Unit1语法专项一般现在时与一般将来时的被动语态课件-2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

2026-03-02
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摘要:

该初中英语课件聚焦外研版八年级下册Unit 1语法专项,系统梳理一般现在时与一般将来时被动语态的核心知识,从语态本质、使用场景到两种时态的结构(含will be型和be going to be型),再到主动变被动三步法及动词过去分词变化规则,构建完整知识网络。 其亮点在于采用“全解精讲+分层练习”模式,设计句型转换、语境填空等多样化练习,如通过“主动变被动三步法”培养学生逻辑思维,结合易错点提醒提升学习能力,助力不同水平学生巩固知识,也为教师提供精准复习教学支持。

内容正文:

教学课件 外研英语八年级下册 Unit 1语法专项——一般现在时与一般将来时的被动语态 全解精讲+分层练习 1 学习目标 1.理解被动语态的本质,明确核心使用场景 2.熟记两种时态被动语态的完整结构,精准区分用法 3.掌握主动变被动三步法,实现句式零失误转换 4.掌握动词过去分词变化规则,熟记高频不规则形式 5.能在不同题型中灵活运用两种被动语态解决语法问题 语态的概念 英语有主动、被动两种基本语态,由主语与动作的逻辑关系决定。 1.主动语态:主语是动作发出者,侧重说明“谁做了动作” 2.被动语态:主语是动作承受者,侧重说明“动作作用于谁” 同一语义可通过两种语态表达,仅表达侧重点不同, 例:The farmer plants flowers in early spring.(主动,强调农民) Flowers are planted by the farmer in early spring.(被动,强调花) 译:农民在初春种花/花在初春被农民种下。 核心使用场景 1.动作发出者不明确,无法确定或无需具体说明执行者 2.动作发出者不重要,表达重点在动作的承受者而非执行者 3.刻意突出动作承受者,使其成为句子的核心表达对象 例:Streets are cleaned every morning. 译:街道每天早上都会被打扫(执行者不明确,无需提及)。 被动语态的构成核心 被动语态的基础结构为“be动词+动词过去分词”,核心要点有四点: 1.be动词是被动语态的标志,体现时态、人称和数的变化 2.过去分词体现被动含义,形式固定,需按规则变形 3.by+动作发出者为可选补充成分,仅用于明确动作执行者时 4.被动语态中be动词不可省略,否则无法体现被动含义 例:The letter is written by Tom. 译:这封信是汤姆写的(by短语明确执行者)。 一般现在时被动语态-核心结构 一般现在时被动语态的核心用法是表达客观事实、经常性的被动动作或既定状态。 1.基础结构:主语 + am/is/are + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作发出者) 2.am/is/are的选择:依据主语的人称和单复数确定 3.by短语用法:可直接省略,仅需明确执行者时添加 4.时间标志词:every day/week、usually、always、often等 例1:Rice is grown in the south of China.译:水稻在中国南方被种植; 例2:The classroom is cleaned by students every day.译:教室每天被学生们打扫。 一般现在时被动语态-主谓一致要点 1.第一人称单数主语用am,第二人称单/复数主语用are 2.第三人称单数主语用is,复数主语(无论人称)均用are 3.不可数名词、单数名词作主语用is,复数名词作主语用are 例1:I am asked to read English every morning. 译:我每天早上都被要求读英语; 例2:They are taught math by Mr. Li.,译:李老师教他们数学。 一般将来时被动语态-结构一(will be型) will be型是一般将来时被动语态的结构,表达将要发生、无明确计划指向的被动动作。 1.核心结构:主语 + will be + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作发出者) 2.关键特点:will无人称、数的变化,后接be动词原形 3.by短语用法:同一般现在时,可省略,明确执行者时添加 4.时间标志词:tomorrow、next week/year、soon、in three days等 例1:A new hospital will be built in our city next year. 例2:The problem will be discussed at the meeting tomorrow. 一般将来时被动语态-结构二(be going to be型) be going to be 表达按计划、按安排将要发生的被动动作,与will be型可互换。 1.核心结构:主语 + am/is/are going to be + 动词过去分词 2.关键特点:am/is/are随主语变化,后接的be动词始终用原形 3.用法侧重:强调动作的计划性和确定性,多为提前安排的事 4.时间标志词:next month、this weekend、soon等 例1:The sports meeting is going to be held next month. 例2:A new library is going to be built in our school. 两种将来时被动语态结构对比 will be型和be going to be型均表将来的被动动作,核心差异在语气和使用场景,对比要点: 1.will be型: 无明确计划指向,表单纯将要发生的被动动作 2.be going to be型: 强调按计划、按安排发生的被动动作 互换原则:无明确计划提示时,两种结构可随意互换,语义不变 例:The concert will be held this weekend. The concert is going to be held this weekend. 译:这场音乐会本周末将举办。 主动变被动-核心原则 1.时态不变:原句的时态在被动句中保持一致 2.主谓一致:被动句的be动词与新主语保持人称、数的一致 3.成分对应:原句宾语变被动句主语,原句主语可变为by的宾语 4.保留搭配:带介词/副词的动词短语,被动时需保留介词/副词 例:We clean up the classroom.→The classroom is cleaned up (by us). 译:我们打扫教室→教室被我们打扫(保留短语clean up中的up)。 主动变被动-第一步:找宾语,变主语 1.先找出主动句中动作的承受者,即句子的宾语(直接宾语优先) 2.将宾语直接变为被动句的主语,单复数形式保持不变 3.若为双宾语结构,可任选一个宾语作为被动句的主语 例:He gives me a book.→A book is given to me (by him)./I am given a book (by him).译:他给我一本书→一本书被他送给我/我被他送了一本书。 主动变被动-第二步:变谓语,保时态 1.将主动句的谓语动词变为“be + 动词过去分词”的被动形式 2.be动词的时态与主动句谓语动词的时态完全一致 3.be动词的单复数、人称与被动句的新主语保持一致 例:They plant trees every year.→Trees are planted (by them) every year. 译:他们每年种树→树每年被他们种(一般现在时,复数主语用are)。 主动变被动-第三步:加by,置句末 1.将主动句的主语变为by的宾语,构成by短语表动作执行者 2.将by短语放置在被动句的末尾,作为句子的补充成分 3.若主动句主语是人称代词,需变为对应的宾格形式 4.动作发出者不明确、无需强调时,直接省略by短语 例:We use computers in our life.→Computers are used (by us) in our life.,译:我们在生活中使用电脑→电脑在生活中被我们使用。 主动变被动-一般现在时完整示例 例句:We usually clean up our office for the holidays. 1.找宾语变主语:our office(原宾语)→ 被动句主语 2.变谓语保时态:clean up(一般现在时)→ is cleaned up(单数主语用is) 3.加by置句末:we → us → by us 被动句:Our office is usually cleaned up (by us) for the holidays. 主动变被动-一般将来时完整示例 例句:They will build a new bridge over the river. 1.找宾语变主语:a new bridge(原宾语)→ 被动句主语 2.变谓语保时态:will build(一般将来时)→ will be built(will后接be原形) 3.加by置句末:they → them → by them 被动句:A new bridge will be built by them over the river. 动词过去分词-规则变化(一) 1.一般情况:动词词尾直接加-ed, 2.以不发音e结尾:动词词尾直接加-d, 例:clean→cleaned(打扫)、plant→planted(种植)、like→liked(喜欢)、close→closed(关闭)。 动词过去分词-规则变化(二) 1.辅音字母+y结尾:先变y为i,再加-ed, 2.元音字母+y结尾:直接加-ed,无需变y, 3.重读闭音节(辅+元+辅)结尾:双写尾字母,再加-ed 例:carry→carried(携带)、play→played(玩)、stop→stopped(停止)、plan→planned(计划)。 动词过去分词-不规则变化(高频) 1.基础类:do→done(做)、see→seen(看见)、make→made(制作) 2.动作类:write→written(写)、take→taken(拿)、tell→told(告诉) 3.建筑类:build→built(建造)、hold→held(举办)、grow→grown(种植) 例:The letter is written by my mother. A new house is built near the park. 被动语态-易错点提醒(一) 1.被动语态中be动词不可省略,无be动词则无法体现被动含义 2.will be/ be going to be结构中,be始终用原形,不随主语变化 3.一般现在时被动语态中,be动词需严格与主语保持主谓一致 错例:Flowers planted in spring.; 正例:Flowers are planted in spring.(译:花在春天被种植)。 被动语态-易错点提醒(二) 1.动作发出者不明确、泛指人们时,直接省略by短语,无需加by people 2.强调动作承受者时,即使执行者明确,也可省略by短语 3.仅当需要明确指出“谁做的动作”时,才添加by短语 例:Many trees are planted by people every year. Many trees are planted every year.(译:每年都会种很多树)。 被动语态-易错点提醒(三) 1.带介词/副词的动词短语,变被动时需完整保留介词/副词,不可省略 2.介词/副词的位置固定,紧跟在过去分词后 3.常见易混短语:clean up、look after、take care of、put on等 例:We look after the old man.→The old man is looked after (by us). (译:我们照顾这位老人→这位老人被我们照顾),不可省略after。 专项练习一 - 句型转换(主动变被动) 1.People grow wheat in the north of China. 2.She waters the little garden every morning. 3.They will hold a music festival in the park this summer. 4.Our teacher checks our homework carefully every day. 5.We will finish the English project in two days. Wheat is grown in the north of China. The little garden is watered every morning. A music festival will be held in the park this summer. Our homework is checked carefully every day. The English project will be finished in two days. 专项练习二 - 用所给动词的正确被动形式填空 1.This kind of toy _____________ (make) in Guangdong. 2.The new books _____________ (send) to our school next week. 3.These rules _____________ (follow) by all the students in our class. 4.A new playground _____________ (build) in our school next term. 5.Your questions _____________ (answer) by the teacher in the next class. 6.The classroom _____________ (clean) by the students every afternoon. is cleaned is made will be sent are followed will be built will be answered 专项练习三 - 单项选择 1.The window ________ by Li Ming every morning. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. is cleaning 2.A new cinema ________ in our town next year. A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. builds 3.Chinese ________ by many people all over the world now. A. speaks B. is spoken C. is speaking D. spoke 4.The school trip ________ next Friday. A. will hold B. is held C. will be held D. holds B C B C 专项练习四 - 单项选择 1.The little baby ________ by her grandmother every day. A. is taken care B. is taken care of C. takes care of D. is taking care of 2.The new plan ________ at the meeting this afternoon. A. will discuss B. will be discussed C. is discussed D. discusses 3.This book ________ by many students in our school every year. A. reads B. is read C. is reading D. read 4.The old building ________ down next month. A. will be pulled B. is pulled C. pulls D. will pull B B B A 专项练习五 - 单句改错 1.The desk is make of wood. ________ 2.A birthday party will be hold next Sunday. ________ 3.The stories are readed by many children. ________ 4.The little boy is going to be invite to the party. ________ 5.These rooms are clean by workers every day. ________ 6.The flowers are look after by my sister. ________ make→made hold→held readed→read invite→invited clean→cleaned look→looked 专项练习六 - 完成句子 1.这些问题每天都会被讨论。 These questions ________ ________ every day. 2.明年这里会建一所新的中学。 A new middle school ________ ________ ________ here next year. 3.英语在国际交流中被广泛使用。 English ________ ________ widely in international communication. 4.这场比赛将在下周举行。 The match ________ ________ ________ next week. are discussed will be built is used will be held 专项练习七 - 语境填空 Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. It _____________ (clean) by workers every morning. A new art room _____________ (build) near the teaching building, and it _____________ (finish) next month. All the students are looking forward to it. Many beautiful pictures _____________ (put) in the art room before it opens. is cleaned will be built will be finished will be put 核心知识-两种被动语态结构汇总 1.一般现在时被动:主语 + am/is/are + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 执行者) 2.一般将来时被动①:主语 + will be + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 执行者) 3.一般将来时被动②:主语 + am/is/are going to be + 动词过去分词 4.核心标志:be动词为被动必备,过去分词体现被动含义 核心知识-主动变被动三步法速记 1.找宾语,变主语:原宾语→新主语,单复数不变 2.变谓语,保时态:主动谓语→be+过去分词,时态一致 3.加by,置句末:原主语→by的宾格,可省略 核心知识-高频不规则过去分词表 1.书写/创作类:write→written、draw→drawn、make→made 2.建造/举办类:build→built、hold→held、set→set 3.感官/动作类:see→seen、hear→heard、take→taken 4.基础类:do→done、go→gone、know→known 课堂小结(一) 1.被动语态的核心是突出动作的承受者,使用场景为执行者不明、不重要或需突出承受者时 2.一般现在时被动语态表客观事实、经常性被动动作,结构为am/is/are+过去分词 3.一般将来时被动语态有两种结构,will be型表单纯将来,be going to be型表计划中的将来 4.两种将来时被动结构可互换,核心差异在语气的计划性强弱 课堂小结(二) 1.主动变被动需遵循时态不变、主谓一致等原则,三步法可实现精准转换 2.动词过去分词分规则和不规则变化,规则变化有固定规律,不规则变化需重点熟记 3.被动语态易错点集中在be动词省略、短语介词遗漏、by短语滥用,需刻意规避 4.被动语态是英语基础语法,需结合题型多练 教学课件 Unit 1语法专项——一般现在时与一般将来时的被动语态 Thank you for listening! 35 $

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Unit1语法专项一般现在时与一般将来时的被动语态课件-2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册
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Unit1语法专项一般现在时与一般将来时的被动语态课件-2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册
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Unit1语法专项一般现在时与一般将来时的被动语态课件-2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册
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Unit1语法专项一般现在时与一般将来时的被动语态课件-2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册
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Unit1语法专项一般现在时与一般将来时的被动语态课件-2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册
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Unit1语法专项一般现在时与一般将来时的被动语态课件-2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册
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