阅读理解专项训练（人与自然第3练） -2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

2026届阅读理解专项训练（人与自然第3练） 姓名：___________班级：___________学号：___________得分：___________ 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 选择 题号 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 选择 Passage 1（25-26高三上·云南曲靖·期末） As the night deepened, Joel Caldwell’s 4-year-old daughter stayed with her dad, holding a stick she pretended was a fishing pole over the Hasley Stream. “I want my children to grow up with a relationship to the natural world,” said Caldwell. “But we live in a neighborhood, so how do you do that?” The answer Caldwell came to was improving the stream — preserving its tidal flow, expanding its reach and rewilding its edges. This wetland is a transition zone where the land meets the bigger river. Their work here is small in scale and local. Americans historically viewed wetlands like these as impediments to progress, better drained (抽干), filled and built on than saved. As a result, there’s far less of them and their decline has accelerated in recent years, according to a 2024 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service report. Caldwell founded The MARSH Project with two friends. Their first project was a community trash pickup on a hot day. They expected maybe a dozen people but ended up with 50. Caldwell said people were clearly hungry to connect with their local environment. Over the years, they’ve pulled tires, radios, televisions, “generations of garbage” and even removed a car engine from the wetland. They also bought an acre of land from a local landowner. The purchase ensures it will stay wetlands, not become new houses. Now the land is a wild mass of native plants. They help increase the bugs for the kids’ insect night. The founders see events like this as one way of ensuring the next generation appreciates the importance of the ecosystem. The founders are now starting to look outside of their neighborhood to create a corridor of native plants and trees to connect wildlife across the city’s few remaining streams. It builds on four years of hosting public lectures, trash pickups, planting pollinator gardens, bringing in students for water quality testing and many other community events. “It’s getting as many people as possible to change whatever their little piece of earth is,” Caldwell said. “There is no gesture too small.” 1．What inspired Joel Caldwell to initiate The MARSH Project? A．The desire to connect his daughter with nature. B．The proposal from the neighbourhood. C．The idea of setting an example to his daughter. D．The willingness to make friends with neighbours. 2．What does the underlined word “impediments” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Signals. B．Steps. C．Contributors. D．Barriers. 3．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The achievements of the project. B．The challenges of the project. C．The attitude towards the project. D．The future plan of the project. 4．What does Caldwell emphasize about environmental action? A．Large-scale government interventions can create change. B．Small and local actions by individuals are meaningful C．Environmental education needs to be added to school. D．The government needs to make stricter laws. Passage 2（25-26高三上·山西太原·期末） You’ve stuck to your bedtime, skipped afternoon coffee, and made your bedroom cool, dark and quiet as experts advise—but you’re still tossing and turning. Then your eye catches the silver light spilling through your curtains. It’s a bright full moon. You lie awake and can’t help wondering if that shining moon is the hidden cause of your sleepless night. Two Swiss studies offered fascinating clues. In 2013, participants experienced a 30% drop in deep-sleep brain activity around the full moon, took 5 extra minutes to fall asleep, and lost 20 minutes of total sleep. They also reported a poorer sleep quality and lower levels of melatonin (褪黑素). A second Swiss study echoed these findings: participants slept 25 minutes less under full moons. Both of the early studies shared one major limitation—they were conducted in sleep laboratories, where the unfamiliar setting can throw off natural sleep patterns. To address this limitation, scientists from Washington University conducted a real-life study. They tracked three Argentinian communities—a suburban area, a rural village with limited electricity, and a remote area with no electricity at all—via wristwatches for two months. Across all groups, regardless of artificial light access, sleep was disturbed in the nights before a full moon, but the effect was most striking in low-electricity areas, where moonlight ruled nights. The researchers suggest this may be an ancient adaptation: our ancestors probably stayed up later to hunt, socialize, or work by moonlight. While the moon’s natural glow can disturb modern sleep cycles, the impact pales in comparison to the artificial light sources. Dr. Dimitriu, a sleep medicine specialist, says, “If a full moon has that power, imagine the impact of a bright screen right in front of your face!” 5．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To show how to avoid sleeplessness. B．To describe a common sleep scene. C．To imply a possible cause of sleeplessness. D．To emphasize the importance of sleep. 6．How is the American study different from Swiss studies? A．It avoids the effect of lab environment. B．It measures different sleep duration. C．It observes sleep in a foreign country. D．It involves exposure to artificial light. 7．Why may a full moon affect human sleep patterns according to paragraph 3? A．It makes nights much brighter. B．It lowers melatonin levels. C．It relates to evolutionary adaptation. D．It changes natural light cycles. 8．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Digital products affect sleep more seriously. B．Screen lights damage human’s eyesight. C．The moon’s glow pales in artificial light. D．A full moon’s power is hard to imagine. Passage 3（2026·贵州六盘水·二模） Our planet is sending a clear upsetting signal. Recent data confirms that 2025 ranks among the three hottest years ever recorded. In fact, the past three years have been the warmest period in recorded history, showing an increasingly dangerous trend. The large-scale burning of fossil fuels (化石燃料) for energy, industry, and transport releases massive greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide (CO2), into the atmosphere. These gases act like a thick blanket around the earth, trapping heat. Furthermore, widespread deforestation (砍伐), especially in vital ecosystems like the Amazon rainforest, reduces the planet’s natural ability to absorb this extra carbon dioxide, worsening the problem. These seemingly reasonable actions taken for convenience or short-term gain are, in fact, pushing the earth step by step toward ecological fever. The impacts are no longer distant threats. They are happening now and being felt worldwide. We see record-breaking heatwaves in the UK and across China — where 16 provinces had their hottest year since 1961. We witness disastrous floods in Pakistan and more frequent wildfires in drying forests. Polar and high-altitude regions like the Arctic and the Tibetan Plateau are warming even faster, threatening sea-level rise and water resources. Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are dying, and injured ecosystems face collapse. Faced with such great climate challenges, countries like China are actively monitoring changes and hastening green development. Public support for climate action remains strong in many nations, driving the adoption of electric vehicles and clean technology. Green policies also offer economic benefits, such as creating new jobs and lowering future energy costs. However, broader, faster, and more united global cooperation is urgently needed to turn commitments into real-world results. It should be stressed that securing a livable future is not just a task for world leaders, but a shared responsibility of every global citizen. By making informed and responsible choices, everyone can become part of the solution. 9．Why does deforestation worsen the environmental problem? A．Because it reduces the absorption of CO2. B．Because it reduces heat in the atmosphere. C．Because it increases the uses of fossil fuels. D．Because it increases greenhouse gases directly. 10．How is paragraph 3 developed? A．By listing statistics. B．By giving examples. C．By analyzing reasons. D．By making comparisons. 11．What does the underlined word “hastening” mean? A．Accepting. B．Restricting. C．Delaying. D．Promoting. 12．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce a new environmental problem. B．To state the terrible impacts caused by heat. C．To call for more attention to global warming. D．To present facts about a recent climate trend. Passage 4（2026·重庆九龙坡·一模） Today, Mars is a cold and dry desert. But billions of years ago there is evidence that it had a thick atmosphere and water, making it a promising place to look for past life. The mudstones, found in a dusty riverbed by NASA’s Perseverance Rover, are dotted with interesting markings named leopard spots and poppy seeds. Scientists believe these features contain minerals produced by chemical reactions that could be associated with ancient Martian microbes (微生物). The Perseverance Rover, which touched down on the Martian surface in 2021, was sent to search for signs of biology. It has spent the last four years exploring a region called the Jezero Crater, which was once an ancient lake with a river flowing into it. The rover found the leopard print rocks last year.They are about 3.5bn years old and are a type of rock called mudstone, which is fine- grained rock formed from clays. The rover used several instruments in its onboard lab to analyze the minerals in the rocks. This data was then sent back to Earth for scientists to study. In similar conditions on Earth, chemical reactions creating minerals are typically driven by microbes. It’s possible the minerals were produced by natural geological (地质的) processes, but at a press conference NASA said the features could be the clearest signs of life ever found. The only way to fully confirm if the minerals were made by microbes would be to bring the rocks back to Earth for analysis. A Mars sample return mission has been proposed by NASA but its future looks highly uncertain. The US Space Agency’s science budget is facing huge cuts that have been put forward in President Trump’s 2026 budget and a sample return mission is one of those facing cancellation. NASA’s plans for such an effort hang in the balance because of the threatened budget cuts, but China is also pursuing a sample return mission that could launch in 2028. While the decision is debated, scientists are desperate to get their gloved hands on the rocks. 13．How does the author introduce the topic in the first paragraph? A．By drawing a contrast. B．By using an example. C．By asking a question. D．By citing an opinion. 14．What is the role of the Perseverance Rover according to the passage? A．It sent back the rock samples. B．It performed the entire analysis. C．It confirms the biological origin. D．It serves as a mobile laboratory. 15．Why is it difficult for scientist to get a Mars sample? A．Because of the uncertain future. B．Because of the funding quarrel. C．Because of the reduced budget. D．Because of the incomplete decision. 16．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Budget cuts don’t affect NASA． B．NASA’s plan has been canceled. C．China’s mission has not started. D．Scientists long for rock samples. 2 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 《2026届阅读理解专项训练（人与自然第3练）》参考答案 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 环境保护、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述Joel Caldwell为让孩子接触自然，发起The MARSH Project，带领社区保护湿地、开展环保活动，强调微小环保行动的意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的““I want my children to grow up with a relationship to the natural world,” said Caldwell. ‘But we live in a neighborhood, so how do you do that?’(“我希望我的孩子们在与自然世界的联系中成长，”考德威尔说。“但我们住在社区里，该怎么做呢？”)”以及第二段中的“The answer Caldwell came to was improving the stream—preserving its tidal flow, expanding its reach and rewilding its edges.(考德威尔找到的答案是改善这条小溪——保护它的潮汐流，扩大它的范围，让它的边缘重新野化)”和第四段中的“Caldwell founded The MARSH Project with two friends.(考德威尔和两个朋友共同创立了沼泽项目)”可知，Joel Caldwell发起The MARSH Project的灵感，是希望让自己的女儿（孩子）与自然建立联系。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Americans historically viewed wetlands like these as impediments to progress, better drained (抽干), filled and built on than saved.(历史上，美国人将这样的湿地视为impediments发展，认为与其保护它们，不如抽干、填平并在上面建造建筑更好)”可知，美国人认为湿地不如抽干填平用于建设，说明湿地阻碍了发展，由此猜测impediments意为“阻碍、障碍”，与barriers意思相近。故选D项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Their first project was a community trash pickup on a hot day. They expected maybe a dozen people but ended up with 50.(他们的第一个项目是在一个大热天组织社区垃圾清理活动。他们原本预计大概有十几个人参加，结果来了50人)”、“Over the years, they’ve pulled tires, radios, televisions, ‘generations of garbage’ and even removed a car engine from the wetland.(这些年来，他们从湿地里拖出了轮胎、收音机、电视机、“几代人的垃圾”，甚至还有一台汽车发动机)”、“They also bought an acre of land from a local landowner. The purchase ensures it will stay wetlands, not become new houses.(他们还从当地一位土地所有者那里购买了一英亩土地。这次购买确保了这片土地将保持湿地状态，而不会变成新房子)”以及“The founders see events like this as one way of ensuring the next generation appreciates the importance of the ecosystem.(创始人将这样的活动视为确保下一代认识到生态系统重要性的一种方式)”可知，第四段主要讲述了The MARSH Project开展的各项活动以及取得的成果。故选A项。 4．逻辑推理题。根据第二段中的“Their work here is small in scale and local.(他们在这里的工作规模小、范围集中在当地)”以及最后一段中的““It’s getting as many people as possible to change whatever their little piece of earth is,” Caldwell said. “There is no gesture too small.”(考德威尔说：“就是要让尽可能多的人去改变他们身边的那一小块土地。没有什么行动是太微小的。”)”可知，Caldwell强调个人开展的微小、本地的环保行动是有意义的。故选B项。 第一篇翻译 夜色渐浓，乔尔・考德威尔四岁的女儿陪在他身边，握着一根小木棍，假装那是钓鱼竿，在哈斯利溪边比划着。“我希望我的孩子们在与自然的联结中长大，” 考德威尔说，“可我们住在居民区里，该怎么实现这一点呢？” 考德威尔想到的办法，是改造这条小溪 —— 保护它的潮汐流，拓宽水域范围，让溪岸恢复自然风貌。这片湿地是陆地与大河相接的过渡地带，他们在这里开展的工作，规模不大，且仅限当地。 在历史上，美国人将这类湿地视作发展的阻碍，认为与其保护，不如抽干积水、填平土地，在上面盖房建楼。美国鱼类和野生动物管理局 2024 年的一份报告显示，如今这样的湿地已大幅减少，且近年来消失的速度还在不断加快。 考德威尔和两位好友一同创立了 “沼泽保护计划”。他们的第一个项目，是在一个酷暑天组织社区垃圾清理活动。原本他们预计只有十几人参加，结果来了五十人。考德威尔说，显然人们都渴望与身边的自然环境建立联结。这些年来，他们从湿地里拖走了轮胎、收音机、电视机等 “代代堆积的垃圾”，甚至还清理出一台汽车发动机。他们还从当地一位土地所有者手中买下了一英亩土地，这次购置能确保这片土地永远保持湿地原貌，不会被开发成住宅区。如今，这片土地上长满了本土野生植物，为孩子们的 “昆虫之夜” 活动吸引来了更多小昆虫。项目的创始人认为，这类活动能让下一代认识到生态系统的重要性。 如今，项目创始人的目光开始投向所在社区之外，计划打造一条本土植物和树木组成的生态廊道，让城市中仅存的几条溪流周边的野生动物实现互联互通。这一计划的落地，建立在过去四年的实践基础上：他们举办公益讲座、组织垃圾清理、打造传粉者花园、邀请学生开展水质检测，还举办了许多其他社区环保活动。“要让尽可能多的人，去改变自己身边的那一小块天地，” 考德威尔说，“再微小的行动，都有其意义。” 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．A 个人保健、说明文、自然科学 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文由失眠遇满月的场景引出满月对睡眠的影响，瑞士实验室研究发现满月干扰睡眠但有局限，美国团队实地研究证实该影响，且或为人类古老的进化适应，还指出人工光源对睡眠的影响远大于满月。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“You’ve stuck to your bedtime, skipped afternoon coffee, and made your bedroom cool, dark and quiet as experts advise—but you’re still tossing and turning. Then your eye catches the silver light spilling through your curtains. It’s a bright full moon. You lie awake and can’t help wondering if that shining moon is the hidden cause of your sleepless night.( 你一直坚持按时就寝，放弃了下午的咖啡，还按照专家的建议把卧室布置得清凉、昏暗且安静——但你还是辗转反侧难以入眠。这时你的目光落在了透过窗帘洒进房间的银色光芒上。那是一轮明亮的满月。你躺在床上睡不着，忍不住想知道那闪亮的月亮是否是你失眠的隐藏原因。)”可知，该段先描述“按专家建议做了所有助眠准备却依然失眠，恰逢满月”的场景，最终落脚到“怀疑满月是失眠的隐藏原因”，核心目的是暗示满月可能是失眠的诱因。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Both of the early studies shared one major limitation—they were conducted in sleep laboratories, where the unfamiliar setting can throw off natural sleep patterns.( 这两项早期研究都存在一个主要的局限性——它们都是在睡眠实验室中进行的，而陌生的环境可能会扰乱自然的睡眠模式。)”以及第三段中“To address this limitation, scientists from Washington University conducted a real-life study.( 为了解决这一局限性，华盛顿大学的科学家进行了一项真实生活中的研究。)”可知，瑞士研究的核心缺陷是在睡眠实验室开展，陌生环境干扰自然睡眠模式，而美国华盛顿大学的研究为解决该缺陷，采用了现实场景研究的方式，即避开了实验室环境的影响，这是两者的核心区别。故选A项。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The researchers suggest this may be an ancient adaptation: our ancestors probably stayed up later to hunt, socialize, or work by moonlight.( 研究人员认为，这可能是一种古老的适应：我们的祖先可能会熬夜在月光下狩猎、社交或工作。)”可知，研究人员认为满月影响人类睡眠模式的原因是这是一种古老的进化适应。故选C项。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While the moon’s natural glow can disturb modern sleep cycles, the impact pales in comparison to the artificial light sources. Dr. Dimitriu, a sleep medicine specialist, says, “If a full moon has that power, imagine the impact of a bright screen right in front of your face!”(虽然月球自身的光芒可能会扰乱现代人的睡眠周期，但与人造光源相比，这种影响就显得微不足道了。睡眠医学专家迪米特里乌博士表示：“如果满月都有那样的影响力，那么想象一下一个正对着你脸的明亮屏幕所带来的影响吧！”)”可知，本段核心是 “与人工光源相比，满月的自然光对睡眠的干扰并不算什么”，并通过专家的话进一步暗示屏幕光这类人工光源对睡眠的影响比满月更严重，而屏幕光主要来自数码产品，由此可推知数码产品对睡眠的影响更甚。故选A项。 第二篇翻译 你谨遵就寝时间，戒掉了午后的咖啡，还按照专家的建议，把卧室布置得凉爽、昏暗又安静——可依旧躺在床上辗转反侧。这时，你的目光瞥见了从窗帘缝隙透进来的银光，那是一轮皎洁的满月。你睁着眼睛无法入睡，不禁怀疑，这轮明月是不是让你失眠的幕后原因。 瑞士的两项研究为这一疑问提供了有趣的线索。2013年的研究发现，满月前后，实验参与者的深度睡眠脑活动下降30%，入睡时间平均增加5分钟，总睡眠时间减少20分钟，他们还反馈睡眠质量变差，体内的褪黑素水平也有所降低。瑞士的第二项研究也得出了相似的结论：满月期间，参与者的睡眠时间减少了25分钟。不过这两项早期研究都存在一个重大局限——实验均在睡眠实验室中进行，陌生的环境可能会打乱人体自然的睡眠规律。 为了弥补这一缺陷，美国华盛顿大学的科学家开展了一项实地研究。他们通过智能手环，对阿根廷的三个社区开展了为期两个月的睡眠监测，这三个社区分别是一个郊区、一个电力供应有限的乡村，以及一个完全没有电力的偏远地区。研究发现，无论是否能接触到人造光源，所有实验参与者在满月前的夜晚，睡眠都会受到干扰；而在以月光为主的低电力地区，这种干扰效果尤为明显。研究人员认为，这可能是人类的一种古老进化适应：我们的祖先或许会借着月光熬夜狩猎、社交或劳作。 尽管月光会扰乱现代人的睡眠周期，但相较于人造光源，其影响就显得微不足道了。睡眠医学专家迪米特里乌博士说：“倘若一轮满月的影响就有这么大，试想一下，正对着你脸的明亮电子屏幕，会带来怎样的影响！” 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．C 说明文、气候变化及影响 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了全球变暖创历史新高及其成因与危害，呼吁全球合作与公民共同应对气候危机。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Furthermore, widespread deforestation, especially in vital ecosystems like the Amazon rainforest, reduces the planet’s natural ability to absorb this extra carbon dioxide, worsening the problem. (此外，广泛的森林砍伐，特别是在像亚马逊雨林这样的重要生态系统中，降低了地球吸收这些额外二氧化碳的自然能力，使问题恶化)”可知，森林砍伐减少了二氧化碳的吸收。故选A项。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段“We see record-breaking heatwaves in the UK and across China — where 16 provinces had their hottest year since 1961. We witness disastrous floods in Pakistan and more frequent wildfires in drying forests. (我们在英国和中国各地看到了破纪录的热浪，中国16个省份经历了自1961年以来最热的一年。我们目睹了巴基斯坦灾难性的洪水和干燥森林中更频繁的野火)”可知，第三段是通过列举极端天气的具体例子来展开的。故选B项。 11．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Faced with such great climate challenges, countries like China are actively monitoring changes and hastening green development. (面对如此巨大的气候挑战，像中国这样的国家正在积极监测变化并hastening绿色发展)”可知，应对气候挑战需主动推动绿色发展，既然是积极应对挑战，hastening应表示积极意义的“加速、推动”，与promoting意义相近。故选D项。 12．推理判断题。文章首先指出2025年是有记录以来最热的年份之一，分析了化石燃料和森林砍伐导致的全球变暖及其影响，最后呼吁全球合作与个人责任。且结合最后一段“However, broader, faster, and more united global cooperation is urgently needed to turn commitments into real-world results. It should be stressed that securing a livable future is not just a task for world leaders, but a shared responsibility of every global citizen. (然而，迫切需要更广泛、更快、更团结的全球合作，将承诺转化为现实成果。应该强调的是，确保宜居的未来不仅是世界各国领导人的任务，也是每个全球公民的共同责任)”可知，作者的主要目的是呼吁关注全球变暖并采取行动。故选C项。 第三篇 我们的地球正发出清晰的警示信号。最新数据证实，2025年跻身有记录以来最热的三个年份之列。事实上，过去三年是人类有记录以来最温暖的时期，这一趋势正变得愈发危险。 人类为获取能源、发展工业和交通运输，大规模燃烧化石燃料，向大气中排放了大量二氧化碳等温室气体。这些气体如同一层厚厚的毯子包裹着地球，不断锁住热量。此外，大面积的森林砍伐——尤其是亚马逊雨林这类关键生态系统的砍伐，削弱了地球吸收多余二氧化碳的天然能力，让气候问题雪上加霜。这些为了便利或短期利益所采取的看似合理的行为，实则正一步步将地球推向生态危机的边缘。 气候变暖的影响早已不是遥远的威胁，而是正在全球各地真实发生，且被人们切实感知。英国和中国各地遭遇了破纪录的热浪，中国有16个省份迎来了1961年以来的最热年份；巴基斯坦爆发了灾难性的洪水，干旱的森林中野火发生的频率也不断升高；北极、青藏高原等极地和高海拔地区的升温速度更快，这对海平面和水资源安全构成了威胁；珊瑚礁不断消亡，受损的生态系统濒临崩溃。 面对严峻的气候挑战，中国等国家正积极监测气候变化，加快推进绿色发展。在许多国家，公众对气候行动的支持度居高不下，这也推动了电动汽车和清洁技术的普及。绿色发展相关政策还能带来经济红利，比如创造新的就业岗位，降低未来的能源成本。 然而，要将各国的气候承诺转化为实际行动，迫切需要更广泛、更迅速、更团结的全球合作。需要强调的是，守护宜居的未来，不仅是各国领导人的责任，更是每一位地球公民的共同使命。每个人都能通过做出理性、负责任的选择，成为解决气候问题的一份子。 13．A 14．D 15．C 16．D 科普知识 、说明文、宇宙探险 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火星探索的新发现，特别是NASA的“毅力号”火星车在火星上发现的可能与古代微生物有关的矿物特征，以及获取火星样本面临的挑战。 13．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Today, Mars is a cold and dry desert. But billions of years ago there is evidence that it had a thick atmosphere and water, making it a promising place to look for past life. (如今，火星是一个寒冷干燥的沙漠。但数十亿年前，有证据表明它有浓厚的大气层和水，使其成为寻找过去生命的有希望的地方。)”可知，作者通过将火星的现状(寒冷干燥的沙漠)与其遥远的过去(有大气和水)进行对比来引出话题。故选A项。 14．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The rover used several instruments in its onboard lab to analyze the minerals in the rocks. This data was then sent back to Earth for scientists to study. (火星车利用其车载实验室中的几种仪器分析了岩石中的矿物质。然后，这些数据被发送回地球供科学家研究。)”可知，“毅力号”火星车利用其车载实验室中的多种仪器对岩石中的矿物质进行了分析，并发送数据回地球供科学家研究，因此它起到了移动实验室的作用。故选D项。 15．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The US Space Agency’s science budget is facing huge cuts that have been put forward in President Trump’s 2026 budget and a sample return mission is one of those facing cancellation. (美国航天局的科学预算正面临大幅削减，这是特朗普总统2026年预算中提出的，样本返回任务就是面临取消的任务之一)”可知，由于美国航天局的预算面临大幅削减，火星样本返回任务面临取消，因此科学家很难获取火星样本。故选C项。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While the decision is debated, scientists are desperate to get their gloved hands on the rocks. (当这个决定还在被争论时，科学家们非常渴望能用戴着手套的双手拿到那些岩石。)”可推知，尽管关于火星样本返回任务的决定仍在争论中，但科学家们非常热切地期盼着得到这些岩石样本。故选D项。 第四篇 如今的火星，是一片寒冷干燥的荒漠。但有证据表明，数十亿年前的火星拥有浓厚的大气层和液态水，这让它成为寻找远古生命痕迹的理想之地。美国国家航空航天局的 “毅力号” 火星车，在火星一片布满沙尘的河床中发现了泥岩，这些岩石上分布着有趣的斑纹，科学家将其命名为 “豹纹” 和 “罂粟籽纹”。科学家认为，这些斑纹中含有通过化学反应形成的矿物质，而这些化学反应可能与火星远古微生物有关。 “毅力号”火星车于2021年登陆火星表面，其核心任务是寻找火星上的生命迹象。过去四年里，它一直在杰泽罗陨石坑区域开展探索，这里曾是一座远古湖泊，还有一条河流汇入其中。火星车于去年发现了这些带有豹纹状纹理的岩石，它们形成于约35亿年前，属于泥岩的一种，是由黏土形成的细颗粒岩石。“毅力号”利用其车载实验室的多种仪器，对岩石中的矿物质进行了分析，并将相关数据传回地球，供科学家研究。 在地球上的相似环境中，这类形成矿物质的化学反应通常由微生物驱动。当然，这些矿物质也可能是由自然的地质作用形成的，但美国国家航空航天局在一场新闻发布会上表示，这些岩石特征，或许是人类迄今在火星上发现的最明确的生命迹象。 要彻底证实这些矿物质是否由微生物形成，唯一的办法是将岩石样本带回地球进行分析。美国国家航空航天局已提出火星样本返回任务，但该任务的前景却极不明朗。特朗普总统提出的2026年财政预算中，计划大幅削减美国国家航空航天局的科学研究预算，而火星样本返回任务正是面临取消的项目之一。 受预算削减的影响，美国国家航空航天局的火星样本返回任务悬而未决，而中国也在推进火星样本返回任务，计划于2028年发射相关探测器。就在各方仍在为相关决策争论不休时，科学家们早已迫不及待地想要亲手研究这些火星岩石样本。 $