Unit 1 Nature in the balance-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修三（译林版）

Unit 1 Nature in the balance 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 ☆同步语法一：省略句 ☆同步语法二：定语从句综合 语法精讲精练 (一)基本定义 省略句是指在语法结构完整的前提下，为避免重复、突出核心信息而省去一个或多个成分的句 子。高考中省略句主要出现在状语从句、定语从句、不定式、虚拟语气、并列句和比较结 构中，考查学生对句子主干的理解和还原能力。 (二)核心用法与类型 省略类型 省略条件 具体规则 例句 When asked 从句主语与主句一 省略“主语+be”,保留非谓语动 about the 状语从句省略 致，且从句谓语含be 动词 词(doing/done/介词短语等) accident,keep calm The man we 关系代词在从句中作 省略关系代词 met 定语从句省略 宾语 (that/which/who/whom) yesterday is a professor. 避免重复上文中已出 保留不定式符号to,省略动词及 -Will you go 不定式省略 with me？-l'd 现的不定式动词 其后成分 love to 虚拟语气省略 宾语从句(suggest He suggested 等动词后) 省略should,保留动词原形 that we start earlier. Had he arrived if从句含 将were/had/should提至主语 earlier,he 虚拟条件句省略 were/had/should 前，省略f would have caught the train. Tom studies 并列成分中重复的部 省略后一个分句中与前一相同的 并列句省略 English and 分 动词、宾语等 Mary studies French. She speaks 比较结构省略 as.as,than引导的 省略与主句重复的主语、谓语或 English as 从句 宾语 fluently as I speak. (三)高考高频考点详解 1.状语从句省略的还原 只适用于状语从句（时间、条件、让步、方式、地点等）。省略后，非谓语动词的逻辑主语 必须是主句主语。 O例句：While exploring the cave,you should wear a helmet. 2.不定式符号to的保留与省略 常与动词plan,want,hope,expect,try,refuse,would like/love等搭配。 O例句：-Nould you like to see the film?-'d love to,but I have to finish my homework. 3.虚拟语气中should的省略 suggest,propose,order,command,require,request,insist,recommend 等后接that从句。 ②例句：The doctor recommended that she take a blood test. 4.定语从句关系词的省略 作宾语时可省略，作主语不能省略。 ②例句：The book I borrowed from the library is about space exploration. 5.比较结构中的省略 常省略与主句重复的主语或谓语，注意宾格代词使用。 O例句：He runs faster than I. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.When to a foreign language,you should try to imitate the pronunciation A.exposing B.exposed C.being exposed D.having exposed 2.-Are you going to attend the lecture? 一'd like but I have a prior appointment. A.to B.to attend C.so D.it 3. it rain tomorrow,the sports meeting would be postponed. A.Were B.Should C.Had D.If 4.The government suggested that the citizens unnecessary travel during the peak season. A.avoid B.avoided C.to avoid D.avoiding 5.The scientist we interviewed last week has won the Nobel Prize. A.which B.whom C.whose D.who 6.He did much better in the exam than A.expected B.expecting C.to expect D.expect 7.-You should apologize to her. -I know I should,but I don't know how A.to B.to apologize C.do D.doing 8.All the staff are required to attend the meeting,whether or not. A.ready B.being ready C.to be ready D.having ready 9.The manager insisted that the project_ completed before Friday. A.was B.be C.had been D.were 10.He spoke English so fluently as if he a native speaker. A.is B.were C.has been D.being (二)改写句子(8小题) 将下列句子中的省略部分补充完整，每空一词。 1.While crossing the street,you should watch out for cars. →While _crossing the street,you should watch out for cars. 2.The novel written by Mo Yan is worth reading →The novel written by Mo Yan is worth reading 3.-Would you like to join us?-I'd love to,but I'm busy. →I would love _but I'm busy. 4.The teacher recommended that every student read the book. The teacher recommended that every student_ the book. 5.Had he taken the medicine,he would have recovered earlier. → the medicine,he would have recovered earlier. 6.She can speak three languages and her brother can speak three languages too She can speak three languages and her brother 7.The problem is more complicated than we think The problem is more complicated than we think 8.When heated,ice turns into water. →When ice turns into water. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 A group of students were sent to an ancient temple 1. (locate)in the mountains.When 2._ (ask)about the purpose of the trip,they said it was to study the inscriptions.The guide suggested that they 3.(stay)overnight, (give)the poor weather forecast.However,the guide insisted that the research 5.(complete)before the rainy season. While 6.(climb)the steep path,one student slipped and hurt his ankle.He refused 7.(stop)and said he would rather continue than 8.(give) up.The rest of the team decided to stay with him until the rescue arrived."Had we 9. (listen)to the guide,we wouldn't be in this situation,"one student murmured.The leader replied,"We should learn from mistakes,but there is no point in crying over 10.(spill)milk." Finally,the rescue team came.They asked 11, the injured student needed immediate medical attention.He nodded,so they carried him down the mountain. After the incident,the students realized that the adventures were far more dangerous than they 12.(expect). 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.B;2.A;3.B;4.A;5.B;6.A;7.A;8.A;9.B;10.B (二)改写 1.you are 2.which/that is 3.to join you 4.should read 5.If had 句子 taken 6.can too 7.it is 8.it is heated (三)篇章 1.located 2.asked 3.stay 4.given 5.be 6.climbing 7.to stop; 语法填空 8.give 9.listened 10.spilled 11.whether 12.had expected 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 定语从句(A比ributive Clause)在复合句中充当定语，修饰名词或代词（称为“先行 词”)。它由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导，起到连接主从句并在从句中充当成分的 作用。定语从句是高考语法填空、短文改错、阅读理解及写作中的核心考点。 (二)关系代词核心用法 关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语。具体用法如下： 关系代 先行 词类 在从句中的成分 例句 词 型 who 主语、宾语 The man who lives next door is a doctor. 宾语（常可省略；介 whom 词后必用whom) The woman(whom)you met is my aunt. The boy whose father is a teacher studies 人或 whose 物 定语（表示所属） hard./The house whose roof is red is mine which 物 主语、宾语 The book which I bought yesterday is interesting. 人或 主语、宾语 The girl that is singing is my sister.The that 物 car that he drives is new. 人或 As we all know,the earth is round.Such as 主语、宾语、表语 物 books as are popular sell well. ★注意： that不能用于非限制性定语从句，也不能直接放在介词后（介词后需用 which/whom)。 as常用于such.as,the same..as,as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在句首。 (三)关系副词核心用法 关系副词在从句中充当状语，代替“介词+which"结构。 关系副 在从句中的 词 先行词类型 例句 成分 I still remember the day when we when 时间名词 时间状语 first met. where 地点名词 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 原因名词 why 原因状语 Tell me the reason why you were (reason) late 转换规则：when=on/in which;where=in/at which;why=for which (四)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 类型 功能 标点 关系词限制 对先行词起限定作用，去掉后 不用逗 限制性 可用that 句意不完整 号 非限制 补充说明先行词，去掉后句意 用逗号 不可用that;不可用why;which可 性 仍完整 隔开 指代整个主句 例句： 限制性：The students who work hard will succeed.(限定哪些学生) 非限制性：My brother,.who works in Shanghai,will visit us next week..(补 充说明，非唯一) (五)介词+关系代词 当关系词在从句中作介词宾语时，可将介词提前到关系词前。关系代词用which(指物) 或whom(指人)。 例句： The man to whom you spoke is my teacher.(正式用法) The house in which we live is very old. 易错点：固定动词短语（如look after,take care of,turn on)不可拆分，介词不能提 前。 正：The baby whom she is looking after is cute, 误：The baby after whom she is looking is cute (六)as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 关系 词 位置 含义 例句 句首、句 "正如”，常与know,expect,, As we expected,he won the as 中、句尾 see等连用 game. 只能放在主 “这一点”，指代前面整个主句 He won the game,which which 句后 made us happy. (七)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.关系代词与关系副词的选择 从句缺主语/宾语→填关系代词 从句句子结构完整（缺状语）→填关系副词 例：The factory we visited is big.(visit缺少宾语→填 which/that) 例：The factory he works is big.(he works不缺宾语→填where) 2.只用that不用which的情况 先行词为不定代词：al,much,little,few,none,nothing,everything等 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、the very,the only,the same修饰 先行词既有人又有物 例：This is the best film that I have ever seen. 3.只用which不用that的情况 非限制性定语从句 介词后 先行词本身是that 例：He has two sons,.both of which are teachers.(误，非限制且人用 whom) 4.whose与of which的转换 whose+名词=the+名词+of which/of which+the+名词 The house whose roof is red The house the roof of which is red 5.关系副词与“介词+which"互换 例：I remember the day when/on which we met 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The factory_ we visited last week is the biggest one in our city A.where B.which C.when D.who 2.Do you know the reason he was absent from the meeting? A.which B.that C.why D.for which 3.The girl brother is a famous singer is very talented. A.who B.whom C.whose D.that 4.This is the most interesting book I have ever read. A.that B.which C.what D.who 5.He has two daughters,both of are teachers. A.them B.whom C.who D.that 6.I will never forget the days we spent together in the countryside. A.when B.that C.on which D.where 7. is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month. A.It B.As C.That D.What 8.The house roof is red was built in 1990. A.whose B.which C.of which D.that 9.ls this the museum you visited last year? A.where B.that C.in which D.the one 10.We all like the teacher class is very lively. A.who B.whose C.that D.whom (二)用适当的关系词填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，填入适当的关系词（每空一词）。 1.The book cover is yellow belongs to me. 2.This is the park we often take walks 3.I can't forget the time I first saw you. 4.The man we met at the party is a famous writer. 5.All glitters is not gold. 6.He failed the exam, made his mother very upset. 7.The reason he didn't come is still unknown. 8.1 have a friend father is a pilot. (三)篇章语法填空（12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的关系词（每空一词）。 Last week,I visited a small town I spent my childhood.The house I used to live in is still there.The old tree branches were full of fruit has been cut down.I met my primary school teacher, namel still remember.She told me many stories happened in the past.One of the most unforgettable moments was the day we had a picnic together. The reason_ __I love this town is that it holds so many memories.There is a river water is very clean.The bridge was built many years ago is still in use.I also saw a house walls were covered with beautiful paintings.All these things, are part of my life,make me feel warm.I hope to come back again, I am always welcome. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.B;2.C;3.C;4.A;5.B;6.B;7.B;8.A;9.B;10.B (二)用适 当的关系词 1.whose 2.where 3.when 4.whom/who/that 5.that 6.which 填空 7.why 8.whose (三)篇章 1.where 2.which/that 3.whose 4.whose 5.that/which 6.when 语法填空 7.why 8.whose 9.which/that 10.whose 11.which 12.where