内容正文:
河北
英 语
基础精讲册
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第二部分 语法知识讲练
一、词类
专题二 动词和动词短语
考点4 被动语态
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课标语法导图
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考点讲解
一、主动语态和被动语态
英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。当主语为动
作的执行者时,谓语的形式为主动语态;当主语为动作的承受者
时,谓语要用被动语态。
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二、用法
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要说明谁是动
作的执行者,或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。
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三、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,助动词
be有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完
全一样。初中常用时态(含情态动词)的被动语态构成如下:#1
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时态 被动语态结构 例句
一般现在时
(5年4考) am/is/are+done The classroom is cleaned by
us every day.
一般过去时
(5年2考) was/were+done The classroom was cleaned
by us yesterday afternoon.
一般将来时 will/shall/be
going
to+be+done The classroom will be
cleaned by us this afternoon.
含情态动词 情态动词
+be+done The classroom should be
cleaned by us this afternoon.
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主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况:主动语态中有些感官动词
(如hear, see, watch, notice等)和使役动词(如make,
let等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,变为被动语态时,要
把不定式符号to还原。如:
hear/see sb. do sth.→sb. be heard/seen to do sth.
make sb. do sth.→sb. be made to do sth.
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四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
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五、主动形式表被动意义的情况
主动形式表被动意义的情况 例句
某些系动词,如look, sound, taste, smell,
feel等,可用主动形式表示被动意义 The T-shirt feels
comfortable.
表示主语的特征、状态的动词,如write,
read, sell, clean, cook, burn等,与well,
easily, quickly等副词连用时,常用主动形式
表示被动意义 Her new novel
sells well.
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主动形式表被动意义的情况 例句
当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及
物动词且表示主语的某种属性而不强调被执
行的动作时,通常用主动形式表示被动意
义,此类动词通常与can’t, won’t等连用 The door doesn’t
open.
表示“发生(take place, happen)” “传播
(spread)” “爆发(break out)”的不及物
动词(词组),常用主动形式表示被动意义 The news spread
quickly.
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主动形式表被动意义的情况 例句
sth. be worth doing结构中,doing表示被动
意义 This book is
worth reading.
“need/require+doing”相当“need/require+to be done”, 其中to be done是不定式的被动
结构 Your car needs
washing.=Your
car needs to be
washed.
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不能使用被动语态的情况:
1. 不及物动词(短语)没有被动语态,常见的有happen, take
place, belong to等;
2. 表示状态的动词没有被动语态,常见的有have,own,fail,
cost,fit, last(持续)等;
3. 祈使句一般没有被动语态;
4. 反身代词在句中作宾语时,不能用被动语态;
5. 当及物动词leave,enter,reach等的宾语是表示地点和处所
的名词时,不能用被动语态。#3.5
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★短文填空解题技巧2-7 动词原形→am/is/are/was/were+动词过
去分词
适用情况 示例
句子为
被动语
态 主语是动作的承受者 The building was built
(built) in 1900.
有被动语态的标志词by The problem was solved
(solve) by Jack.
一些固定句式中,如:It is
said /believed /reported
that… It is said(say) that
the new restaurant is
excellent.
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考点测验
河北5年真题练
1.(2025河北43题节选)With pieces of paper in it, the jug
_________(call) “Good Things Jug”.
is called
2.(2025河北样卷49题节选)At weekends, we usually do some
gardening and shopping. The grass around our house
_______(cut) about once a month.
is cut
3.(2024河北38题改编)Emma got excited when her writing
__________(read) as a model in class.
was read
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4.(2023河北40题改编)Breakfast ____________(provide)
every day for people aged over 60 for free in this village.
5.(2021河北39题改编)These gifts ___________(make) by
children in their last summer holidays.
is provided
were made
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拓展提升练
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.(2025广安改编)Maybe books ________________(replace)
by the Internet in the future.
2.The next Winter Olympic Games _____________(hold) in
Italy in 2026.
3.Many road accidents can ___________(avoid) if we all
follow traffic rules.
will be replaced
will be held
be avoided
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4.The new library __________(build) last year and it has
become a popular place for students.
5.In order to have a green world, the natural environment
must _____________(protect) by everyone.
was built
be protected
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