内容正文:
河北
英 语
基础精讲册
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第二部分 语法知识讲练
一、词类
专题二 动词和动词短语
考点3 谓语动词的时态
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课标语法导图
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知识必备 动词的基本形式
一、动词第三人称单数
情况 变化规则 示例
一般情况 加-s help→helps improve→improves
以s,x,ch, sh,o结尾 加-es guess→guesses fix→fixes
teach→teaches wash→washes
go→goes
以辅音字母加
y结尾 变y为i,
再加-es fly→flies study→studies
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动词单三现在时,一般词尾加-s。
s、x、ch、sh在词尾,直接加上-es。
词尾若是字母o, 加上-es不用愁。
词尾若是辅音y, 变y为i是正规, es在后紧跟随。#3.4.2
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二、动词过去式/过去分词
情况 变化规则 示例
一般情况 加-ed help→helped/helped
walk→walked/walked
以不发音的字母
e结尾 加-d live→lived/lived
promise→promised/promised
以辅音字母加y
结尾 变y为i,再加
-ed try→tried/tried
carry→carried/carried
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情况 变化规则 示例
只有一个辅音字
母结尾的重读闭
音节词 双写该辅音字
母,再加-ed stop→stopped/stopped
hug→hugged/hugged
规则动词过去式的构成
过去式构成有规律,一般词尾加-ed。
如果词尾有个e, 直接加-d就可以。
辅音字母y结尾,变y为i加-ed。
一辅重闭作尾巴,双写之后加-ed。#3.4
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三、动词现在分词(动词-ing)/动名词
情况 变化规则 示例
一般情况 加-ing read→reading feel→feeling
以不发音的e结
尾 去e,再加-ing live→living write→writing
以ie结尾的单
音节词 变ie为y,再加
-ing die→dying lie→lying
只有一个辅音
字母结尾的重
读闭音节词 双写该辅音字
母,再加-ing plan→planning run→running
put→putting
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注意:不规则变化【具体内容见《词汇默写册》P77~P78】
考点讲解
一、一般现在时(5年6考)
结构 1.主语+am/is/are+表语
2.主语+其他系动词原形/其他系动词单三形式+表语
3.主语+实义动词原形/实义动词的单三形式(+宾语)
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标志
词 1.频度副词:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom,
hardly ever, never
2.频度词组:once a year, twice a month, three times a
day等
3.其他词组:on Sundays, on/at weekends, every
day/year…(every系列)
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常见
用法
及例
句 1.表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作,常与频度副词连
用。如:I always get up early.
2.表示主语现在的特征或状态等。如:She has a good
sense of humor.
3.表示客观真理、客观存在或自然现象。如:The earth
moves around the sun.
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中, 即使主句是一般
过去时, 从句也要用一般现在时。
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常见
用法
及例
句 4.主将从现:若一个复合句中含有由when, after, before,
until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句或由if, unless, as long as, once等引导的条件状语从句, 主句若用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。如:If you go to that
party, I will go as well.
5.表示按计划或安排好的将要发生的动作,用一般现在时
表将来,但仅限于start, begin, leave, go, come,
arrive等动词。如:The train leaves at five this
afternoon.
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★短文填空解题技巧2-1 动词原形→第三人称单数
适用情况 示例
句子
时态
为一
般现
在时 1.“不可数名词”作主语 Light comes(come) from
the sun.
2.“a/an/the/one+可数名词单
数”作主语 A book is(be) on the
table.
3.“he/she/it/this/that”作主语 She teaches(teach)
English.
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适用情况 示例
句子
时态
为一
般现
在时 4.“单个人名、地名、国家、
城市”作主语 John studies(study)
hard for his exams.
5.“复合不定代词(every系列、some系列、any系列、no系列)/疑问代词”作主语 Nothing is(be)impossible if you try.
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适用情况 示例
句子
时态
为一
般现
在时 6.“单个非谓语动词[动词不
定式(短语)、动名词
(短语)]”作主语 Eating too much sugar is
(be) bad for health.
7.“the number of…”作主语 The number of students in
our class is(be) 30.
8.“one of+可数名词复数”作
主语 One of the answers is
(be) correct.
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二、一般过去时(5年8考)
结构 1.主语+was/were+表语
2.主语+其他系动词过去式+表语
3.主语+实义动词的过去式(+宾语)
标志
词 1.ago词组 2.yesterday及yesterday词组 3.last及last词组
4.just now,in the past,in 1920等
5.at the age of…,used to…
6.one day,long long ago,once upon a time
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常见
用法
及例
句 1.表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。如:
I got up early this morning.
2.表示过去常常或反复发生的动作,常与频度副词连用。
如:
When Nancy was a little girl, she often played games
with her sister.
3.有些句子没有明确表示过去时间的状语,但根据语境可
知,是过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时。如:
—Excuse me, sir. It’s a non-smoking area.
—Sorry, I didn’t see it.
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★短文填空解题技巧2-2 动词原形→过去式
适用情况 示例
句子
时态
为一
般过
去时 1.句中有明显的表示过
去的时间状语或标志词 I visited(visit)my grandparents yesterday.
2.过去式+and/or+过去
式 Alice called her friend and
asked(ask) for help.
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适用情况 示例
句子
时态
为一
般过
去时 3.上下文的时态均为一
般过去时 It was a beautiful day. We
drove(drive) to the
countryside. We saw a lot of
beautiful flowers there.
4.主从句时态一致,当
主句为过去的某种时
态,从句通常也用过去
的时态 I saw Lily when I passed
(pass) the playground.
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三、一般将来时(5年6考)
结构 1.主语+will/shall+动词原形(+表语/宾语)
2.主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形(+表语/宾语)
标志
词 1.tomorrow,soon
2.next week/month/year(next系列)
3.in a week,in 2030,in+一段时间
4.in the(near)future
5.the day after tomorrow
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常见
用法
及例
句 1.表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。如:
They will leave for Shanghai next week.
2.表示某种必然的趋势。如:Fish will die without water.
3.be going to+动词原形,表示计划、打算、决定要做某事,表示已决定的、很可能发生的事情或有某种迹象表明要发生的事情。如:
I am going to visit my grandparents this weekend.(计划)
Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm.(客观迹象)
4.“be about to+动词原形”或“be to+动词原形”结构也可表示即将发生的动作。如:The football match is about to begin.
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★短文填空解题技巧2-3 动词原形→“will+动词原形”或“am/is/are
going to+动词原形”
适用情况 示例
句子
时态
为一
般将
来时 1.句中有明显的表示将
来的时间状语或标志词 I will call(call) you
tomorrow.
2.“主将从现”原则 If it rains, we will cancel
(cancel) the picnic.
3.用于表达预测或推测 I think he will succeed
(succeed).
4.用于表达意愿或意图 I am going to study/will study
(study) harder next term.
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四、现在进行时(5年2考)
结构 主语+am/is/are+动词-ing(+宾语)
标志
词 1.now, right now
2.at present, at this time, at the/this moment
3.when, while
4.Look!/Listen!
5.these days
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常见
用法
及例
句 1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如:
I am writing an email to my cousin.
2.表示现阶段一直在进行的动作,此刻不一定在进行,常用时间状语有:this/these+表示一段时间的名词。如:
Jim is preparing for an important painting competition these days.
3.be doing表示将来,常用这种结构的动词有go, come,leave, stay, start, begin,表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。如:
My aunt is leaving for Shanghai this afternoon.
4.与always, usually等词连用,表示反复发生的动作,常含有赞扬、不满、厌烦、好奇等感情色彩。如:
You are always forgetting important things.(表示责备)
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★短文填空解题技巧2-4 动词原形→am/is/are+动词-ing
适用情况 示例
句子时
态为现
在进行
时 句中有表示动作现
在正在进行的时间
状语或标志词 Look! She is reading(read) a
book.
根据上下文可以判
断动作正在进行 It’s a sunny afternoon. The
birds are singing. The children
are playing(play) in the
garden.
表示现阶段正在进
行的动作 He is studying(study) hard for
the exam this week.
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五、过去进行时(5年2考)
结构 主语+was/were+动词-ing(+宾语)
标志词 1.then
2.at that time/moment,at ten yesterday, at this time yesterday
3.when/while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句
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常见用
法及例
句 1.表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作。如:
I was taking a shower when you called me last
night.
2.表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。如:
We were watching TV from six to eight last night.
3.过去进行时常和always等副词连用,表示过去频繁发
生的习惯性动作,此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色
彩。如:
The two brothers were always arguing.(表示厌烦)
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★短文填空解题技巧2-5 动词原形→was/were+动词-ing
适用情况 示例
句子
时态
为过
去进
行时 过去某一具体
时间点或时间
段动作正在进
行 I was studying when the phone rang.
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适用情况 示例
句子
时态
为过
去进
行时 通过上下文可
以判断动作在
过去某个时刻
正在进行 The students were taking(take) an
exam when the fire alarm suddenly
went off. The teacher calmly asked
everyone to go to the playground.
过去两个同时
进行的动作 While he was cooking(cook), she
was setting the table.
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六、现在完成时(5年4考)
结构 主语+has/have+动词过去分词(+表语/宾语)
标志
词 1.already,ever,never,just,yet,still
2.recently,lately,so far,up till now
3.in the past/last 3 years/…
4.since 1998, since+一段时间+ago, since+句子
(一般过去时)
5.for+一段时间
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常见
用法
及例
句 1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结
果。如:
He has turned off the light.
2.表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态, 也许还要
持续下去,常和for, since连用, 动词应用延续性动
词。如:
Mr. White has worked in this factory since it opened.
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常见
用法
及例
句 3.特殊用法:
(1)have/has gone to已经去某地了(人未回)
have/has been to曾经到过某地(人已回)
have/has been in待在某地(多长时间)
(2)It is/has been+时间段+since+一般过去时的句子.
(3)It/This is the+序数词+time+that从句(用现在完成
时). 这是……第……次……
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(1)实义动词还可以根据动作是否延续分为:①延续性动词;
②非延续性动词。#3
分类 定义 例词 例句
延续
性动
词 表示可以持续的动作
或状态,可以和表示
一段时间的时间状语
连用 live,stay, study,work,
keep,teach I have studied
in this school
for three years.
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分类 定义 例词 例句
非延
续性
动词 表示在短暂时间内可
以完成的动作,不可
以和表示一段时间的
时间状语连用 buy,lend,
borrow,die,
begin,stop,
arrive She bought a
nice watch.
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(2)若句中含有表示一段时间的时间状语,谓语动词应用延续
性动词;如果动词是非延续性动词,则要将非延续性动词转化为
延续性动词。常见转化见下表: #3
非延续性动词
(词组) 延续性动词
(词组) 非延续性动词
(词组) 延续性动词
(词组)
become be die be dead
begin/start be on lose be missing
finish be over marry be married
borrow keep put on wear/be in
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非延续性动词
(词组) 延续性动词
(词组) 非延续性动词
(词组) 延续性动词
(词组)
buy have arrive in/at/
reach/get to be in
come be here catch a cold have a cold
go away be away
(from) become ill/asleep be ill/asleep
leave be away fall ill/asleep be ill/asleep
close be closed come back be back
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非延续性动词
(词组) 延续性动词
(词组) 非延续性动词
(词组) 延续性动词
(词组)
open be open wake up be awake
如:I’ve left this school for eight years.(× )
I’ve been away from this school for eight years.(√)
1.个别时间状语可用于不同的时态中,如:always,
usually, often, sometimes, never等频度副词可用于一般现
在时和一般过去时,考生需结合语境确定正确的时态。如:
The girl is never late for school.
When my mother was young, she was never late for
school.
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2.一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
(1)两者都表示过去发生的事情。但一般过去时只强调过
去发生的事情本身,不涉及与现在的关系;现在完成时则强调过
去的动作对现在造成的影响,主要说明现在的情况。如:
I opened the door just now. 我刚才开了门。(指刚才做
了“开门”的动作,但现在门是否开着并未说明)
I have opened the door. 我已经把门打开了。(门现在还
开着)
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(2)现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影
响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以它不能和表示过去的时间
状语连用,例如:yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in
1990 等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发
生联系,它可以和上述表示过去的时间状语连用。如:
I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。(我了解这部电影
的内容)
I saw the film last week. 我上星期看了这部电影。
(只说明上星期看了这部电影,不涉及现在的情况)
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★短文填空解题技巧2-6 动词原形→has/have+动词过去分词
适用情况 示例
句子时态
为现在完
成时 通过上下文可推断出过
去发生的动作对现在有
影响 He has finished(finish)
his homework, so he can
play now.
有表示从过去延续到现
在的时间状语 She has lived(live) here
since 2020.
表示动作的重复 We have visited(visit)
this museum three times.
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考点测验
河北5年真题练
1.(2025河北50题节选)Jim and I went camping with our
parents. There we _______(teach) my pet cat how to clap
(拍) with his feet.
taught
2.(2025河北55题节选)I am sure it ___________(make)a
big difference in your future life.
will make
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3.(2025河北样卷44, 46, 47, 50, 53题节选)
During the week, Lucy and I take turns to set the table
for dinner and wash the dishes. On Monday, Wednesday and
Friday, Lucy ________(wash) the dishes and I set the
table. On Tuesday and Thursday, I do the dishes and Lucy
sets the table. Now she __________(set) the table. And
after dinner I ________(do) the dishes.
Last Sunday, Lucy _______(help) our dad cut the
grass. My mom and I went shopping. And we put everything
in the fridge when we ____(get) home.#3.2
washes
is setting
will do
helped
got
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4.(2024河北33题改编)Jenny is an early bird. She _____
(get) up at 6:00 in the morning.
5.(2024河北37题改编)I’m expecting a friend. I’m afraid I
___________(order) later.
6.(2024河北40题改编)Alex ____________(study) tea
culture since he came to China in 2010.
7.(2024河北75题节选)Lin Ming stood at the school gate
and waited for his sister. Just then, the bell ______(ring).
gets
will order
has studied
rang
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8.(2024河北78题节选)One day, Mrs. Lin picked up Lin
Ming and then they went to Lin Fang’s school together.
When Lin Ming saw her, he couldn’t wait to run to her.
“Fangfang,” Lin Ming ________(shout).
shouted
9.(2023河北37题改编)This book must be great. My sister
_________(read) it five times.
10.(2023河北38题改编)Some students ____________(play)
Taiji over there. Let’s go and join them.
has read
are playing
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11.(2023河北75题节选)In Mr. Zhao’s first class, he asked
us to draw a picture of ourselves. When he ____(get) to
my desk, he looked at my picture and said, “Wow! I like
those bright colors! That’s great!”
got
12.(2023河北78题节选)Mr. Zhao is patient and he always
_____(tell) us not to worry about giving wrong answers.
13.(2022河北38题改编)At this time yesterday, I __________
(take)a science exam here.
tells
was taking
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14.(2022河北73题节选)Mrs. Zhang always ______(like)
to help others.
likes
15.(2022河北77题节选)It was Mrs. Zhang’s birthday last
Saturday. She held a party and ________(invite) all the
neighbors.
invited
16.(2021河北73题节选)My mother _______(work) in a
toy shop. She loves her job.
works
17.(2021河北79题节选)Last week we played against
another school. They ran faster than us. However, we had
better teamwork. Finally, we _____(win)!
won
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拓展提升练
短文填空
He Sudan is one of China’s most famous sand painting
artists. Now she 1. _________(give) a sand painting show.
As the beautiful music is playing in the air, He Sudan
2. ______(pick) up some sand and throws it onto a drawing board. As her fingers move, the sand quickly
3. ______(turn) into flying snow with strong winds in a short time.
is giving
picks
turns
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Then a girl reading behind a window 4. _________(appear)
in front of people.
He Sudan 5. ____________(create) many valuable sand
paintings in recent years. And her works’ topics 6. ____(be)
mainly about the 24 solar terms(节气). The works she
created on lichun were so lively that they 7. ______(make)
many people completely understand lichun. What’s more, her
works about xiaoxue 8. ________(show) the beauty of the
appears
has created
are
made
showed
winter in the north of China. “The ceremonies(典礼) that
Chinese people perform on the 24 solar terms could show
their sense of romance(浪漫),” she said.
He Sudan 9. ________(start) to show her talent in
painting as a child. One day, her teacher 10. _______(ask)
the class who could use different things to create a painting.
While other students 11. ______________(think) about
traditional materials, she wanted to try something different
started
asked
were thinking
and created her own work. The teacher 12. ________(praise)
her work, which made her more confident.
Now she 13. _________(become) a teacher. Though she
is very busy, she spares time to create sand paintings. “I
feel that I 14. ______________(achieve) my dream of
bringing the traditional Chinese sand art to the world,” she
says. “But it is not enough, I 15. _____________(continue)
to create more works on this subject in the future.”#1.3
praised
becomes
have achieved
will continue
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