专题1 名词-【中考宝典】2026年英语总复习（深圳专用版）

新课标中考宝典·英语（深圳专用版） 第二部分 基础语法 考点精析 专题一名词 思维导图 专有名词 可数名词 名词分类 物质名词 不可数名词 普通名词 抽象名词 不可数名词 名词 -'s所有格 规则变化 名词所有格 “of+名词”所有格 不规则变化 可数名词 of+-'s所有格 名词单复数特殊情况 课堂精讲 一、可数名词 可数名词分为个体名词（如：book,apple)和集体名词（如：family,class)。可数名词有单复数之分， 单数可数名词不能单独使用，其前需要加不定冠词a/an、定冠词the、指示代词this/hat、形容词性物主 代词或名词所有格等。 1.可数名词单复数的规则变化 变化规则 重点例词 (1）一般情况在词尾加-s pen一pens,doctor-—doctors,book-books bus-buses,dish-dishes,coach-coaches,box-boxes (2)在以s,sh,ch,x结尾的名词后面加-es 特殊：stomach-一stomachs (3)以f或fe结 将f或fe变为v,再加-es knife-knives,leafleaves,wolf-wolves 尾的名词 直接加-s roof一roofs,gulf-gulfs,giraffe-一giraffes (4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，要将y变为i,再加 factory-factories,country-countries,family-families, es story-stories (5)以元音字母加y结尾的名词，只加-s boy-boys,day-days,toy-toys (6)有生命的且以辅音字母加0结尾的名词，加-s tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes,hero-heroes radio-radios,zoo-zoos,bamboo-bamboos, (7)以元音字母加0结尾的名词，加-s video-videos 2.可数名词单复数的不规则变化 (1)单复数形式相同，如：sheep,fish,deer等以及汉语中的计量单位，如：in,yuan,li。 112 第二部分基础语法 考点精析口 (2)改变名词中的元音字母，如：man一men,woman-一women,foot一feet,goose-一geese,tooth teeth,nouse-mice。 (3)词尾发生变化，如：child-一children,ox一oxen。 (4)复合名词不规则变化： ①主体名词变复数，如：girl friends,boy students,pencil boxes; ②由man/woman+名词构成的复合名词变复数时，两部分都变复数，如：women teachers,men singerso (5)表示国籍，“某国人”： ①单复数同形，如：Chinese,Japanese,Swiss。 ②直接t加-s,如：Germans,Americans,Australians,Canadians,Indians。 ③以man,woman结尾的改为men,woman,如：Englishman-一Englishmen,Frenchman-一Frenchmen。 特别提醒：名词单数与复数的一些特殊情况 (1)有些以s结尾的名词并不是名词的复数。常见的有maths(数学)，physics(物理)，politics (政治)，means(方法)等；但glasses,trousers,pants,shorts,clothes只有复数形式。 (2)部分集体名词既可以作单数，也可以作复数。集体名词看作整体时视为单数；看作整体中的 成员时视为复数。如：class,family,team,group,couple。 All my family enjoy reading.我全家都喜欢阅读。 Almost every family in the country owns a television.这个国家几乎每家都有一台电视机。 (3)people作“人们”讲时是复数形式；作“民族”讲时是单数形式，其复数形式要在词尾加-s。 如：The Chinese are a hard-working people.中国人是一个勤劳的民族。 二、不可数名词 1.不可数名词分为物质名词（如：water,time,air)和抽象名词（如：happiness,honesty)。 2.不可数名词不能直接和表示数字的词或a/an连用，没有复数形式，但可以借助量词来表示数量， 即“量词+名词”，如：a piece of information/news/advice,a glass of water,two bowls of rice,a drop of water. 3.常见的不可数名词：music,fun,news,information,advice,weather,homework,air,money, traffic,practice,progress,furniture等。 注意：有些名词既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，但表达的意义不同。如： 名词 用作可数 用作不可数 名词 用作可数 用作不可数 paper 试卷；报纸 纸 light 灯 光 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 room 房间 空间 chicken/fish 鸡/鱼 鸡肉/鱼肉 orange 橘子 橘子汁 exercise 练习 锻炼 word 词 消息 success 成功的人事 成功 failure 失败的人/事 失败 113 口新课标中考宝典·英语（深圳专用版） 三、名词所有格：表示名词之间的所属关系。 1.-s所有格：用于表示人、动物等有生命的主体对某物的拥有。 构成方法 例词 (1)单数名词后加's my dad's dog,Tom's car (2)以s结尾的复数名词后加？ the teachers'office,her parents'bedroom (3)不以s结尾的复数名词后加's Children's Day,people's life (4)表示两人共同拥有，最后一个名词后加's Mary and Peter'sdesk(两人共用的桌子) (5)表示两人各自拥有，在每个名词后加's Mary's and Lucy's rooms(两人各自的房间) my aunt's(house),go to the barber's(shop),at the doctor's (6)表示家、店铺等场所的所有格后名词可省略 office) 2.of所有格：主要用于表示无生命的名词，其结构为“of+名词”，如：the roof of the house房子的 屋顶；或是名词或名词的定语（较长），如：the opinion of the students who attended the lecture参加讲座的 学生们的观点。 3.双重所有格：构成形式为“名词+of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格”，如：a teacher of mine/,his/ hers/yours/ours/theirs;some friends of my father'so 特别提醒： (I)表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词，也可以用's所有格。如：today's newspaper今天的报纸， the world's biggest problem世界上最大的问题，ten minutes'walk十分钟的步行路程，eight days'holiday =an eight-day holiday八天的假期。 (2)有些名词是用介词to来表示所有格，如：the key to the door,the way to school,the answer to the question,the solution to the problem,the key to success. 备考精练 一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1.My father enjoys collecting watch)from different brands. 2.We must be careful when we use (knife). 3.Many (country)have set up various (organize)to protect endangered animals. 4.She enjoys watching funny cat video)online. 5.The little boy was playing with his （toy)on the floor.. 6. giraffe)have long (neck)to reach (leaf)high in the trees. 7.She bought three (box)of biscuits,a bag of (potato)and some tomato)from the market. 8.I saw two (deer)drinking water by the lake,and their (tooth)looked sharp. 9.There are a few （mouse)and (wolf)living in the old house. 114 第二部分基础语法 考点精析口 10.I saw some (Englishman)and several (Germany)in the square. 11.The farmer counted the number of (sheep)and goose). 12.In the school hall,there are 20 （woman teacher)and30 (girl student)preparing for the art show. 13.The guide told us these (hero)saved many people in the disaster and that their (story)were recorded in the local museum. 14.0n (teacher)Day,students give (flower)to their teachers. 15: (Tom)new book is on the box over there,and the (children)toys are in the box. 16.We celebrate (father)Day to show love to our dads. 17.The table is more than eight (foot)long. 18.Mary is a friend of my (mother). 19.The (China)Tom visited last week were very kind and friendly. 20.They are proud of being Shenzhen (city). 二、阅读理解。(2025·广东) Everyone knows that forests help fight climate change.However,a recent scientific report shows that the world lost 300,000 square kilometers of forests in 2024.That's an area about the size of Italy. According to the report,for the first time ever,fires were the biggest cause of forest loss.A.This country has the largest area of rainforest in the world.Last year,it suffered from a long period of dry weather. Wildfires broke out and spread.As a result,about 25,000 square kilometers of the primary rainforest disappeared in the country.This meant fires caused 66%of its forest loss. The second biggest cause of the world's forest loss was clearing land for farming.As people need more farmland,they keep cutting down forests every year.In 2024,the area of forest cleared for farming increased by 14%worldwide.The situation was more severe in developing countries.For example,Bolivia's forest loss doubled in 2024. Without doubt,something must be done.Experts call on governments,businesses and people to work together before it is too late.It seems that China has set a good example.Thanks to cooperation at many levels, China had the biggest increase in forest area among all countries in 2024.That year alone,newly-planted trees in China covered an area of nearly 45,000 square kilometers,according to a news report.If more countries start to take action like China,the earth will become a greener planet. ()1.The size of Italy is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to show A why we need forests B.where a disaster spread C.what climate change is D.how terrible forest loss was （)2.Which of the following can be put in“▲”in Paragraph2? A.Farming is a reason. B.Take Brazil for example C.Wildfires were stopped. D.Read the report carefully. 115 Q口新课标中考宝典·英语（深圳专用版） )3.What does the underlined word "severe"in Paragraph 3 mean? A.Serious. B.Boring. C.Balanced. D.Positive. ()4.What was the reason for the growth of China's forest area in 2024? A.Enough land. B.Nice weather. C.Good teamwork. D.Green technology. ()5.What is the best title for the passage? A.Rainforest Became Larger B.Farmland Area Grew Rapidly C.Forest Fires Caused Pollution D.Forest Loss Worried the World 三、语法填空。(2025·广东改编) Mike is a landscape architect()from Europe.He came to Guangzhou 16 years ago and has never left since then. Mike says he likes Guangzhou very much 1. the city is full of life.He lives in a traditional neighborhood.Every day,he can see his neighbors 2. (play)chess in the park,dancing along the river or chatting in the market.Mike enjoys seeing these moments.He thinks the 3. (beautiful)of a city lies in both its people and its environment."When people 4. (connect)to a place,it brings life to it,"Mike says. Recently,Mike 5. (form)a habit of cycling around to explore the city at weekends.He says he loves to see old neighborhoods take on a new look.For 6.(he),city development is not about building something new,but about making use of what's already there in a 7. (create) way.His favorite example is a car repair shop near his home.As people get together there at night and give some 8. (perform)of Guangdong opera,the shop turns into a community theater."It wasn't designed to be one;it just became one,"Mike tells 9.reporter."This influenced me 10. deep).I came to realize that,as architects,we should design with people to keep a city alive.” 116新课标中考宝典·英语（深圳专用版） 课堂精讲 知识点一 DHe is a hard-working and honest boy. ②honesty ③dishonest 知识点二 ①A②B 知识点三 DSmoking can increase the risk of cancer. ②should be aware of 知识点四 ①onin 语法回顾 1.plays 2.visited 3.will hold 4.is singing 5.was doing 6.have finished 二、 1.are sure that 2.is glad that 3.are worried that 第二部分 基础语法考点精析 专题一名词 1.watches 2.knives 3.countries organizations 4.videos 5.toys 6.Giraffes necks leaves 7.boxes potatoes tomatoes 8.deer teeth 9.mice wolves 10.Englishmen Germans 11.sheep geese 12.women teachers girl students 13.heroes stories 14.Teachers'flowers 15.Tom's children's 16.Father's 17.feet 18.mother's 19.Chinese 20.citizens 二、 1.D2.B3.A4.C5.D 三、 1.because 2.playing 3.beauty 4.are connected 5.has formed 6.him 7.creative 8.performances 9.a 10.deeply 专题二冠词 一、 1.the 2.an a 3.the the 4.an /5.a thethe 6.The the 7.the a 8.the the 9./an 10.anan the 11.an a 12./the 13.a 14.an a 15.an a 16.the 17.The the 18.a 19.The the 20.a the 二、 1.A2.D3.F4.E5.B 三、 1.known 2.widely 3.twelfth 4.on 5.the 6.joyful 7.that 8.events 9.their 10.to experience 专题三代词 一、 1.my me 2.mine myself 3.our 4.Their ours 5.yourselves 6.mine yours 7.themselves 8.theirs 9.itself its 10.those 11.herself her their 12.myself 13.ourselves 14.us 15.it 二、 1.C2.B3.C4.C5.D 三、 1.herself 2.patiently 3.brought 4.interested 5.how 6.following 7.visitors 8.but 9.moments 10.the 专题四数词 一、 1.first 2.second 3.third 4.fifth 5.eighth 6.ninth 7.twelfth 8.thirtieth 9.twenty-first 10.fourths 11.Thousands 12.twice 13.twenty-fifth 14.thirties 15.forties 二、 1.E2.B3.F4.D5.A 三、 1.Technologies 2.be found 3.His 4.by 5.enjoyable 6.providing 7.has used 8.how 9.clearly 10.an 专题五形容词和副词 一、 1.more healthier 2.tired farther 3.surprising 4.broken useless 5.the most famous 6.impolite loudly 7.illegal 8.gently asleep 9.carefully 10.Luckily lost 11.earlier 12.terribly 13.fewer less 14.well better best 15.elder slowly 二、 1.C2.C3.B4.D5.A 14