摘要:
该初中英语知识清单围绕“帮助他人的意义”主题,系统梳理Unit 8 Section B的核心词汇与常见表达。从基础词汇(如lady, gentleman)的复数、短语及例句入手,逐步拓展至短语(sign up, ever since)和派生词(successful, voluntary),再结合句型(Thank sb. for doing sth.)及语法规律(名词变形容词后缀),搭建语言学习的递进式支架。
知识链路以“词汇-短语-句型-语法”逻辑展开,每个词汇配拓展解析与生活情境例句,常见表达结合知识点解析与对比表格。通过情境化语言输入提升语言能力,借助词汇拓展与语法规律培养思维品质,为学生提供可迁移的学习方法,助力高效掌握主题相关语言知识与应用能力。
内容正文:
2025-2026学年人教版初中英语八年级下册
Unit 8 Section B
How does helping others make a difference知识点清单
一、词汇
1. lady /ˈleɪdi/ n. 女士;淑女
拓展:
复数:ladies
短语:
young lady 年轻的女士
ladies and gentlemen 女士们先生们
例句:
The young lady helped the old man carry his bag to the bus stop.
这位年轻女士帮老人把包送到了公交站。
“Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to our school concert.” the host said.
主持人说:“女士们先生们,欢迎来到我们的校园音乐会。”
2. gentleman /ˈdʒentlmən/ n. 先生;君子
拓展:
复数:gentlemen
短语:
a kind gentleman 善良的先生
例句:
A kind gentleman gave his seat to the pregnant woman on the bus.
一位善良的先生在公交车上给孕妇让座了。
You acted like a true gentleman.
你表现得像个真正的绅士。
3. bark /bɑːk/ v.(狗)吠叫;n. 狗叫声
例句:
The dog always barks at strangers.
这条狗总是对着陌生人叫。
We heard a sharp bark from the garden and went to see what happened.
我们听到花园里传来一声尖锐的狗叫,便去看看发生了什么事。
4. sign up 短语(报名)
例句:
You can sign up online for language classes.
你可以在网上报名参加语言课程。
She has signed up for evening classes at the community college.
她已经报名参加社区学院夜间课程的学习。
5. ever since 短语(自从;自……以后)
例句:
He’s had a car ever since he was 18.
他从 18 岁起就有汽车了。
I was bitten by a dog once and I’ve been afraid of them ever since.
我曾被狗咬过,自那以后就一直害怕狗。
6. adult /ˈædʌlt/ n. 成年人;adj. 成年的;成熟的
拓展:
反义词:child n. 孩子
短语:
adult man 成年男性
adult education 成人教育
例句:
An adult man helped us fix the broken bike by the road.
一位成年男性帮我们修好了路边坏了的自行车。
There are plenty of courses at the adult education centre.
成人教育中心有很多课程。
7. missing /ˈmɪsɪŋ/ adj. 失踪的;丢失的
拓展:
词根:miss v. 想念;丢失
近义词:lost
例句:
Two crew members survived, but two are still missing.
两名船员生还,但仍有两人下落不明。
They still hoped to find their missing son.
他们仍然希望找到他们丢失的儿子。
8. practical /ˈpræktɪkl/ adj. 实用的;实际的
拓展:
词根:practice 练习;实践
短语:
practical advice 实用的建议
practical use 实际用处
例句:
My teacher gave me some practical advice on how to improve my writing.
老师给了我一些如何提高写作的实用建议。
Knowledge without understanding is of little practical use.
没有理解的知识几乎没有实际用处。
9. life-saving adj. 救命的;救生的
例句:
The boy needs a life-saving transplant operation.
这个男孩需要做移植手术来保命。
We learned how to use life-saving equipment in the safety training.
我们在安全培训中学习了如何使用救生设备。
10. teamwork /ˈtiːmwɜːk/ n. 团队合作
拓展:
合成词:team(团队)+ work(工作)
短语:
good teamwork 良好的团队合作
例句:
Good teamwork helped our class win the basketball match.
良好的团队合作帮助我们班赢得了篮球比赛。
We want to encourage good teamwork and communication.
我们要鼓励良好的团队合作和沟通。
11. successful /səkˈsesfl/ adj. 成功的;有成就的
拓展:
词根:success 成功
短语:
successful in (doing) sth. 成功做某事
例句:
They were successful in winning the contract.
他们成功争取到了那份合同。
The company has been successful in controlling costs.
该公司成功地控制了成本。
12. most of all 短语(最主要的是)
例句:
And most of all, we embrace the same culture.
最主要的是,我们拥有同样的文化。
I like the park because it’s quiet, beautiful, and most of all, it’s free.
我喜欢这个公园,因为它安静、漂亮,最主要的是它免费。
13. value /ˈvæljuː/ n. 重要作用;价值
拓展:
派生词:valuable adj. 有价值的
短语:
increase/rise/go up in value 升值
例句:
The dollar has been steadily increasing in value.
美元一直在稳步升值。
The arrival of canals was of great value to many industries.
运河的出现对许多行业具有重大的意义。
14. voluntary /ˈvɒləntri/ adj. 自愿的;无偿的
拓展:
派生词:volunteer 志愿者
短语:
voluntary work 志愿工作
a voluntary organization 志愿组织
例句:
She does a lot of voluntary work for the Red Cross.
她为红十字会做大量的志愿工作。
The day care scheme was run by a voluntary organization.
日托计划是由一个志愿组织经营的。
15. ordinary /ˈɔːdnri/ adj. 平凡的;普通的
例句:
She was a perfectly ordinary little girl.
她是一个非常普通的小女孩。
They are just ordinary working folk.
他们只是普通的劳动人民。
The meal was very ordinary.
这顿饭平常得很。
16. worth /wɜːθ/ adj. 值得;有价值
拓展:
派生词:worthy adj. 值得的
短语:
be worth doing … 值得做……
例句:
This idea is well worth considering.
这个想法很值得考虑。
This book is well worth reading.
这本书很值得一读。
Do you know how much the ring is worth?
你知道这枚戒指值多少钱吗?
17. audience /ˈɔːdiəns/ n. 听众;观众
拓展:
集合名词(单复数同形)
例句:
The museum is trying to attract a wider audience.
博物馆正试图吸引更多观众。
The audience cheered loudly.
观众高声欢呼起来。
She lectures to audiences all over the world.
她向世界各地的听众发表演讲。
18. willing /ˈwɪlɪŋ/ adj. 乐意的;愿意的
例句:
I told them I was perfectly willing to help.
我告诉他们,我非常愿意帮忙。
Many consumers are willing to pay more for organic food.
许多消费者愿意为有机食品支付更多。
19. on the go 短语(忙碌的)
例句:
I’ve been on the go all day.
我一整天忙得马不停蹄。
Having four children keeps her on the go.
她那四个孩子把她忙得不可开交。
20. in need 短语(处于贫困中;生活困难)
例句:
We should help people in need, like the homeless and the elderly.
我们应该帮助生活困难的人,比如无家可归者和老人。
The charity organization provides food and clothes for families in need.
这个慈善机构为贫困家庭提供食物和衣物。
21. success /səkˈses/ n. 成功
拓展:
派生词:successful adj. 成功的
短语:
achieve success 取得成功
a great success 巨大的成功
例句:
With hard work, he finally achieved success in his business.
通过努力,他终于在事业上取得了成功。
Everyone agreed the picnic was a great success.
每个人都认为那次野餐很成功。
22. elder /ˈeldə(r)/ adj.(尤指家庭中两个成员)年龄较长的
拓展:
反义词:younger adj. 较年轻的
例句:
His elder son Liam became a lawyer.
他的大儿子利亚姆当了律师。
My elder brother often helps me with my math problems.
我哥哥经常帮我解决数学难题。
The elder sister takes good care of her little brother after school.
姐姐放学后会好好照顾弟弟。
23. donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ v. 捐赠;赠送
拓展:
派生词:donation n. 捐赠物
短语:
donate sth. to … 捐赠某物给……
例句:
He donated thousands of pounds to charity.
他向慈善事业捐款数千英镑。
Last year he donated $1,000 to cancer research.
去年他捐了1,000美元用于癌症研究。
I think I’ll donate some old CDs.
我想我会捐赠一些旧的CD。
24. pocket /ˈpɒkɪt/ n. 口袋
短语:
put sth. in the pocket 把……放进口袋里
take sth. out of/from one’s pocket 从口袋里拿出某物
例句:
He put his phone in the pocket before leaving the house.
出门前,他把手机放进了口袋里。
Marcia took a pair of dark glasses out of her pocket.
玛西娅从口袋里拿出一副墨镜。
25. effort /ˈefət/ n. 努力;艰难的尝试
短语:
make an effort 尽量,尽力
put effort into (doing) sth. 努力做某事
例句:
She made an effort to change the subject of the conversation.
她尽力想转移话题。
Please make an effort to be on time.
请努力准时。
Let’s try again, only put more effort into it this time.
我们再试一次吧,这次可要再加把劲。
26. hand out 短语(分发)
例句:
She handed out medals and certificates to the winners.
她把奖牌和证书颁发给优胜者。
The teacher will hand out the test papers at the beginning of the class.
老师会在上课开始时分发试卷。
27. familiar with 短语(通晓;熟悉)
例句:
Are you familiar with the computer software they use?
你熟悉他们使用的计算机软件吗?
He is familiar with the rules of the game, so he can teach us how to play.
他熟悉这个游戏的规则,所以可以教我们怎么玩。
28. talent /ˈtælənt/ n. 才能;天赋;天才
短语:
have a talent for 有……的天赋
a talent show 才艺表演
例句:
Greg has a real talent for drawing.
格雷格在绘画方面很有天赋。
Our school will hold a talent show next month.
我们学校下个月会举办一场才艺表演。
She showed a talent for acting at an early age.
她在很小的时候就显示出了表演天赋。
29. madam /ˈmædəm/ n.(正式、礼貌的称呼)女士;夫人
拓展:
Dear Madam 尊敬的女士/夫人(用于书信开头)
例句:
Excuse me, madam. Can you tell me where the nearest bus stop is?
打扰一下,女士,您能告诉我最近的公交站在哪里吗?
“May I help you, madam?” the shop assistant asked politely.
“夫人,需要帮忙吗?” 店员礼貌地问道。
30. advertisement /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/ n. 广告;启事
拓展:
缩写:ad /æd/
短语:
watch an advertisement 看广告
put an advertisement 登广告
例句:
We have to watch an advertisement before the movie starts.
电影开始前我们得看一段短广告。
I can put an advertisement in The Lady.
我可以在《女士》杂志上登则广告。
二、常见表达
1. Thank you for inviting me to speak to you about the Red Cross today.
感谢你今天邀请我来和你们讲讲红十字会的事。
【知识点1】Thank sb. for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事
【解析】
①“for”是介词,后接动名词(doing 形式),用于对对方的行为表示感谢;
②Thank you=Thanks。
【例句】
Thank you for helping me with my math homework.
感谢你帮我辅导数学作业。
Thank you for sharing your snacks with us.
感谢你和我们分享你的零食。
【知识点2】invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
【解析】
“invite”后接宾语(sb.),再用动词不定式(to do)说明邀请的具体行为。
【例句】
She invited her friends to come to her birthday party.
她邀请朋友们来参加她的生日派对。
They have invited me to go to Paris with them.
他们邀请我和他们一同去巴黎。
2. Most of all, being a nurse has taught me the value of every life.
最重要的是,当护士教会了我每个生命的价值。
【知识点】Most of all 最重要的是
【解析】
①这是一个插入语,用于强调在一系列事物、原因或情感中最为突出、最重要的一项,起到加强语气和突出重点的作用;
②通常位于句首或句末,用逗号隔开;也可置于句中,前后加逗号。
【例句】
Most of all, we should be honest with each other.
最重要的是,我们应该彼此诚实。
I enjoy reading, traveling, and, most of all, learning new things.
我喜欢阅读、旅行,最重要的是,学习新事物。
3. Everyone wants to be successful. But to achieve success, we need to have a clear goal and stick to it.
每个人都想成功。但要取得成功,我们需要有明确的目标并坚持下去。
【知识点1】stick to 坚持
【解析】
①“stick to”是动词短语,后接名词、代词或动名词(-ing),强调“不放弃、持续坚持”某个事物;
②近义词组:insist on。
【例句】
You should stick to your plan if you want to finish the task on time.
如果你想按时完成任务,就应该坚持你的计划。
He sticks to running every morning, so he is in good health.
他坚持每天早上跑步,所以身体很健康。
【知识点2】名词变形容词的常见后缀类型
后缀类型
名词例
形容词例
-ful
care
careful
hope
hopeful
-less
care
careless
home
homeless
-y
rain
rainy
health
healthy
-al
nature
natural
nation
national
-ous
danger
dangerous
fame
famous
-ly
friend
friendly
love
lovely
【例句】
名词:There is much rain today. 今天雨很大。
形容词:It’s a rainy day, so we can’t go out. 今天是雨天,所以我们不能出门。
名词:He is my good friend. 他是我的好朋友。
形容词:He is very friendly to everyone. 他对每个人都很友好。
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