内容正文:
专题07 句子种类、长难句划分及其在读写中的运用
目录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 思维导图·网络构建 2
03 考点通关·靶向突破 3
★ 考点一 按用途分类 3
★ 考点二 按结构分类 5
考点三 长难句划分方法 13
04 优题精选·练能提分 14
考点
课标要求
复习目标
句子的基本种类
· 掌握英语句子的基本种类,能区分不同句子类型的用法和句式特点
1. 牢记句子种类(用途/结构)的分类、句式特点及基本用法,能快速区分不同句子类型;
2. 掌握长难句划分的核心方法,能准确划分句子成分、拆分复合句;
3. 提升读写中对句子种类、长难句的敏感度,能通过句子结构把握核心信息,突破阅读难点;
4. 书面表达中能灵活运用不同句子种类,规范书写并列句、复合句,优化句式结构,减少句式单一的问题。
长难句
· 掌握长难句的基本构成,学会划分长难句成分
在读写中运用
· 阅读中能准确判断句子种类,快速划分长难句结构,把握句子核心含义和语篇逻辑;
· 书面表达中能灵活运用不同句子种类丰富句式,能规范书写简单并列句、复合句,避免句式单一,提升表达流畅度和逻辑性。
命题预测
1.核心素养导向:侧重考查句子种类、长难句在真实语境中的运用,强调“语言运用”和“思维品质”,减少孤立的句式识记考查,注重逻辑分析能力;
2.读写融合趋势:阅读中长难句复杂度略有提升,多以“简单句+连词+从句”“并列句+复合句嵌套”形式出现,侧重考查划分能力和语义理解;书面表达中,句式多样性成为评分亮点,避免句式重复堆砌;
3.语境化、综合化倾向:命题多结合生活场景、文化介绍、观点表达等语篇,将句子种类辨析、长难句划分与语境理解、语义推理结合,考查综合运用能力。
解题锦囊
锦囊1:完形判类排错项
先判断句子种类(如疑问句找疑问词、复合句找引导词),再划分句子主干,排除与句子结构、语境不符的选项。
锦囊2:阅读理解三步走
长难句划分“三步走”——找主干(主谓宾)、划修饰(定状补)、拆从句(找引导词),先抓核心含义,再理解细节。
锦囊3:书面表达避单句
牢记“简单句为基、并列句衔接、复合句增色”,每段至少用1个并列句/复合句,避免单一简单句堆砌。
考点一 按用途分类
按用途划分,句子可以分为以下几类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。
陈述句
肯定句:“主语+ 谓语+ 其他.”叙述一个事实或看法等。
eg:I had a good rest. 我好好休息了一下。
否定句:“主语+ 助动词、情态动词或be 动词+not+ 谓语动词原形+ 其他.”否定一个事实或看法等。
eg:He isn't a worker. 他不是一名工人。
We have a lot of homework to do every day.(2025北京西城二模)
疑问句
1.一般疑问句
通常用yes 或no 来回答的疑问句叫作一般疑问句。
其句型结构为:“助动词、情态动词或be 动词+ 主语+ 其他?”
eg:Must I go now? 我现在必须走吗?
2.选择疑问句
以一般疑问句或特殊疑问句为基础,用or 连接两种或两种以上的情况,回答时,选择一种,不能用yes 或no 回答。
eg:—Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? 你更喜欢哪个,茶还是咖啡?
—Tea. 茶。
3.特殊疑问句
就句中某一部分进行提问的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词引导。
eg:When will you arrive in Beijing? 你什么时候将到达北京?
When will you go to the library?(2024北京中考真题)
祈使句
常见句型结构:
1)动词原形+ 其他.
eg:Come in. 进来。
2)Don't+ 动词原形+ 其他.
eg:Don't be late again. 不要再迟到了。
Open the window and let some fresh air in.(2023北京海淀模拟)
感叹句
1.What引导
What a/an+adj.+ 可数名词单数(+ 主语+ 谓语)!
What+adj.+ 可数名词复数/ 不可数名词(+ 主语+ 谓语)!
eg:What a fresh spring morning it is! 多么清新的一个春天的早晨啊!
2.How引导
How+ 主语+ 谓语!
How+adj./adv.+ 主语+ 谓语!
eg:How interesting the story is! 多么有趣的故事啊!
How beautiful the park is!(2025北京东城二模)
【易错提醒】
感叹句What/How辨析:What修饰名词(短语),How修饰形容词/副词(记:What+名词,How+adj./adv.)
1.(2025·北京)—Steve, ________ did you begin to learn how to play chess?
—About two years ago.
A.what B.when C.why D.where
2.(2024·北京)— Lily, your new schoolbag is pretty. ________ did you buy it?
— In a store near my home.
A.How B.Where C.Why D.When
3.(2023·北京)—________ do you tidy your own room?
—Twice a week.
A.How often B.How soon C.How much D.How long
4.(2022·北京)—_________ will Liu Yang stay in the space station this time?
—For six months.
A.How long B.How often C.How much D.How soon
5.(2022·北京)—_________ I take photos here?
—Sorry, you can't. It's not allowed in the museum.
A.Must B.Need C.Can D.Will
6.(2021·北京)—________ shall we meet for the picnic?
—At the school gate.
A.How B.When C.Why D.Where
7.(2025·北京海淀·三模)—________ will the new bridge be completed?
—In about two months.
A.How long B.How often C.How soon D.How far
8.(2025·北京房山·二模)—________ do you visit your grandparents, Sam?
—Once a week. We usually have a big dinner together.
A.How often B.How soon C.How much D.How long
9.(2025·北京门头沟·二模)—________ will the new library open?
—In a month.
A.How often B.How long C.How soon D.How far
10.(2025·北京石景山·二模)—_________ can I find good Chinese food?
—You should try the new restaurant on the King's Street.
A.What B.Where C.Why D.When
考点二 按结构分类
按结构划分,句子可以分为以下几类:简单句、并列句、复合句。
1、 简单句
1) 主语+谓语
谓语动词为不及物动词,本身就可以表达完整的概念,不需要宾语。通常可有副词、介词短语等修饰语。
eg:They are playing. 他们正在玩耍。
2) 主语+系动词+表语
系动词本身不能表达完整的意思,需要加形容词、名词或介词短语等来补充说明主语。eg:Sports are good for your health. 运动对你的健康有益。
3) 主语+谓语+宾语
谓语动词为及物动词,后面必须加上宾语意思才完整,句子中作宾语成分的通常是名词、代词或具有名词性质的词。
eg:The boy likes running. 这个男孩喜欢跑步。
She likes reading books in the evening.(2024北京房山一模)
4) 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+宾语
谓语动词为及物动词,但此类及物动词需要跟双宾语才能表达完整概念,如give, pass 等。eg:Please give me the book. 请给我这本书。
5) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
此类谓语动词后面只跟一个宾语不能把句意表达清楚,后面必须再接补语意思才会完整,这种句型中的“宾语+ 宾语补足语”统称为“复合宾语”。名词、形容词、副词、分词、动词不定式、介词短语等可充当宾语补足语。
eg:I invited him to have dinner. 我邀请他吃晚饭。
6) 存现句
表达“某个地方或某个时间存在某物或某人”时常用“There be+ 名词+ 地点(时间)” 这一句型,其问句形式是将be 提至there 之前,否定形式则直接在be 后加not。
eg:There is one book and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。
2、 并列句
1. 定义
把两个简单句,用并列连词连在一起,就是并列句。
结构:
简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句
2. 常考 4 个连词
and 和、而且(表顺承);but 但是(表转折);or 或者、否则(表选择/警告);so 所以(表结果)
Eg.
I like English, and my sister likes math.
He is tired, but he still works hard.
Hurry up, or you'll be late.
It rained, so we stayed at home.
I wanted to go out, but it started to rain.(2024北京中考真题)
3、 复合句
(1) 名词性从句
宾语从句
1. 定义
一个句子在另一个句子里当宾语。
结构:
主句 + 引导词 + 从句(陈述句语序)
2. 三大考点
① 引导词
陈述句 → that(可省)
一般疑问句 → if / whether(是否)
特殊疑问句 → what / where / when / who / how 等
② 语序:必须用陈述句语序
❌ 错误:I don't know where is he.
✅ 正确:I don't know where he is.
③ 时态:主现从不限,主过从必过
主句现在时 → 从句随便时态
主句过去时 → 从句必须用过去的某种时态
3. eg
He says (that) he likes apples.
I want to know if you are free.
Could you tell me how I can get there?
主语从句
定义:用一个句子充当句子的主语(放在句首,相当于名词“什么事、什么人”)。
That he is late is true. 他迟到了,这是真的。(That引导主语从句,“他迟到了”这件事当主语)
What you said is right. 你说的话是对的。(What引导主语从句,“你说的话”当主语)
表语从句
定义:用一个句子充当句子的表语(放在be动词、系动词后面,说明主语“是什么、怎么样”)。
结构:主语 + be动词/系动词(look/seem等) + 引导词 + 从句
My dream is that I can go to a good high school. 我的梦想是我能考上一所好高中。(that引导表语从句,说明“梦想是什么”)
It seems that he is happy today. 他今天好像很开心。(固定句式,that引导表语从句)
同位语从句
定义:用一个句子,解释说明前面的名词(常见名词:fact事实、news消息、idea想法等),相当于给名词“补充说明”。
I heard the news that our team won. 我听到了我们队赢了的消息。(that引导同位语从句,解释“消息”的具体内容)
He has an idea that we can go hiking tomorrow. 他有一个想法,我们明天可以去徒步。(that引导同位语从句,解释“想法”是什么)
(二)状语从句
1.时间状语从句
在句中起时间状语作用的句子称为时间状语从句。引导时间状语从句的从属连词有
when, while, until, since, as soon as, after, before 等。
主将从现是高频考点。
He will call me as soon as he _______(get) home.
gets
eg: My brother is going to be a scientist when he grows up.
since 引导的从句时态为一般过去时态,主句为现在完成时态。
We have lived here since we were born.
Miss Wang has been a math teacher since she graduated from the university.
2.原因状语从句
在句中用来说明主句原因的从句称为原因状语从句。引导原因状语从句的从属连词 主要是because,since, as。注意:原因状语从句连词不能与so 连用。
eg: Mr. Wang felt a little unhappy because his son couldn't pass the final exam.
3.条件状语从句
在句中作条件状语的从句称为条件状语从句。引导条件状语从句的常用引导词有if,unless, as long as 等。注意:主从句时态方面也要遵循“主将从现”的原则。
eg: We are going to have a picnic if it is fine tomorrow.
4.让步状语从句
让步状语从句通常表达“退一步说……”,主要由从属连词though, although, even though, even if 引导,一般译为“尽管;即使”。注意:不能与but 连用。
eg: Though the old man lives alone, he doesn't feel lonely at all.
5.比较状语从句
比较状语从句主要用于含有形容词和副词的原级、比较级及最高级的句子中。
(1)原级:as…as(和……一样),not so/as…as…(和……不一样)(高频考点句型);
eg:Jim runs as fast as Tom.
(2)比较级:比较级+than(更……);
eg:Jim runs faster than Tom.
(3)最高级:the+ 最高级+in/of。
eg:Jim runs the fastest in his class.
6.结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由so…that.../so that 或such…that... 引导。其常用句型:such+a/an+形容词+ 可数名词单数+that 从句;so+ 形容词/ 副词+that 从句。
eg: Our teacher is so kind that we all like her. =She is such a kind teacher that we all like her.
7.地点状语从句
表示动作发生的地点、位置。
引导词where。
Eg.You can go where you like.你可以去你喜欢的任何地方。
Stay where you are.待在原地别动。
8.目的状语从句
so that 为了,以便
in order that 为了(比 so that 正式一点)
so that / in order that + 从句(常跟 can / could / may / might)
eg
I get up early so that I can catch the bus.
我早起是为了能赶上公交车。
She spoke loudly in order that everyone could hear her.
她大声说话,为了让每个人都能听见。
(3) 定语从句
用来修饰名词/代词的句子,相当于一个长形容词。
被修饰的词叫先行词(人/物/地点),先行词起到决定关系代词的作用。
eg: Do you know the boy who/that is in a white jacket?
你认识那个穿着白色夹克衫的男孩子吗?
连接两个句子的词叫 关系词(that/which/who/where),分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词:关系代词(that, who, which)指代先行词并在定语从句中充当一定的成分,通常作
主语和宾语。that 指代人或物,who 指代人,which 指代物。
eg: My little brother likes books which/that are about math.
我弟弟喜欢关于数学的书。
1.who → 修饰 人
The girl who is singing is my friend.
正在唱歌的那个女孩是我的朋友。
2.which → 修饰 物
This is the book which I like.
这是我喜欢的那本书。
3.that → 修饰 人或物
The boy that won is my brother.
The car that runs fast is cool.
关系副词:专门修饰“地点、时间、原因”,从句不缺主语/宾语,只表“在某地、在某时、由于”。
1.when
先行词是时间
例:I remember the day when I met you.
译:我记得遇见你的那一天。
2.where
先行词是地点
例:This is the school where I study.
译:这是我学习的学校。
3.why
先行词只有 reason
例:That is the reason why he was late.
译:那就是他迟到的原因。
单项选择
1.(2025·甘肃张掖·三模)What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “They are swimming in the river now.”?
