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教学课件
新仁爱版七年级上册
Unit 5 语法专项——冠词与情态动词 can/can't
全解精讲+分层练习
1
学习目标
掌握冠词(a/an/the/零冠词)的用法及核心区别
理解情态动词can/can’t的含义、用法和句式结构
能熟练运用两类语法完成不同题型练习
区分易混知识点,纠正常见语法错误
冠词 - 定义与分类
冠词是置于名词前,说明名词所指人或事物的词
分为三类:不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)、零冠词(不用冠词)
作用:明确名词的泛指、特指或类别,让表达更准确
示例:a book(一本书,泛指)、the book(那本书,特指)、books(书,零冠词表泛指)
不定冠词 a/an - 核心用法(一)
a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前(强调发音,非拼写)
例:a pen(一支钢笔)、a university(一所大学,/juː/是辅音音素)
an 用于元音音素开头的单词前
例:an apple(一个苹果)、an hour(一小时,/aʊ/是元音音素)
核心功能:表泛指“一个”,用于可数名词单数前
不定冠词 a/an - 核心用法(二)
用于首次提到的人或事物,后续用the指代
例:I have a cat. The cat is black.(我有一只猫,这只猫是黑色的)
用于表示“某一个”,不特指具体对象
例:A boy is waiting for you at the gate.(有个男孩在门口等你)
固定搭配:have a good time(玩得开心)、take a walk(散步)
定冠词 the - 核心用法(一)
表特指,指双方都知道或上文提到过的人/物
例:Open the door, please.(请开门,双方都知道的门)
用于世界上独一无二的事物前
例:the sun(太阳)、the moon(月亮)、the earth(地球)
用于序数词和形容词最高级前
例:the first day(第一天)、the tallest student(最高的学生)
定冠词 the - 核心用法(二)
用于乐器名称前
例:play the piano(弹钢琴)、play the guitar(弹吉他)
用于复数姓氏前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”
例:the Greens(格林一家)、the Wangs(王家夫妇)
用于江河、海洋、山脉等专有名词前
例:the Yellow River(黄河)、the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山脉)
零冠词 - 核心用法
复数名词和不可数名词表泛指时,不用冠词
例:Books are our best friends. 、Water is important.(水很重要)
学科、球类、棋类名称前,不用冠词
例:study English(学英语)、play basketball(打篮球)、play chess(下棋)
三餐、四季、月份、星期前,不用冠词
例:have breakfast(吃早餐)、in summer(在夏天)、on Monday(在周一)
冠词 - 核心考点与易错点
a/an的区分依据是“发音”而非“拼写”(例:an hour 不是 a hour)
球类前不加the,乐器前必须加the(误:play football→正,play the football→误)
三餐前一般不加the,但有形容词修饰时加a/an(例:have a big breakfast)
零冠词和the的固定搭配需重点记忆,避免混淆
冠词 - 小练习1 - 用a/an/the/不填填空
1.This is ______ book. ______ book is very interesting.
2.She plays ______ piano every evening.
3.We have ______ breakfast at 7:00 in the morning.
4.______ earth goes around ______ sun.
5.He is ______ honest boy. We all like him.
6.They play ______ basketball after school.
7.______ girl in red is my sister.
a
The
the
/
The
the
an
/
The
冠词 - 小练习2 - 单项选择
1.—What’s this? —It’s ______ orange.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
2.She plays ______ violin very well.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
3.We have ______ PE class on ______ Wednesday.
A. a; 不填 B. an; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填; the
4.______ tallest boy in our class is Tom.
A. A B. An C. The D. 不填
5.I want to buy ______ new pen.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
B
C
A
C
A
冠词 - 小练习3 - 根据汉语提示完成句子
1.这是一把尺子,那是一块橡皮。
This is ______ ruler, and that is ______ eraser.
2.我们在周一上语文课。
We have ______ Chinese class on ______ Monday.
3.太阳从东方升起。
______ sun rises in ______ east.
4.他每天弹钢琴,我每天打篮球。
He plays ______ piano every day, and I play ______ basketball every day.
a
an
a
/
The
the
the
/
冠词 - 小练习4 - 判断正误并改正
1.She is a university student. ( ) 改正:
2.I play the football every afternoon. ( ) 改正:
3.He has an useful book. ( ) 改正:
4.We go to school on the Sunday. ( ) 改正:
5.She can play piano well. ( ) 改正:
T
F
I play football every afternoon.
F
1.He has a useful book.
F
We go to school on Sunday.
F
She can play the piano well.
情态动词can/can’t - 定义与核心用法
can 表“能、会、可以”,can’t 表“不能、不会、不可以”
后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化(例:He can swim. / They can swim.)
三大核心用法:
•表能力:I can speak English.(我会说英语)
•表请求许可:Can I use your pen?(我能用你的钢笔吗?)
•表推测(否定/疑问):Can it be true?(这可能是真的吗?)
情态动词can/can’t - 句式结构(肯定+否定)
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + can + 动词原形 + 其他 She can dance very well.
否定句 主语 + can’t + 动词原形 + 其他 He can’t play football.
补充:can not 可缩写为 can’t,不可写成 cann’t
情态动词can/can’t - 句式结构(疑问+回答)
句式 结构 例句及回答
一般疑问句 Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? —Can you swim? —Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + can + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? —What can you do? —I can sing.
核心:疑问句和回答中,动词始终用原形
情态动词can/can’t - 核心考点(一)
与be动词连用:can + be + 形容词/名词
(例:She can be a good teacher.)
表请求许可时,can 比 may 更口语化、更随意
例:Can I open the window?(我能开窗吗?)
否定推测用 can’t,表“不可能”
(例:He can’t be late. 他不可能迟到)
情态动词can/can’t - 核心考点(二)
易错点:can 后接动词原形,不可加 to 或变形式
误:She can to sing. / He can plays basketball.
正:She can sing. / He can play basketball.
回答时不可混淆:Yes, 主语 + can. / No, 主语 + can’t.
(不可说 Yes, I can’t.)
情态动词can/can’t - 小练习1 - 用can/can’t填空
1.My brother ______ play the piano, but he ______ play the guitar.
2.______ you speak French? No, I ______.
3.The little girl ______ sing very well.
4.They ______ swim in the river. It’s dangerous.
5.What ______ you do for the party?
6.The cat ______ climb trees, but it ______ fly.
can
can’t
Can
can’t
can
can’t
can
can
can’t
情态动词can/can’t - 小练习2 - 单项选择
1.—Can you play chess? —______
A. Yes, I do. B. No, I can. C. Yes, I can. D. No, I do.
2.She ______ swim, so she doesn’t go to the swimming pool.
A. can B. can’t C. doesn’t D. isn’t
3.—______ he speak Chinese? —Yes, he can.
A. Do B. Does C. Can D. Is
4.What ______ she do for the school show?
A. can; do B. does; do C. can; does D. does; can
C
B
C
A
情态动词can/can’t - 小练习3 - 按要求改写句子
1.He can play the violin.(改为一般疑问句)
2.They can speak English.(改为否定句)
3.She can sing and dance.(对划线部分提问)
4.Can Tom swim?(作否定回答)
5.I can draw pictures.(改为特殊疑问句 )
Can he play the violin?
They can’t speak English.
What can she do?
No, he can’t.
What can you draw?
情态动词can/can’t - 小练习4 - 根据汉语提示完成句子
1.我会画画,但是不会弹钢琴。
I ______ draw, but I ______ play the piano.
2.他能成为一名优秀的医生吗?
______ he ______ a good doctor?
3.他们不会说日语。
They ______ speak Japanese.
4.你能为我做什么?
What ______ you ______ for me?
can
can’t
Can be
can’t
can do
情态动词can/can’t - 小练习5 - 判断正误并改正
1.Can he plays the guitar? ( ) 改正:
2.She can to sing a song. ( ) 改正:
3.Yes, I can’t. ( ) 改正:
4.They can swimming in the lake. ( ) 改正:
5.Can you be my friend? Yes, I can. ( ) 改正:
F
Can he play the guitar?
F
1.She can sing a song.
F
F
No, I can’t.
They can swim in the lake.
T
语法综合练习1 - 选词填空
1.______ (A/An/The) boy over there ______ (can/can’t) play ______ (a/an/the) piano.
2.We ______ (can/can’t) have ______ (a/an/不填) breakfast at 8:00, and then we go to ______ (a/an/the) school.
3.______ (A/An/The) earth ______ (can/can’t) go around ______ (a/an/the) sun.
4.—______ (Can/Do/Does) you play ______ (a/an/不填) football? —No, I ______ (can/can’t).
The
can
the
can
/
/
The
can
the
Can
/
can’t
语法综合练习2 - 单项选择
1.—What’s ______ in your hand? —It’s ______ eraser. I ______ use it to draw.
A. this; an; can B. that; a; can’t C. it; the; can D. these; an; can’t
2.She ______ play ______ violin, but she ______ play ______ basketball.
A. can; the; can’t; 不填 B. can; 不填; can’t; the
C. can’t; the; can; 不填 D. can’t; 不填; can; the
3.—______ I borrow your book? —Yes, you ______. But you ______ return it tomorrow.
A. Can; can; can B. Do; can; can’t C. Can; can’t; can D. Do; can’t; can
A
A
A
语法综合练习3 - 句式转换
1.She can play the piano.(改为否定句)
2.They can speak English and Chinese.(对划线部分提问)
3.This is a useful book.(改为复数句,用can改写)
4.Can you go to the park with me?(作肯定回答和否定回答)
She can’t play the piano.
What can they speak?
These are useful books. We can use them.
Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
易混知识点对比(一)
易混点 正确用法 错误示例
a/an 辅音音素前用a,元音音素前用an a apple, an university
冠词+球类/乐器 球类前零冠词,乐器前加the play the football, play piano
can的否定 can’t(缩写),后接动词原形 can not, can’t to play
易混知识点对比(二)
易混点 正确用法 错误示例
can的回答 肯定:Yes, 主语+can;否定:No, 主语+can’t Yes, I can’t.
零冠词+三餐/星期 三餐、星期前不用冠词 have the breakfast, on the Sunday
can与be动词 can+be+形容词/名词 can is happy, can be a student
语法核心考点梳理(冠词)
冠词分三类:a/an(泛指“一个”)、the(特指)、零冠词(泛指复数/不可数)
a/an看发音不看拼写,the用于特指、独一无二事物、乐器等
零冠词用于学科、球类、三餐、星期、泛指复数/不可数名词
固定搭配需牢记,避免“多冠词”或“少冠词”错误
语法核心考点梳理(情态动词can/can’t)
can表能力、请求、推测,can’t表否定含义
后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化
句式:肯定(主+can+动原)、否定(主+can’t+动原)、疑问(Can+主+动原)
回答需对应:Yes/No + 主语 + can/can’t,不可混淆
学习总结
掌握冠词的三类用法及核心区别,能正确选择a/an/the/零冠词
理解情态动词can/can’t的含义、句式和固定用法
能熟练完成选词、选择、句式转换等各类题型
区分易混知识点,纠正常见语法错误
提升语法综合应用能力,规范英语表达
教学课件
Unit 5 语法专项——冠词与情态动词 can/can't
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