内容正文:
河北
英 语
基础精讲册
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第二部分 语法知识讲练
一、词类
专题二 动词和动词短语
考点5 动词的非谓语形式
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课标语法导图
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考点讲解
一、动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to。
其否定形式由“not+动词不定式”构成。动词不定式没有人称和数
的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,
即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成
不定式短语。#1
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1.动词不定式(to do)的功能#1.1
功能 例句
作主语 To keep the classroom clean is important.
作宾语 I want to keep the classroom clean.
作表语 My purpose is to keep the classroom clean.
作补足语 Our teacher advises us to keep the classroom
clean.
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功能 例句
作状
语 目的
状语 I collect rubbish to keep the classroom clean.
原因
状语 I am happy to keep the classroom clean.
结果
状语 I am free enough to clean the classroom.
作定语 I am not free now. I have many things to do.
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①动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语——动
词不定式则被后置。如:It is difficult for me to learn math
well.
②若单个动词不定式位于句首作主语,谓语动词用第三人称
单数。如:To learn math well is difficult for me.#1.1.2.2
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2.常见的接动词不定式作宾语的动词/词组(v.+to do sth. ……
做某事)
afford负担得起 agree 同意 ask 要求 choose 选择
dare 敢于 decide 决定 expect期待 forget 忘记
happen 碰巧 hope/wish 希望 learn 学习 manage设法
offer 主动提出 plan 计划 prefer 更喜欢 prepare 准备
promise承诺 refuse 拒绝 remember 记得 seem 似乎
try 努力 wait等待
want/would like 想要(2025样卷.45)
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3.常见的接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(v.+sb.+to do sth.
……某人做某事)
advise建议 allow 允许 ask 要求
encourage 鼓励(2025.54)
expect 期望 force强迫 invite 邀请 order 命令
remind 提醒 teach 教 tell告诉 want 想要
warn 警告 wish 希望
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4.“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法
①疑问词与动词不定式连用可作主语、宾语或表语。如:
Where to go for the coming holiday hasn’t been decided.
(作主语)
I haven’t decided where to go for the coming holiday.
(作宾语)
My question is where to go for the coming holiday.
(作表语)
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②“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。如:
Can you tell me how to make a plan for the coming
holiday?=Can you tell me how I can make a plan for the
coming holiday?
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5.不带to的情况
①有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to。这种
动词有两类:一类是感官动词,如see,hear,watch,feel,
notice等。如:
I saw the teacher get out.
I heard the birds sing.
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②另一类是使役动词,如let,make,have等。如:
Let me go!
They made the children work 12 hours a day.
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★短文填空解题技巧2-8 动词原形→动词不定式
适用情况 示例
1.作宾语(2025样卷.45) We decided to go(go) on
vacation.
2.作宾语补足语
(2025.54) Lisa encouraged me to try(try)
new things.
3.作目的状语 I save money to buy(buy) a
new car.
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适用情况 示例
4.“疑问词+to do”结构 Can you tell me how to use
(use) this machine?
5.“It is+adj.(+for/of sb.)+to do sth.”结构 It is dangerous for children to
swim(swim) in the river.
6.不定式常见特殊句型 It’s time to finish(finish)your
homework.
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二、动名词
1.动名词(v.-ing)的功能
功能 例句
作主语 Teaching English is interesting.
作宾
语 动词的
宾语 She likes teaching English.
介词的
宾语 She is good at teaching English.
作表语 Her job is teaching English in a middle
school.
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功能 例句
作定语 She wants to buy a washing machine.
2.常见的接动名词作宾语的动词/词组(v.+doing sth. ……做某
事)
avoid避免 consider 考虑 enjoy 喜欢 feel like 想要
finish完成 imagine 想象 keep 坚持 mind 介意
miss错过 practice 练习 risk 冒险 stand 忍受
stop停止 succeed in 成功 advise/suggest 建议
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①若单个动词不定式/动名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称
单数。如:Doing more exercise is good for your health.
②主语和表语都是非谓语动词时,两者在形式上应保持一致。
如:To see is to believe./Seeing is believing.
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③有一些动词后面既可以接动名词,也可以接动词不定式,
但是意思有区别,常见的有:
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)
forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)
remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)
remember to do sth.记得去做某事(未做)
regret doing sth.后悔做过某事(已做)
regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事(未做)
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mean doing sth.意味着做某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事
stop doing sth.停止做某事
stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事
try doing sth.尝试做某事
try to do sth.设法/努力做某事
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④若to为动词不定式符号,后接动词原形;若to为介词,后
接名词、代词或动名词。以下短语中的to为介词:
be/get/become used to 习惯于 hold on to 坚持;抓住
stick to 坚持 lead to 导致;引起
turn to 求助于 look forward to 盼望;期待
look up to 敬仰;尊敬 pay attention to 注意
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三、分词
分词有现在分词和过去分词两种形式。现在分词由“v.+-ing”
构成,表示主动、进行之意;过去分词由“v.+-ed”构成,表示被
动、完成之意。#1
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1.分词的功能#1.1
功能 用法 例句
作补
足语 现在分词作补足语,被补充说明
的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语
(即主动关系) I saw Bob playing
basketball on the
playground.
过去分词作补足语,被补充说明
的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语
(即动宾关系) I want to have my
watch repaired.
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功能 用法 例句
作定
语 现在分词作定语,被修饰的词是
其逻辑主语 The girl sitting by
my side is my little
sister.
过去分词作定语,被修饰的词是
其逻辑宾语 Please hand in your
written exercises.
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2.现在分词与过去分词的区别
①在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意
义。如:
I saw someone closing the door. I saw the door closed.
②在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示
已完成的动作。如:
developing country 发展中国家
developed country 发达国家
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3.过去分词的常见搭配
①主语+have/get sth.done “使……被……”。如:
I want to have/get these chairs fixed.
②It be+过去分词+that…句型:
It is said that… 据说……
It is reported that… 据报道……
It is hoped that… 人们希望……
It is well-known that… 众所周知……
It is suggested that… 有人提议……
It is required that… 据要求……
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考点测验
河北5年真题练
1.(2025河北54题节选)I encourage you __________(create)
your “Good Things Jug” today.
to create
2.(2025河北样卷45题节选)Lucy and I take turns to set the
table for dinner and wash the dishes. But today, Lucy
wanted __________(change) the roles.
to change
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拓展提升练
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.(2025白银)Students are asked _______(do) this task
by themselves.
2.(2025扬州改编)We should build on past achievements
and work together _________(make) a better world.
3.(2025连云港改编)A teacher started an “A Poem A Day”
program _________(share) Chinese culture with the world.
to do
to make
to share
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4.(2025德阳改编)The little girl stopped _______(cry)
and began to laugh when she saw the funny face.
5.(2025苏州改编)Before the Spring Festival, we spent
weeks in __________(practice) the dragon dance.
6.(2025扬州改编)Many poets express their love for
Yangzhou by _________(praise) its beauty in their works.
7.(2025泸州改编)It’s not healthy ________(stay) up late.
You’d better go to bed early.
crying
practicing
praising
to stay
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8.Nowadays more and more farmers learn _______(sell)
their fruits through Douyin.
9.As an explorer, Lin Tao is used to _______(take) risks.
10.We plan ________(give) away a few books to people in
need.
11.We should think about how _____________(introduce)
Chinese culture to the world.
12.I really hope _________(enter) a good high school to
get further education.
to sell
taking
to give
to introduce
to enter
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13.A book review can often tell me whether it is worth
________(read) or not.
14.Look at the sign “No swimming” over there. It warns us
not _________(swim) in the river.
15.If you expect ________(win) the competition, you must
put your heart into training every day.
reading
to swim
to win
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