A.S+V+P B.S+V C.S+V+O D.S+V+O+OC
2.(2025·甘肃平凉·三模)The sentence structure of “Tom is playing basketball.” is ________.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC
3.(2025·安徽六安·模拟预测)The sentence structure of “Mr Zhang teaches us English.” is _________.
A.S+V+DO B.S+V+IO+DO
C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+P
4.(2025·甘肃张掖·模拟预测)Which is the sentence pattern of “He bought you a dictionary yesterday.”?
A.S+V+O B.S+Ⅴ+IO+DO C.S+V D.S+V+O+OC
5.(2025·江西抚州·模拟预测)The view from the top of Mount Lu is amazing, ________ it draws many tourists every year.
A.when B.if C.so D.but
6.(2025·北京)Janet has done a lot for us, ________ we want to write her a thank-you letter.
A.or B.but C.so D.for
7.(2025·云南)Fast food tastes delicious. ________ eating it too often is bad for your health.
A.Or B.And C.But D.So
8.(2025·山东东营)________ you've finished your homework, you may go out and play.
A.Since B.Before C.Unless D.Although
9.(2025·江苏镇江)—My parents will give me a red packet after my graduation!
—I wonder ________.
A.how much money have you got B.what you bought with the money
C.if you will give it to your parents D.that you will deal with the money
10.(2025·西藏)The story ________ my grandfather told me about Qian Xuesen is touching.
A.who B.whom C.whose D.which
考点三 长难句划分方法
1.第一步:找主干(核心):先找出句子的主语和谓语,忽略修饰成分(定语、状语),明确句子核心含义(主谓宾/主系表);
示例:The girl who is wearing a red dress is reading a book in the library.(主干:The girl is reading a book.)
2.第二步:划修饰(细节):找出修饰名词的定语(形容词、定语从句)、修饰动词/形容词的状语(副词、状语从句、介词短语),标注修饰对象;
示例:(定语:who is wearing a red dress 修饰the girl;状语:in the library 修饰is reading)
3.第三步:拆从句(复合句):找到从句引导词(that/which/when/where等),区分主句和从句,明确从句类型(定语/状语/宾语),逐一理解;
示例:I will go to the park with my friend when the rain stops.(主句:I will go to the park with my friend;从句:when the rain stops 状语从句,引导词when)
1.(2024北京)
What does the underlined sentence mean?
(原文定位)The student who worked hard for three months finally passed the exam that was very difficult.
长难句划分:
1 找主干:The student finally passed the exam.(学生最终通过了考试);
② 划修饰:who worked hard for three months(定语从句,修饰the student,“努力学习了三个月的”);that was very difficult(定语从句,修饰the exam,“非常难的”);
③ 整合含义:努力学习了三个月的那个学生,最终通过了那场非常难的考试。
技巧:按“找主干→划修饰→拆从句”三步走,先抓核心含义,再补充细节,突破长难句理解障碍。
2.(2025北京朝阳二模)
请介绍你的周末生活(提示:灵活运用不同句子种类,避免简单句堆砌)
参考范文片段:
My weekends are very colorful.(陈述句)On Saturday morning, I usually do my homework carefully.(陈述句)In the afternoon, I go to the gym with my brother because I like doing sports.(复合句,原因状语从句)On Sunday, we often go to the park to play games.(陈述句)How happy we are when we play together!(感叹句)Sometimes I read books at home, but my brother likes watching TV.(并列句)
解析:结合陈述句(核心叙述)、复合句(because引导原因状语从句)、感叹句(表达情感)、并列句(but衔接对比),句式多样,符合书面表达评分要求,避免了单一简单句堆砌,提升了流畅度。
技巧:书面表达中,每段搭配“陈述句+1个并列句/复合句+1个感叹句(可选)”,既保证语义连贯,又能丰富句式。
单项选择
1.Sad movies make me want to cry.
A.宾语补足语 B.间接宾语 C.直接宾语 D.表语
2.He likes music that he can dance to.
A.主语 B.宾语 C.定语 D.状语
3.They brought her some food and money.
A.直接宾语 B.定语 C.表语 D.间接宾语
4.The food in Sichuan tastes delicious.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.定语 D.状语
5.—________ do you go to your school library?
—We borrow books twice a month. You can find different kinds of books there.
A.How soon B.How often C.How long D.How far
6.—________ more time for the students to rest and relax in the future?
—Yes! To start with, their break time between classes is longer now.
A.Is there B.Are there C.Will there be D.Will there have
7.—Are people in Internet companies complaining about long working hours?
—Yes. They make great contributions to IT industry, ________ they can't achieve a balance between life and work.
A.or B.if C.but D.since
8.Remember to return the book to the library on time, ________ you will be fined.
A.but B.and C.so D.or
9.—I wonder ________.
—I'm not sure. Maybe in a few years.
A.why you buy that pair of shoes B.how to use this washing machine
C.where I can meet my favorite singer D.how soon the robots will be widely used
10.Many people are aware of pollution, ________ they often don't take action to reduce it.
A.but B.and C.so D.or
11.— Excuse me. Do you have a table for two?
— I'm sorry. There aren't any seats now, ________ would you mind waiting a while?
A.so B.or C.but D.and
12.We didn't think she could reach the final of the match, ________ she won the gold medal.
A.but B.for C.or D.so
13.You should give your parents a phone call if you go home late, ________ they will worry about you.
A.or B.and C.so D.but
14.Which of the following sentences is different from the others in the sentence structure?
A.We call this charity activity “Spring Hope”.
B.Every student is going to give a helping hand.
C.All the volunteers make the activity a great success.
D.We consider this activity challenging but meaningful.
15.Which of the following sentences' structures is different from the others?
A.I often hear some birds sing in the park. B.My father bought me a toy train yesterday.
C.The robot brought some trouble to Mr. Jiang. D.Amy showed me some pictures of her family.
16.Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “Running is a good way to exercise.”?
A.People who run will have a healthier heart.
B.Running gives you a chance to enjoy views.
C.You can hear the wind blowing while running.
D.Starting an exercising habit sounds wonderful.
17.All the teachers think that he is _________ good storyteller _________ he will be a good writer in the future.
A.so, that B.such a, that C.so a, that D.quite a, that
18.—Why didn't you go to bed early last night?
—I had to wait ________ my brother came back. He was caught in the rain.
A.while B.till C.because D.unless
19.—You should do some housework for me _________ you have grown up.
—OK, dad, I will _________ I have a lot of homework to do.
A.unless, since B.since, if C.although, until D.since, unless
20.________ you have the ability to manage the company, you'd better not apply for the challenging job.
