Unit 1 Nature in the Balance重点单词变形，语法，短语，句型练习-2025-2026学年高一英语译林版必修第三册

Unit 1 Nature in the Balance 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 单词变形 1．harm n．& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的 2．region n．地区，区域；行政区→regional adj.地区的 3．length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→long adj.长的 4．variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→vary v．变化→various adj.多种多样的 5．living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n．生计，谋生；生活方式→live v．活着→lively adj.活泼的 6．survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→survival n．幸存 7．disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n．消失→appear vi.出现 8．agriculture n．农业，农学→agricultural adj.农业的 9．extinction n．灭绝，绝种→extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的 10．global adj.全球的；全面的→globe n．球体 11．application n．应用，运用；申请→apply v．申请；应用 12．organization n．组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→organize vt.组织→organizer n．组织者 13．absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其→absolute adj.绝对的；完全的 14．entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地→entire adj.完全的 15．profit n．利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处→profitable adj.有利润的，盈利的 16．defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend vt.保护 17．economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economy n．经济 18．poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n．毒物，毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的 19．chemical n．化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的→chemistry n．化学 20．consequence n．结果，后果；重要性→consequent adj.随之而来的→consequently adv.结果 21．further adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.较远，更远；进一步 vt.促进，增进→far adj.&adv.远的→furthest/farthest adj.& adv.最远的/地→farther adj.& adv.更远的/地 一、单句语法填空 1．The country’s (office) language is Spanish, but English is also widely spoken. 【答案】official 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个国家的官方语言是西班牙语，但英语也被广泛使用。这里需要一个形容词来修饰名词language，office的形容词形式official意为“官方的”，在句中作定语修饰language。故填official。 2．The project will be completed on schedule, unless (delay) by bad weather. 【答案】delayed 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：这个项目将按时完成，除非因恶劣天气而延误。unless引导的条件状语从句的主语与主句主语一致且含有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语+be动词，the project与动词delay之间为被动关系，完整形式为“unless the project is delayed by bad weather”，省略后，应用过去分词delayed。故填delayed。 3．When (compare) with other similar products, ours has a significant advantage in price. 【答案】compared 【详解】考查省略句。句意：与其他类似产品相比，我们的产品在价格上有显著优势。主句主语“ours”(our product)与动词“compare”之间为被动关系，完整形式为“When it is compared...”。时间状语从句中主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是compared。故填compared。 4．The company has introduced new (policy) to improve working conditions. 【答案】policies 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：公司出台了新的政策以改善工作条件。policy“政策”是可数名词，前无限定词，应用复数形式，泛指多项政策。故填policies。 5．After school, he took part in a (various) of activities, such as playing badminton and table tennis. 【答案】variety 【详解】考查名词。句意：放学后，他参加了各种各样的活动，比如打羽毛球和乒乓球。不定冠词“a”后需接名词，various的名词形式为variety，a variety of为固定搭配，意为“各种各样的”，符合语境。故填variety。 6．These (strategy) will help you catch up with your classmates in a shorter time. 【答案】strategies 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：这些策略将帮助你在更短时间内赶上同学。分析句子结构可知，strategy，表“策略”，作主语，为可数名词，且These后需接可数名词复数形式。故填strategies。 7．When deeply (absorb) in work, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. 【答案】absorbed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他全神贯注于工作时，会忘记吃饭睡觉。此处是状语从句的省略结构，省略了“主语和be动词”，根据“be absorbed in”意为“全神贯注于……”可知，absorb与逻辑主语he之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式absorbed。故填absorbed。 8．We need to make a plan for (economy) development. 【答案】economic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们需要制定经济发展计划。空处修饰名词development，应填形容词作定语，表示“经济的”使用形容词economic，故填economic。 9．In addition to blogging, taking photos and writing articles about the reef, he made a number of appearances on television to argue in favor of its (defend) . 【答案】defense/defence 【详解】考查名词。句意：除了写博客、拍照和撰写关于珊瑚礁的文章之外，他还多次在电视上露面，为它的保护进行辩护。设空处使用defend的名词defense/defence作宾语，意为“保护，保卫”，其为不可数名词。故填defence/defense。 10．After moving to the new city, she found her life (entire) different from what she had expected. 【答案】entirely 【详解】考查副词。句意：搬到新城市后，她发现自己的生活完全不同于她所期望的。提示词修饰形容词different，用副词entirely作状语，表示“完全地”。故填entirely。 11．My father works as the president of a non-profit (organize). 【答案】organization 【详解】考查名词。句意：我父亲担任一家非营利组织的总裁。根据“a non-profit”可知，此空应是可数名词单数作介词of的宾语。organize的名词形式是organization，意为“组织，机构”。故填organization。 12．Thanks to the (apply) of this new technology, some deadly diseases can be treated at an early stage. 【答案】application 【详解】考查名词。句意：多亏了这项新技术的应用，一些致命疾病能在早期得到治疗。定冠词the后接名词形式，在句中作宾语。apply的名词形式为application，表示“应用”，且此处特指“这项新技术的应用”，用单数形式即可。故填application。 13．Once (form), bad habits are hard to get rid of. 【答案】formed 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：一旦形成，坏习惯就很难改掉。分析句子结构可知，Once引导状语从句，主从句主语一致，为bad habits，动词form与bad habits是动宾关系，状语从句是Once they are formed，they指代bad habits，从句主语和be动词可省略，此空填过去分词formed。故填formed。 14．These plants have adapted to (survive) with very little water. 【答案】surviving​ 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些植物已经适应了在极少水分条件下生存。此处为短语adapt to doing sth.表示“适应做某事”，填动名词surviving作介词to宾语。故填surviving。 15．So, from the (globe) view, it is very important for all human beings. 【答案】global 【详解】考查形容词。句意：所以，从全球的角度来看，这对全人类都非常重要。形容词global，表示“全球的；全世界的”，在句中作定语。 故填global。 16．The meeting will take place as (schedule), so please arrive on time. 【答案】scheduled 【详解】考查方式状语从句的省略用法。句意：会议将如期举行，请准时到达。分析句子可知，句中“as”此处为连词，引导方式状语从句，完整结构应为“as it is scheduled”（正如被安排的那样）。由于从句主语“it”（指代“the meeting”）与主句主语一致，且从句含be动词，英语中可省略“it is”，直接保留过去分词“scheduled”，构成“as scheduled”的省略结构，属于常用表达。“as scheduled”意为“按计划；如期”。故填scheduled。 17．Trees were planted (shelter) this area from strong sandstorms. 【答案】to shelter 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：种树是为了保护这个地区免受强烈沙尘暴的侵袭。were planted是谓语动词，空前没有并列连词，括号里的shelter作动词表示“提供保护”，要将其变成非谓语动词形式。种树是为了保护该地，所填部分要用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to shelter。 18． (walk) at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. 【答案】Walking 【详解】考查动名词。句意：在夜间散步是走出舒适区的好方法。分析句子结构可知，空处应是主语。所给词walk为动词，需用动名词形式walking，在句中作主语，句首字母大写。故填Walking。 19．At the meeting they took turns to (put) forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education system. 【答案】put 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在会议上，他们依次提出了许多旨在推动教育制度改革的建议。短语take turns to do sth.表示“依次做某事”。故填put。 20．They also remove some (harm) chemicals from paints or cooking. 【答案】harmful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们还从颜料或烹饪中去除一些有害的化学物质。根据空格后名词“chemicals (化学物质)”可知，此处需用形容词作定语修饰该名词。所给词harm为名词，其形容词形式为harmful 意为“有害的”符合句意。故填harmful。 21．You choose which (long) you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story. 【答案】length 【详解】考查名词。句意：你选择你想要的长度，它就会给你一个像收据一样的短篇故事。此处为名词作want的宾语由“and it gives you a receipt-like short story，long的名词为length意为“长度”，是不可数名词。故填length。 22．When you put this into water, a (chemistry) change happens. 【答案】chemical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当你把这个放进水里，就会发生化学变化。分析句子可知，设空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词change，chemistry的形容词形式是chemical，意为“化学的”，符合语境。故填chemical。 23．He studied hard, and in （consequent）he passed the exam. 【答案】consequence 【详解】考查名词。句意：他学习很努力，结果他通过了考试。空处应用名词，作宾语；consequence为名词，表示“结果、后果”，介词短语in consequence表示“因此、结果”，符合句意。故填consequence。 24．Luckily, I was told how to relax my muscles and focus on peace of mind while (perform) the routine. 【答案】performing 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：幸运的是，有人告诉我如何在做这套动作时放松肌肉，保持平静的心态。根据题干可知，设空处作时间状语从句的谓语，I作主语，状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，从句为“while I was performing the routine(我在做这套动作时)”，从句谓语中有be动词，可将从句中的主语和be动词一起省略，故填performing。 25．China has already lifted about 800 million people out of (poor) within a short span of forty years. 【答案】poverty 【详解】考查名词。句意：在短短四十年的时间里，中国已经使约8亿人摆脱了贫困。根据空格前的介词of可知，空格处应该用名词poverty作宾语。故填poverty。 二、单词拼写 26．Our team discussed different (策略) for the competition and finally chose the most practical one. 【答案】strategies 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们团队讨论了比赛的不同策略，最终选择了最实用的一种。根据汉语提示“策略”可知，应填名词strategy作宾语，此处数量大于一，应用复数形式。故填strategies。 27．I found myself in an (完全) new world the moment I arrived in Beijing. 【答案】entirely 【详解】考查副词。句意：我一到北京就发现自己置身于一个全新的世界。修饰形容词new，用副词形式。副词“完全（地）”英文为entirely。故填entirely。 28．In her first book she explained the role of vegetable fibres, vitamins, minerals, and other essential (营养物质). 【答案】nutrients 【详解】考查名词。句意：在她的第一本书中，她解释了植物纤维、维生素、矿物质和其他必需营养素的作用。形容词essential后接名词形式，在句中作宾语。名词“营养物质”英文为nutrient，是可数名词。根据语境，这里提到了蔬菜纤维、维生素、矿物质等多种营养物质，所以应用复数形式。故填nutrients。 29．The city released an (官方的) notice yesterday, saying that the public park will be closed next month. 【答案】official 【详解】考查形容词。句意：该城市昨日发布了一份官方通知，称公园将于下月关闭。根据汉语提示“官方的”可知，空处应填形容词official作定语修饰名词notice。故填official。 30．After the heavy rain and strong wind, only a few small trees (幸存下来) in the school garden. 【答案】survived/urvived 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：在大雨和大风之后，学校花园里只有几棵小树幸存下来。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填动词survive“幸存下来”，由句意可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，谓语动词使用过去式。故填survived。 31．She worked day and night for years and finally won a gold (奖牌) in the Olympics. 【答案】medal 【详解】考查名词。句意：她夜以继日地努力了很多年，终于在奥运会上获得了一枚金牌。空处作动词won的宾语，结合汉语提示可知，名词medal符合题意，冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填medal。 32．Kids can’t go to the zoo unless (陪伴) by their parents. 【答案】accompanied 【详解】考查动词。句意：孩子们除非有父母陪伴，否则不能去动物园。根据汉语提示“陪伴”，对应的动词是accompany；此处是unless引导的条件状语从句的省略结构，逻辑主语kids与accompany为被动关系，所以此处使用accompany的过去分词accompanied，省略了“kids are”。故填accompanied。 33．They got their travel (手册) out, printed and published it in March to attract more visitors. 【答案】brochure 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们拿出旅游手册，印刷并在3月出版，以吸引更多游客。根据汉语提示可知，此处应用名词brochure，这里表示一本旅游手册，用单数形式，在句中作got的宾语。故填brochure。 34．While (探索) the library’s basement, she found a box of old letters from the 19th century. 【答案】exploring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在探索图书馆地下室时，她发现了一盒来自19世纪的旧信件。根据汉语提示“探索”可知，应用动词explore。分析句子结构，“she found a box of old letters from the 19th century”为主句，前半部分为“While ________(探索) the library’s basement”为while引导的时间状语从句，主从句主语一致，为she，从句表示“她在探索图书馆地下室时”，表达为：While she was exploring the library’s basement；从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语包含be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，仅保留连词“while”和现在分词“doing”，构成省略结构While exploring the library’s basement。‌故填exploring。 35．His death was totally unexpected and, in (结果), no plans had been made for his replacement. 【答案】consequence 【详解】考查名词。句意：他的死完全出乎意料，因此，没有制定任何接替计划。根据汉语提示“结果”和空前的in，这里用consequence作宾语。in consequence为固定搭配，意为“结果”。故填consequence。 36．In the UK and the US, senior high school students take part in (各种各样的) after-school activities. 【答案】various 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在英国和美国，高中生会参加各种各样的课外活动。根据汉语提示可知，空处用形容词various“各种各样的”，作定语，修饰名词activities。故填various。 37．One lasting (结果) of Marie Curie’s research is the countless lives saved through the medical applications of radiation. 【答案】consequence 【详解】考查名词。句意：玛丽·居里所做的研究所带来的一个深远影响是，通过辐射技术在医疗领域的应用，拯救了无数生命。根据汉语提示可知用名词consequence，作主语。故填consequence。 38．The trade imbalance is likely to rise again. (因此), a new set of policy actions will be required soon. 【答案】Hence/Therefore/Thus 【详解】考查副词。句意：贸易不平衡很可能会再度上扬。因此需要很快采取一系列新的政策行动。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为副词hence/therefore/thus“因此”作状语，修饰后面整个句子，满足句意要求。位于句首，首字母大写。故填Hence/Therefore/Thus。 39． (温室) gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable. 【答案】Greenhouse 【详解】考查名词。句意：大气中的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳，能够吸收部分热量，从而使地球的气候保持温暖且适宜生命生存。根据汉语提示可知用名词greenhouse，修饰gases作定语。首字母大写。故填Greenhouse。 40．Rapid economic development threatens animal (栖息地). 【答案】habitats 【详解】考查名词。句意：快速的经济发展威胁着动物的栖息地。“栖息地”应用名词habitat，作threatens的宾语，且空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语，可数名词habitat应用复数形式，表泛指。故填habitats。 三、完成句子 41．我怎么能一边记笔记一边认真听讲呢? How can I listen carefully ? 【答案】 while taking notes 【详解】考查连词和动词短语。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“一边……一边……”应用while doing sth. 的结构（主句主语与分词逻辑主语一致时，可省略从句主语和be动词），“记笔记”为take notes，此处take用现在分词形式taking。故填while taking notes。 42．这款软件旨在将复杂数据拆解成简单图表，方便用户理解。 The software is designed to complex data into simple charts, making it easier for users to understand. 【答案】 break down 【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。表示“拆解”应用动词短语break down，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形。故填①break；②down。 43．语言会对大脑产生很大的影响，相应地大脑又会极大地影响人的行为。 Words have a powerful effect on your brain, and it influences your action greatly. 【答案】 in turn 【详解】考查介词短语。“相应地”可以用介词短语in turn来表示，符合题意。故填in；turn。 44．20世纪60年代，一群自行车爱好者想出了一个主意。(come up with) In the 1960s, 【答案】a group of cycling fans came up with an idea 【详解】考查短语和时态。主语“一群自行车爱好者”用a group of cycling fans表达，谓语“想出”用come up with表达，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，come用过去式came，宾语“一个主意”用an idea表达。故填a group of cycling fans came up with an idea。 45．赢得金牌对这位年轻运动员来说是极大的荣誉。 Winning the gold is a great for the young athlete. 【答案】 medal honour 【详解】考查名词。“金牌”作宾语，用名词medal，这里指的是一枚金牌，用单数形式；“荣誉”作表语，用名词honour，有不定冠词a修饰，用单数形式。故填medal；honour。 46．然后，他折起钞票，又慢慢地把它展开，就好像看到了他不敢相信的东西。 Then he folds the bill and slowly unfolds it again, at something he can’t believe.(as if) 【答案】as if looking 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“就好像看到”，“就好像”用as if引导方式状语从句；“看到”用动词look，在从句中作谓语；从句主语和主句主语一致，都是he，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，完整从句为“as if he is looking at something he can’t believe”，省略后为“as if looking at something he can’t believe”，所以这里只需填as if looking。故填as if looking。 47．士兵们为保卫他们的国家英勇作战。 The soldiers fought bravely 【答案】in defence of their country 【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意，“为保卫他们的国家”中，“为保卫”用固定短语“in defence of”表示，“他们的国家”译为“their country”作宾语。故填in defence of their country。 48．如果有必要的话, 那么你可以把更加具体的锻炼加到体育或运动中去。 Then you can do exercises more specific to your sport or activity, . 【答案】if necessary 【详解】考查省略句。“如果有必要的话”可以用if necessary表示，它是if引导条件状语从句的省略结构，完整形式为“if it is necessary”。故填if necessary。 49．知道什么造成了你们的忧虑，将有助于减轻压力。 will help to reduce the stress. 【答案】Knowing what causes your worry 【详解】考查动词、名词、非谓语动词和宾语从句。对比中英文可知，空处表示“知道什么造成了你们的忧虑”；“知道”可用动词know，“什么造成了你们的忧虑”是know的具体内容，可用指物的连接代词what“什么”引导宾语从句；从句描述通常的情况，时态宜用一般现在时，从句主语what作主语，视作单数，从句谓语“造成”可用动词cause，cause需用第三人称单数形式，从句宾语“你们的忧虑”可用名词短语your worry；且空处作主句主语，表示经常性、习惯性的动作，know应用动名词形式，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Knowing what causes your worry。 50．由于糟糕的天气，运动会被取消了。 The sports meeting has been cancelled 【答案】due to the bad weather 【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意，“由于糟糕的天气”中，“由于”用固定短语due to表示，后接“糟糕的天气”the bad weather作宾语，该短语在句中作原因状语。故填due to the bad weather。 51．在几乎光秃秃的树下是一层厚厚的落叶，背景里的绿色草地是对逝去的夏天的回忆。 A carpet of fallen leaves lay beneath nearly bare trees, . 【答案】with green grass in the background serving as a memory of the passing summer 【详解】考查with复合结构。表示“背景里的绿色草地是对逝去的夏天的回忆”使用“with + 宾语+宾语补足语”复合结构，作状语。表示“背景里的绿色草地”为green grass in the background，作with的宾语；表示“是”可用动词短语serve as，和宾语之间是主动关系，使用现在分词作宾补；表示“对逝去的夏天的回忆”为名词短语a memory of the passing summer，作介词as的宾语。故填with green grass in the background serving as a memory of the passing summer。 52．建这个围墙是为了保护这条路不被海水冲垮。 The wall was built to by the sea. 【答案】defend the road from being washed away/protect the road from being washed away 【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。本题要翻译“保护这条路不被海水冲垮”。句中的“to____________________by the sea”是目的状语，空里要填动词原形。“保护某物不……”表达为动词固定搭配defend/protect sth. from，“这条路”翻译成the road作protect宾语。from是介词，后面要接名词/动名词作宾语，“the road”与“冲垮（wash away）”之间是逻辑上的被动关系，“被冲垮”用动名词被动语态being washed away。故填defend/protect the road from being washed away。 语法填空 Using renewables seems to cut carbon more than nuclear. Nations that embraced renewable forms of energy have significantly cut their carbon emissions, but 53 pursuing nuclear power have failed to do so, researchers have found. Nuclear and renewables are seen as two key ways for governments to decarbonize (去碳), but the question of whether one is more effective for dealing with climate change 54 (not address) fully. With several countries on the brink of deciding whether 55 (back) new nuclear power plants to meet their carbon targets, the answer to this question matters To find out, Benjamin Sovacool at the University of Sussex and his colleagues looked at carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and GDP over 25 years. They found that in 117 countries that had been using renewables, CO2 emissions per capita (人均地) dropped from 0.69 tonnes (公吨) on average between 1990 and 2004 to 0.61 tonnes between 2000 and 2014 and 56 these latter figures included a further six countries. During the same periods, however, the 30 countries that had been using nuclear power largely stayed flat, shifting from an average 0.52 tonnes of CO2 emissions per capita to 0.51. The two groups of countries overlap because some fall into both. Renewables included wind, solar, hydroelectric, and biomass energy. “If you’re focusing on 57 we can do to reduce emissions in the next 15 years, 58 (pursue) renewables instead of nuclear,” says Sovacool. The reason 59 the results is not clear — the analysis found a connection, not a causation — but Sovacool has ideas. Nuclear power is restricted due to agreements 60 (limit) the spread of nuclear weapons 61 material from reactors (核反应堆) can be used to make bombs. Renewables are not, enabling more countries to learn from one another, such as Germany benefiting from Chinese economies of scale on solar. Other reasons for this 62 be that renewables are cheaper and quicker to build and more socially acceptable, says Sovacool. 【答案】 53．those 54．hasn’t been addressed 55．to back 56．that 57．what 58．pursue 59．of 60．limiting 61．because/as 62．could/may 【导语】这是一篇说明文，研究人员发现，采用可再生能源的国家显著减少了碳排放，而发展核能的国家却未能做到这一点。文章分析了这一现象背后可能的原因，并指出在未来15年减排的关键时期，可再生能源比核能更有效。 53．考查代词。句意：研究人员发现，采用可再生能源形式的国家显著减少了碳排放，但那些追求核能的国家却未能做到这一点。空格处需指代前文提到的“nations”，且与前文“Nations that embraced...”结构对应，用“those”指代复数可数名词，避免重复。故填those。 54．考查时态和被动语态。句意：核能和可再生能源被视为各国政府脱碳的两个关键途径，但关于其中一种是否更有效地应对气候变化的问题尚未得到充分解决。主语“the question”与谓语动词“address”之间是被动关系，且结合语境可知“问题未被解决”的状态持续到现在，应用现在完成时的被动语态；主语为单数，助动词用has，故填hasn’t been addressed。 55．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着多个国家即将决定是否支持新建核电站以实现其碳目标，这个问题的答案至关重要。空处表示的是一个指向将来的不确定的动作，使用动词不定式，“whether to do sth.”为“疑问词+ to do”固定结构，意为“是否做某事”，故填to back。 56．考查宾语从句。句意：他们发现，在117个使用可再生能源的国家中，人均二氧化碳排放量从1990年至2004年的平均0.69吨降至2000年至2014年的0.61吨，而且后一组数据还包括另外6个国家。空格处引导宾语从句，作found的第二个宾语，从句中不缺成分且语义完整，应用that引导宾语从句，that不可以省略。故填that。 57．考查宾语从句。句意：索瓦库尔说：“如果你的重点是未来15年我们能做些什么来减少排放，那就选择可再生能源而不是核能。”空格处引导宾语从句，作focusing on的宾语，应用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故填 what。 58．考查祈使句。句意：同上。此处为祈使句，用于提出建议，省略主语you，空格处用动词原形。故填pursue。 59．考查介词。句意：结果背后的原因尚不清楚 —— 分析发现了一种关联，而非因果关系 —— 但索瓦库尔有自己的想法。根据空白处上文“the reason (原因)”以及下文“the results (结果)”，可知上下文之间为所属关系，意为“某事的原因”，应使用介词of连接。故填of。 60．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于限制核武器扩散的协议，核能受到限制，因为反应堆的材料可用于制造炸弹。空格处作后置定语修饰agreements，agreements与limit之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式limiting。故填limiting。 61．考查状语从句。句意：由于限制核武器扩散的协议，核能受到限制，因为反应堆的材料可用于制造炸弹。空格处引导原因状语从句，解释核能受限制的原因，应用because或as引导从句。故填because/as。 62．考查情态动词。句意：索瓦库尔说，其他原因可能是可再生能源更便宜、建造更快，而且更被社会接受。根据下文“renewables are cheaper and quicker to build and more socially acceptable (可再生能源成本更低，建造周期更短，并且社会认可度更高)”可知，下文提到了可再生能源成本更低，建造周期更短，并且社会认可度更高，可推理出空格处是对原因的合理推测，意为“可能”，应用could或may。故填could/may。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填如1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Dongjiang River in southern China provides drinking water for 40 million people, including those in Hong Kong and rural areas. However, this vital resource had become 63 (critical) threatened by sewage (污水). With continuous pollutant emissions, it no longer qualifies 64 a safe source of drinking water. To address this challenge, a nature-inspired system which harmonizes 65 (engineer) practices and nature’s wisdom was put into place. This system, which 66 (function) similarly to wetlands in purifying water, is low both in cost and maintenance. These artificial ecosystems, 67 pollutants are absorbed and broken down, are highly effective. Unlike conventional methods, they have significantly improved 68 (efficient) in reducing pollution. The project also provides 69 inviting habitat for local wildlife, including fish, frogs and insects. Since the project began, residents 70 (see) a steady rise in the amount of wildlife in the area. This innovation makes itself 71 (recognize) as a model of innovation in environmental conservation. By adopting nature-inspired strategies, it offers a wise 72 (solve) to preserve the local ecosystems and promote sustainable development at the same time. 【答案】 63．critically 64．as 65．engineering 66．functions 67．where 68．more efficient 69．an 70．have seen 71．recognized 72．solution 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国南方的东江为4000万人提供饮用水，但受到了污水的严重威胁。为了解决这一问题，人们采用了一个将工程实践与自然智慧相结合的自然启发系统。 63．考查副词。句意：然而，这一重要资源已受到污水的严重威胁。此处修饰动词threatened，应用副词作状语，表示程度上的加深。故填critically。 64．考查介词。句意：随着污染物的持续排放，它不再符合安全饮用水的标准。qualify as为固定短语，意为“符合……的资格或条件”。故填as。 65．考查形容词。句意：为了解决这一挑战，人们建立了一个将工程实践与自然智慧相结合的自然启发系统。此处修饰名词practices，应用形容词，表示“工程的”。故填engineering。 66．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这个系统像湿地净化水一样工作，在成本和维护方面都很低。此处表示客观事实，用一般现在时，which代替先行词this system作主语，为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填functions。 67．考查定语从句。句意：这些人工生态系统，污染物被吸收和分解，非常有效。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ecosystems，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。 68．考查形容词比较级。句意：与传统方法相比，它们在减少污染方面效率更高。根据前文Unlike以及much可知，此处表示比较，需用形容词比较级。故填more efficient。 69．考查冠词。句意：该项目还为当地野生动物，包括鱼类、青蛙和昆虫，提供了一个诱人的栖息地。habitat为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且inviting发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an。故填an。 70．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自项目开始以来，居民们发现该地区的野生动物数量稳步增长。根据时间状语Since the project began可知，此处用现在完成时，主语为复数名词，助动词用have。故填have seen。 71．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一创新使其本身被公认为环境保护创新的典范。此处为make+宾语+宾补结构，主语itself和recognize之间为被动关系，需用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。故填recognized。 72．考查名词。句意：通过采用受自然启发的策略，它提供了一种明智的解决方案，既能保护当地的生态系统，又能促进可持续发展。作动词的宾语，用名词solution，不定冠词提示用单数。故填solution。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Nature in the Balance 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 单词变形 1．harm n．& vt.伤害，损害→ adj.有害的→ adj.无害的 2．region n．地区，区域；行政区→ adj.地区的 3．length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→ adj.长的 4．variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→ v．变化 → adj.多种多样的 5． living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n．生计，谋生；生活方式→ v．活着 → adj.活泼的 6．survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→ n．幸存 7．disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→ n．消失→ vi.出现 8．agriculture n．农业，农学→ adj.农业的 9．extinction n．灭绝，绝种→ adj.灭绝的，绝种的 10．global adj.全球的；全面的→ n．球体 11．application n．应用，运用；申请→ v．申请；应用 12．organization n．组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→ vt.组织 → n．组织者 13．absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其→ adj.绝对的；完全的 14．entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地→ adj.完全的 15．profit n．利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处→ adj.有利润的，盈利的 16．defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→ vt.保护 17．economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→ n．经济 18．poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n．毒物，毒药→ adj.有毒的 19．chemical n．化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的→ n．化学 20．consequence n．结果，后果；重要性→ adj.随之而来的 → adv.结果 21． further adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.较远，更远；进一步 vt.促进，增进→ adj.&adv.远的→ adj.& adv.最远的/地→ adj.& adv.更远的/地 一、单句语法填空 1．The country’s (office) language is Spanish, but English is also widely spoken. 2．The project will be completed on schedule, unless (delay) by bad weather. 3．When (compare) with other similar products, ours has a significant advantage in price. 4．The company has introduced new (policy) to improve working conditions. 5．After school, he took part in a (various) of activities, such as playing badminton and table tennis. 6．These (strategy) will help you catch up with your classmates in a shorter time. 7．When deeply (absorb) in work, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. 8．We need to make a plan for (economy) development. 9．In addition to blogging, taking photos and writing articles about the reef, he made a number of appearances on television to argue in favor of its (defend) . 10．After moving to the new city, she found her life (entire) different from what she had expected. 11．My father works as the president of a non-profit (organize). 12．Thanks to the (apply) of this new technology, some deadly diseases can be treated at an early stage. 13．Once (form), bad habits are hard to get rid of. 14．These plants have adapted to (survive) with very little water. 15．So, from the (globe) view, it is very important for all human beings. 16．The meeting will take place as (schedule), so please arrive on time. 17．Trees were planted (shelter) this area from strong sandstorms. 18． (walk) at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. 19．At the meeting they took turns to (put) forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education system. 20．They also remove some (harm) chemicals from paints or cooking. 21．You choose which (long) you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story. 22．When you put this into water, a (chemistry) change happens. 23．He studied hard, and in （consequent）he passed the exam. 24．Luckily, I was told how to relax my muscles and focus on peace of mind while (perform) the routine. 25．China has already lifted about 800 million people out of (poor) within a short span of forty years. 二、单词拼写 26．Our team discussed different (策略) for the competition and finally chose the most practical one. 27．I found myself in an (完全) new world the moment I arrived in Beijing. 28．In her first book she explained the role of vegetable fibres, vitamins, minerals, and other essential (营养物质). 29．The city released an (官方的) notice yesterday, saying that the public park will be closed next month. 30．After the heavy rain and strong wind, only a few small trees (幸存下来) in the school garden. 31．She worked day and night for years and finally won a gold (奖牌) in the Olympics. 32．Kids can’t go to the zoo unless (陪伴) by their parents. 33．They got their travel (手册) out, printed and published it in March to attract more visitors. 34．While (探索) the library’s basement, she found a box of old letters from the 19th century. 35．His death was totally unexpected and, in (结果), no plans had been made for his replacement. 36．In the UK and the US, senior high school students take part in (各种各样的) after-school activities. 37．One lasting (结果) of Marie Curie’s research is the countless lives saved through the medical applications of radiation. 38．The trade imbalance is likely to rise again. (因此), a new set of policy actions will be required soon. 39． (温室) gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable. 40．Rapid economic development threatens animal (栖息地). 三、完成句子 41．我怎么能一边记笔记一边认真听讲呢? How can I listen carefully ? 42．这款软件旨在将复杂数据拆解成简单图表，方便用户理解。 The software is designed to complex data into simple charts, making it easier for users to understand. 43．语言会对大脑产生很大的影响，相应地大脑又会极大地影响人的行为。 Words have a powerful effect on your brain, and it influences your action greatly. 44．20世纪60年代，一群自行车爱好者想出了一个主意。(come up with) In the 1960s, 45．赢得金牌对这位年轻运动员来说是极大的荣誉。 Winning the gold is a great for the young athlete. 46．然后，他折起钞票，又慢慢地把它展开，就好像看到了他不敢相信的东西。 Then he folds the bill and slowly unfolds it again, at something he can’t believe.(as if) 47．士兵们为保卫他们的国家英勇作战。 The soldiers fought bravely 48．如果有必要的话, 那么你可以把更加具体的锻炼加到体育或运动中去。 Then you can do exercises more specific to your sport or activity, . 49．知道什么造成了你们的忧虑，将有助于减轻压力。 will help to reduce the stress. 50．由于糟糕的天气，运动会被取消了。 The sports meeting has been cancelled 51．在几乎光秃秃的树下是一层厚厚的落叶，背景里的绿色草地是对逝去的夏天的回忆。 A carpet of fallen leaves lay beneath nearly bare trees, . 52．建这个围墙是为了保护这条路不被海水冲垮。 The wall was built to by the sea. 语法填空 Using renewables seems to cut carbon more than nuclear. Nations that embraced renewable forms of energy have significantly cut their carbon emissions, but 53 pursuing nuclear power have failed to do so, researchers have found. Nuclear and renewables are seen as two key ways for governments to decarbonize (去碳), but the question of whether one is more effective for dealing with climate change 54 (not address) fully. With several countries on the brink of deciding whether 55 (back) new nuclear power plants to meet their carbon targets, the answer to this question matters To find out, Benjamin Sovacool at the University of Sussex and his colleagues looked at carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and GDP over 25 years. They found that in 117 countries that had been using renewables, CO2 emissions per capita (人均地) dropped from 0.69 tonnes (公吨) on average between 1990 and 2004 to 0.61 tonnes between 2000 and 2014 and 56 these latter figures included a further six countries. During the same periods, however, the 30 countries that had been using nuclear power largely stayed flat, shifting from an average 0.52 tonnes of CO2 emissions per capita to 0.51. The two groups of countries overlap because some fall into both. Renewables included wind, solar, hydroelectric, and biomass energy. “If you’re focusing on 57 we can do to reduce emissions in the next 15 years, 58 (pursue) renewables instead of nuclear,” says Sovacool. The reason 59 the results is not clear — the analysis found a connection, not a causation — but Sovacool has ideas. Nuclear power is restricted due to agreements 60 (limit) the spread of nuclear weapons 61 material from reactors (核反应堆) can be used to make bombs. Renewables are not, enabling more countries to learn from one another, such as Germany benefiting from Chinese economies of scale on solar. Other reasons for this 62 be that renewables are cheaper and quicker to build and more socially acceptable, says Sovacool. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填如1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Dongjiang River in southern China provides drinking water for 40 million people, including those in Hong Kong and rural areas. However, this vital resource had become 63 (critical) threatened by sewage (污水). With continuous pollutant emissions, it no longer qualifies 64 a safe source of drinking water. To address this challenge, a nature-inspired system which harmonizes 65 (engineer) practices and nature’s wisdom was put into place. This system, which 66 (function) similarly to wetlands in purifying water, is low both in cost and maintenance. These artificial ecosystems, 67 pollutants are absorbed and broken down, are highly effective. Unlike conventional methods, they have significantly improved 68 (efficient) in reducing pollution. The project also provides 69 inviting habitat for local wildlife, including fish, frogs and insects. Since the project began, residents 70 (see) a steady rise in the amount of wildlife in the area. This innovation makes itself 71 (recognize) as a model of innovation in environmental conservation. By adopting nature-inspired strategies, it offers a wise 72 (solve) to preserve the local ecosystems and promote sustainable development at the same time. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $