Unit1Welcome to the unit-Grammar知识点2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

                           Unit 1   Welcome to the unit - Grammar

一 现在完成时

1用法

1. 强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或存在的结果。

I have finished my homework .      我已经完成我的家庭作业了。（我没有必要再做了）

He has watched this film .          他已经看过这部电影了。  （ 他已经了解这部电影的内容了）

2. 强调过去发生的动作一直持续到现在还有可能持续下去

I have lived in Shanghai since 10 years ago.   自从10年前， 我就已经住在上海了。 （还有可能继续住下去 ）

We have learned English for five years.       我们学习英语已经有五年了 。 （还有可能学下去 ）

3. 强调动作发生的次数。

She has been to Beijing four times over the past 2 years.  她在过去的两年里去过北京四次。（强调去北京的次数）

I have watched this film twice.                      我已经看过这部电影两次。（强调看电影的次数 ）

肯定句 ：    They  have watched this film .         （变成否定句）

一般疑问句                                       肯定回答  

否定回答 

肯定句结构   ：主语 +have / has ( 助动词 ）+ done （过去分词 ）

否定句结构   ：主语 + haven’t / hasn’t  + done

一般疑问句   ：  Have / Has  +主语 + done ?

肯定回答     ： Yes, 主语 + have / has.

否定回答     ： No , 主语 + have n’t / hasn’t .

He has finished his homework .       （变成否定句）

一般疑问句                                        肯定回答  

否定回答 

1. 他们已经完成家庭作业了。 They ______________ (finish) their homework.

（变成否定句）

一般疑问句                                        肯定回答  

否定回答 

大多数动词的过去分词变化形式同动词的过去式，可参考动词的过去式变化规则。

变化	举例
一般情况在动词原形后加-ed	finish—finished—finished
以字母e 结尾的动词，只加-d	agree—agreed—agreed
以“辅音字母+y ”结尾的动词，把y 改为i，再加-ed	carry—carried—carried
以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed	stop—stopped—stopped

不规则的见不规则动词表

1. be_____________         2. become___________          3. begin__________ 4. blow_____________

5. build___________         6. choose___________           7. cost____________8. do_______________

9. drink___________        10. eat______________           11. drive__________12. fall______________

13. fly____________         14. forget____________          15. know___________

现在完成时的常见标志词

1. for+一段时间                      e.g. She has slept for 10 hours.

2. since+点时间 (自从...) / 句子 （ 一般过去式 ）

    e.g. I have lived here since 2002.      I have lived here since 10 years ago.

       I have lived here since I was born.

3. recently (最近）                     e.g. He has eaten many ice creams recently.

4. so far= till now= until now= up to now (迄今为止) /by now       e.g. I haven’t got his letter up to now.

5. before (单独用于句尾)                         e.g. I have never heard about this super star before.

6. just （刚刚 ） vs. just now （ 刚才 ）

     just:(现完) She has just gone to Beijing.         just now:(一般过去时) She went home just now.

7. ever （ 曾经 ）& never （从不 ）

    ever:(主要用于疑问句)        Have you ever been to Beijing?

    never:(表否定)               I have never been to Beijing.

8. already  ( 已经 ） & yet  （ 已经 / 还未，尚未 ）

  already: (用在肯定句中    位置   句中/ 句末  )       He has already left. / He has left already .

  yet: (  用在否定句 , 还未，尚未   位置 句末  )      I haven’t had breakfast yet . ( 还未，尚未 ）

       （用在一般疑问句中 ，已经 ）    - Have you finished your homework yet（已经）? - Not yet. ( 还没有 ）

9.  in/ during/ over the (past) ten years （ 在过去的...几年期间里 ）

e.g.       Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years . 

Our school has built three new buildings over the past 10  years.

10 根据上下文   - Where is Lily  ? -She has gone to the library .

1.They ______________        (finish) their homework already.

2. John _______     never _______      (visit) China.

3. Mr Li ______________     (repair) over ten bicycles since Monday.

4. We ________________     (not see) each other for years.

5. My parents  ______________    (not come) back yet.

6. Our teacher _____________      (teach) us a lot about the history of China.

7.__________        you __________   (watch) the online art show before?

8 I _____________    (not finish) my homework yet. I need five more minutes.

9.She __________    (call) me an hour ago, but I wasn't at home.

10.My brother __________  (play) this online game many times. It's fun.

                                     练习

一 单项选择题

1.In the past, people             that AI was only in science-fiction movies. But now, we             it in many ways,like answering questions and making pictures.

A. used to think; are used to using             B. used to thinking; are used to use

C. used to think; used to use                    D. used to thinking; used to use

2.In the past ten years,the Jiangsu government         many new subway lines to make transportation more convenient.

A. has built   B. built         C. will build   D. had built

3.The factory             a lot of noise all day. But now things have become better.

A. was used to make     B. was used to making    C. used to make     D. used to making

4.—I feel like my mind is             after the exam.  — Don't worry. Take a break and you' ll feel refreshed.

A. active    B. empty       C. busy    D. lost

5.— We can do a lot to help those in need. — Yes. In different ways but with a     purpose, we can make our world better.

A. real    B. useful     C. main    D.common

6．—Have you finished your work ________?   —No, not ________.

A．already; already         B．yet; yet        C．yet; already             D．already; yet

7. —When ______ your cousin ______ to Shenzhen? —Last year, and he ______ here since then.