2026年广东广州市中考英语语法复习 01 专题一　名词课件

2026广州中考英语语法复习 专题一 名词 试题精练 考点精讲 知识导图 中考解读 知识导图 返回目录 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 中考解读 返回目录 考点 题型 考频 考查内容 名词词义 (辨析) 完形 填空 5年12考 2025(3分): role, chance, acting 2024(3分): excuse, visit, friend 2023(2分): chance, trouble 2022(3分): problem, happiness, paper 2021(1分): laughs 语篇 填词 5年8考 2025(2分): wall(s)/window(s), example/evidence 2024(1分): love 2023(1分): culture/customs 2022(2分): centre, chance 2021(2分): dreams, end 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 考点精讲 返回目录 名词是指人或事物的名称,按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。名词在句子中可以充当多种成分,其主要功能 如下: 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 考点 可数名词及其单复数 1. 可数名词单数变复数的规则变化 分类情况 变化规则 举例 一般情况 在词尾加 -s dream dreams, apple _ 以字母s,x,ch,sh等结尾的名词 在词尾加 -es bus buses, box boxes, watch _, brush _ 以元音字母加y结尾的名词 在词尾加- s toy toys, monkey _, key _ apples watches brushes monkeys keys 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 分类情况 变化规则 举例 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词 先变y为i, 再加 -es baby babies, city _ 以字母f/fe结尾的名词 在词尾加 -s roof roofs, belief _, chief _ 先变f/fe为v, 再加 -es wife wives, knife _, wolf _, thief _, leaf _, shelf _, half _, life _ 两者皆可 scarf scarfs/scarves cities beliefs chiefs knives wolves thieves leaves shelves halves lives 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 分类情况 变化规则 举例 以字母o结尾的名词 有生命的名词在词尾加- es hero heroes, potato potatoes, tomato tomatoes 巧学妙记 Heroes like potatoes and tomatoes. 无生命的名词在词尾加- s photo photos, radio _ radios 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 注意 (1)chopsticks, glasses(眼镜), scissors, trousers, shoes, jeans等名词一般以复数形式出现,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。但这类词若被a pair of修饰,谓语动词则用单数形式。 (2)名词作定语时单复数的变化: ①一般情况下,直接用单数形式。如:orange juice橙汁,fairy tale童话故事 ②个别情况下,用复数形式。如:sports meeting运动会,clothes shop服装店 ③当man或woman作定语时,若被修饰词变为复数形式,man或 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 woman也应变为复数形式。如:woman teacher women teachers女教师们,man nurse men nurses男护士们 ④“基数词+连字符+名词(+形容词)”构成的复合形容词作定语时,中间的名词必须用单数形式。如:a 100 metre race一场百米赛跑,a five year plan 一个五年计划 (3)family, public, class, crowd, team, couple等集体名词的形式为单数,但其意义可以为单数或复数。当其作主语时,如果强调整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调整体中的个体成员,谓语动词用复数形式。如:Jack's family is big and now his family are here with him in the countryside. 杰克有个大家庭,他的家人现在和他一起住在乡下。 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 2. 可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化 分类情况 举例 a e man men, woman _ 特例:human humans oo ee foot feet, tooth _, goose _ 单复数同形 sheep sheep, deer _ 复数形式表特殊意义 spirits情绪, manners礼貌, arms武器 特殊变化 mouse mice, child children 某国人 单复数同形 Chinese, Japanese, Swiss(瑞士人) a e Englishmen, Frenchwomen 加 -s Americans, Australians, Canadians, Germans, Greeks 巧学妙记 中日不变英法变,其余 -s加后面 women teeth geese deer 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 3. 可数名词数量的表达 类别 用法 举例 具体 的量 one/a/an+可数名词单数 one world 一个世界, an idea 一个想法 基数词(one除外)+可数名词复数 two books 两本书, one thousand people 一千人 基数词(one除外)+单位词+of+可数名词复数 three boxes of apples 三盒苹果, ten kilos of vegetables 十千克蔬菜 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 类别 用法 举例 不具体 的量 hundreds, thousands, millions等+of+可数名词复数 hundreds of/thousands of/millions of flowers数以百计/千计/百万计的花 few, many, a few等限定词或短语用于可数名词复数前表示概数 a few/several cars 几辆车, some books一些书, many/a (large) number of/a lot of/lots of/plenty of students 许多学生 注意 对可数名词的数量进行提问时,用how many。 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 1. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 (1)How many kilos of _(banana) could an elephant eat a day? (2)Look! A few _(child) are having snowball fights over there. (3)The weather gets cooler, and the green _(leaf) start to turn yellow, then brown. (4)I really enjoy different kinds of rice noodles and _ (flower cake) in Yunnan. bananas children leaves flower cakes 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 (5)If you go to see lions, tigers or _(fox) during the daytime, they'll probably be asleep! (6)Qian Xuesen, father of China's space programme, is one of the greatest _(scientist) in the world. (7)When visiting someone's home, it's important to have good _(manner) to show respect and politeness. (8)“As long as we are here, we will protect this wall. It's our job and our _(pride),” said one of the protectors. foxes scientists manners pride 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 (9)In cities like Chengdu and Beijing, thousands of _(people) have started to join in the biking craze. (10)Recently, a middle school in Chongqing has used four _(camera) on the playground to follow students and record how fast they run. people cameras 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 考点 不可数名词 不可数名词一般没有复数形式,且不能被基数词或不定冠词a/an直接修饰。 1. 不可数名词数量的表达 类别 用法 举例 具体 的量 基数词/不定冠词+单位词+of+不可数名词 a glass/box of milk一杯/盒牛奶, a bottle of water一瓶水, two pieces of paper两张纸, three cups of tea三杯茶 不具体的量 little, much, a little等限定词或短语用于不可数名词前表示概数 a little/a bit of money一点儿钱, some food一些食物, much/a lot of/lots of/plenty of time许多时间 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 2. 不可数名词的转化 (1)某些物质名词在表示类别或具体的数量时可转化为可数名词。如: coffee a coffee 一杯咖啡 tea a tea一杯茶 beer a beer 一杯啤酒 rain a rain一场雨 (2)抽象名词一般是不可数名词,但在表示某个具体的人或事物时,可用作可数名词,可与a/an连用,也可用复数形式。如: surprise a surprise 令人惊奇的事物 success a success 成功的人或事 failure a failure 失败的人或事 difficulty difficulties 一些困难的事 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 (3)有些名词既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词,但意义不同。常见的有: 名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 room 房间 空间 chicken 鸡 鸡肉 orange 橙子 橙汁 paper 报纸;试卷;论文 纸张 exercise 练习;习题 锻炼;运动 work 著作;作品 工作 experience 经历 经验 weight 哑铃;砝码;重物 重量 time 次数;倍数 时间;时刻 wood 树林;林地 木头;木材 rain 一场雨 雨水 light 电灯 光线 change 变化 零钱 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 注意 (1)对不可数名词的数量进行提问时,用how much。 (2)有些名词虽然是复数形式,却表示不可数概念。如:news,politics,Maths,the United Nations(联合国) ( )2. Mr Smith just told us _ about AI. A. two news B. two pieces of news C. two piece news D. two piece of news B 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 ( )3. What _ fine weather! It must be _ pleasure to go boating on East Lake today. A. /; a B. a; / C. /; / D. a; a ( )4. She finished her _ early and then went to the museum to enjoy the artist's _. A. work; work B. work; works C. works; work D. works; works A B 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 ( )5. I found _ useful information online about the topic, but I noticed _ mistakes, too. A. many; a few B. many; a little C. much; a little D. much; a few D 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 考点 名词所有格 名词所有格表示所属关系。 1. -'s所有格 (1) -'s所有格的构成 类别 构成 举例 单数名词 一般情况下在名词词尾加- 's Tony's brother托尼的哥哥 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 类别 构成 举例 复数名词 以s或es结尾的复数名词,在词尾加- ' the teachers' desks 老师们的办公桌 my friends' hometowns 我朋友们的家乡 不以s结尾的复数名词,在词尾加- 's the children's kites 孩子们的风筝 复合名词 一般在最后一个词的词尾加- 's或 -' the woman teacher's son 那位女老师的儿子 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 (2) -'s所有格的用法 用法 举例 表示人或动物等有生命的名词的所属关系,在词尾加- 's或- ' the fish's tail鱼的尾巴 the man's hat男人的帽子 表示时间、距离、国家等无生命的名词的所属关系,在词尾加 -'s 或- ' two days' holiday两天的假期 China's industry中国的工业 表示诊所、店铺、医院、某人的家时,在词尾加- 's或- ',且常常省略后面的名词 at the doctor's (office)在医生办公室 at my uncle's (home)在我叔叔家 表示某物为两人或多人共有时,在最后一个名词词尾加- 's Tom and Jim's garden 汤姆和吉姆的花园 表示某物为几个人分别所有时,每个名词的词尾均需加 -'s Tom's and Jim's gardens 汤姆的花园和吉姆的花园 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 2. of所有格:一般表示无生命的事物的所属关系,结构通常为“名词+of+名词”,有时也可表示人或其他有生命的事物的所属关系。如:the top of the hill 山顶, a story of love一个关于爱的故事, the news of success 捷报 3. 双重所有格:主要表示整体中的一部分。 (1)of+名词的 -'s所有格。如:a teacher of my brother's 我弟弟的一位老师(多位老师中的一位) (2)of+名词性物主代词。如:a good friend of mine 我的一个好朋友(多个朋友中的一个) 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 注意 (1)在双重所有格中,位于of前的名词通常为不确指的名词(不带定冠词),人名的- 's所有格是在人名后直接加 -'s。如:Lisa is a friend of Betty's. 丽莎是贝蒂的一个朋友。 (2)对于同一事物,of所有格和双重所有格所表达的含义不同。如:a photo of sb. 表示照片中的人是某人;a photo of sb.'s表示照片是属于某人的,但照片上的人不一定是某人。 4. 介词to 表示所属关系,具有一一对应性。如:the answer to the question 这个问题的答案,the entrance to the building 这栋大楼的入口 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 6. 短语翻译 (1)生命的意义_ (2)成功的关键_ (3)在我爷爷奶奶家_ ( )7. Sometimes, he takes one _ bus ride to museums and zoos in another town. A. hour B. hours C. hour's D. hours' the meaning of life the key to success at my grandparents' (home/house) C 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 ( )8. At primary school, she was her music _ favourite student. A. teacher B. teachers C. teacher's D. teachers' ( )9. A dog's sense of smell is almost 50 times better than a _! A. human B. humans C. human's D. humans' C C 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 ( )10. With the help of his classmates, Tony finally found the solution _ the problem. A. of B. to C. with D. on ( )11. This online shop sells _ shoes, which are all of high quality. A. boy's and girl's B. boys' and girls' C. boy's and girl D. boy and girl's B B 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 考点 名词词义辨析 名词词义辨析是广州中考的必考点。近几年广州中考常见的名词如下: A/B/C/D ability 能力 acting 表演(2025.25) address 地址 anger 愤怒 book 书 break 休息 building 建筑物 chance 机会(2025.22) challenge 挑战 character 角色 cheer 喝彩声 class 班;课 classmate 同班同学 competition 竞争 courage 勇气 difference 差异 dream 梦;梦想 decision 决定 director 导演 E/F/G exam 考试 example 例子(2025.50) excuse 理由 fact 事实 family 家;家人 fear 惧怕 floor 地板 friend 朋友 fruit 水果;果实 gift 礼物;天赋 guide 指南 guest客人 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 H/I/J/K habit 习惯 happiness 快乐;幸福 hope 希望 house 房子 honour 荣誉 idea 主意 influence 影响 interest 兴趣 job 工作 journey 旅行 knowledge 知识 L/M/N language 语言 laugh 笑声 lesson 课;教训 letter 信;字母 look 外表;样子 mess 杂乱 message 信息 material 材料 mistake 错误 name 名字 neighbour 邻居 noise 噪声 notice 通知;公告 O/P/Q order 命令;订单 paper 纸;报纸 picture 图片 plan 计划 problem 问题 promise 承诺 quality 质量 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 R/S/T reason 理由 return 返回 river 河流 role 角色(2025.16) result 结果 safety 安全 shout 呼喊 skill 技巧 song 歌曲 success 成功 summer 夏天 symbol 象征 taste 味道 teacher 教师 test 试验 thanks 感谢 tool 工具 treasure 珍宝 trouble 麻烦 truth 真相 V/W visit 拜访 voice 声音 wall 墙 warning 警告 way 方法 window 窗 wish 愿望 work 工作 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 Last winter, our class organized a “Warmth Project”. During the two month project, we collected lots of _12_ from neighbours and sent them to mountain villages. ( )12. A. books B. clothes C. toys D. schoolbags B 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 During the project, many people in the community _13_ us. A local supermarket provided hundreds of new scarfs and hats, and several elderly ladies donated some hand -knitted(手工编织的) sweaters. However, transportation became a _14_. Luckily, we solved this by cooperating with an express company that agreed to ship our packages at a _15_ price. “Many hands make light work,” our teacher reminded us. ( )13. A. joined B. refused C. thanked D. reported ( )14. A. stage B. chance C. surprise D. challenge ( )15. A. huge B. low C. total D. different A D B 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 The happiest moment was seeing the children's smiles when they received the packages. This experience taught me that _16_ costs little but means much. Small actions can make a big difference! ( )16. A. friendship B. patience C. kindness D. communication C 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 1. 名词在完形填空中的应用 名词词义辨析是广州中考完形填空的必考点,主要通过语境推断来考查,有时也会通过词汇复现来考查。 (1)语境推断 (2025广州16、22题节选)“Oh, no! Our Charlie is barking(吠) again!” Mr Lee, the director, shouted. Charlie was a supporting _ in our school's musical play. The story was about a little girl and the dog she saved. … 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 Just then, a friend brought us his dog Lucky. He was so friendly and quiet, but had only three legs. “He's not the perfect Charlie. People might notice he's missing a leg,” I said. “Theatre is art, and if everyone in it is perfect, it will be the most boring place in the world,” Mr Lee said, smiling. “Let's give him a(n) _.” ( )A. tool B. role C. director D. toy ( )A. chance B. idea C. break D. hand B A 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 (2024广州17、24、25题节选)“Aren't you going to the old people's home?” Mr Li asked. “My class is going. But I could have a(n) _ if you need my help.” … “Thanks for your coming, Janet! I'll keep this card to remember you.” “I'm sorry you can't see it. I wished I had brought you a better gift,” I said. “The best gift,” the old lady said, “was your _, Janet.” 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 With tears, I felt light and warm. I couldn't wait to come back to see my new _ again. ( )A. idea B. lesson C. excuse D. gift ( )A. return B. plan C. class D. visit ( )A. friend B. teacher C. classmate D. neighbour (2)词汇复现 (2025广州25题节选)I dreamed of acting on stage, but I had a big birthmark on my face, so I chose to work behind the stage. … C D A 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 After the show, Mr Lee gave me some papers about a(n) _ club, and asked if I'd like to try on stage. “Why not?” I replied. “After all, theatre is for everyone.” ( )A. music B. pet C. acting D. writing (2022广州19题节选)“We're going to paint _,” said Mr White, with a smile. “Yes! Great!” said Sam excitedly. … From that day on, Sam was never nervous about art class. He knew that he could paint happiness, no matter what he painted. ( )A. buildings B. houses C. happiness D. summer C C 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 2. 名词在语篇填词中的应用 名词是广州中考语篇填词的必考点,主要通过语境推断和固定搭配来考查。 (1)语境推断 (2025广州49、50题节选)A hospital in Guangzhou had a special idea to help children feel better. They turned the children's ward(病区) into an art gallery(画廊). … The children also drew pictures and put them up on the w_. all(s)/window(s) 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 The hospital hopes to show care for the children and their families through this project. This is a great e_of how art and love together can build a better world. (2)固定搭配 (2024广州47题节选)Sam is a foreign student, who came to China last year. He fell in l_ with shadow puppet play during a visit to a museum. xample/evidence ove 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 试题精练 返回目录 一、根据首字母及句意写出完整单词 1. What a s_ to miss the concert! 2. My friend gave me some a_ on how to cook fish. 3. Astronauts are great h_ that teenagers look up to. 4. Doing exercise every day is good for the m_ and the body. 5. According to the latest tourism industry report, the Silk Road is becoming a top choice for international v_. hame dvice eroes ind isitors 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 二、完形填空 Have you ever wondered what else you can do on the train besides sleeping or playing with your phone? Actually, in China, trains have turned into _1_ which bring together the public and the nation's intangible cultural heritage(ICH, 非物质文化遗产). ( )1. A. stations B. centres C. hotels D. theatres D 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 Trains go across China and they are becoming ideal places for introducing local traditional culture. A good _2_ is the K7041 train from Harbin to Mohe in Northeast China's Heilongjiang Province. On the ICH train, Gulayier Ente, dressed in traditional clothes, sang Orogen folk songs and his partner played the jaw harp(口弦琴), a musical _3_. ( )2. A. example B. culture C. language D. history ( )3. A. tool B. instrument C. art D. game A B 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 Tourists on the train, especially those from southern China, sang and danced excitedly with the two _4_ together. Gulayier said the train made it easier to hold tourists' attention to his shows. He thought the train was a good _5_ for promoting(推广) ICH. ( )4. A. guides B. passengers C. performers D. drivers ( )5. A. method B. floor C. treat D. place C D 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 三、语篇填词 In ancient China, there was a tradition called shuxiu(束脩). People gave teachers dried salted meat to show respect. This practice started over 2,000 years ago and remained 1. p_ during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Over time, shuxiu took on different forms, and its meaning changed as well. In the past, people didn't eat meat very often because it was 2. e_. It was so valuable that people used it as the money that students 3. p_ for their education at school. They even called a teacher's salary(薪水) shuxiu. opular xpensive aid 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 In modern times, people seldom use shuxiu to thank teachers. Instead, they often send 4. g_ like flowers and cards to teachers. However, the tradition of shuxiu reminds us of the 5. i_ of respecting teachers. It also shows how education was valued in Chinese history and culture. ifts mportance 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 一、完形填空 Last month, our school organized an exciting English drama show. It was a great chance for us to show our English skills and creativity. I formed a _1_ with my classmates, including Bella, Tim and others. At first, we faced a problem. Both Bella and Tim really wanted to be the main _2_. Tim spoke English very well, so many thought he should be the main one. ( )1. A. class B. group C. band D. club ( )2. A. role B. director C. singer D. writer B A 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 But Bella also wanted it. She was very active and had _3_ experience in performances. They _4_ and couldn't reach an agreement. Then I said, “Let's _5_ roles based on our abilities.” They agreed and _6_. After discussing, we found that Tim was good at long speeches, so he played the smart king. Bella was _7_, so she was the cute elf(精灵). I was responsible for thinking of the actions because I was good at body language. ( )3. A. rich B. normal C. poor D. strange ( )4. A. failed B. appeared C. argued D. stopped ( )5. A. create B. choose C. accept D. avoid ( )6. A. lay down B. fell down C. turned down D. calmed down ( )7. A. lively B. brave C. strict D. honest A C B D A 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 During the preparation, we helped each other. Tim taught us how to speak English better, and Bella shared her acting tips. Each of us _8_ hard. On the day of the show, we worked very well together. Our drama was a big success. People cheered for us _9_ and we won first place! This experience made us realize that in school life, _10_ and competition can appear at the same time. They can even push each other, helping us achieve better results and build stronger friendships. ( )8. A. exercised B. reviewed C. researched D. practised ( )9. A. clearly B. loudly C. slowly D. politely ( )10. A. education B. happiness C. teamwork D. courage D B C 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 二、语篇填词 Chinese writer Wang Zengqi once wrote, “When I arrive in a new place… I prefer to visit the local farmers' market to see live 1. c_ and ducks, fresh vegetables and bright fruits. It's lively and 2. b_ me a sense of the joy of life.” Nowadays, more people feel the same as Wang. They love to visit farmers' markets wherever they travel. These traditional markets, which used to be just local shopping places, are catching the eyes of tourists during holidays, especially the 3. y_. hickens rings oung/youth 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 They think travelling to a city without 4. e_ its farmers' markets is a waste of a trip. There they can enjoy mouthwatering food, local culture and the real nature of the city. The popularity of farmers' markets among visitors shows an important 5. c_ — from a focus on scenes that cover every place to deeper experiences of local life. And many old farmers' markets are upgraded or set to reopen. xploring hange 领跑中考 英语(广州) 返回目录 专题一 名词 $