A.Unless B.Since C.Although D.If
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专题07 句子种类、长难句划分及其在读写中的运用
目录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 思维导图·网络构建 2
03 考点通关·靶向突破 3
★ 考点一 按用途分类 3
★ 考点二 按结构分类 7
考点三 长难句划分方法 16
04 优题精选·练能提分 18
考点
课标要求
复习目标
句子的基本种类
· 掌握英语句子的基本种类,能区分不同句子类型的用法和句式特点
1. 牢记句子种类(用途/结构)的分类、句式特点及基本用法,能快速区分不同句子类型;
2. 掌握长难句划分的核心方法,能准确划分句子成分、拆分复合句;
3. 提升读写中对句子种类、长难句的敏感度,能通过句子结构把握核心信息,突破阅读难点;
4. 书面表达中能灵活运用不同句子种类,规范书写并列句、复合句,优化句式结构,减少句式单一的问题。
长难句
· 掌握长难句的基本构成,学会划分长难句成分
在读写中运用
· 阅读中能准确判断句子种类,快速划分长难句结构,把握句子核心含义和语篇逻辑;
· 书面表达中能灵活运用不同句子种类丰富句式,能规范书写简单并列句、复合句,避免句式单一,提升表达流畅度和逻辑性。
命题预测
1.核心素养导向:侧重考查句子种类、长难句在真实语境中的运用,强调“语言运用”和“思维品质”,减少孤立的句式识记考查,注重逻辑分析能力;
2.读写融合趋势:阅读中长难句复杂度略有提升,多以“简单句+连词+从句”“并列句+复合句嵌套”形式出现,侧重考查划分能力和语义理解;书面表达中,句式多样性成为评分亮点,避免句式重复堆砌;
3.语境化、综合化倾向:命题多结合生活场景、文化介绍、观点表达等语篇,将句子种类辨析、长难句划分与语境理解、语义推理结合,考查综合运用能力。
解题锦囊
锦囊1:完形判类排错项
先判断句子种类(如疑问句找疑问词、复合句找引导词),再划分句子主干,排除与句子结构、语境不符的选项。
锦囊2:阅读理解三步走
长难句划分“三步走”——找主干(主谓宾)、划修饰(定状补)、拆从句(找引导词),先抓核心含义,再理解细节。
锦囊3:书面表达避单句
牢记“简单句为基、并列句衔接、复合句增色”,每段至少用1个并列句/复合句,避免单一简单句堆砌。
考点一 按用途分类
按用途划分,句子可以分为以下几类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。
陈述句
肯定句:“主语+ 谓语+ 其他.”叙述一个事实或看法等。
eg:I had a good rest. 我好好休息了一下。
否定句:“主语+ 助动词、情态动词或be 动词+not+ 谓语动词原形+ 其他.”否定一个事实或看法等。
eg:He isn't a worker. 他不是一名工人。
We have a lot of homework to do every day.(2025北京西城二模)
疑问句
1.一般疑问句
通常用yes 或no 来回答的疑问句叫作一般疑问句。
其句型结构为:“助动词、情态动词或be 动词+ 主语+ 其他?”
eg:Must I go now? 我现在必须走吗?
2.选择疑问句
以一般疑问句或特殊疑问句为基础,用or 连接两种或两种以上的情况,回答时,选择一种,不能用yes 或no 回答。
eg:—Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? 你更喜欢哪个,茶还是咖啡?
—Tea. 茶。
3.特殊疑问句
就句中某一部分进行提问的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词引导。
eg:When will you arrive in Beijing? 你什么时候将到达北京?
When will you go to the library?(2024北京中考真题)
祈使句
常见句型结构:
1)动词原形+ 其他.
eg:Come in. 进来。
2)Don't+ 动词原形+ 其他.
eg:Don't be late again. 不要再迟到了。
Open the window and let some fresh air in.(2023北京海淀模拟)
感叹句
1.What引导
What a/an+adj.+ 可数名词单数(+ 主语+ 谓语)!
What+adj.+ 可数名词复数/ 不可数名词(+ 主语+ 谓语)!
eg:What a fresh spring morning it is! 多么清新的一个春天的早晨啊!
2.How引导
How+ 主语+ 谓语!
How+adj./adv.+ 主语+ 谓语!
eg:How interesting the story is! 多么有趣的故事啊!
How beautiful the park is!(2025北京东城二模)
【易错提醒】
感叹句What/How辨析:What修饰名词(短语),How修饰形容词/副词(记:What+名词,How+adj./adv.)
1.(2025·北京)—Steve, ________ did you begin to learn how to play chess?
—About two years ago.
A.what B.when C.why D.where
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——Steve,你什么时候开始学习下棋的?——大约两年前。
考查特殊疑问句。what什么;when什么时候;why为什么;where在哪里。根据“About two years ago.”可知,此处询问时间,用when提问。故选B。
2.(2024·北京)— Lily, your new schoolbag is pretty. ________ did you buy it?
— In a store near my home.
A.How B.Where C.Why D.When
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——莉莉,你的新书包很漂亮。你在哪里买的?——在我家附近的一家商店。
考查特殊疑问句。How怎么;Where哪里;Why为什么;When 什么时候。根据答语“In a store near my home”可知,此处询问在哪里买的书包,应用where。故选B。
3.(2023·北京)—________ do you tidy your own room?
—Twice a week.
A.How often B.How soon C.How much D.How long
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——你多久整理一次你自己的房间?——一周两次。
考查疑问词组。How often多久一次;How soon多久以后;How much多少(钱);How long多久。根据“Twice a week.”可知询问频率,用How often提问。故选A。
4.(2022·北京)—_________ will Liu Yang stay in the space station this time?
—For six months.
A.How long B.How often C.How much D.How soon
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——这次刘洋会在空间站待多久?——六个月。
考查特殊疑问句。How long多久;How often多久一次;How much多少钱;How soon多久之后。根据答语“For six months.”可知,此处对时长进行提问,故选A。
5.(2022·北京)—_________ I take photos here?
—Sorry, you can't. It's not allowed in the museum.
A.Must B.Need C.Can D.Will
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——我可以在这里拍照吗?——对不起,你不能。博物馆不允许拍照。
考查动词辨析。Must必须;Need需要;Can可以;Will将会。根据答语“Sorry, you can't”可知,用can提问,用can/can't回答。故选C。
6.(2021·北京)—________ shall we meet for the picnic?
—At the school gate.
A.How B.When C.Why D.Where
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——我们野餐在哪里见面?——在学校门口。
考查特殊疑问句。How如何;When何时;Why为什么;Where哪里。根据“At the school gate.”可知,此处对地点提问,故选D。
7.(2025·北京海淀·三模)—________ will the new bridge be completed?
—In about two months.
A.How long B.How often C.How soon D.How far
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——新桥还要多久可以建好?——大约两个月后。
考查疑问词辨析。how long多久,多长时间,用“for+一段时间回答”;how often多久一次,提问频率;how soon多久以后,用“in+一段时间”回答;how far多远,提问距离。根据回答“In about two months”可知,询问的是多久后新桥才可以建好。故选C。
8.(2025·北京房山·二模)—________ do you visit your grandparents, Sam?
—Once a week. We usually have a big dinner together.
A.How often B.How soon C.How much D.How long
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——你多久看望一次你的祖父母,山姆?——一周一次。我们通常一起吃一顿丰盛的晚餐。
考查特殊疑问词组。How often“多久一次”,对动作发生的频率提问;How soon“多久以后”,通常对将来的时间提问;How much“多少”,对不可数名词的数量或价格提问;How long“多长”,对时间长度或物体长度提问。根据“Once a week.”可知,这是动作发生的频率,用How often进行提问。故选A。
9.(2025·北京门头沟·二模)—________ will the new library open?
—In a month.
A.How often B.How long C.How soon D.How far
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——新图书馆什么时候开放?——在一个月后。
考查特殊疑问句。How often多久一次;How long多长;How soon多久以后;How far多远。根据“In a month.”可知,此处询问图书馆在多久之后开放,应用How soon。故选C。
10.(2025·北京石景山·二模)—_________ can I find good Chinese food?
—You should try the new restaurant on the King's Street.
A.What B.Where C.Why D.When
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——我在哪里可以找到好的中国菜?——你应该试试国王街上的新餐馆。
考查疑问词辨析。What什么;Where哪里;Why为什么;When什么时候。根据答语“the new restaurant on the King's Street”可知,问句询问的是地点,Where符合语境。故选B。
考点二 按结构分类
按结构划分,句子可以分为以下几类:简单句、并列句、复合句。
1、 简单句
1) 主语+谓语
谓语动词为不及物动词,本身就可以表达完整的概念,不需要宾语。通常可有副词、介词短语等修饰语。
eg:They are playing. 他们正在玩耍。
2) 主语+系动词+表语
系动词本身不能表达完整的意思,需要加形容词、名词或介词短语等来补充说明主语。eg:Sports are good for your health. 运动对你的健康有益。
3) 主语+谓语+宾语
谓语动词为及物动词,后面必须加上宾语意思才完整,句子中作宾语成分的通常是名词、代词或具有名词性质的词。
eg:The boy likes running. 这个男孩喜欢跑步。
She likes reading books in the evening.(2024北京房山一模)
4) 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+宾语
谓语动词为及物动词,但此类及物动词需要跟双宾语才能表达完整概念,如give, pass 等。eg:Please give me the book. 请给我这本书。
5) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
此类谓语动词后面只跟一个宾语不能把句意表达清楚,后面必须再接补语意思才会完整,这种句型中的“宾语+ 宾语补足语”统称为“复合宾语”。名词、形容词、副词、分词、动词不定式、介词短语等可充当宾语补足语。
eg:I invited him to have dinner. 我邀请他吃晚饭。
6) 存现句
表达“某个地方或某个时间存在某物或某人”时常用“There be+ 名词+ 地点(时间)” 这一句型,其问句形式是将be 提至there 之前,否定形式则直接在be 后加not。
eg:There is one book and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。
2、 并列句
1. 定义
把两个简单句,用并列连词连在一起,就是并列句。
结构:
简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句
2. 常考 4 个连词
and 和、而且(表顺承);but 但是(表转折);or 或者、否则(表选择/警告);so 所以(表结果)
Eg.
I like English, and my sister likes math.
He is tired, but he still works hard.
Hurry up, or you'll be late.
It rained, so we stayed at home.
I wanted to go out, but it started to rain.(2024北京中考真题)
3、 复合句
(1) 名词性从句
宾语从句
1. 定义
一个句子在另一个句子里当宾语。
结构:
主句 + 引导词 + 从句(陈述句语序)
2. 三大考点
① 引导词
陈述句 → that(可省)
一般疑问句 → if / whether(是否)
特殊疑问句 → what / where / when / who / how 等
② 语序:必须用陈述句语序
❌ 错误:I don't know where is he.
✅ 正确:I don't know where he is.
③ 时态:主现从不限,主过从必过
主句现在时 → 从句随便时态
主句过去时 → 从句必须用过去的某种时态
3. eg
He says (that) he likes apples.
I want to know if you are free.
Could you tell me how I can get there?
主语从句
定义:用一个句子充当句子的主语(放在句首,相当于名词“什么事、什么人”)。
That he is late is true. 他迟到了,这是真的。(That引导主语从句,“他迟到了”这件事当主语)
What you said is right. 你说的话是对的。(What引导主语从句,“你说的话”当主语)
表语从句
定义:用一个句子充当句子的表语(放在be动词、系动词后面,说明主语“是什么、怎么样”)。
结构:主语 + be动词/系动词(look/seem等) + 引导词 + 从句
My dream is that I can go to a good high school. 我的梦想是我能考上一所好高中。(that引导表语从句,说明“梦想是什么”)
It seems that he is happy today. 他今天好像很开心。(固定句式,that引导表语从句)
同位语从句
定义:用一个句子,解释说明前面的名词(常见名词:fact事实、news消息、idea想法等),相当于给名词“补充说明”。
I heard the news that our team won. 我听到了我们队赢了的消息。(that引导同位语从句,解释“消息”的具体内容)
He has an idea that we can go hiking tomorrow. 他有一个想法,我们明天可以去徒步。(that引导同位语从句,解释“想法”是什么)
(二)状语从句
1.时间状语从句
在句中起时间状语作用的句子称为时间状语从句。引导时间状语从句的从属连词有
when, while, until, since, as soon as, after, before 等。
主将从现是高频考点。
He will call me as soon as he _______(get) home.
gets
eg: My brother is going to be a scientist when he grows up.
since 引导的从句时态为一般过去时态,主句为现在完成时态。
We have lived here since we were born.
Miss Wang has been a math teacher since she graduated from the university.
2.原因状语从句
在句中用来说明主句原因的从句称为原因状语从句。引导原因状语从句的从属连词 主要是because,since, as。注意:原因状语从句连词不能与so 连用。
eg: Mr. Wang felt a little unhappy because his son couldn't pass the final exam.
3.条件状语从句
在句中作条件状语的从句称为条件状语从句。引导条件状语从句的常用引导词有if,unless, as long as 等。注意:主从句时态方面也要遵循“主将从现”的原则。
eg: We are going to have a picnic if it is fine tomorrow.
4.让步状语从句
让步状语从句通常表达“退一步说……”,主要由从属连词though, although, even though, even if 引导,一般译为“尽管;即使”。注意:不能与but 连用。
eg: Though the old man lives alone, he doesn't feel lonely at all.
5.比较状语从句
比较状语从句主要用于含有形容词和副词的原级、比较级及最高级的句子中。
(1)原级:as…as(和……一样),not so/as…as…(和……不一样)(高频考点句型);
eg:Jim runs as fast as Tom.
(2)比较级:比较级+than(更……);
eg:Jim runs faster than Tom.
(3)最高级:the+ 最高级+in/of。
eg:Jim runs the fastest in his class.
6.结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由so…that.../so that 或such…that... 引导。其常用句型:such+a/an+形容词+ 可数名词单数+that 从句;so+ 形容词/ 副词+that 从句。
eg: Our teacher is so kind that we all like her. =She is such a kind teacher that we all like her.
7.地点状语从句
表示动作发生的地点、位置。
引导词where。
Eg.You can go where you like.你可以去你喜欢的任何地方。
Stay where you are.待在原地别动。
8.目的状语从句
so that 为了,以便
in order that 为了(比 so that 正式一点)
so that / in order that + 从句(常跟 can / could / may / might)
eg
I get up early so that I can catch the bus.
我早起是为了能赶上公交车。
She spoke loudly in order that everyone could hear her.
她大声说话,为了让每个人都能听见。
(3) 定语从句
用来修饰名词/代词的句子,相当于一个长形容词。
被修饰的词叫先行词(人/物/地点),先行词起到决定关系代词的作用。
eg: Do you know the boy who/that is in a white jacket?
你认识那个穿着白色夹克衫的男孩子吗?
连接两个句子的词叫 关系词(that/which/who/where),分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词:关系代词(that, who, which)指代先行词并在定语从句中充当一定的成分,通常作
主语和宾语。that 指代人或物,who 指代人,which 指代物。
eg: My little brother likes books which/that are about math.
我弟弟喜欢关于数学的书。
1.who → 修饰 人
The girl who is singing is my friend.
正在唱歌的那个女孩是我的朋友。
2.which → 修饰 物
This is the book which I like.
这是我喜欢的那本书。
3.that → 修饰 人或物
The boy that won is my brother.
The car that runs fast is cool.
关系副词:专门修饰“地点、时间、原因”,从句不缺主语/宾语,只表“在某地、在某时、由于”。
1.when
先行词是时间
例:I remember the day when I met you.
译:我记得遇见你的那一天。
2.where
先行词是地点
例:This is the school where I study.
译:这是我学习的学校。
3.why
先行词只有 reason
例:That is the reason why he was late.
译:那就是他迟到的原因。
单项选择
1.(2025·甘肃张掖·三模)What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “They are swimming in the river now.”?
A.S+V+P B.S+V C.S+V+O D.S+V+O+OC
【答案】B
【解析】句意:“They are swimming in the river now.”这个句子的句型是什么?
考查句子结构。S+V+P主语+系动词+表语;S+V主语+不及物动词;S+V+O主语+及物动词+宾语;S+V+O+OC主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。在句子“They are swimming in the river now.”中,“They”是主语,“are swimming”是谓语动词(现在进行时,表示动作正在进行),“in the river”是地点状语,“now”是时间状语。这个句子没有宾语,因为“swimming”是不及物动词,不需要宾语来完成句子的意思。所以,这个句子的句型是S+V(主语+不及物动词)。故选B。
2.(2025·甘肃平凉·三模)The sentence structure of “Tom is playing basketball.” is ________.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC
【答案】A
【解析】句意:“Tom is playing basketball.”的句子结构是主语+谓语+宾语。
考查句子基本结构辨析。S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语;S+V+P主语+系动词+表语;S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;S+V+DO+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。分析句子结构可知,Tom,作主语;is playing作谓语;basketball作宾语,属于“主语+谓语+宾语”(S+V+O)的基本结构。故选A。
3.(2025·安徽六安·模拟预测)The sentence structure of “Mr Zhang teaches us English.” is _________.
A.S+V+DO B.S+V+IO+DO
C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+P
【答案】B
【解析】句意:“张老师教我们英语。”这个句子的结构是主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。
考查句子结构辨析。S+V+DO 主语+谓语+宾语;S+V+IO+DO 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;S+V+DO+OC 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语;S+V+P 主语+谓语+表语。根据句子“Mr Zhang teaches us English.”可知,“us”是间接宾语,“English”是直接宾语,符合“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构,故选B。
4.(2025·甘肃张掖·模拟预测)Which is the sentence pattern of “He bought you a dictionary yesterday.”?
A.S+V+O B.S+Ⅴ+IO+DO C.S+V D.S+V+O+OC
【答案】B
【解析】句意:哪个是“他昨天给你买了一本字典”的句型?
考查句子结构。S+V+O主谓宾;S+Ⅴ+IO+DO主谓双宾;S+V主谓;S+V+O+OC主谓宾宾补。分析句子可知,He主语;bought谓语;you间接宾语;a dictionary直接宾语;yesterday状语。故选B。
5.(2025·江西抚州·模拟预测)The view from the top of Mount Lu is amazing, ________ it draws many tourists every year.
A.when B.if C.so D.but
【答案】C
【解析】句意:庐山山顶的景色令人惊叹,所以每年都吸引了许多游客。
考查连词辨析。when当……时候,引导时间状语从句;if如果,引导条件状语从句;so所以,表因果关系;but但是,表转折关系。根据“The view from the top of Mount Lu is amazing...it draws many tourists every year.”可知,句中表述庐山山顶景色令人惊叹,“因此”每年吸引很多游客,前后是因果关系。故选C。
6.(2025·北京)Janet has done a lot for us, ________ we want to write her a thank-you letter.
A.or B.but C.so D.for
【答案】C
【解析】句意:珍妮特为我们做了很多,所以我们想给她写一封感谢信。
考查连词辨析。or或者;but但是;so因此;for因为。分析句子可知,因为珍妮特为我们做了很多,所以给她写感谢信,前后是因果关系,应用so连接。故选C。
7.(2025·云南)Fast food tastes delicious. ________ eating it too often is bad for your health.
A.Or B.And C.But D.So
【答案】C
【解析】句意:快餐尝起来很美味。但是吃得太多对你的健康有害。
考查并列连词辨析。Or否则;And和;But但是;So所以。由“Fast food tastes delicious”与“eating it too often is bad for your health”可知,前后句为转折关系,指的是虽然好吃,但吃太多不好。应用But连接。故选C。
8.(2025·山东东营)________ you've finished your homework, you may go out and play.
A.Since B.Before C.Unless D.Although
【答案】A
【解析】句意:既然你完成了作业,你就可以出去玩。
考查连词辨析。Since既然;Before在……之前;Unless除非;Although虽然。根据“you've finished your homework, you may go out and play.”可知是指既然完成了作业,就可以出去玩了。故选A。
9.(2025·江苏镇江)—My parents will give me a red packet after my graduation!
