Unit 1 Past and present 现在完成时专项提优练习- 2025-2026学年译林版（2024）八年级下册英语

译林版（2024）八年级下册Unit 1 Past and present 现在完成时核心语法总结+专项练习题 现在完成时核心语法总结 1. 定义 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响/结果，或过去开始的动作持续到现在，是过去和现在的时态结合。 2. 基本结构 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词 (done) 否定句：主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 动词的过去分词 一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词？ 用法口诀：主语加上have/has，过去分词跟在后，表影响、表持续，标志词来辨清楚。 3. have/has的选择 第一/二人称单复数（I/you/we/they）+ have 第三人称单数（he/she/it/单数名词/不可数名词）+ has 4. 核心标志词（必考） （1）表“影响/结果”（动作已完成，强调现在的状态） already（已经，肯定句）、yet（还/尚未，否定句/疑问句，放句末）、just（刚刚）、ever（曾经）、never（从未）、before（以前） （2）表“持续”（动作从过去到现在，常接时间段） for + 时间段（for 3 years/for a month）、since + 时间点/一般过去时句子（since 2020/since he came here） （3）其他高频标志 so far（到目前为止）、up to now（直到现在）、in the past/last + 时间段（in the past 5 years/last few months）、these days（近来） 5. 两大核心用法 用法1：过去的动作对现在造成的影响/结果 （动作完成，现在能看到/感受到结果，常搭配already/yet/just/ever/never） 例：I have finished my homework. （结果：现在可以玩了） 例：She hasn’t eaten breakfast yet. （结果：现在肚子饿） 用法2：过去开始的动作持续到现在 （动作未结束，还在进行，常搭配for/since，瞬间动词需变延续性动词） 例：He has lived here for 10 years. （从10年前住到现在，还住着） 例：I have known her since 2018. （2018年认识，现在还认识） 注意：大多数动词的过去分词变化形式同动词的过去式，可参照动词的过去式变化规则。 6.不规则动词的过去分词变化： 有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式相同，其变化情况大致分类如下： 现在完成时专项练习题 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. My mother ________ (cook) dinner. We can eat it now. 2. They ________ (not finish) their homework yet. They have to do it now. 3. —________ you ________ (see) the new film? —Yes, I have. I saw it yesterday. 4. He ________ (just clean) the classroom. It’s very clean now. 5. I ________ (never be) to the Great Wall before. I want to go there this summer. 6. She ________ (live) in this city since she was five years old. 7. The students ________ (learn) English for more than 3 years. 8. So far, we ________ (make) many new friends in this school. 9. —Where is your father? —He ________ (go) to the supermarket. 10. I ________ (know) Li Ming since we were in primary school. 11. The factory ________ (produce) 1000 cars in the past month. 12. She ________ (already drink) a glass of milk. She isn’t thirsty now. 13. They ________ (not visit) the museum yet. Let’s go there together. 14. —________ Tom ________ (finish) his homework? —No, he hasn’t. He is still doing it. 15. His mother is a good teacher. She ________ (teach) in this school for ten years. 二、单项选择。 ( )1.I ________Tom since he moved to Suzhou. A．didn’t hear from B．don’t hear from C．won’t hear from D．haven’t heard from ( )2. I ________ my pen everywhere, but I can’t find it. A. have looked for B. looked for C. have found D. found ( )3. —Have you ________ been to Nanjing? —No, I have ________ been there. A. ever; ever B. yet; never C. ever; never D. never; ever ( )4. He ________ here since 2010. He is a good teacher. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. will work ( )5. —Where is Lucy? —She ________ to the library. She will be back in an hour. A. went B. has gone C. has been D. goes ( )6. It is the third time that I ________ late for school this week. A. was B. am C. have been D. will be ( )7. —________ you ever the new Shanghai? —No, I haven’t ________. A．Do; visit B．Have; visited C．Did, visit D．