVs over traditional cars according to the passage? A．More functions and greater safety. B．Longer range and faster acceleration. C．Simpler control and quicker response. D．Greener technology and lower repair costs. （25-26高三上·山东青岛·期末）Lions have two types of roar. The newly identified sound is a roar that is mixed in with the recognizable “full-throated roar” of the lions. The study is published in the journal Ecology and Evolution. Researchers from the University of Exeter used artificial intelligence to analyse the roars of animals to determine if there was more than one kind of sound. A total of 1,414 roars were analysed during a two-month study in the Nyerere National Park in Tanzania, which used microphones hidden in trees. Scientists also obtained more than 1,700 roars from collars worn by male lions in the Zimbabwean Bubye Valley Conservancy (BVC). They found the roar hidden between grunts (呼噜声) and full-throated roars, which was distinct enough to be classified as its own sound. Machine learning methods were able to accurately identify the two roars 95 per cent of the time, data show. “Lion roars are unique and the roaring bout (发作) is an important behaviour,” study author Jonathan Growcott, a PhD student at the University of Exeter, noted. “Not only does it act as a signal to other lions within their pride (狮群) as to where they may be, but, to non-friendly lions, bouts can be used to advertise territorial boundaries. Unfortunately, we are no closer to understanding what the communicative differences of the two roar types may be. But it has long been considered that lion roars may convey information relating to pride size, age or individual.” Lion populations are dwindling. There are around 25,000 animals in the wild in Africa, around half of the number at the start of the century. Mr Growcott added, “Until now, identifying these roars relied heavily on expert judgment, introducing potential human bias. Our new approach using AI promises more accurate and less subjective monitoring, which is crucial for conservationists working to protect. We believe there needs to be a shift in wildlife monitoring and a large-scale change to using passive acoustic (声学) techniques. As bioacoustics improve, they’ll be vital for the effective conservation of lions and other threatened species.” 5．What is the key discovery reported in Ecology and Evolution? A．A distinct type of roar. B．A specific function of roars. C．A territorial marking method. D．A newly discovered “full-throated roar”. 6．How did the researchers distinguish the two types of lion roars? A．By relying on experts’ field observation. B．By applying AI-based analysis to multiple recordings. C．By analysing a number of roars collected in one location. D．By using AI tools to compare roars from different lion prides. 7．What might lion roars act as according to paragraph 3? A．A means intended to aid hunting. B．A signature for identifying a specific lion. C．A tool for expanding the lion pride territory. D．A way to establish a lion’s status in the pride. 8．What does the underlined word “dwindling” mean in paragraph 4? A．On the decline. B．Hard to estimate. C．Under control. D．At a stable level. （25-26高三上·辽宁朝阳·期末）The Louis Creek Valley in British Columbia is green with Douglas firs (花旗松), but Joe Gilchrist, a fire keeper and 30-year firefighter, sees danger first. “Over 100 years since burning was banned, trees have overgrown,” he explains. “Dead trees and fallen branches add to fuel. A major fire is waiting.” Until the 1860s, the Secwepemc people were regularly setting small fires in spring and fall. These burns cleared undergrowth safely, preventing crown fires that jump between treetops. “Megafires (特大火灾) just weren’t possible, because the forest itself was biodiverse,” says Gilchrist. “It wasn’t a single-species stand of trees that are too close together, too over-aged, and with lots of fuel on the ground.” This practice was common across pre-Columbian Americas. European settlers described it in diaries as wasteful but now, experts see that they knew what they were doing. Lori Daniels, a professor of the University of British Columbia, has matched fire scars on tree rings with native oral history, finding evidence of the repeated low-scale burning. One tree in Tobacco Plains survived 52 fires, but fire-scar rings ceased in the 19th century when settlers banned traditional burning. “After World War II, fire control technology improved, but forests became weaker as fuel collected.65%-85% of today’s trees grew after native burning stopped,” says Daniels. “The thick forests we see exist because fires were controlled for decades.” Now, climate change has created a terrifying new normal. Hotter temperatures, drier conditions, and increased fuel have turned northern forests into fire traps. In 2023, Canadian fires burned over 37 million acres, releasing about 647 million metric tons of carbon dioxide. Some forests may never recover, and repeated big fires could turn them into grasslands. Worse, northern permanent frozen soil holds huge carbon; as global warming melts it, fires there can burn for months, releasing carbon trapped for thousands of years and pushing Earth toward a climate tipping point. As expert Flannigan warns, “We’re on a downward path. Until we address the root cause — our reliance on fossil fuels — warming and fires will worsen. There’s no way around it.” 9．Why does Joe Gilchrist see danger first in the Louis Creek Valley? A．Forests are being cut down. B．Too much fire fuel exists. C．Climate becomes extremely dry. D．Dead trees are not cleared timely. 10．What does Professor Lori Daniels’s research demonstrate? A．Native burning was randomly arranged. B．Native burning burnt down most of the forests. C．Native burning was once an effective practice. D．Native burning was recorded by European settlers. 11．Which is a mentioned consequence of large-scale forest fires? A．Balance of climate system. B．Control of fuel accumulation. C．Melting of permanent frozen soil. D．Reduction of forests’ carbon storage. 12．Which is the best title for the text? A．Native Wisdom: Key to Preventing Forest Fires B．Climate Change: Root of All Forest Disasters C．From Controlled Burns to Megafires: A Forest Crisis D．Fire Control Technology: A Solution to Forest Fires （25-26高三上·黑龙江·月考）In recent years, the sharp increase in global rocket launches has transformed the sky, fueled by the rapid growth of the space industry. This creates major opportunities but also raises environmental challenges. Pollutants released during rocket launches and re-entry are left in the middle atmosphere, where they can damage the ozone layer (臭氧层) which protects Earth against harmful ultraviolet radiation. Investigations into how rocket emissions (排放) affect ozone began more than three decades ago, but for many years the impact was considered minimal. As the frequency of launches continues to rise, this view is shifting. In 2019, only 97 orbital launches were recorded worldwide, but by 2024, the figure had climbed to 258, with projections pointing to continued rapid growth. Unlike ground-level pollutants, emissions from rockets and re-entering satellites can stay in the middle and upper atmosphere up to 100 times longer, since removal processes such as precipitation do not occur at those heights. While most launches take place in the Northern Hemisphere, the atmospheric flow eventually distributes the pollutants globally. Recently, researchers from ETH Zurich and the Physical Meteorological Observatory in Davos, in cooperation with Laura Revell’s international team at the University of Canterbury, used a chemistry-climate model to see how future emissions might impact the ozone layer by 2030. With 2,040 annual launches by 2030 — roughly eight times the 2024 total — the model predicts that global average ozone thickness would decrease by nearly 0.3%. Seasonal losses could reach as much as 4% over Antarctica, where the ozone hole continues to reappear each spring. While these reductions may appear small, the context is critical. The ozone layer is still recovering from the earlier loss caused by long-lived chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which were banned under the 1989 Montreal Protocol. Even today, global ozone thickness remains about 2% below pre-industrial levels, and the full recovery is not expected until around 2066. But we believe a launch industry that avoids ozone-damaging effects is entirely possible: Monitoring rocket emissions and carrying out necessary and appropriate regulations are all key to ensuring that the ozone layer continues its recovery. This requires scientists, policymakers, and industry to work together. 13．What is the current view on rocket emissions? A．Their impact will become severe. B．Their distribution is location-limited. C．They will decrease at a faster speed. D．They can be removed by precipitation. 14．Why was the recent research on rocket emissions conducted? A．To seek potential solutions. B．To look into their future effect. C．To address climate change challenges. D．To figure out the leading contributors. 15．What is the function of paragraph 6? A．To show protecting the ozone layer is possible. B．To indicate the dark future of the space industry. C．To argue that the model predictions are worrying. D．To set standards for global average ozone thickness. 16．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Global Rocket Launches Are Rocketing B．Can the Ozone Layer Still Protect Earth? C．Rockets Could Eat Away at the Ozone Layer D．Can Ozone-damaging Effects Be Avoided? 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 《2026届阅读理解专项训练（人与自然第4练）》参考答案 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 B A A D A B B A B C 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 答案 D C A B C C 1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 【知识点】环境保护、说明文、新能源汽车 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述作者购买第一辆电动汽车的经历，介绍了电动汽车在驾驶性能、续航里程、环保以及维修成本等方面相较于传统燃油汽车的优势。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“This smoother ride is mainly because placing the battery at the bottom allows the car to better hug the road.(驾驶更平稳主要是因为将电池放置在底部能让汽车更好地贴合路面)”可知，电池的低位放置使电动汽车驾驶更平稳。故选B项。 2．词义猜测题。根据第二段“Technological advances have largely overcome “range anxiety” — the fear of running out of battery power halfway.(技术进步在很大程度上克服了“range anxiety”—— 担心在半路耗尽电池电量）”可知，“range anxiety”指的是对驾驶距离的担忧，故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“The International Energy Agency(IEA)estimates that if the 58 million EVs on the road had been gas - powered, they would have consumed much more oil per day.(国际能源署估计，如果路上的5800万辆电动汽车是燃油驱动的，那么它们每天将消耗更多的石油)”可知，作者列出国际能源署的数据是为了强调电动汽车节能的特点，故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段“Scientifically, EVs help reduce global warming and improve air quality.(从科学角度来看，电动汽车有助于减缓全球变暖并改善空气质量)”以及“Moreover, EVs contain fewer moving parts, so the maintenance and repair costs of gas vehicles are nearly 40% higher than those of EVs.(此外，电动汽车的活动部件较少，因此燃油汽车的维护和修理成本比电动汽车高出近40%)”可知，电动汽车相较于传统汽车，具有更环保的技术和更低的维修成本。故选D项。 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．A 【知识点】动物、说明文、人工智能 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究发现狮子有两种吼声，研究者借人工智能分析多地狮吼录音识别出新型独特吼声，该人工智能方法助力狮子保护，应对其种群数量下降问题。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Lions have two types of roar. The newly identified sound is a roar that is mixed in with the recognizable “full-throated roar” of the lions. ( 狮子有两种咆哮。新发现的声音是一种吼声，与可识别的狮子“全喉吼声”混合在一起。)”以及第二段中“They found the roar hidden between grunts (呼噜声) and full-throated roars, which was distinct enough to be classified as its own sound. (他们发现这种吼声隐藏在咕噜声和全喉咙吼声之间，这种吼声足够清晰，可以被归类为它自己的声音。)”可知，发表在《Ecology and Evolution》上的研究关键发现是狮子除了已知的“全力吼叫”外，还有一种独特的新吼叫类型。故选A项。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Researchers from the University of Exeter used artificial intelligence to analyse the roars of animals to determine if there was more than one kind of sound. A total of 1,414 roars were analysed during a two-month study in the Nyerere National Park in Tanzania, which used microphones hidden in trees. Scientists also obtained more than 1,700 roars from collars worn by male lions in the Zimbabwean Bubye Valley Conservancy (BVC). (埃克塞特大学的研究人员使用人工智能来分析动物的吼声，以确定是否有不止一种声音。在坦桑尼亚尼雷尔国家公园进行的为期两个月的研究中，研究人员利用隐藏在树上的麦克风，共分析了1414种咆哮。科学家们还从津巴布韦布拜山谷保护协会（BVC）的雄狮项圈上获得了1700多条咆哮。)”可推知，研究人员通过对多个录音应用基于人工智能的分析来区分这两种类型的狮子吼叫。故选B项。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But it has long been considered that lion roars may convey information relating to pride size, age or individual. (但长期以来，人们一直认为狮子的吼声可能传达了与狮群大小、年龄或个体有关的信息。)”可知，狮子的吼声可能传达关于狮群规模、年龄或个体身份的信息，由此可知，狮子的吼声是识别特定狮子的标志。故选B项。 8．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“There are around 25,000 animals in the wild in Africa, around half of the number at the start of the century. (非洲大约有25000只野生动物，大约是本世纪初数量的一半。)”由此可知，现在的数量是本世纪初的一半，说明数量在减少，故可猜测“Dwindling”意为“逐渐减少的”，和A选项On the decline“在下降”意思一致。故选A项。 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．C 【知识点】自然灾害与防范、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了加拿大森林火灾危机的原因和演变，对比了原住民传统可控燃烧的有效性与现代禁火政策导致的后果，并分析了气候变化下特大火灾的恶性循环及其对全球气候的深远影响。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Louis Creek Valley in British Columbia is green with Douglas firs, but Joe Gilchrist, a fire keeper and 30-year firefighter, sees danger first. Over 100 years since burning was banned, trees have overgrown,” he explains. “Dead trees and fallen branches add to fuel. A major fire is waiting.(不列颠哥伦比亚省的路易斯溪谷郁郁葱葱，遍布花旗松，但作为火情管理员和拥有30年经验的消防员，Joe Gilchrist首先看到的却是危险。“自禁止燃烧以来已经100多年了，树木已经过度生长，”他解释道。“枯树和倒下的树枝增加了燃料。一场大火即将来临。”)”可知，Joe Gilchrist认为枯树和倒下的树枝增加了燃料，所以路易斯溪谷存在危险。故选B项。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Until the 1860s, the Secwepemc people were regularly setting small fires in spring and fall. These burns cleared undergrowth safely, preventing crown fires that jump between treetops.(直到19世纪60年代，Secwepemc人还经常在春天和秋天放小火。这些燃烧安全地清除了灌木丛，防止了树冠在树梢之间跳跃的火灾)”和第三段中“Lori Daniels, a professor of the University of British Columbia, has matched fire scars on tree rings with native oral history, finding evidence of the repeated low-scale burning. One tree in Tobacco Plains survived 52 fires, but fire-scar rings ceased in the 19th century when settlers banned traditional burning.(不列颠哥伦比亚大学教授Lori Daniels将树环上的火灾疤痕与当地口述历史进行了比对，发现了反复低强度燃烧的证据。烟草平原上的一棵树经历了52次火灾，但火灾疤痕环在19世纪定居者禁止传统燃烧后就停止了)”可知，Lori Daniels教授的研究证实了原住民的焚烧是一种曾经有效且规律进行的森林管理实践。故选C项。 11．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In 2023, Canadian fires burned over 37 million acres, releasing about 647 million metric tons of carbon dioxide.(2023年，加拿大大火烧毁了超过3700万英亩的土地，释放了大约6.47亿吨二氧化碳)”和“Worse, northern permanent frozen soil holds huge carbon; as global warming melts it, fires there can burn for months, releasing carbon trapped for thousands of years and pushing Earth toward a climate tipping point.(更糟糕的是，北方永久冻土层储存着大量的碳；随着全球变暖使其融化，那里的火灾可以持续数月，释放被困数千年的碳，并将地球推向气候临界点)”可知，森林是重要的碳储存库，大规模森林火灾会破坏森林，从而减少森林的碳储存能力。故选D项。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Over 100 years since burning was banned, trees have overgrown,” he explains. “Dead trees and fallen branches add to fuel. A major fire is waiting.(“自禁止燃烧以来已经100多年了，树木已经过度生长，”他解释道。“枯树和倒下的树枝增加了燃料。一场大火即将来临。”)”、第二段中“Until the 1860s, the Secwepemc people were regularly setting small fires in spring and fall. These burns cleared undergrowth safely, preventing crown fires that jump between treetops.(直到19世纪60年代，Secwepemc人还经常在春秋两季放火。这些燃烧安全地清除了林下植被，防止了树冠火灾在树梢之间跳跃)”以及最后一段中“As expert Flannigan warns, “We’re on a downward path. Until we address the root cause — our reliance on fossil fuels — warming and fires will worsen. There’s no way around it.”(正如专家Flannigan警告的那样，“我们正在走下坡路。除非我们解决根本原因——我们对化石燃料的依赖——否则变暖和火灾将会加剧。这是无法避免的。”)”可知，文章主要讲述了森林火灾从受控燃烧到特大火灾的演变过程，分析了背后的原因及带来的严重后果。故C项“From Controlled Burns to Megafires: A Forest Crisis(从受控燃烧到特大火灾：森林危机)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 13．A 14．B 15．C 16．C 【知识点】环境污染、说明文、航空航天 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了全球火箭发射数量激增对臭氧层造成的渐进性破坏。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Investigations into how rocket emissions (排放) affect ozone began more than three decades ago, but for many years the impact was considered minimal. As the frequency of launches continues to rise, this view is shifting.(关于火箭排放物对臭氧影响的研究始于三十多年前，但多年来人们一直认为这种影响微乎其微。然而，随着发射活动的频率不断增加，这种观点正在发生转变。)”可知，人们现在认为火箭排放物对臭氧的影响会随着火箭发射频率的增加而变得严重。故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据第四段“Recently, researchers from ETH Zurich and the Physical Meteorological Observatory in Davos, in cooperation with Laura Revell’s international team at the University of Canterbury, used a chemistry-climate model to see how future emissions might impact the ozone layer by 2030.(最近，来自苏黎世联邦理工学院和达沃斯物理气象观测站的研究人员，与坎特伯雷大学劳拉·雷维尔的国际团队合作，利用化学气候模型来研究未来排放量到2030年时会对臭氧层产生何种影响。)”可知，近期对火箭排放的研究是为了研究它们未来对臭氧层的影响。故选B。 15．推理判断题。根据第五段“the model predicts that global average ozone thickness would decrease by nearly 0.3%. Seasonal losses could reach as much as 4% over Antarctica, where the ozone hole continues to reappear each spring.(该模型预测，全球平均臭氧层厚度将减少约 0.3%。在南极洲，季节性臭氧损耗可能高达4%，在那里，臭氧空洞每年春季都会再度出现。)”和第六段“While these reductions may appear small, the context is critical.(虽然这些降幅看起来不大，但其背后的背景情况却非常重要。)”可知，第六段指出了模型预测的背景非常重要；结合第六段“The ozone layer is still recovering from the earlier loss caused by long-lived chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which were banned under the 1989 Montreal Protocol. Even today, global ozone thickness remains about 2% below pre-industrial levels, and the full recovery is not expected until around 2066.(臭氧层仍在从早期由持久性氯氟烃（CFC）造成的损耗中恢复当中，这些物质是在1989年的《蒙特利尔议定书》中被禁止使用的。即便到了今天，全球臭氧层的厚度仍比工业化前水平低约2%，而其完全恢复预计要到 2066 年左右。)”可知，其背景是臭氧层本身仍在恢复中，非常脆弱，并且预计要到2066年才能完全恢复，说明该模型预测是令人担忧的。故选C。 16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Pollutants released during rocket launches and re-entry are left in the middle atmosphere, where they can damage the ozone layer (臭氧层) which protects Earth against harmful ultraviolet radiation.(火箭发射和返回过程中释放的污染物会留在中间大气层中，在那里它们会损害保护地球免受有害的紫外线辐射的臭氧层。)”和第五段“the model predicts that global average ozone thickness would decrease by nearly 0.3%. Seasonal losses could reach as much as 4% over Antarctica, where the ozone hole continues to reappear each spring.(该模型预测，全球平均臭氧层厚度将减少约0.3%。在南极洲，季节性臭氧损耗可能高达4%，在那里，臭氧空洞每年春季都会再度出现。)”及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了火箭发射激增对臭氧层的渐进性破坏。因此C项“火箭可能会侵蚀臭氧层”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $