内容正文:
专题01【语境串考点】第一单元备考学案(译林版2019)
高考高频知识点:harm / ecosystem / species / wildlife / habitat /
survive / extinction / climate / global / impact / damage / consequence
(知识点来源:必修第三册 Unit 1 · Nature in the balance + 高考高频知识点)
学校:____________________ 姓名:____________________ 班级:__________ 座号:__________
目录
Part 1 语境串记语篇 1
【英文语篇】 1
【中文译文】 1
Part 2 知识点列表 2
Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2
Part 4 词性变化总表 8
Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9
【练习题】 9
Part 6 知识点默写:根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10
【练习题】 10
Part 7 关联阅读 10
Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 11
Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11
Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12
Part 1 语境串记语篇
【英文语篇】
Our planet is a living whole in which every species has its own place. Forests give us clean air, rich soil and a safe habitat for wildlife. Yet human activity has done great harm to this balance. Farming, mining and heavy traffic damage the land, and dirty air slowly changes the climate year after year.
The impact is easy to see. Longer droughts and hotter summers are now a global problem, and many plants and animals can no longer survive. Some rare ones are close to extinction. If one link in an ecosystem breaks, the consequence will reach every one of us in the end.
【中文译文】
我们的星球是一个有生命的整体,其中每一个(species)物种都有自己的位置。森林给我们洁净的空气、肥沃的土壤,也给(wildlife)野生动植物一处安全的(habitat)栖息地。然而人类活动却对这份平衡造成了巨大的(harm)伤害。耕作、采矿和繁重的交通(damage)损坏着土地,污浊的空气也年复一年地改变着(climate)气候。
这种(impact)影响显而易见。更长的干旱和更热的夏天如今已是一个(global)全球性的问题,许多动植物再也无法(survive)存活。一些珍稀物种已濒临(extinction)灭绝。一旦(ecosystem)生态系统中的某一环断裂,最终其(consequence)后果会波及我们每一个人。
💡 语境串联记忆线索:物种各有其位→森林即栖息地→野生动植物安居→人类造成伤害→土地遭到损坏→气候随之改变→影响清晰可见→干旱成全球难题→生物难以存活→珍稀濒临灭绝→生态一环断裂→后果人人承担
记忆链:species → habitat → wildlife → harm → damage → climate → impact → global → survive → extinction → ecosystem → consequence
Part 2 知识点列表
序号
知识点
音标
词性 + 释义 + 高考考点
1
harm
/hɑːm/
n. 伤害;损害 vt. 伤害;危害 ⚡考点:do harm to = do sb. harm;come to harm 受到伤害;harmful adj. 有害的(be harmful to);harmless adj. 无害的
2
ecosystem
/ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/
n. 生态系统 ⚡考点:a fragile ecosystem 脆弱的生态系统;the balance of the ecosystem 生态平衡;ecology n. 生态学;ecological adj. 生态的
3
species
/ˈspiːʃiːz/
n. 物种;种类(单复数同形)⚡考点:an endangered species 濒危物种;a species of 一种…;谓语随实际数变化;specific adj. 具体的
4
wildlife
/ˈwaɪldlaɪf/
n. 野生动植物(不可数)⚡考点:protect wildlife;wildlife conservation 野生动植物保护;a wildlife reserve 保护区;wild adj. 野生的
5
habitat
/ˈhæbɪtæt/
n. 栖息地;生长环境 ⚡考点:natural habitat 自然栖息地;habitat loss 栖息地丧失;inhabit vt. 居住于(及物);inhabitant n. 居民
6
survive
/səˈvaɪv/
vi. 幸存 vt. 比…活得长;经受住 ⚡考点:survive the earthquake(及物,不加in/from);survive on 靠…生存;survival n. 生存;survivor n. 幸存者
7
extinction
/ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/
n. 灭绝;消亡 ⚡考点:be in danger of extinction 濒临灭绝;face extinction;extinct adj. 灭绝的(go extinct);extinguish vt. 扑灭
8
climate
/ˈklaɪmət/
n. 气候;风气;氛围 ⚡考点:climate change 气候变化;fight climate change 应对气候变化;the economic climate 经济形势;climatic adj. 气候的
9
global
/ˈɡləʊbl/
adj. 全球的;全面的 ⚡考点:global warming 全球变暖;on a global scale 在全球范围内;globe n. 地球(around the globe);globally adv. 全球地
10
impact
/ˈɪmpækt/ n. /ɪmˈpækt/ v.
n. 影响;冲击 v. 影响 ⚡考点:have a great impact on(介词on);the impact of A on B;名前动后重音变化;impact on 影响
11
damage
/ˈdæmɪdʒ/
n. 损害(不可数)vt. 损坏 ⚡考点:do damage to;不可说a damage;damages(复数)赔偿金;damaging adj. 有害的;辨析damage/destroy/ruin
12
consequence
/ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/
n. 后果;结果;重要性 ⚡考点:as a consequence of 由于;face the consequences 承担后果;consequently adv. 因此;of great consequence 重要的
Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点
1. harm /hɑːm/ n. 伤害;损害 vt. 伤害;危害
【核心考点】 harm作名词时为不可数名词,不能说a harm,这是高考经典易错点。核心搭配do harm to sb./sth. = do sb./sth. harm(对…有害)、cause great harm to(对…造成巨大伤害)、come to harm(受到伤害)、out of harm's way(在安全的地方)、There is no harm in doing sth. = It does no harm to do sth.(做某事无妨)。形容词harmful adj.(有害的)→ be harmful to;harmless adj.(无害的)→ be harmless to;副词harmfully adv.。辨析:harm(对健康、生命、环境造成的实际伤害,多用于抽象整体)vs damage(对物体或财产造成的、通常可修复的损坏)vs injure(人身受伤,多指事故)vs hurt(肉体或感情上受伤)vs destroy(彻底摧毁,不可复原)。
【词根联想】 源自古英语hearm"痛苦;伤害",与德语Harm同源→ 使身心受损→ 伤害。联想:harm(伤害)→ harmful(有害的)→ harmless(无害的)→ harmfully(有害地);注意与harmony(和谐,源自希腊语harmonia"契合")形近而义反,一"害"一"和",恰好构成本单元Nature in the balance的正反两极,最便于对比记忆。
【真题原句】
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·harmful表"有害的")"Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria?"(为什么某些植物能够捕获有害细菌?)(真题原句·harm 形容词harmful 有害的)
【搭配词块】 do harm to 对…有害 / come to harm 受到伤害 / harmful adj. 有害的 / be harmful to 对…有害
2. ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ n. 生态系统
【核心考点】 ecosystem是"人与自然"主题的第一高频名词,可数。高频搭配:a fragile/delicate ecosystem(脆弱的生态系统)、a forest/marine/desert ecosystem、protect/restore/destroy an ecosystem、the balance of the ecosystem(生态平衡)、upset/disturb the ecosystem(打破生态系统)。同族词:ecology n.(生态;生态学);ecological adj.(生态的)→ ecological balance/protection;ecologist n.(生态学家);eco-friendly adj.(生态友好的;环保的)。辨析:ecosystem(由所有生物与其无机环境共同构成的整体系统,强调"相互依存")vs environment(环境,泛指周围的一切条件)vs habitat(某一具体物种赖以生存的栖息地)vs surroundings(周围环境,多指地点)。
【词根联想】 eco-(希腊语oikos"家;居所")+ system(系统)→ 所有生物共同的"家"所构成的整体系统→ 生态系统。联想:eco-"家"→ economy(经济→管家之道)、economic(经济的)、ecology(生态学→研究"家"的学问)、eco-friendly(环保的)、ecosystem(生态系统)。
【真题原句】
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·ecosystem表"生态系统")"Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem."(渐渐地,这些不同的生命彼此适应,形成了它们自己的生态系统。)(真题原句·ecosystem 生态系统)
【搭配词块】 a fragile ecosystem 脆弱的生态系统 / the balance of the ecosystem 生态平衡 / ecology n. 生态学 / ecological adj. 生态的
3. species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ n. 物种;种类(单复数同形)
【核心考点】 species单复数同形,既可指一个物种也可指多个物种,谓语动词随实际意义变化——This species is rare. / These species are rare.,这是高考语法填空与阅读的经典设陷点。高频搭配:an endangered species(濒危物种)、a rare/native/invasive species(珍稀/本土/入侵物种)、a species of bird(一种鸟)、the Endangered Species Act(濒危物种法)、species diversity(物种多样性)。同族词:specific adj.(具体的;特定的);specialize v.(专门研究);specimen n.(标本)。辨析:species(生物分类学上的"种",科学用语)vs kind/sort/type(泛指种类,口语常用)vs variety(同一物种下的变种,或泛指"多样性、种类")vs breed((家畜、作物的)品种)。
【词根联想】 源自拉丁语species"外观;种类"(动词specere"看")→ 依据外观所区分出来的类别→ 物种。联想:spec/spic"看"→ inspect(检查→往里看)、spectator(观众→观看者)、spectacular(壮观的)、specimen(标本→供人观看之物)、respect(尊重→回头看)、species(物种)。
【真题原句】
(2023·全国甲卷·阅读D·Species表"物种")"In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act."(1975年,灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》。)(真题原句·species 物种)
【搭配词块】 an endangered species 濒危物种 / a species of 一种… / species diversity 物种多样性 / specific adj. 具体的
4. wildlife /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ n. 野生动植物(不可数)
【核心考点】 wildlife是集合性不可数名词,前面不加a、也不加复数-s,作主语时谓语用单数,这是高考写作与语法填空的高频易错点。核心搭配:protect/conserve/save wildlife(保护野生动植物)、wildlife conservation/protection(野生动植物保护)、a wildlife reserve/sanctuary/park(野生动物保护区/园)、wildlife habitat(野生动植物栖息地)、threaten wildlife(威胁野生动植物)。同族词:wild adj.(野生的;荒芜的)→ in the wild(在野外);wilderness n.(荒野);wildly adv.(疯狂地;极其)。辨析:wildlife(野生动植物的总称,不可数)vs animal(单个动物,可数)vs creature(生物;动物,可数,带感情色彩)vs livestock(家畜,不可数)。
【词根联想】 wild(野生的)+ life(生命)→ 野生的生命总和→ 野生动植物。联想:合成词构词法是本单元识记捷径→ wildlife(野生动植物)、wildfire(野火)、wildflower(野花)、lifestyle(生活方式)、lifetime(一生)、livestock(家畜)、greenhouse(温室)。
【真题原句】
(2023·全国甲卷·阅读D·Wildlife表"野生动植物")"The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections."(美国鱼类和野生动植物管理局曾两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名,这会放松对它们的法律保护。)(真题原句·wildlife 野生动植物)
【搭配词块】 protect wildlife 保护野生动植物 / wildlife conservation 野生动植物保护 / a wildlife reserve 野生动物保护区 / in the wild 在野外
5. habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ n.(动植物的)栖息地;生长环境
【核心考点】 habitat为可数名词,指某一物种赖以生存的自然环境。高频搭配:natural habitat(自然栖息地)、habitat loss/destruction(栖息地丧失/破坏)、restore/protect/destroy a habitat、be driven out of one's habitat(被逐出栖息地)、a habitat for birds。同族词:inhabit vt.(居住于;栖息于,及物动词,后面直接跟地点,不加in,高考易错);inhabitant n.(居民;栖息动物);habitable adj.(适宜居住的)。辨析:habitat(生物学意义上的栖息地)vs environment(环境,涵盖面更广)vs home(家,可用于人和动物,口语化)vs residence(住所,正式,仅用于人)。特别提醒:habit(习惯)与habitat(栖息地)形近义远,是阅读与完形的经典干扰项。
【词根联想】 源自拉丁语habitare"居住"(由habere"持有"演变而来)→ 生物所持有并居住的那片地方→ 栖息地。联想:habit"住;持有"→ inhabit(居住于)、inhabitant(居民)、habitat(栖息地)、habitual(习惯性的)、habit(习惯→在心里"住下来"的行为)。
【真题原句】
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·Habitat表"栖息地")"Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species."(栖息地修复队的志愿者在修复脆弱资源、保护濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。)(真题原句·habitat 栖息地)
【搭配词块】 natural habitat 自然栖息地 / habitat loss 栖息地丧失 / inhabit vt. 居住于 / inhabitant n. 居民
6. survive /səˈvaɪv/ vi. 幸存;活下来 vt. 比…活得长;经受住
【核心考点】 survive既可作不及物动词也可作及物动词,作及物动词时后面直接跟宾语,绝不能加in或from——survive the earthquake(在地震中幸存)是高考经典易错点。其他搭配:survive on sth.(靠…维持生存);survive sb. by ... years(比某人多活…年);manage to survive(勉强活下来)。名词survival n.(生存;幸存)→ the survival of the fittest(适者生存)、a struggle for survival(生存斗争)、the survival rate(存活率);survivor n.(幸存者);surviving adj.(尚存的)。辨析:survive(在灾难或恶劣条件下存活下来,强调"挺过")vs live(居住;生活)vs exist(存在;勉强度日)vs remain(保持;剩下)。
【词根联想】 sur-(超过,over)+ vivere(拉丁语"生活;活着,live")→ 活得超过了灾难或他人→ 幸存。联想:viv/vit"生命"→ survive(幸存)、revive(复苏;恢复)、vivid(生动的→有生命力的)、vital(至关重要的;有生命的)、vitamin(维生素)、survival(生存)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:survive vt. 比…活得长;经受住(危机、考验)。熟义"幸存"之外,survive可直接接宾语,表示"比…活得久"或"挺过某段艰难时期",如She survived her husband by ten years(她比丈夫多活了十年)、The old company survived the crisis(这家老公司挺过了这场危机)。此义在人物传记与经济类阅读中出现频率很高。
【经典原句】
(经典原句)"Few young trees can survive after the soil has been washed away by heavy rain."(在土壤被暴雨冲走之后,几乎没有幼树能够存活下来。)(经典原句·survive 幸存)
【搭配词块】 survive the disaster 在灾难中幸存 / survive on 靠…生存 / survival n. 生存 / the survival of the fittest 适者生存
7. extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ n. 灭绝;消亡;熄灭
【核心考点】 extinction为不可数名词,是环保话题写作的高分词。高频搭配:be in danger of extinction(濒临灭绝)、face extinction(面临灭绝)、be on the verge/brink of extinction(濒临灭绝的边缘)、save sth. from extinction(使…免于灭绝)、drive/hunt a species to extinction(使某物种灭绝)、mass extinction(大灭绝)。形容词extinct adj.(灭绝的;已不活动的)→ become/go extinct(灭绝)、an extinct volcano(死火山);动词extinguish vt.(熄灭;扑灭)→ a fire extinguisher(灭火器)。辨析:extinction(整个物种彻底消亡,不可逆)vs disappearance(消失,可能只是暂时不见)vs death(个体的死亡)vs loss(丧失;损失)。
【词根联想】 ex-(出,向外)+ stinguere(拉丁语"熄灭;刺")+ -tion(名词后缀)→ 火被彻底扑灭、一点不剩→ 灭绝。联想:stinct/stingu"刺;熄"→ extinguish(扑灭)、extinct(灭绝的)、distinct(截然不同的→被刺开区分)、distinguish(区分)、instinct(本能→内心受刺激的反应)、extinction(灭绝)。
【真题原句】
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·extinct表"灭绝的")"In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records."(为了赶在地球上的物种灭绝之前把它们记录下来,研究人员和公民科学家已收集了数十亿条记录。)(真题原句·extinction 形容词extinct 灭绝的)
【搭配词块】 be in danger of extinction 濒临灭绝 / face extinction 面临灭绝 / extinct adj. 灭绝的 / go extinct 灭绝
8. climate /ˈklaɪmət/ n. 气候;气候带;风气;氛围
【核心考点】 climate指某地区长期的气候状况,与weather(某时某地的短期天气)相对,是"人与自然"主题的第一高频名词。高频搭配:climate change(气候变化)、global climate(全球气候)、fight/tackle/combat climate change(应对气候变化)、the climate crisis(气候危机)、a mild/dry/tropical climate(温和/干燥/热带气候)、adapt to the climate。形容词climatic adj.(气候的)→ climatic conditions;climatology n.(气候学)。辨析:climate(长期气候,宏观)vs weather(具体天气,不可数)vs temperature(温度)vs season(季节)vs atmosphere(大气;气氛)。
【词根联想】 源自希腊语klima"地球表面的倾斜(度);地带"(动词klinein"倾斜")→ 因纬度倾斜不同而形成的地带气候→ 气候。联想:clin/cline"倾斜"→ incline(倾向;使倾斜)、decline(下降;婉言谢绝)、recline(斜倚)、climate(气候);由"倾斜"到"气候带"的语义链条便于长时记忆。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:climate n. 风气;氛围;(政治、经济)形势。熟义"气候"之外,climate常比喻社会环境,如the economic climate(经济形势)、a climate of fear(恐惧的氛围)、the political climate(政治气候)、a climate of opinion(舆论风向)。此义在议论文与新闻类阅读中极为常见。
【真题原句】
(2023·天津卷·单项填空·第12题·climate change表"气候变化")"China is a shining example for the global community to follow in terms of developing green industry to fight climate change."(在发展绿色产业以应对气候变化方面,中国是国际社会效仿的光辉榜样。)(真题原句·climate 气候)
【搭配词块】 climate change 气候变化 / fight climate change 应对气候变化 / the economic climate 经济形势 / climatic adj. 气候的
9. global /ˈɡləʊbl/ adj. 全球的;全世界的;全面的
【核心考点】 global是环境、经济与科技类语篇的高频形容词。核心搭配:global warming(全球变暖)、global climate change(全球气候变化)、the global community(国际社会)、a global issue/problem/challenge(全球性问题)、on a global scale(在全球范围内)、the global village(地球村)。名词globe n.(地球;地球仪)→ around/across the globe(全世界);副词globally adv.(在全球范围内);globalization n.(全球化)。辨析:global(全球的,强调覆盖整个地球)vs international(国际的,指国与国之间的)vs worldwide(adj./adv. 遍及全球的/地)vs universal(普遍的;宇宙的)vs overall(总体的)。
【词根联想】 globe(球体;地球,源自拉丁语globus"球")+ -al(形容词后缀)→ 与整个地球有关的→ 全球的。联想:glob"球"→ globe(地球)、global(全球的)、globally(全球地)、globalization(全球化)、globalize(使全球化);本单元同类合成与派生:greenhouse(温室)→ the greenhouse effect(温室效应)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:global adj. 全面的;整体的;全局的。熟义"全球的"之外,global还可表示"总体、全局",如a global view of the problem(对问题的整体看法)、a global search(全局搜索)、a global assessment(综合评估)。此义在科技与管理类语篇中较常见。
【真题原句】
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·global表"全球的")"Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns."(借助一个包含19亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全球数据集,Daru及其团队检验了这些数据在多大程度上能代表真实的全球生物多样性格局。)(真题原句·global 全球的)
【搭配词块】 global warming 全球变暖 / on a global scale 在全球范围内 / globe n. 地球 / globally adv. 全球地
10. impact /ˈɪmpækt/ n. /ɪmˈpækt/ v. n. 影响;冲击(力)v. 影响;冲击
【核心考点】 impact作名词时重音在前(/ˈɪmpækt/),作动词时重音在后(/ɪmˈpækt/),是高考语法填空与读后续写的双高频词。核心搭配:have/make a great impact on sb./sth.(对…产生巨大影响,介词只能用on,不能用to);the impact of A on B;under the impact of(在…冲击下);作动词时可说impact on sth.(不及物)或impact sth.(及物,较正式)。同族词:impactful adj.(有影响力的)。辨析:impact(力度大、常带冲击性的影响,多用于重大事物或政策)vs influence(潜移默化的影响,可用于人)vs effect(结果性的影响,have an effect on)vs affect(动词"影响",及物,后面不加on)——affect/effect的词性区分是高考经典易混点。
【词根联想】 im-(in-"进入",在p前同化为im-)+ pact(拉丁语pangere"打入;使固定"的过去分词pactus)→ 猛地撞进去→ 冲击;由物理冲击引申为抽象"影响"。联想:pact"打入;约定"→ pact(协定→敲定的约定)、compact(紧凑的→压实在一起)、impact(冲击;影响)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:impact n. 撞击;碰撞(力)。熟义"影响"之外,impact的本义是物理层面的"撞击",如the impact of the crash(撞车的冲击力)、on impact(一撞上就)、an impact crater(陨石撞击坑)、impact resistance(抗冲击性)。此义常见于科普说明文。
【经典原句】
(经典原句)"Cutting down the rainforest has a direct impact on the global climate."(砍伐雨林会对全球气候产生直接影响。)(经典原句·impact 影响)
【搭配词块】 have an impact on 对…产生影响 / the impact of 的影响 / under the impact of 在…冲击下 / impact on 影响
11. damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ n. 损害;损失(不可数)vt. 损害;毁坏
【核心考点】 damage作名词时为不可数名词,不能说a damage,但可用much/great/serious/severe damage修饰,这是高考经典易错点。核心搭配:do/cause damage to sth.(对…造成损坏)、serious/permanent/lasting damage、brain damage(脑损伤)、repair the damage(修复损坏);作动词时damage one's health/reputation/the environment。形容词damaging adj.(有害的)→ be damaging to;damaged adj.(受损的)。辨析:damage(对物体或抽象名誉造成的、通常可修复的损坏)vs destroy(彻底摧毁,无法复原)vs harm(对健康、生命、环境造成的伤害)vs ruin(毁掉计划、前途、生活)vs injure(人身受伤)。
【词根联想】 源自拉丁语damnum"损失;罚金",经古法语damage"造成损失之事"进入英语→ 损害。联想:damn/demn"损失;判罚"→ condemn(谴责→共同判定其有过)、damn(诅咒)、indemnity(赔偿金)、damage(损害);由"罚金"义可自然衔接其复数damages"损害赔偿金"。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:damages n.(复数形式)损害赔偿金。熟义作不可数名词"损坏"之外,damage的复数形式在法律语境中专指"赔偿金",如claim damages(索赔)、pay damages(支付赔偿金)、be awarded damages(获判赔偿)。单复数异义是本词最典型的考点。
【经典原句】
(经典原句)"Heavy rain and strong winds damaged hundreds of young trees in the nature reserve."(暴雨和大风损毁了自然保护区里数百棵幼树。)(经典原句·damage 损坏)
【搭配词块】 do damage to 对…造成损害 / cause serious damage 造成严重损失 / damage the environment 破坏环境 / damaging adj. 有害的
12. consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ n. 后果;结果;重要性
【核心考点】 consequence多指(尤其是不好的)后果,是议论文写作的高分词。核心搭配:as a consequence (of)(作为…的结果;由于)、in consequence(因此)、face/suffer/bear/take the consequences(承担后果)、with serious consequences(后果严重);表"重要性"时用of great/little/no consequence(重要的/无关紧要的)。副词consequently adv.(因此,写作高频连接词,可与as a result互换);形容词consequent adj.(随之发生的)。辨析:consequence(多为负面的后果,强调因果链条)vs result(结果,中性、最通用)vs outcome(过程或竞争的最终结果)vs effect(对某物产生的影响、效果)vs aftermath(灾难后的余波)。
【词根联想】 con-(一起,共同)+ sequi(拉丁语"跟随,follow")+ -ence(名词后缀)→ 紧跟着某事一起发生的东西→ 结果;后果。联想:sequ/secu"跟随"→ sequence(顺序;一连串)、subsequent(随后的)、consecutive(连续的)、consequently(因此)、pursue(追求→一路跟随)、consequence(后果)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:consequence n. 重要性;重大意义。熟义"后果"之外,consequence在较正式的语体中可表"重要性",如a matter of great consequence(一件大事)、of no consequence(无关紧要)、a person of consequence(重要人物)。此义在文学作品与议论文阅读中偶有出现,易被误解为"后果"。
【真题原句】
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读B·第25题题干·consequence表"后果")"What is a consequence of food waste according to the text?"(根据本文,食物浪费会带来什么后果?)(真题原句·consequence 后果)
【搭配词块】 as a consequence of 由于 / face the consequences 承担后果 / consequently adv. 因此 / of great consequence 重要的
Part 4 词性变化总表
原词
派生词1
派生词2
派生词3
核心搭配
harm
harmful (adj.)
harmless (adj.)
harmfully (adv.)
do harm to / be harmful to
ecosystem
ecology (n.)
ecological (adj.)
ecologist (n.)
a fragile ecosystem / ecological balance
species
specific (adj.)
specimen (n.)
specialize (v.)
an endangered species / a species of
wildlife
wild (adj.)
wilderness (n.)
wildly (adv.)
protect wildlife / in the wild
habitat
inhabit (v.)
inhabitant (n.)
habitable (adj.)
natural habitat / habitat loss
survive
survival (n.)
survivor (n.)
surviving (adj.)
survive the flood / struggle for survival
extinction
extinct (adj.)
extinguish (v.)
extinguisher (n.)
face extinction / go extinct
climate
climatic (adj.)
climatology (n.)
---
climate change / the economic climate
global
globe (n.)
globally (adv.)
globalization (n.)
global warming / around the globe
impact
impactful (adj.)
impacted (v.)
---
have an impact on / the impact of
damage
damaging (adj.)
damaged (adj.)
damages (n. 赔偿金)
do damage to / damage the environment
consequence
consequently (adv.)
consequent (adj.)
---
as a consequence of / face the consequences
Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空
【练习题】
1.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·改编)Researchers are racing to document the species on Earth before they go __________ (extinction).
2.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·改编)The volunteers work hard to restore the natural __________ (habitat) of many endangered birds and insects.
3.(2023新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编)John wondered why certain plants are able to trap __________ (harm) bacteria in a dirty stream.
4.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读B·改编)Food waste brings a series of serious __________ (consequently) that no country can afford to ignore.
5.(2023天津卷·单项填空·改编)Green industry is developing fast in communities right around the __________ (global).
6.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·改编)Digital records are useful for detecting shifts in the number and __________ (various) of species in an area.
7.(2026山东济南•模拟)Clean water and fresh air are the basic conditions for the __________ (survive) of every living thing.
8.(2026广东广州•模拟)Farmers here have to deal with the __________ (climate) conditions that keep changing every year.
9.(2026浙江杭州•模拟)Burning coal for heating is extremely __________ (damage) to the air of the whole city.
10.(2026江苏南京•模拟)The building of the new dam will greatly __________ (impacted) the life of the fish in this river.
11.(2026四川成都•模拟)About sixty percent of the paper used in our school is __________ (recycle) every single month.
12.(2026河南郑州•模拟)The sudden __________ (disappear) of the frogs in this pond worried the local scientists a lot.
13.(2026湖北武汉•模拟)Once a single link is broken, the whole forest __________ (ecosystems) may slowly fall apart.
14.(2026福建福州•模拟)The new washing powder is said to be completely __________ (harmful) to rivers and lakes.
15.(2026湖南长沙•模拟)Hunting and habitat loss have driven quite a few rare animals to __________ (extinct).
Part 6 知识点默写:根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇
【练习题】
我们的星球是一个有生命的整体,其中每一个__________(物种)都有自己的位置。森林给我们洁净的空气与肥沃的土壤,也给__________(野生动植物)一处安全的__________(栖息地)。
然而人类活动却对这份平衡造成了巨大的__________(伤害)。耕作、采矿和繁重的交通__________(损坏)着土地,污浊的空气也年复一年地改变着__________(气候)。
这种__________(影响)显而易见:更长的干旱和更热的夏天已成为一个__________(全球性的)问题,许多动植物再也无法__________(存活),一些珍稀物种濒临__________(灭绝)。一旦__________(生态系统)中的某一环断裂,最终其__________(后果)会波及我们每一个人。
Part 7 关联阅读
The Amazon rainforest is often called the lungs of our planet. It covers more than five million square kilometres and shelters about ten percent of all the species known to science. Under its towering trees live jaguars, frogs, insects and countless plants that grow nowhere else on Earth. For thousands of years this rich habitat stayed in balance. Trees take in carbon and give out oxygen, dead leaves break down into nutrients, and the whole ecosystem feeds itself without any help from human hands.
That balance is now in danger. Every year large areas of forest are cut down for farming and cattle, and the damage is not easy to repair. When the trees disappear, the soil is washed away by rain and few young plants can survive. Scientists warn that the loss of forest also has a direct impact on the global climate, because burning and cutting release the carbon that the trees have stored for centuries. Several rare animals have already been driven towards extinction.
The harm does not stop at the edge of the forest. A weaker Amazon means less rain for farms thousands of kilometres away and hotter summers for cities on other continents. One serious consequence is that food prices rise while harvests fall. Wildlife experts point out that once a species is gone, no money and no technology can ever bring it back. Every plant that disappears takes with it a piece of information about how life on this planet actually works.
The good news is that people are acting. Governments have set up protected areas, and local residents are now paid to guard the forest instead of clearing it. Companies recycle paper and wood so that fewer trees are needed, and young volunteers plant native seedlings and record what they see, so that scientists can follow how the ecosystem slowly recovers. None of this is easy and progress is far from fast, but every hectare saved is a real victory. The balance of nature is not something we simply inherit; it is something we must choose to protect.
1. What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us about the Amazon rainforest?
A. It produces most of the oxygen that human beings use every year.
B. It is a huge and self-supporting home for a great number of species.
C. It has been carefully protected by scientists for thousands of years.
D. It is the only place on Earth where jaguars and frogs can be found.
2. Why is it hard for young plants to grow after the trees are cut down?
A. The soil is washed away by the rain.
B. The insects in the forest eat up the seeds.
C. Farmers keep far too many cattle on the land.
D. The air becomes too dry for the seeds to open.
3. What does the author want to show in paragraph 3?
A. Food prices will fall once the rainforest is protected.
B. Wildlife experts have found a way to bring back lost species.
C. Cities on other continents are becoming cooler than before.
D. The loss of the forest also affects people living far away.
4. What is the author's attitude towards the efforts in the last paragraph?
A. Doubtful.
B. Uninterested.
C. Hopeful but realistic.
D. Regretful.
📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇:harm, ecosystem, species, wildlife, habitat, survive, extinction, climate, global, impact, damage, consequence
Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉
请根据英文写出对应汉语释义:
2
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. harm — __________
2. ecosystem — __________
3. species — __________
4. wildlife — __________
5. habitat — __________
6. survive — __________
7. extinction — __________
8. climate — __________
9. global — __________
10. impact — __________
11. damage — __________
12. consequence — __________
13. harmful — __________
14. survival — __________
15. extinct — __________
16. inhabitant — __________
17. consequently — __________
18. ecological — __________
19. do harm to — __________
20. have an impact on — __________
Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级
同义转换:用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词,提升写作表达:
1. Cutting down large areas of forest hurts the balance of nature badly.
→ Cutting down large areas of forest __________ the balance of nature badly.
2. Heavy rain and strong winds broke hundreds of young trees in the park.
→ Heavy rain and strong winds __________ hundreds of young trees in the park.
3. Few small animals can stay alive after their forest home is cut down.
→ Few small animals can __________ after their forest home is cut down.
4. Many rare birds in this valley are close to dying out completely.
→ Many rare birds in this valley are close to __________.
5. Rising temperatures are now a worldwide problem that no country can ignore.
→ Rising temperatures are now a __________ problem that no country can ignore.
6. The new chemical factory has a strong influence on the local river.
→ The new chemical factory has a strong __________ on the local river.
7. The changing weather conditions bring longer droughts to this dry area.
→ The changing __________ brings longer droughts to this dry area.
8. These wetlands are the natural living place of thousands of water birds.
→ These wetlands are the natural __________ of thousands of water birds.
9. Nobody can predict the final result of cutting down the whole forest.
→ Nobody can predict the final __________ of cutting down the whole forest.
10. Scientists are studying how this community of living things feeds itself.
→ Scientists are studying how this __________ feeds itself.
11. The park was set up to protect wild animals and plants in this valley.
→ The park was set up to protect __________ in this valley.
12. More than two hundred kinds of animals live in this small forest area.
→ More than two hundred __________ of animals live in this small forest area.
Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测
遮挡提示,尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链:
记忆链:species → habitat → wildlife → harm → damage → climate → impact → global → survive → extinction → ecosystem → consequence
复述模板(填空):
我们的星球是一个有生命的整体,每一个__________(物种)都有自己的位置,森林为__________(野生动植物)提供了安全的__________(栖息地)。
然而人类活动对这份平衡造成了巨大的__________(伤害):耕作与交通__________(损坏)着土地,污浊的空气改变着__________(气候)。
这种__________(影响)已成为一个__________(全球性的)问题,许多动植物无法__________(存活),珍稀物种濒临__________(灭绝);一旦__________(生态系统)的某一环断裂,其__________(后果)终将波及每一个人。
你的复述:
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
$
专题01【语境串考点】第一单元备考学案(译林版2019)
高考高频知识点:harm / ecosystem / species / wildlife / habitat /
survive / extinction / climate / global / impact / damage / consequence
(知识点来源:必修第三册 Unit 1 · Nature in the balance + 高考高频知识点)
学校:____________________ 姓名:____________________ 班级:__________ 座号:__________
目录
Part 1 语境串记语篇 1
【英文语篇】 1
【中文译文】 1
Part 2 知识点列表 2
Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2
Part 4 词性变化总表 8
Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9
【练习题】 9
Part 6 知识点默写:根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10
【练习题】 10
Part 7 关联阅读 10
Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 12
Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 13
Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 13
Part 1 语境串记语篇
【英文语篇】
Our planet is a living whole in which every species has its own place. Forests give us clean air, rich soil and a safe habitat for wildlife. Yet human activity has done great harm to this balance. Farming, mining and heavy traffic damage the land, and dirty air slowly changes the climate year after year.
The impact is easy to see. Longer droughts and hotter summers are now a global problem, and many plants and animals can no longer survive. Some rare ones are close to extinction. If one link in an ecosystem breaks, the consequence will reach every one of us in the end.
【中文译文】
我们的星球是一个有生命的整体,其中每一个(species)物种都有自己的位置。森林给我们洁净的空气、肥沃的土壤,也给(wildlife)野生动植物一处安全的(habitat)栖息地。然而人类活动却对这份平衡造成了巨大的(harm)伤害。耕作、采矿和繁重的交通(damage)损坏着土地,污浊的空气也年复一年地改变着(climate)气候。
这种(impact)影响显而易见。更长的干旱和更热的夏天如今已是一个(global)全球性的问题,许多动植物再也无法(survive)存活。一些珍稀物种已濒临(extinction)灭绝。一旦(ecosystem)生态系统中的某一环断裂,最终其(consequence)后果会波及我们每一个人。
💡 语境串联记忆线索:物种各有其位→森林即栖息地→野生动植物安居→人类造成伤害→土地遭到损坏→气候随之改变→影响清晰可见→干旱成全球难题→生物难以存活→珍稀濒临灭绝→生态一环断裂→后果人人承担
记忆链:species → habitat → wildlife → harm → damage → climate → impact → global → survive → extinction → ecosystem → consequence
Part 2 知识点列表
序号
知识点
音标
词性 + 释义 + 高考考点
1
harm
/hɑːm/
n. 伤害;损害 vt. 伤害;危害 ⚡考点:do harm to = do sb. harm;come to harm 受到伤害;harmful adj. 有害的(be harmful to);harmless adj. 无害的
2
ecosystem
/ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/
n. 生态系统 ⚡考点:a fragile ecosystem 脆弱的生态系统;the balance of the ecosystem 生态平衡;ecology n. 生态学;ecological adj. 生态的
3
species
/ˈspiːʃiːz/
n. 物种;种类(单复数同形)⚡考点:an endangered species 濒危物种;a species of 一种…;谓语随实际数变化;specific adj. 具体的
4
wildlife
/ˈwaɪldlaɪf/
n. 野生动植物(不可数)⚡考点:protect wildlife;wildlife conservation 野生动植物保护;a wildlife reserve 保护区;wild adj. 野生的
5
habitat
/ˈhæbɪtæt/
n. 栖息地;生长环境 ⚡考点:natural habitat 自然栖息地;habitat loss 栖息地丧失;inhabit vt. 居住于(及物);inhabitant n. 居民
6
survive
/səˈvaɪv/
vi. 幸存 vt. 比…活得长;经受住 ⚡考点:survive the earthquake(及物,不加in/from);survive on 靠…生存;survival n. 生存;survivor n. 幸存者
7
extinction
/ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/
n. 灭绝;消亡 ⚡考点:be in danger of extinction 濒临灭绝;face extinction;extinct adj. 灭绝的(go extinct);extinguish vt. 扑灭
8
climate
/ˈklaɪmət/
n. 气候;风气;氛围 ⚡考点:climate change 气候变化;fight climate change 应对气候变化;the economic climate 经济形势;climatic adj. 气候的
9
global
/ˈɡləʊbl/
adj. 全球的;全面的 ⚡考点:global warming 全球变暖;on a global scale 在全球范围内;globe n. 地球(around the globe);globally adv. 全球地
10
impact
/ˈɪmpækt/ n. /ɪmˈpækt/ v.
n. 影响;冲击 v. 影响 ⚡考点:have a great impact on(介词on);the impact of A on B;名前动后重音变化;impact on 影响
11
damage
/ˈdæmɪdʒ/
n. 损害(不可数)vt. 损坏 ⚡考点:do damage to;不可说a damage;damages(复数)赔偿金;damaging adj. 有害的;辨析damage/destroy/ruin
12
consequence
/ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/
n. 后果;结果;重要性 ⚡考点:as a consequence of 由于;face the consequences 承担后果;consequently adv. 因此;of great consequence 重要的
Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点
1. harm /hɑːm/ n. 伤害;损害 vt. 伤害;危害
【核心考点】 harm作名词时为不可数名词,不能说a harm,这是高考经典易错点。核心搭配do harm to sb./sth. = do sb./sth. harm(对…有害)、cause great harm to(对…造成巨大伤害)、come to harm(受到伤害)、out of harm's way(在安全的地方)、There is no harm in doing sth. = It does no harm to do sth.(做某事无妨)。形容词harmful adj.(有害的)→ be harmful to;harmless adj.(无害的)→ be harmless to;副词harmfully adv.。辨析:harm(对健康、生命、环境造成的实际伤害,多用于抽象整体)vs damage(对物体或财产造成的、通常可修复的损坏)vs injure(人身受伤,多指事故)vs hurt(肉体或感情上受伤)vs destroy(彻底摧毁,不可复原)。
【词根联想】 源自古英语hearm"痛苦;伤害",与德语Harm同源→ 使身心受损→ 伤害。联想:harm(伤害)→ harmful(有害的)→ harmless(无害的)→ harmfully(有害地);注意与harmony(和谐,源自希腊语harmonia"契合")形近而义反,一"害"一"和",恰好构成本单元Nature in the balance的正反两极,最便于对比记忆。
【真题原句】
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·harmful表"有害的")"Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria?"(为什么某些植物能够捕获有害细菌?)(真题原句·harm 形容词harmful 有害的)
【搭配词块】 do harm to 对…有害 / come to harm 受到伤害 / harmful adj. 有害的 / be harmful to 对…有害
2. ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ n. 生态系统
【核心考点】 ecosystem是"人与自然"主题的第一高频名词,可数。高频搭配:a fragile/delicate ecosystem(脆弱的生态系统)、a forest/marine/desert ecosystem、protect/restore/destroy an ecosystem、the balance of the ecosystem(生态平衡)、upset/disturb the ecosystem(打破生态系统)。同族词:ecology n.(生态;生态学);ecological adj.(生态的)→ ecological balance/protection;ecologist n.(生态学家);eco-friendly adj.(生态友好的;环保的)。辨析:ecosystem(由所有生物与其无机环境共同构成的整体系统,强调"相互依存")vs environment(环境,泛指周围的一切条件)vs habitat(某一具体物种赖以生存的栖息地)vs surroundings(周围环境,多指地点)。
【词根联想】 eco-(希腊语oikos"家;居所")+ system(系统)→ 所有生物共同的"家"所构成的整体系统→ 生态系统。联想:eco-"家"→ economy(经济→管家之道)、economic(经济的)、ecology(生态学→研究"家"的学问)、eco-friendly(环保的)、ecosystem(生态系统)。
【真题原句】
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·ecosystem表"生态系统")"Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem."(渐渐地,这些不同的生命彼此适应,形成了它们自己的生态系统。)(真题原句·ecosystem 生态系统)
【搭配词块】 a fragile ecosystem 脆弱的生态系统 / the balance of the ecosystem 生态平衡 / ecology n. 生态学 / ecological adj. 生态的
3. species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ n. 物种;种类(单复数同形)
【核心考点】 species单复数同形,既可指一个物种也可指多个物种,谓语动词随实际意义变化——This species is rare. / These species are rare.,这是高考语法填空与阅读的经典设陷点。高频搭配:an endangered species(濒危物种)、a rare/native/invasive species(珍稀/本土/入侵物种)、a species of bird(一种鸟)、the Endangered Species Act(濒危物种法)、species diversity(物种多样性)。同族词:specific adj.(具体的;特定的);specialize v.(专门研究);specimen n.(标本)。辨析:species(生物分类学上的"种",科学用语)vs kind/sort/type(泛指种类,口语常用)vs variety(同一物种下的变种,或泛指"多样性、种类")vs breed((家畜、作物的)品种)。
【词根联想】 源自拉丁语species"外观;种类"(动词specere"看")→ 依据外观所区分出来的类别→ 物种。联想:spec/spic"看"→ inspect(检查→往里看)、spectator(观众→观看者)、spectacular(壮观的)、specimen(标本→供人观看之物)、respect(尊重→回头看)、species(物种)。
【真题原句】
(2023·全国甲卷·阅读D·Species表"物种")"In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act."(1975年,灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》。)(真题原句·species 物种)
【搭配词块】 an endangered species 濒危物种 / a species of 一种… / species diversity 物种多样性 / specific adj. 具体的
4. wildlife /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ n. 野生动植物(不可数)
【核心考点】 wildlife是集合性不可数名词,前面不加a、也不加复数-s,作主语时谓语用单数,这是高考写作与语法填空的高频易错点。核心搭配:protect/conserve/save wildlife(保护野生动植物)、wildlife conservation/protection(野生动植物保护)、a wildlife reserve/sanctuary/park(野生动物保护区/园)、wildlife habitat(野生动植物栖息地)、threaten wildlife(威胁野生动植物)。同族词:wild adj.(野生的;荒芜的)→ in the wild(在野外);wilderness n.(荒野);wildly adv.(疯狂地;极其)。辨析:wildlife(野生动植物的总称,不可数)vs animal(单个动物,可数)vs creature(生物;动物,可数,带感情色彩)vs livestock(家畜,不可数)。
【词根联想】 wild(野生的)+ life(生命)→ 野生的生命总和→ 野生动植物。联想:合成词构词法是本单元识记捷径→ wildlife(野生动植物)、wildfire(野火)、wildflower(野花)、lifestyle(生活方式)、lifetime(一生)、livestock(家畜)、greenhouse(温室)。
【真题原句】
(2023·全国甲卷·阅读D·Wildlife表"野生动植物")"The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections."(美国鱼类和野生动植物管理局曾两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名,这会放松对它们的法律保护。)(真题原句·wildlife 野生动植物)
【搭配词块】 protect wildlife 保护野生动植物 / wildlife conservation 野生动植物保护 / a wildlife reserve 野生动物保护区 / in the wild 在野外
5. habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ n.(动植物的)栖息地;生长环境
【核心考点】 habitat为可数名词,指某一物种赖以生存的自然环境。高频搭配:natural habitat(自然栖息地)、habitat loss/destruction(栖息地丧失/破坏)、restore/protect/destroy a habitat、be driven out of one's habitat(被逐出栖息地)、a habitat for birds。同族词:inhabit vt.(居住于;栖息于,及物动词,后面直接跟地点,不加in,高考易错);inhabitant n.(居民;栖息动物);habitable adj.(适宜居住的)。辨析:habitat(生物学意义上的栖息地)vs environment(环境,涵盖面更广)vs home(家,可用于人和动物,口语化)vs residence(住所,正式,仅用于人)。特别提醒:habit(习惯)与habitat(栖息地)形近义远,是阅读与完形的经典干扰项。
【词根联想】 源自拉丁语habitare"居住"(由habere"持有"演变而来)→ 生物所持有并居住的那片地方→ 栖息地。联想:habit"住;持有"→ inhabit(居住于)、inhabitant(居民)、habitat(栖息地)、habitual(习惯性的)、habit(习惯→在心里"住下来"的行为)。
【真题原句】
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·Habitat表"栖息地")"Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species."(栖息地修复队的志愿者在修复脆弱资源、保护濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。)(真题原句·habitat 栖息地)
【搭配词块】 natural habitat 自然栖息地 / habitat loss 栖息地丧失 / inhabit vt. 居住于 / inhabitant n. 居民
6. survive /səˈvaɪv/ vi. 幸存;活下来 vt. 比…活得长;经受住
【核心考点】 survive既可作不及物动词也可作及物动词,作及物动词时后面直接跟宾语,绝不能加in或from——survive the earthquake(在地震中幸存)是高考经典易错点。其他搭配:survive on sth.(靠…维持生存);survive sb. by ... years(比某人多活…年);manage to survive(勉强活下来)。名词survival n.(生存;幸存)→ the survival of the fittest(适者生存)、a struggle for survival(生存斗争)、the survival rate(存活率);survivor n.(幸存者);surviving adj.(尚存的)。辨析:survive(在灾难或恶劣条件下存活下来,强调"挺过")vs live(居住;生活)vs exist(存在;勉强度日)vs remain(保持;剩下)。
【词根联想】 sur-(超过,over)+ vivere(拉丁语"生活;活着,live")→ 活得超过了灾难或他人→ 幸存。联想:viv/vit"生命"→ survive(幸存)、revive(复苏;恢复)、vivid(生动的→有生命力的)、vital(至关重要的;有生命的)、vitamin(维生素)、survival(生存)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:survive vt. 比…活得长;经受住(危机、考验)。熟义"幸存"之外,survive可直接接宾语,表示"比…活得久"或"挺过某段艰难时期",如She survived her husband by ten years(她比丈夫多活了十年)、The old company survived the crisis(这家老公司挺过了这场危机)。此义在人物传记与经济类阅读中出现频率很高。
【经典原句】
(经典原句)"Few young trees can survive after the soil has been washed away by heavy rain."(在土壤被暴雨冲走之后,几乎没有幼树能够存活下来。)(经典原句·survive 幸存)
【搭配词块】 survive the disaster 在灾难中幸存 / survive on 靠…生存 / survival n. 生存 / the survival of the fittest 适者生存
7. extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ n. 灭绝;消亡;熄灭
【核心考点】 extinction为不可数名词,是环保话题写作的高分词。高频搭配:be in danger of extinction(濒临灭绝)、face extinction(面临灭绝)、be on the verge/brink of extinction(濒临灭绝的边缘)、save sth. from extinction(使…免于灭绝)、drive/hunt a species to extinction(使某物种灭绝)、mass extinction(大灭绝)。形容词extinct adj.(灭绝的;已不活动的)→ become/go extinct(灭绝)、an extinct volcano(死火山);动词extinguish vt.(熄灭;扑灭)→ a fire extinguisher(灭火器)。辨析:extinction(整个物种彻底消亡,不可逆)vs disappearance(消失,可能只是暂时不见)vs death(个体的死亡)vs loss(丧失;损失)。
【词根联想】 ex-(出,向外)+ stinguere(拉丁语"熄灭;刺")+ -tion(名词后缀)→ 火被彻底扑灭、一点不剩→ 灭绝。联想:stinct/stingu"刺;熄"→ extinguish(扑灭)、extinct(灭绝的)、distinct(截然不同的→被刺开区分)、distinguish(区分)、instinct(本能→内心受刺激的反应)、extinction(灭绝)。
【真题原句】
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·extinct表"灭绝的")"In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records."(为了赶在地球上的物种灭绝之前把它们记录下来,研究人员和公民科学家已收集了数十亿条记录。)(真题原句·extinction 形容词extinct 灭绝的)
【搭配词块】 be in danger of extinction 濒临灭绝 / face extinction 面临灭绝 / extinct adj. 灭绝的 / go extinct 灭绝
8. climate /ˈklaɪmət/ n. 气候;气候带;风气;氛围
【核心考点】 climate指某地区长期的气候状况,与weather(某时某地的短期天气)相对,是"人与自然"主题的第一高频名词。高频搭配:climate change(气候变化)、global climate(全球气候)、fight/tackle/combat climate change(应对气候变化)、the climate crisis(气候危机)、a mild/dry/tropical climate(温和/干燥/热带气候)、adapt to the climate。形容词climatic adj.(气候的)→ climatic conditions;climatology n.(气候学)。辨析:climate(长期气候,宏观)vs weather(具体天气,不可数)vs temperature(温度)vs season(季节)vs atmosphere(大气;气氛)。
【词根联想】 源自希腊语klima"地球表面的倾斜(度);地带"(动词klinein"倾斜")→ 因纬度倾斜不同而形成的地带气候→ 气候。联想:clin/cline"倾斜"→ incline(倾向;使倾斜)、decline(下降;婉言谢绝)、recline(斜倚)、climate(气候);由"倾斜"到"气候带"的语义链条便于长时记忆。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:climate n. 风气;氛围;(政治、经济)形势。熟义"气候"之外,climate常比喻社会环境,如the economic climate(经济形势)、a climate of fear(恐惧的氛围)、the political climate(政治气候)、a climate of opinion(舆论风向)。此义在议论文与新闻类阅读中极为常见。
【真题原句】
(2023·天津卷·单项填空·第12题·climate change表"气候变化")"China is a shining example for the global community to follow in terms of developing green industry to fight climate change."(在发展绿色产业以应对气候变化方面,中国是国际社会效仿的光辉榜样。)(真题原句·climate 气候)
【搭配词块】 climate change 气候变化 / fight climate change 应对气候变化 / the economic climate 经济形势 / climatic adj. 气候的
9. global /ˈɡləʊbl/ adj. 全球的;全世界的;全面的
【核心考点】 global是环境、经济与科技类语篇的高频形容词。核心搭配:global warming(全球变暖)、global climate change(全球气候变化)、the global community(国际社会)、a global issue/problem/challenge(全球性问题)、on a global scale(在全球范围内)、the global village(地球村)。名词globe n.(地球;地球仪)→ around/across the globe(全世界);副词globally adv.(在全球范围内);globalization n.(全球化)。辨析:global(全球的,强调覆盖整个地球)vs international(国际的,指国与国之间的)vs worldwide(adj./adv. 遍及全球的/地)vs universal(普遍的;宇宙的)vs overall(总体的)。
【词根联想】 globe(球体;地球,源自拉丁语globus"球")+ -al(形容词后缀)→ 与整个地球有关的→ 全球的。联想:glob"球"→ globe(地球)、global(全球的)、globally(全球地)、globalization(全球化)、globalize(使全球化);本单元同类合成与派生:greenhouse(温室)→ the greenhouse effect(温室效应)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:global adj. 全面的;整体的;全局的。熟义"全球的"之外,global还可表示"总体、全局",如a global view of the problem(对问题的整体看法)、a global search(全局搜索)、a global assessment(综合评估)。此义在科技与管理类语篇中较常见。
【真题原句】
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·global表"全球的")"Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns."(借助一个包含19亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全球数据集,Daru及其团队检验了这些数据在多大程度上能代表真实的全球生物多样性格局。)(真题原句·global 全球的)
【搭配词块】 global warming 全球变暖 / on a global scale 在全球范围内 / globe n. 地球 / globally adv. 全球地
10. impact /ˈɪmpækt/ n. /ɪmˈpækt/ v. n. 影响;冲击(力)v. 影响;冲击
【核心考点】 impact作名词时重音在前(/ˈɪmpækt/),作动词时重音在后(/ɪmˈpækt/),是高考语法填空与读后续写的双高频词。核心搭配:have/make a great impact on sb./sth.(对…产生巨大影响,介词只能用on,不能用to);the impact of A on B;under the impact of(在…冲击下);作动词时可说impact on sth.(不及物)或impact sth.(及物,较正式)。同族词:impactful adj.(有影响力的)。辨析:impact(力度大、常带冲击性的影响,多用于重大事物或政策)vs influence(潜移默化的影响,可用于人)vs effect(结果性的影响,have an effect on)vs affect(动词"影响",及物,后面不加on)——affect/effect的词性区分是高考经典易混点。
【词根联想】 im-(in-"进入",在p前同化为im-)+ pact(拉丁语pangere"打入;使固定"的过去分词pactus)→ 猛地撞进去→ 冲击;由物理冲击引申为抽象"影响"。联想:pact"打入;约定"→ pact(协定→敲定的约定)、compact(紧凑的→压实在一起)、impact(冲击;影响)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:impact n. 撞击;碰撞(力)。熟义"影响"之外,impact的本义是物理层面的"撞击",如the impact of the crash(撞车的冲击力)、on impact(一撞上就)、an impact crater(陨石撞击坑)、impact resistance(抗冲击性)。此义常见于科普说明文。
【经典原句】
(经典原句)"Cutting down the rainforest has a direct impact on the global climate."(砍伐雨林会对全球气候产生直接影响。)(经典原句·impact 影响)
【搭配词块】 have an impact on 对…产生影响 / the impact of 的影响 / under the impact of 在…冲击下 / impact on 影响
11. damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ n. 损害;损失(不可数)vt. 损害;毁坏
【核心考点】 damage作名词时为不可数名词,不能说a damage,但可用much/great/serious/severe damage修饰,这是高考经典易错点。核心搭配:do/cause damage to sth.(对…造成损坏)、serious/permanent/lasting damage、brain damage(脑损伤)、repair the damage(修复损坏);作动词时damage one's health/reputation/the environment。形容词damaging adj.(有害的)→ be damaging to;damaged adj.(受损的)。辨析:damage(对物体或抽象名誉造成的、通常可修复的损坏)vs destroy(彻底摧毁,无法复原)vs harm(对健康、生命、环境造成的伤害)vs ruin(毁掉计划、前途、生活)vs injure(人身受伤)。
【词根联想】 源自拉丁语damnum"损失;罚金",经古法语damage"造成损失之事"进入英语→ 损害。联想:damn/demn"损失;判罚"→ condemn(谴责→共同判定其有过)、damn(诅咒)、indemnity(赔偿金)、damage(损害);由"罚金"义可自然衔接其复数damages"损害赔偿金"。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:damages n.(复数形式)损害赔偿金。熟义作不可数名词"损坏"之外,damage的复数形式在法律语境中专指"赔偿金",如claim damages(索赔)、pay damages(支付赔偿金)、be awarded damages(获判赔偿)。单复数异义是本词最典型的考点。
【经典原句】
(经典原句)"Heavy rain and strong winds damaged hundreds of young trees in the nature reserve."(暴雨和大风损毁了自然保护区里数百棵幼树。)(经典原句·damage 损坏)
【搭配词块】 do damage to 对…造成损害 / cause serious damage 造成严重损失 / damage the environment 破坏环境 / damaging adj. 有害的
12. consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ n. 后果;结果;重要性
【核心考点】 consequence多指(尤其是不好的)后果,是议论文写作的高分词。核心搭配:as a consequence (of)(作为…的结果;由于)、in consequence(因此)、face/suffer/bear/take the consequences(承担后果)、with serious consequences(后果严重);表"重要性"时用of great/little/no consequence(重要的/无关紧要的)。副词consequently adv.(因此,写作高频连接词,可与as a result互换);形容词consequent adj.(随之发生的)。辨析:consequence(多为负面的后果,强调因果链条)vs result(结果,中性、最通用)vs outcome(过程或竞争的最终结果)vs effect(对某物产生的影响、效果)vs aftermath(灾难后的余波)。
【词根联想】 con-(一起,共同)+ sequi(拉丁语"跟随,follow")+ -ence(名词后缀)→ 紧跟着某事一起发生的东西→ 结果;后果。联想:sequ/secu"跟随"→ sequence(顺序;一连串)、subsequent(随后的)、consecutive(连续的)、consequently(因此)、pursue(追求→一路跟随)、consequence(后果)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:consequence n. 重要性;重大意义。熟义"后果"之外,consequence在较正式的语体中可表"重要性",如a matter of great consequence(一件大事)、of no consequence(无关紧要)、a person of consequence(重要人物)。此义在文学作品与议论文阅读中偶有出现,易被误解为"后果"。
【真题原句】
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读B·第25题题干·consequence表"后果")"What is a consequence of food waste according to the text?"(根据本文,食物浪费会带来什么后果?)(真题原句·consequence 后果)
【搭配词块】 as a consequence of 由于 / face the consequences 承担后果 / consequently adv. 因此 / of great consequence 重要的
Part 4 词性变化总表
原词
派生词1
派生词2
派生词3
核心搭配
harm
harmful (adj.)
harmless (adj.)
harmfully (adv.)
do harm to / be harmful to
ecosystem
ecology (n.)
ecological (adj.)
ecologist (n.)
a fragile ecosystem / ecological balance
species
specific (adj.)
specimen (n.)
specialize (v.)
an endangered species / a species of
wildlife
wild (adj.)
wilderness (n.)
wildly (adv.)
protect wildlife / in the wild
habitat
inhabit (v.)
inhabitant (n.)
habitable (adj.)
natural habitat / habitat loss
survive
survival (n.)
survivor (n.)
surviving (adj.)
survive the flood / struggle for survival
extinction
extinct (adj.)
extinguish (v.)
extinguisher (n.)
face extinction / go extinct
climate
climatic (adj.)
climatology (n.)
---
climate change / the economic climate
global
globe (n.)
globally (adv.)
globalization (n.)
global warming / around the globe
impact
impactful (adj.)
impacted (v.)
---
have an impact on / the impact of
damage
damaging (adj.)
damaged (adj.)
damages (n. 赔偿金)
do damage to / damage the environment
consequence
consequently (adv.)
consequent (adj.)
---
as a consequence of / face the consequences
Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空
【练习题】
1.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·改编)Researchers are racing to document the species on Earth before they go __________ (extinction).
2.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·改编)The volunteers work hard to restore the natural __________ (habitat) of many endangered birds and insects.
3.(2023新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编)John wondered why certain plants are able to trap __________ (harm) bacteria in a dirty stream.
4.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读B·改编)Food waste brings a series of serious __________ (consequently) that no country can afford to ignore.
5.(2023天津卷·单项填空·改编)Green industry is developing fast in communities right around the __________ (global).
6.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·改编)Digital records are useful for detecting shifts in the number and __________ (various) of species in an area.
7.(2026山东济南•模拟)Clean water and fresh air are the basic conditions for the __________ (survive) of every living thing.
8.(2026广东广州•模拟)Farmers here have to deal with the __________ (climate) conditions that keep changing every year.
9.(2026浙江杭州•模拟)Burning coal for heating is extremely __________ (damage) to the air of the whole city.
10.(2026江苏南京•模拟)The building of the new dam will greatly __________ (impacted) the life of the fish in this river.
11.(2026四川成都•模拟)About sixty percent of the paper used in our school is __________ (recycle) every single month.
12.(2026河南郑州•模拟)The sudden __________ (disappear) of the frogs in this pond worried the local scientists a lot.
13.(2026湖北武汉•模拟)Once a single link is broken, the whole forest __________ (ecosystems) may slowly fall apart.
14.(2026福建福州•模拟)The new washing powder is said to be completely __________ (harmful) to rivers and lakes.
15.(2026湖南长沙•模拟)Hunting and habitat loss have driven quite a few rare animals to __________ (extinct).
【答案】
1. extinct 2. habitats 3. harmful 4. consequences 5. globe 6. variety 7. survival 8. climatic 9. damaging 10. impact 11. recycled 12. disappearance 13. ecosystem 14. harmless 15. extinction
【逐题解析】
1. extinct — 提示词extinction(名词)需转形容词。go extinct 灭绝,go后接形容词作表语。
2. habitats — 提示词habitat(单数)需转复数。many birds对应多处栖息地,故用复数。
3. harmful — 提示词harm(名词/动词)需转形容词,作定语修饰名词bacteria,表"有害的"。
4. consequences — 提示词consequently(副词)需转名词复数。a series of后接可数名词复数。
5. globe — 提示词global(形容词)需转名词。around the globe 全世界,固定短语。
6. variety — 提示词various(形容词)需转名词。the number and variety of 数量与种类。
7. survival — 提示词survive(动词)需转名词。the survival of 的生存,for后接名词。
8. climatic — 提示词climate(名词)需转形容词,作定语修饰conditions,表"气候的"。
9. damaging — 提示词damage(名词/动词)需转形容词。be damaging to 对…有害。
10. impact — 提示词impacted(过去式)需转动词原形。will后接动词原形,表将来。
11. recycled — 提示词recycle(原形)需转过去分词。主语paper与recycle是被动关系。
12. disappearance — 提示词disappear(动词)需转名词。The sudden后接名词作主语。
13. ecosystem — 提示词ecosystems(复数)需转单数。the whole后接可数名词单数。
14. harmless — 提示词harmful(有害的)需转反义形容词。be harmless to 对…无害。
15. extinction — 提示词extinct(形容词)需转名词。drive sth. to extinction 使…灭绝。
Part 6 知识点默写:根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇
【练习题】
我们的星球是一个有生命的整体,其中每一个__________(物种)都有自己的位置。森林给我们洁净的空气与肥沃的土壤,也给__________(野生动植物)一处安全的__________(栖息地)。
然而人类活动却对这份平衡造成了巨大的__________(伤害)。耕作、采矿和繁重的交通__________(损坏)着土地,污浊的空气也年复一年地改变着__________(气候)。
这种__________(影响)显而易见:更长的干旱和更热的夏天已成为一个__________(全球性的)问题,许多动植物再也无法__________(存活),一些珍稀物种濒临__________(灭绝)。一旦__________(生态系统)中的某一环断裂,最终其__________(后果)会波及我们每一个人。
【答案】
species; wildlife; habitat; harm; damage; climate; impact; global; survive; extinction; ecosystem; consequence
Part 7 关联阅读
The Amazon rainforest is often called the lungs of our planet. It covers more than five million square kilometres and shelters about ten percent of all the species known to science. Under its towering trees live jaguars, frogs, insects and countless plants that grow nowhere else on Earth. For thousands of years this rich habitat stayed in balance. Trees take in carbon and give out oxygen, dead leaves break down into nutrients, and the whole ecosystem feeds itself without any help from human hands.
That balance is now in danger. Every year large areas of forest are cut down for farming and cattle, and the damage is not easy to repair. When the trees disappear, the soil is washed away by rain and few young plants can survive. Scientists warn that the loss of forest also has a direct impact on the global climate, because burning and cutting release the carbon that the trees have stored for centuries. Several rare animals have already been driven towards extinction.
The harm does not stop at the edge of the forest. A weaker Amazon means less rain for farms thousands of kilometres away and hotter summers for cities on other continents. One serious consequence is that food prices rise while harvests fall. Wildlife experts point out that once a species is gone, no money and no technology can ever bring it back. Every plant that disappears takes with it a piece of information about how life on this planet actually works.
The good news is that people are acting. Governments have set up protected areas, and local residents are now paid to guard the forest instead of clearing it. Companies recycle paper and wood so that fewer trees are needed, and young volunteers plant native seedlings and record what they see, so that scientists can follow how the ecosystem slowly recovers. None of this is easy and progress is far from fast, but every hectare saved is a real victory. The balance of nature is not something we simply inherit; it is something we must choose to protect.
1. What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us about the Amazon rainforest?
A. It produces most of the oxygen that human beings use every year.
B. It is a huge and self-supporting home for a great number of species.
C. It has been carefully protected by scientists for thousands of years.
D. It is the only place on Earth where jaguars and frogs can be found.
2. Why is it hard for young plants to grow after the trees are cut down?
A. The soil is washed away by the rain.
B. The insects in the forest eat up the seeds.
C. Farmers keep far too many cattle on the land.
D. The air becomes too dry for the seeds to open.
3. What does the author want to show in paragraph 3?
A. Food prices will fall once the rainforest is protected.
B. Wildlife experts have found a way to bring back lost species.
C. Cities on other continents are becoming cooler than before.
D. The loss of the forest also affects people living far away.
4. What is the author's attitude towards the efforts in the last paragraph?
A. Doubtful.
B. Uninterested.
C. Hopeful but realistic.
D. Regretful.
【参考答案与高考标准解析】
答案:1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C
第1题(主旨大意题·高考核心):首段先以"the lungs of our planet"总起,继而用面积、物种比例、jaguars与frogs等具体信息说明这里是众多species的家园,最后用trees take in carbon、dead leaves break down、the whole ecosystem feeds itself三个分句强调该habitat能够自给自足、长期保持平衡,故B项"庞大且能自我维持的物种家园"最准确。A项"produces most of the oxygen"是把"lungs"这一比喻当成了数据,属过度推断;C项"被科学家保护了数千年"与原文"stayed in balance"的自然状态无关;D项"唯一"过于绝对,原文说的是"grow nowhere else"仅指部分植物。
第2题(细节理解题·高考高频):第二段明确写道When the trees disappear, the soil is washed away by rain and few young plants can survive,其中survive是本单元目标词,句意逻辑十分清楚——树木消失导致雨水冲走土壤,幼苗因此难以存活,A项与原句逐词对应。B项"昆虫吃掉种子"、D项"空气太干种子无法发芽"在文中完全没有出现,属典型的无中生有;C项虽提到cattle,但那是砍伐森林的原因,并非幼苗无法生长的直接原因,属于张冠李戴。
第3题(推理判断题·高考核心):第三段首句The harm does not stop at the edge of the forest即为主题句,随后列举"数千公里外农场雨量减少""其他大洲城市夏季更热""粮价上涨而收成下降"三条证据,consequence一词点明这是连锁后果,可见作者意在说明森林消失的影响会波及远方的人们,故选D。A项把"粮价上涨"反向理解为"保护后粮价下降",属无据推断;B项与原文"no money and no technology can ever bring it back"直接矛盾;C项与"hotter summers"完全相反。
第4题(观点态度题·高考压轴):末段先用The good news is that people are acting、每一句都在陈述积极举措(设保护区、付费护林、回收纸张、种植本土树苗),体现出希望;但作者随即用None of this is easy and progress is far from fast作出限定,又以every hectare saved is a real victory重新肯定价值,这种"既肯定又清醒"的语气正是C项hopeful but realistic。A项Doubtful与"real victory"相悖;B项Uninterested与末句强烈的呼吁语气不符;D项Regretful忽略了整段的正面基调。
📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇:harm, ecosystem, species, wildlife, habitat, survive, extinction, climate, global, impact, damage, consequence
Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉
请根据英文写出对应汉语释义:
2
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. harm — __________
2. ecosystem — __________
3. species — __________
4. wildlife — __________
5. habitat — __________
6. survive — __________
7. extinction — __________
8. climate — __________
9. global — __________
10. impact — __________
11. damage — __________
12. consequence — __________
13. harmful — __________
14. survival — __________
15. extinct — __________
16. inhabitant — __________
17. consequently — __________
18. ecological — __________
19. do harm to — __________
20. have an impact on — __________
【参考答案】
1. 伤害;损害;危害 2. 生态系统 3. 物种;种类(单复数同形)
4. 野生动植物(不可数) 5. 栖息地;生长环境 6. 幸存;比…活得长;经受住
7. 灭绝;消亡 8. 气候;风气;氛围 9. 全球的;全面的
10. 影响;冲击(力) 11. 损害;损失;毁坏 12. 后果;结果;重要性
13. 有害的(形容词) 14. 生存;幸存(名词) 15. 灭绝的(形容词)
16. 居民;栖息动物(名词) 17. 因此(副词) 18. 生态的(形容词)
19. 对…造成伤害(短语) 20. 对…产生影响(短语)
Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级
同义转换:用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词,提升写作表达:
1. Cutting down large areas of forest hurts the balance of nature badly.
→ Cutting down large areas of forest __________ the balance of nature badly.
2. Heavy rain and strong winds broke hundreds of young trees in the park.
→ Heavy rain and strong winds __________ hundreds of young trees in the park.
3. Few small animals can stay alive after their forest home is cut down.
→ Few small animals can __________ after their forest home is cut down.
4. Many rare birds in this valley are close to dying out completely.
→ Many rare birds in this valley are close to __________.
5. Rising temperatures are now a worldwide problem that no country can ignore.
→ Rising temperatures are now a __________ problem that no country can ignore.
6. The new chemical factory has a strong influence on the local river.
→ The new chemical factory has a strong __________ on the local river.
7. The changing weather conditions bring longer droughts to this dry area.
→ The changing __________ brings longer droughts to this dry area.
8. These wetlands are the natural living place of thousands of water birds.
→ These wetlands are the natural __________ of thousands of water birds.
9. Nobody can predict the final result of cutting down the whole forest.
→ Nobody can predict the final __________ of cutting down the whole forest.
10. Scientists are studying how this community of living things feeds itself.
→ Scientists are studying how this __________ feeds itself.
11. The park was set up to protect wild animals and plants in this valley.
→ The park was set up to protect __________ in this valley.
12. More than two hundred kinds of animals live in this small forest area.
→ More than two hundred __________ of animals live in this small forest area.
【答案】
1. harms 2. damaged 3. survive 4. extinction 5. global 6. impact 7. climate 8. habitat 9. consequence 10. ecosystem 11. wildlife 12. species
Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测
遮挡提示,尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链:
记忆链:species → habitat → wildlife → harm → damage → climate → impact → global → survive → extinction → ecosystem → consequence
复述模板(填空):
我们的星球是一个有生命的整体,每一个__________(物种)都有自己的位置,森林为__________(野生动植物)提供了安全的__________(栖息地)。
然而人类活动对这份平衡造成了巨大的__________(伤害):耕作与交通__________(损坏)着土地,污浊的空气改变着__________(气候)。
这种__________(影响)已成为一个__________(全球性的)问题,许多动植物无法__________(存活),珍稀物种濒临__________(灭绝);一旦__________(生态系统)的某一环断裂,其__________(后果)终将波及每一个人。
你的复述:
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
【自我检测答案】
填空答案:species; wildlife; habitat; harm; damage; climate; impact; global; survive; extinction; ecosystem; consequence
复述模板参考版本:
Our planet is a living whole in which every species has its own place, and the forest offers wildlife a safe habitat. Human activity, however, has done great harm to this balance: farming and traffic damage the land, while dirty air keeps changing the climate. The impact has become a global problem. Many plants and animals can no longer survive, and some rare ones are close to extinction. Once a single link in an ecosystem breaks, the consequence will reach every one of us in the end.
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