Unit1Welcome to the unit-Grammar知识点2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

Unit 1 Welcome to the unit - Grammar 一 现在完成时 1用法 1. 强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或存在的结果。 I have finished my homework . 我已经完成我的家庭作业了。（我没有必要再做了） He has watched this film . 他已经看过这部电影了。 （ 他已经了解这部电影的内容了） 2. 强调过去发生的动作一直持续到现在还有可能持续下去 I have lived in Shanghai since 10 years ago. 自从10年前， 我就已经住在上海了。 （还有可能继续住下去 ） We have learned English for five years. 我们学习英语已经有五年了 。 （还有可能学下去 ） 3. 强调动作发生的次数。 She has been to Beijing four times over the past 2 years. 她在过去的两年里去过北京四次。（强调去北京的次数） I have watched this film twice. 我已经看过这部电影两次。（强调看电影的次数 ） 肯定句 ： They have watched this film . （变成否定句） 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 肯定句结构 ：主语 +have / has ( 助动词 ）+ done （过去分词 ） 否定句结构 ：主语 + haven’t / hasn’t + done 一般疑问句 ： Have / Has +主语 + done ? 肯定回答 ： Yes, 主语 + have / has. 否定回答 ： No , 主语 + have n’t / hasn’t . He has finished his homework . （变成否定句） 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 1. 他们已经完成家庭作业了。 They ______________ (finish) their homework. （变成否定句） 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 大多数动词的过去分词变化形式同动词的过去式，可参考动词的过去式变化规则。 变化 举例 一般情况在动词原形后加-ed finish—finished—finished 以字母e 结尾的动词，只加-d agree—agreed—agreed 以“辅音字母+y ”结尾的动词，把y 改为i，再加-ed carry—carried—carried 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop—stopped—stopped 不规则的见不规则动词表 1. be_____________ 2. become___________ 3. begin__________ 4. blow_____________ 5. build___________ 6. choose___________ 7. cost____________8. do_______________ 9. drink___________ 10. eat______________ 11. drive__________12. fall______________ 13. fly____________ 14. forget____________ 15. know___________ 现在完成时的常见标志词 1. for+一段时间 e.g. She has slept for 10 hours. 2. since+点时间 (自从...) / 句子 （ 一般过去式 ） e.g. I have lived here since 2002. I have lived here since 10 years ago. I have lived here since I was born. 3. recently (最近） e.g. He has eaten many ice creams recently. 4. so far= till now= until now= up to now (迄今为止) /by now e.g. I haven’t got his letter up to now. 5. before (单独用于句尾) e.g. I have never heard about this super star before. 6. just （刚刚 ） vs. just now （ 刚才 ） just:(现完) She has just gone to Beijing. just now:(一般过去时) She went home just now. 7. ever （ 曾经 ）& never （从不 ） ever:(主要用于疑问句) Have you ever been to Beijing? never:(表否定) I have never been to Beijing. 8. already ( 已经 ） & yet （ 已经 / 还未，尚未 ） already: (用在肯定句中 位置 句中/ 句末 ) He has already left. / He has left already . yet: ( 用在否定句 , 还未，尚未 位置 句末 ) I haven’t had breakfast yet . ( 还未，尚未 ） （用在一般疑问句中 ，已经 ） - Have you finished your homework yet（已经）? - Not yet. ( 还没有 ） 9. in/ during/ over the (past) ten years （ 在过去的...几年期间里 ） e.g. Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years . Our school has built three new buildings over the past 10 years. 10 根据上下文 - Where is Lily ? -She has gone to the library . 1.They ______________ (finish) their homework already. 2. John _______ never _______ (visit) China. 3. Mr Li ______________ (repair) over ten bicycles since Monday. 4. We ________________ (not see) each other for years. 5. My parents ______________ (not come) back yet. 6. Our teacher _____________ (teach) us a lot about the history of China. 7.__________ you __________ (watch) the online art show before? 8 I _____________ (not finish) my homework yet. I need five more minutes. 9.She __________ (call) me an hour ago, but I wasn't at home. 10.My brother __________ (play) this online game many times. It's fun. 练习 一 单项选择题 1.In the past, people that AI was only in science-fiction movies. But now, we it in many ways,like answering questions and making pictures. A. used to think; are used to using B. used to thinking; are used to use C. used to think; used to use D. used to thinking; used to use 2.In the past ten years,the Jiangsu government many new subway lines to make transportation more convenient. A. has built B. built C. will build D. had built 3.The factory a lot of noise all day. But now things have become better. A. was used to make B. was used to making C. used to make D. used to making 4.—I feel like my mind is after the exam. — Don't worry. Take a break and you' ll feel refreshed. A. active B. empty C. busy D. lost 5.— We can do a lot to help those in need. — Yes. In different ways but with a purpose, we can make our world better. A. real B. useful C. main D.common 6．—Have you finished your work ________? —No, not ________. A．already; already B．yet; yet C．yet; already D．already; yet 7. —When ______ your cousin ______ to Shenzhen? —Last year, and he ______ here since then. A. did; come; has lived B. has; come; lived C. did; come; lived D. has; come; has lived 8. Shenzhen offers a ______ of cultural facilities, including libraries and theatres. A. wealth B. number C. lot D. many 9 The government has built over 3,000 kilometres of ______ for people to walk and relax. A. roads B. greenways C. railways D. rivers 10 Shenzhen has become a world-famous centre for high-tech ______ over the past 40 years. A. industry B. company C. factory D. farm 二 词汇 1. Shenzhen is a (开拓性的) city in China’s reform and opening up. 2. We should encourage more (创新) in our daily study. 3. Most buses in Shenzhen are now (电动的) to protect the environment. 4. My grandparents used to make a (谋生) by growing rice. 5. The city’s (发展) has brought many job opportunities. 6. Shenzhen is a (南部的) city with a warm climate. 7. Since 1980, Shenzhen (develop) into a modern high-tech city. 8. The city (attract) millions of workers from all over the world so far. 9. They (build) more than 1,000 parks in Shenzhen since 2000. 10. My father (live) in Shenzhen for over 15 years. 11. The government (improve) public transport to make it more convenient. 12. She (win) a prize for her pioneering work last month. 三 完形填空(本题共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) Shenzhen, a young and dynamic city in southern China, has changed greatly over the past 40 years. It 11 to be a small fishing village with muddy roads and few houses. Local villagers mainly 12 a living by fishing and farming. In the 1980s, great changes 13 in Shenzhen. It became a pioneer of reform and opening up. Many factories were built, and workers from all over China 14 to the city for jobs. With hard work and 15 , Shenzhen started to grow fast. Today, Shenzhen is a world-famous hi-tech city. It is home to many tech 16 like Huawei and Tencent. The city has a modern 17 system, including undergrounds and high-speed trains, which makes travel 18 . There are also a wealth of cultural facilities, such as libraries, museums and theme 19 . What’s more, Shenzhen cares about its citizens’ life quality. It has built many parks and 20 for people to relax. The city is also a leader in using green energy—most buses and taxis are 21 , which helps reduce air pollution. Over the years, Shenzhen has 22 from a small village to a big city. Its 23 spirit and innovation have made it a role model for development. 24 visitors come to Shenzhen every year to see its amazing changes. No one doubts that Shenzhen will have an even 25 future. 11．A．used B．wanted C．decided D．tried 12．A．made B．found C．took D．got 13．A．reached B．happened C．arrived D．left 14．A．moved B．turned C．walked D．flew 15．A．creativity B．activity C．beauty D．history 16．A．plants B．animals C．giants D．signs 17．A．transport B．education C．health D．sports 18．A．crowded B．convenient C．expensive D．difficult 19．A．schools B．parks C．hospitals D．shops 20．A．greenways B．highways C．railways D．subways 21．A．electric B．wooden C．plastic D．paper 22．A．changed B．grown C．gone D．come 23．A．pioneering B．boring C．tiring D．interesting 24．A．Few B．A few C．Many D．Little 25．A．good B．better C．best D．well 四 阅读理解 Saihanba is one of China’s largest forests. It lies in the north of Hebei Province. Saihanba means “beautiful and high mountains”． Around the 10th century, the rulers of the Liao Dynasty made it a royal (皇家的) hunting place because it was home to beautiful forests, green grasslands, clear lakes and different kinds of wild animals. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty liked Saihanba so much that he made hunting there a royal festival. The royal festival finally stopped in the 19th century for lack of money and the place had to be open to the public. After that, the cutting down of trees and wildfires changed green Saihanba into grey deserts. By the 1950s, the beauty of Saihanba had completely disappeared (消失) with only one tree left. The tree is now famous as the “Tree of Honour”． On seeing the tree, Chinese scientists made up their minds and dreamed of restoring Saihanba. In February 1962, the plans were made and more than 120 foresters joined 242 local people in Saihanba to begin rebuilding it. Over the next 55 years, those first tree­planters fought against many difficulties to plant trees. After they died, their children and relatives followed them and went on with their hard work of planting trees. Today, the scientists’ dream has come true and there is beautiful grassland and flowers again around the “Tree of Honour”. Chinese people successfully changed Saihanba in the past half­century. 33．What’s the right order of the events in Paragraph 2? ①Saihanba became a royal hunting place. ②Saihanba was a desert and its beauty disappeared. ③Saihanba wasn’t closed to the public any more. ④Saihanba turned into the place for royal hunting festivals. A．①③②④ B．①③④② C．①④③② D．①④②③ 34．What does the underlined word “restoring” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Looking around. B．Bringing back. C．Arriving at. D．Travelling to. 35．According to Paragraph 4, how does the writer feel about Chinese people? A．Proud. B．Worried. C．Surprised. D．Nervous. 36．What is the best title of this passage? A．Saihanba: Past and Present B．The Largest Forest in Chin C．The Disappearing Saihanba D．The “Tree of Honour” in Saihanba 五 词汇运用(本题共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) Mike Moore 1 (visit) China more than 20 times since his first visit in 1984. In his eyes, the change of means of transportation (交通方式) in Chinese cities could show that China 2 (develop) a lot so far. “My 3 (one) impression (印象) of China was: 4 (thousand) of people in blue or green uniforms (制服) on bikes in the cities. After about 15 years, many people rode motorcycles (摩托车). Another five years later, you were able 5 (meet) more private cars in different colours,” he said. “Now you can see all kinds of cars in Chinese cities. They have no 6 (different) from other big cities in the world,” he went on. “From bikes to cars, you can feel that great changes 7 (take) place in China over the past few years,” Moore said. Moore described 8 (him) as a “China fan”. He said Chinese people have now become more confident, happier and healthier than before and that the living environment in big cities 9 (improve) too. He believes that China will be one of the 10 (strong) countries in the world in the future. And he’s looking forward to seeing that day. 六 连词成句 1 Shenzhen active is become in drive its to a cultural center also . 2 working Shenzhen improve is to quality the life of as well for its citizens . 3 There been have changes lots of in few past years the. 4 the has government turned just of center the a new park part into town 5 It risen has become to center important an for industries technology in world the 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $