2026届高考英语·重难点专项突破练习卷4 定语从句关系词 导学案
2026高考英语·重难点专项突破练习卷4
定语从句关系词
核【核心知识·深度解读】
定语从句是高考语法填空和短文改错的必考点,近三年真题越来越倾向于考查关系副词where和why在抽象名词后的用法,以及关系代词与关系副词的选择。学生往往只记得where表地点,why表原因,但遇到抽象名词如point, case, situation, stage, condition, activity, job, race等,就难以判断何时用where,何时用which/that。
1. 关系副词where的抽象化:当先行词是表示“情况、阶段、领域、点”等抽象名词时,若从句中缺少地点状语(即主语+谓语+宾语完整,只缺状语),则用where引导定语从句。常见抽象先行词:point(地步/时刻),case(情况),situation(形势),stage(阶段),condition(条件/状况),activity(活动),business(行业/事务),race(赛跑/竞争),atmosphere(氛围),world(世界),family(家庭)等。例如:We have reached a point where we have to make a decision.(我们已经到了必须做出决定的地步。)
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2. 关系副词why的用法:why的先行词通常是reason,且关系从句中缺原因状语。但注意,当reason在从句中作主语或宾语时,要用that/which。比较:This is the reason why he left.(why作状语)This is the reason that/which he explained.(that/which作explained的宾语)
3. 关系代词与关系副词的选择方法:①分析从句结构,如果从句主谓宾完整,缺状语,则考虑关系副词(where, when, why);如果缺主语/宾语/表语,则用关系代词(which, that, who等)。②将先行词代入从句,看是用介词+which还是直接用关系副词。例如:I'll never forget the days when we worked together.(days在从句中作状语,on the days)
4. 真题示例(语法填空): “They have reached a point ______ they have to separate fact from fiction.” 此处先行词point抽象,从句they have to separate...主谓宾完整,缺状语(in which/where),故填where。2024·全国甲卷:“The reason ______ he gave for being late was unacceptable.” 从句中gave缺少宾语,故填that/which,不填why。
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关系词 | 先行词类型 | 从句中作用 | 例句 |
where | 具体/抽象地点名词(place, room, case, point, situation...) | 地点状语(相当于介词+which) | This is the point where we differ. |
why | reason | 原因状语(相当于for which) | Tell me the reason why you are late. |
when | 时间名词(time, day, period...) | 时间状语(相当于in/at/on which) | I remember the day when we met. |
which/that | 任何名词/代词 | 主语/宾语/表语 | The reason which he gave was false. |
🔹 专项突破·定语从句(抽象where/why)50题(语篇+单句)
▶ 题型:语法填空(每空填一词,注意关系词选择)
【语篇一 · 人生感悟】
There comes a point in life ①________ you have to make tough choices. I still remember the moment ②________ I decided to study abroad.
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