—I wonder ________.
A.how much money have you got B.what you bought with the money
C.if you will give it to your parents D.that you will deal with the money
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——我毕业后父母会给我一个红包!——我想知道你是否会把它交给你的父母。
考查宾语从句。how much money have you got,语法错误,在宾语从句中,应使用陈述句语序;what you bought with the money,时态错误,根据“My parents will give me a red packet after my graduation!”可知,钱尚未收到,因此不能用过去时;that you will deal with the money,引导词错误,此处应表示“想知道如何处理钱”,应用how引导;C项符合,此处表示好奇对方是否会把红包给父母。故选C。
10.(2025·西藏)The story ________ my grandfather told me about Qian Xuesen is touching.
A.who B.whom C.whose D.which
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我祖父告诉我的关于钱学森的故事很感人。
考查定语从句关系代词。who指代人,在句中作主语;whom指代人,在句中作宾语;whose表示所属关系,在句中作定语;which指代事物,在句中作主语或宾语。根据“The story... mygrand father told me about Qian Xuesen...”可知,先行词是“story”故事,指代事物,且从句中缺少宾语,故选D。
考点三 长难句划分方法
1.第一步:找主干(核心):先找出句子的主语和谓语,忽略修饰成分(定语、状语),明确句子核心含义(主谓宾/主系表);
示例:The girl who is wearing a red dress is reading a book in the library.(主干:The girl is reading a book.)
2.第二步:划修饰(细节):找出修饰名词的定语(形容词、定语从句)、修饰动词/形容词的状语(副词、状语从句、介词短语),标注修饰对象;
示例:(定语:who is wearing a red dress 修饰the girl;状语:in the library 修饰is reading)
3.第三步:拆从句(复合句):找到从句引导词(that/which/when/where等),区分主句和从句,明确从句类型(定语/状语/宾语),逐一理解;
示例:I will go to the park with my friend when the rain stops.(主句:I will go to the park with my friend;从句:when the rain stops 状语从句,引导词when)
1.(2024北京)
What does the underlined sentence mean?
(原文定位)The student who worked hard for three months finally passed the exam that was very difficult.
长难句划分:
1 找主干:The student finally passed the exam.(学生最终通过了考试);
② 划修饰:who worked hard for three months(定语从句,修饰the student,“努力学习了三个月的”);that was very difficult(定语从句,修饰the exam,“非常难的”);
③ 整合含义:努力学习了三个月的那个学生,最终通过了那场非常难的考试。
技巧:按“找主干→划修饰→拆从句”三步走,先抓核心含义,再补充细节,突破长难句理解障碍。
2.(2025北京朝阳二模)
请介绍你的周末生活(提示:灵活运用不同句子种类,避免简单句堆砌)
参考范文片段:
My weekends are very colorful.(陈述句)On Saturday morning, I usually do my homework carefully.(陈述句)In the afternoon, I go to the gym with my brother because I like doing sports.(复合句,原因状语从句)On Sunday, we often go to the park to play games.(陈述句)How happy we are when we play together!(感叹句)Sometimes I read books at home, but my brother likes watching TV.(并列句)
解析:结合陈述句(核心叙述)、复合句(because引导原因状语从句)、感叹句(表达情感)、并列句(but衔接对比),句式多样,符合书面表达评分要求,避免了单一简单句堆砌,提升了流畅度。
技巧:书面表达中,每段搭配“陈述句+1个并列句/复合句+1个感叹句(可选)”,既保证语义连贯,又能丰富句式。
一、单项选择
1.Sad movies make me want to cry.
A.宾语补足语 B.间接宾语 C.直接宾语 D.表语
【答案】A
【解析】句意:悲伤的电影让我想哭。
考查句子成分。Sad movies“悲伤的电影”作主语;make“使”作谓语;me“我”,为宾格,作宾语;want to cry“想哭”作宾语补足语。本句属于:主+谓+宾+宾补结构。故选A。
2.He likes music that he can dance to.
A.主语 B.宾语 C.定语 D.状语
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他喜欢能跟着跳舞的音乐。
考查句子成分。分析句子可知,He作主语,likes作谓语,music作宾语,that he can dance to作定语,修饰music。故选C。
3.They brought her some food and money.
A.直接宾语 B.定语 C.表语 D.间接宾语
【答案】A
【解析】句意:他们给她带了一些食物和钱。
考查句子成分。They“他们”,作主语;brought“带来”,作谓语;her“她”,为宾格,作间接宾语;some food and money“一些食物和钱”作直接宾语。故选A。
4.The food in Sichuan tastes delicious.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.定语 D.状语
【答案】B
【解析】句意:四川的食物尝起来很美味。
考查句子成分。The food in Sichuan“四川的食物”作主语,tastes“尝起来”为感官动词;delicious“美味的”,在句中作表语。本句属于:主+系+表结构。故选B。
5.—________ do you go to your school library?
—We borrow books twice a month. You can find different kinds of books there.
A.How soon B.How often C.How long D.How far
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你们多久去一次学校图书馆?——我们一个月借两次书。你可以在那里找到各种各样的书。
考查特殊疑问词辨析。How soon多久之后;How often多久一次;How long多长时间;How far多远。根据答语“We borrow books twice a month.”可知,此处是在对去图书馆的频率进行提问,所以应该用How often。故选B。
6.—________ more time for the students to rest and relax in the future?
—Yes! To start with, their break time between classes is longer now.
A.Is there B.Are there C.Will there be D.Will there have
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——未来将会有更多时间让学生休息和放松吗?——会的!首先,他们现在的课间休息时间更长了。
考查there be句型的一般将来时。根据“in the future”可知要用一般将来时,there be表示“有” ,其疑问句的一般将来时结构是“Will there be...” ,故选C。
7.—Are people in Internet companies complaining about long working hours?
—Yes. They make great contributions to IT industry, ________ they can't achieve a balance between life and work.
A.or B.if C.but D.since
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——互联网公司的人在抱怨长时间的工作吗?——是的。他们为IT行业做出了巨大贡献,但是他们无法在生活和工作之间取得平衡。
考查连词辨析。or或者;if如果;but但是;since自从。根据“They make great contributions to IT industry...they can't achieve a balance between life and work.”可知,前后两句构成转折关系,用but连接。故选C。
8.Remember to return the book to the library on time, ________ you will be fined.
A.but B.and C.so D.or
【答案】D
【解析】句意:记得按时把书还给图书馆,否则你会被罚款的。
考查连词辨析。but但是,表转折;and并且,表顺承;so因此,表因果;or否则。根据“Remember to return the book to the library on time”以及“you will be fined”可知,此处是说如果不按时还书,就会被罚款,用“or”符合语境,故选D。
9.—I wonder ________.
—I'm not sure. Maybe in a few years.
A.why you buy that pair of shoes B.how to use this washing machine
C.where I can meet my favorite singer D.how soon the robots will be widely used
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——我想知道机器人多久会被广泛使用。——我不确定。也许几年后。
考查宾语从句。根据答语“Maybe in a few years.”可知,此处对将来的时间进行提问,用how soon“多久以后”引导宾语从句。故选D。
10.Many people are aware of pollution, ________ they often don't take action to reduce it.
A.but B.and C.so D.or
【答案】A
【解析】句意:许多人都意识到了污染问题,但是他们常常不采取行动来减少污染。
考查连词辨析。but但是,表示转折关系。and和,并且,表示并列或顺承关系;so所以,因此,表示因果关系;or或者,否则,表示选择关系。根据“Many people are aware of pollution”以及“they often don't take action to reduce it”可知,前后两个句子的意思之间存在转折,前面说意识到污染,后面说却不采取行动。故选A。
11.— Excuse me. Do you have a table for two?
— I'm sorry. There aren't any seats now, ________ would you mind waiting a while?
A.so B.or C.but D.and
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——打扰一下,你们有两人桌吗?——不好意思,现在没有空位了,但是你介意等一会儿吗?
考查连词辨析。so所以,表因果关系;or或者,否则,表选择或转折关系;but但是,表转折关系;and和,并且,表并列或顺承关系。根据“There aren't any seats now, ... would you mind waiting a while?”可知,两个分句结构完整,空格处缺少连词,前后是转折关系,连词but“但是”,符合语境。故选C。
12.We didn't think she could reach the final of the match, ________ she won the gold medal.
A.but B.for C.or D.so
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我们没有想到她能进入比赛的决赛,但她赢得了金牌。
考查连词辨析。but但是;for因为;or或者;so所以。前后句为转折关系,应用but连接。故选A。
13.You should give your parents a phone call if you go home late, ________ they will worry about you.
A.or B.and C.so D.but
【答案】A
【解析】句意:如果你回家晚了,你应该给你父母打个电话,否则他们会担心你的。
考查并列连词辨析。or否则,不然;and并且,和;so因此;but但是。根据“You should give your parents a phone call if you go home late”和“they will worry about you”可知,回家晚的话应该给父母打电话,否则他们会担心,应用连词or来连接,表示“否则,不然”。故选A。
14.Which of the following sentences is different from the others in the sentence structure?
A.We call this charity activity “Spring Hope”.
B.Every student is going to give a helping hand.
C.All the volunteers make the activity a great success.
D.We consider this activity challenging but meaningful.
【答案】B
【解析】句意:下列句子中哪一个在句子结构上与其他句子不同?
考查句子结构分析。We call this charity activity “Spring Hope”.(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,即 S+V+O+OC);Every student is going to give a helping hand.(主语+谓语+宾语,即 S+V+O);All the volunteers make the activity a great success.(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,即 S+V+O+OC);We consider this activity challenging but meaningful.(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,即 S+V+O+OC)。选项A、C、D均为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”结构,而选项B是“主语+谓语+宾语”结构,与其他三项不同。故选B。
15.Which of the following sentences' structures is different from the others?
A.I often hear some birds sing in the park. B.My father bought me a toy train yesterday.
C.The robot brought some trouble to Mr. Jiang. D.Amy showed me some pictures of her family.
【答案】A
【解析】句意:以下哪个句子的结构与其他句子不同?
考查句子结构辨析。 “I often hear some birds sing in the park.”是 “主语+ 谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构(hear sb. do sth.,sing是宾语补足语)。 “My father bought me a toy train yesterday.”是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构(buy sb. sth.)。“The robot brought some trouble to Mr. Jiang.”是“主语+谓语+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语”结构(bring sth. to sb.)。“Amy showed me some pictures of her family.”是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构(show sb. sth.)。 B、C、D均为“双宾语”结构,只有A是“宾语+宾语补足语” 结构,故选A。
16.Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “Running is a good way to exercise.”?
A.People who run will have a healthier heart.
B.Running gives you a chance to enjoy views.
C.You can hear the wind blowing while running.
D.Starting an exercising habit sounds wonderful.
【答案】D
【解析】句意:下列哪个句子与“Running is a good way to exercise.”结构相同?
考查基本句式。People who run will have a healthier heart.主+谓+宾;Running gives you a chance to enjoy views.主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语;You can hear the wind blowing while running.主+谓+宾+宾补;Starting an exercising habit sounds wonderful.主+系+表。“Running is a good way to exercise.”也是主系表结构。故选D。
17.All the teachers think that he is _________ good storyteller _________ he will be a good writer in the future.
A.so, that B.such a, that C.so a, that D.quite a, that
【答案】B
【解析】句意:所有老师都认为他是一个如此好的讲故事者以至于他将来会成为一个好作家。
考查结果状语从句。“such a/an + 形容词 + 名词 + that从句 / so + 形容词 + that从句”是固定用法,意为“如此……以至于……”,such...that引导结果状语从句。故选B。
18.—Why didn't you go to bed early last night?
—I had to wait ________ my brother came back. He was caught in the rain.
A.while B.till C.because D.unless
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你昨晚为什么不早点睡觉?——我必须等到我哥哥回来。他被雨淋湿了。
考查连词辨析。while当……的时候;till直到……才……;because因为;unless除非。根据“I had to wait”和“my brother came back”的语境可知,强调等待动作持续到“哥哥回来”这一时间点结束,需用表示“直到……才……”的时间连词。故选B。
19.—You should do some housework for me _________ you have grown up.
—OK, dad, I will _________ I have a lot of homework to do.
A.unless, since B.since, if C.although, until D.since, unless
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——你应该为我做一些家务,因为你已经长大了。——好的,爸爸,我会做,除非我有很多作业要做。
考查连词辨析。unless除非;since因为;if如果;although虽然;until直到。根据“You should do some housework for me...you have grown up.”可知,第一空表示原因(“你已经长大”是“做家务”的理由),用since;根据“I will...I have a lot of homework to do.”可知,第二空表示条件(“有作业”是“不做家务”的例外情况),用unless。故选D。
20.________ you have the ability to manage the company, you'd better not apply for the challenging job.
A.Unless B.Since C.Although D.If
【答案】A
【解析】句意:除非你有能力管理公司,否则最好不要申请这份具有挑战性的工作。
考查连词辨析。Unless除非;Since自从;Although尽管;If如果。根据“…you have the ability to manage the company, you'd better not apply for the challenging job.”的语境可知,此处表示否定条件,指在某种条件不成立时主句结果必然发生,unless符合。故选A。
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