Are; visiting ( )8. In the past few years, our city ________ a lot of changes. A. had B. has had C. is having D. have had ( )9. —________ have you studied English? —Since I was six years old. A. How long B. How far C. How soon D. How often ( )10. I ________ just ________ my homework. I can watch TV now. A. have; finish B. has; finished C. have; finished D. did; finish ( )11. They ________ in China for 10 years and they like China very much. A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live ( )12. —Have you finished your homework ________? —Yes, I have ________ finished it. A. yet; already B. already; yet C. yet; yet D. already; already ( )13. —You haven’t been to Beijing, have you? —________. How I wish to go there! A．Yes, I have B．Yes, I haven’t C．No, I have D．No, I haven’t ( )14. So far, we ________ no news from him. A. have got B. got C. get D. will get ( )15. —When ________ you ________ the bike? —Last month. A. have; bought B. did; buy C. have; had D. did; have ( )16. How long ________ Yao Ming ________ the USA to play basketball? A．has; been in B．has; been to C．has; gone in D．has; gone to ( )17. We ________ each other since we met at the party last year. A. have known B. knew C. will know D. know ( )18. —Has your father ________ come back from work? —Yes, he has ________ come back. A. yet; just B. just; yet C. already; yet D. ever; just ( )19. I have ________ heard the surprising news. A．just now B．just C．now D．yet ( )20. I ________ never ________ such an interesting story before. A. have; heard B. has; heard C. have; hear D. did; hear 三、句型转换。 1. I have finished my homework.（改为否定句） I ________ ________ my homework. 2. He has lived in Beijing for 5 years.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） —________ he ________ in Beijing for 5 years? —No, he ________. 3. They have visited the Great Wall twice.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ ________ have they visited the Great Wall? 4. She bought the watch three years ago.（改为同义句，用for） She ________ ________ the watch for three years. 5. My brother joined the football club last month.（改为同义句） My brother ________ ________ ________ the football club for a month. 6. He has already left Shanghai.（改为否定句） He ________ left Shanghai ________. 7. I have had the bike since 2021.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ have you had the bike? 8. The meeting began 10 minutes ago.（改为同义句） The meeting ________ ________ ________ for 10 minutes. 9. They have eaten breakfast.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） —________ they ________ breakfast? —Yes, they ________. 10. She has gone to Paris.（对划线部分提问） ________ has she ________? 四、完形填空。 My name is Li Jie. I ____1____ (live) in Nanjing since I was born. Nanjing is a beautiful city with a long history. I ____2____ (know) a lot about it because I ____3____ (visit) many places of interest here, like the Confucius Temple and the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. My parents ____4____ (work) in a factory for 20 years. They are hard-working and they love their jobs. My sister is a student. She ____5____ (study) English for 5 years and she ____6____ (already win) some prizes in English competitions. So far, our family ____7____ (have) many changes. We ____8____ (move) to a new flat last year. The flat is bigger and more comfortable. We ____9____ (buy) a new car, too. Now my father ____10____ (drive) us to school and work every day. I love my family and I love Nanjing. 1. A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live 2. A. know B. knew C. have known D. will know 3. A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. will visit 4. A. work B. worked C. have worked D. will work 5. A. study B. studied C. has studied D. have studied 6. A. already wins B. has already won C. already won D. will already win 7. A. has had B. have had C. had D. will have 8. A. move B. moved C. have moved D. will move 9. A. buy B. bought C. have bought D. will buy 10. A. drives B. drove C. has driven D. will drive 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 译林版八下Unit1现在完成时专项练习答案+详细解析 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空 答案 1. has cooked 2. haven’t finished 3. Have; seen 4. has just cleaned 5. have never been 6. has lived 7. have learnt/learned 8. have made 9. has gone 10. have known 11. has produced 12. has already drunk 13. haven’t visited 14. Has; finished 15. has taught 解析 1. 后句“现在能吃了”体现过去动作对现在的结果，mother是三单，用has+过去分词。 2. yet 是现在完成时否定句标志，they是复数，用haven’t+过去分词。 3. 一般疑问句，主语是you，用Have开头，后接动词过去分词。 4. just 是现在完成时标志，he是三单，用has+过去分词。 5. never/before 是现在完成时标志，I是第一人称，用have+过去分词；be的过去分词是been。 6. since 是现在完成时表持续的标志，she是三单，用has+过去分词。 7. for+时间段 是现在完成时标志，students是复数，用have+过去分词（learn的过去分词learnt/learned均可）。 8. So far 是现在完成时标志，we是复数，用have+过去分词。 9. 表示“去了某地还没回来”用have/has gone to，father是三单，用has gone。 10. since 是现在完成时标志，I是第一人称，用have+过去分词。 11. in the past month 是现在完成时标志，factory是三单，用has+过去分词。 12. already 是现在完成时肯定句标志，she是三单，用has+过去分词。 13. yet 是现在完成时否定句标志，they是复数，用haven’t+过去分词。 14. 一般疑问句，Tom是三单，用Has开头，后接动词过去分词。 15. for+时间段 是现在完成时标志，she是三单，用has+过去分词。 二、单项选择 答案 1-5：DACCB 6-10：CBBAC 11-15：CADAB 16-20：AAABA 解析 1. since+一般过去时句子 是现在完成时标志，选D。 2. look for“寻找（动作）”，find“找到（结果）”；到处找但没找到，强调动作的过程，用现在完成时，选A。 3. ever“曾经”用于疑问句，never“从未”用于否定句，选C。 4. since+时间点 是现在完成时标志，he是三单，选C。 5. 表示“去了某地还没回来”用have/has gone to，she是三单，选B；have been to表示“去过某地已回来”。 6. It is the+序数词+time that... 后接现在完成时，选C。 7. ever 是现在完成时标志，一般疑问句用Have开头，后接过去分词，选B。 8. In the past few years 是现在完成时标志，our city是三单，选B。 9. 答语since+时间点 表示“多久”，用How long提问，选A；How far问距离，How soon问“多久以后”，How often问频率。 10. just 是现在完成时标志，I是第一人称，用have+过去分词，选C。 11. for+时间段 是现在完成时标志，they是复数，选C。 12. yet用于否定句/疑问句末，already用于肯定句中，选A。 13. 反义疑问句回答根据实际情况，“没去过北京”用No, I haven’t，选D（注意：回答前后一致，排除B/C；A表示“去过”，与后句矛盾）。 14. So far 是现在完成时标志，we是复数，选A。 15. 答语Last month 是一般过去时标志，特殊疑问句用did开头，后接动词原形；buy是瞬间动词，选B。 16. How long 提问接延续性动词，have been in“待在某地（延续）”；have been to“去过（瞬间）”，have gone to“去了（瞬间）”，无have gone in搭配，选A。 17. since+一般过去时句子 是现在完成时标志，we是复数，选A。 18. yet用于疑问句末，just用于肯定句中，选A；already不用于疑问句末，ever“曾经”不符合语境。 19. just是现在完成时标志，选B；just now“刚才”接一般过去时，now接一般现在/进行时，yet用于否定/疑问句。 20. never/before 是现在完成时标志，I是第一人称，用have+过去分词，选A。 三、句型转换 答案 1. haven’t finished 2. Has; lived; hasn’t 3. How many times 4. has had 5. has been in 6. hasn’t; yet 7. How long 8. has been on 9. Have; eaten; have 10. Where; gone 解析 1. 现在完成时肯定句变否定句，直接在have/has后加not，I用have，故为haven’t finished。 2. 三单主语he的现在完成时一般疑问句，用Has开头，后接过去分词lived；否定回答用No, he hasn’t。 3. 划线部分twice（两次） 表次数，用How many times 提问。 4. for three years 是时间段，需将瞬间动词bought改为延续性动词have，she是三单，用has had。 5. for a month 是时间段，瞬间动词joined（加入）改为延续性be in，brother是三单，用has been in。 6. 现在完成时肯定句变否定句，has后加not；already变yet放句末。 7. 划线部分since 2021 表时间段，用How long 提问。 8. for 10 minutes 是时间段，瞬间动词began（开始）改为延续性be on，meeting是三单，用has been on。 9. 复数主语they的现在完成时一般疑问句，用Have开头，后接过去分词eaten；肯定回答用Yes, they have。 10. 划线部分Paris（地点），用Where提问；has gone to变疑问句，将gone提前，to省略。 四、完形填空 答案 1-5：CCCC C 6-10：BBBBA 解析 1. since I was born 是现在完成时标志，I是第一人称，选C（have lived）。 2. 了解南京的状态从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时，I是第一人称，选C（have known）。 3. “参观很多名胜”的动作对现在造成“了解南京”的结果，用现在完成时，I是第一人称，选C（have visited）。 4. for 20 years 是现在完成时标志，parents是复数，选C（have worked）。 5. for 5 years 是现在完成时标志，she是三单，选C（has studied）。 6. already 是现在完成时标志，she是三单，选B（has already won）。 7. So far 是现在完成时标志，our family表“一家人”是复数，选B（have had）。 8. last year 是一般过去时标志，用过去式moved，选B。 9. “买新车”是和“搬新家”并列的过去动作，用一般过去式bought，选B。 10. every day 是一般现在时标志，father是三单，用drives，选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $