专题20 阅读理解--行文方式、逻辑关系精讲-2026届中考英语总复习（牛津译林版）

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦阅读理解“行文方式、逻辑关系”专题，覆盖篇章结构、写作手法、还原信息三大中考核心题型，按“考查要点-解题步骤-真题精讲-综合训练”架构组织内容，通过梳理总分总/并列等结构类型、首段引入方式等考点，结合步骤化解题指导和2024-2025年江苏等地真题实例，帮助学生突破语篇逻辑分析难点，体现复习的系统性和针对性。 亮点在于“策略-真题-训练”三维联动设计，如通过徐州D篇“头发用途”说明文实例，演示“总-分-总”结构分析步骤，培养学生思维品质；结合南通B篇议论文首段对比观点引入手法，提升语言能力中的语篇理解素养。综合训练包含不同难度真题，配合限时测试和错误归因指导，确保学生高效掌握逻辑分析技巧，教师可据此精准把控复习节奏，助力学生提升应考能力。

专题20 阅读理解--行文方式、逻辑关系精讲 题型1篇章结构 该题型主要考查学生辨别语篇中的衔接手段，判断语篇中句子之间、段落之间的逻辑关系的能力。近几年，考查频次明显增加。 常见设题方式 ·How is the passage organized? ·Which best shows the structure of this passage? 常见文章结构 1.总分总：首段提出主题，中间分论点支撑，末段总结升华。 解题关键：重点抓首段主旨句和尾段结论句，中间段落通常为并列分论点。 2.总分或分总： 总分——首段概括整体，后续段落分项说明。 分总——先分述细节，尾段归纳主题。 3.并列式：段落间平行展开，无主次关系，每段独立说明不同方面（常见于说明文，用以列举不同观点或事例）。 4.对照式：段落间呈对比关系（如正反论证：优点vs缺点）。 解题步骤 Step 1 速读首尾段，快速判定文体，预判结构特征 多数文章首段通常揭示核心话题，尾段总结作者态度或建议，由此判断是“总分总”结构。 结合文体进行判断：记叙文——按时间线排序；说明文——常为“总分”结构；议论文——常为“分总”结构。 Step 2 分析各段落之间的逻辑关系 时间线索：记叙文通常按事件发展顺序推进，关注表示时间发展顺序的词（first、later、finally）。 因果链：说明文或议论文中，寻找因果词（because、therefore）串联段落。 对比标志：注意转折词汇（however、on the contrary），提示对照结构。 举例段落：示例通常支持前文论点（for example、such as）。 数据段落：提供支撑论点的数据（percent、double、statistics）。 Step 3 匹配选项与结构特征 [2024徐州D篇] 体裁：说明文 主题：人与社会——头发的多种用途 难度：8 min After the haircut It's getting hot. You go to have your hair cut. The barber Tony cuts off part of your hair and sweeps it away, but your hair's journey is not over after the haircut. Have you ever thought of planting your old hair after it's cut off? Some farmers do! What comes up? Not wigs（假发）, but bigger and tastier crops. Hair is full of nitrogen（氮） that helps plants to grow. When cut hair is mixed into soil, the hair breaks down, slowly letting out nitrogen so it can help flowers and vegetables got big a little faster. If you've got a wool sweater on, you're wearing a sheep's haircut. Sheep grow fine curly（弯曲的） fur called wool. All those curls make air pockets that trap heat, keeping the sheep warm. Farmers shear the sheep in summer, so the sheep don't feel too hot. And we use the hair to make warm clothes, socks, and hats. Wool can even take in rain without feeling wet. Wool also doesn't catch fire easily. What does your hair say about you? Even many years after it has been cut, hair can tell surprising secrets. Because hair is made from bits of old cells, it has trace（微量） of chemicals（化学物质） that were in the body when the hair grew. When people are kept in the situation of dangerous chemicals, these traces remain in the hair, even long after they have disappeared from the body itself. Testing hair can help doctors know if there are dangerous chemicals in the food and water. Hair can tell another important secret—whose hair is it? This can be used to help solve crimes. Hair does so many things for us. It keeps us warm and cool, helps farmers, shows mysteries, and provides endless styling fun. One thing is for sure: it's not just for wigs any more. 篇章结构题 How is the passage organized?（P: Paragraph）（ ） A． B． C． D． 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 速读首尾段，快速判定文体，预判结构特征 仔细阅读第一段：连词but后面的内容是作者想要表达的观点。由此判断本文第一段以理发场景切入，提出“头发被剪后旅程未结束”的核心观点。 再读最后一段：根据第一句和第三句可知，文章结尾总结头发有许多用途。 结合首尾段内容可快速确定本文是一篇说明文，基本可锁定“总—分—总”结构。 Step 2分析各段落之间的逻辑关系 快读第2~4段，很快发现： 第二段中心句在段尾，根据“it can help flowers and vegetables got big a little faster”可知，本段讲述了头发分解释放的氮元素可促进植物生长，即头发在农业中的应用价值。 第三段描述了羊毛的物理特性和羊毛制品的优势，即羊毛在纺织业中的应用价值。 第四段围绕“Testing hair can help doctors”和“This can be used to help solve crimes.”讲述了头发在医疗和刑侦方面的应用。 由此可知，中间的三个段落之间是并列关系，分别阐述了毛发的不同用途。 Step 3匹配选项与结构特征 综上可知，全文先总述，后分述，最后总结，呼应文章标题的脉络走向；属于“总—分—总”结构，故答案为A项。 题型2 写作手法 考查要点 1.文章开篇方式：识别作者引入主题的手法（如提问、举例、对比等） 2.段落功能分析：理解某段在全文中的作用（如点题、设置悬念、引出下文等） 3.逻辑关系判断：分析作者如何通过特定写作策略推进论述 解题步骤 Step 1 定位关键段落：聚焦关键段落开头的1~2句，常见手法：提问、举例、对比或解释原因。 Step 2 标注关键词：圈出标志性词汇（如疑问词、举例词、转折词）。 Step 3 结合文体特征排除干扰选项： 议论文常以提问或现象引入，倾向举例论证或对比论证； 说明文多用举例、列数据或下定义的手法； 记叙文可能以人物描写、场景描写或对话展开； 新闻多描述事实。 [2024南通B篇]体裁：议论文 主题：人与自我——创新思维 难度： 8 min Some people think creativity is making something completely new, so they do not think of themselves as creative ones. However, some other people think creativity can just be expressing themselves through everyday acts and they are born creative because it is not an all-or-nothing quality or skill. Whether or not we realize it, we all have the ability to express creativity. Sometimes the path to creative productivity is being willing to do something different. Are you someone who loves to read comics? Perhaps it is time you created one of your own. Don't worry if you cannot draw very well or feel that you cannot write humorous reports for characters. Nobody says this is an exam! You only have to please yourself, to gain the satisfaction that you try something new, all on your own. If you feel easy, you can of course share it with our loved ones, or post it on social media. Are you someone who likes to express yourself in writing? Try writing a blog. This is like the new version of a diary. In your blog, you can write about your thoughts, opinions and experiences. You can also write stories or plays, if you feel up to it! The blog provides you with a platform to create something new every day, in written forms. Are you someone who likes to be alone? Now, think about the things that make you happy. Find a small place in your room, or any place in your home, where you can spend time with yourself. It can be a small corner next to your bed or a wall. It can be a poster of your favourite rock star or photos of your friends. You can also pick a guitar if you like to play instruments, or a few storybooks if you love reading. Some of you may like flowers, candles or pretty things. Decorate your area with your favourite things in any way you like. That is creativity! And if you do feel bored with this, you can change, add or remove something. By realizing the chances in our daily lives to inspire our creativity, no matter how small, we may become more comfortable with taking bigger creative leaps in other aspects of our lives. 1．题型11写作手法题 How does the writer begin the article? A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples. C．By comparing opinions. D．By explaining reasons. 解题步骤（结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1定位关键段落 根据题干中的关键词可知，本题询问的是文章是如何开篇的，故直接定位到文章的第 一 段。 Step 2标注关键词 圈出首段标志性词汇（见文章中画波浪线的部分），可以发现第一段由转折性词汇“However”分为两层，分别有标志性词汇“Some people think”和“some other people think”，由此可知，文章是用两种不同的观点引入话题开篇的。 Step 3 结合文体特征排除干扰选项 选项 分析 结论 A. By asking questions. 提问应有明显的标志符号“？” 第一段无，排除 B. By giving examples. 举例应有明显的标志词“for example”“such as”等 第一段无，排除 C. By comparing opinions. 对比观点应有关键词“think”“find”等 与文章第一段中的关键句相吻合 D. By explaining reasons. 解释原因应有“because”“for”等词且有解释的内容 第一段无，排除 由此可推断，正确答案为C项。 题型3 还原信息 该题型要求学生在整体理解文章的基础上，利用上下文和逻辑推理，分析语篇结构，最终选择合适的内容还原到文章中，使文章结构完整、逻辑连贯。 考查要点 1.语篇结构分析能力：理解段落功能（主旨段、过渡段、论证段、总结段） 2.逻辑关系判断能力：识别上下文之间的因果、转折、并列、递进等逻辑关系（关键词如because、but、however、and、besides等） 3.上下文语义衔接能力：通过代词指代（如it、they、this），词汇复现（同义词、近义词重复出现），时间顺序等线索匹配信息 4.主旨概括能力:尤其是位于段首或段尾的设空，需归纳段落核心或总结上文。 解题步骤 Step 1 分析挖空位置，预判句子功能 （1）空处位于段首，空处应是主旨句、小标题、承上启下句等 （2）空处位于段中，空处应是例证、转折、因果句（如举例、解释原因）等 （3）空处位于段尾，空处应是总结句、承上启下句等 Step 2 精读上下文，锁定逻辑与词汇线索 逻辑线索：（1）因果关系：空后出现so，前句可能为原因；空后出现because，前句可能为结果。 （2）转折关系：出现but、yet、however等，其所连接的前后句可能为对立观点。 词汇线索：（1）代词指代：空后出现they、it等，则应在选项中找与之匹配的名词。 （2）同义复现：上下文出现重复意义的关键词（如原文有decrease，选项出现reduce）。 Step 3 分析选项，排除干扰项 干扰项特征：（1）信息正确但逻辑不匹配（如应填原因或结果，选项却给出转折性描述）。 （2）含原文词汇但脱离上下文（如孤立细节，无法衔接上下文）。 Step 4 通读验证，确保连贯性 将选项代入后通读，检查语义是否通顺，有无矛盾；逻辑衔接是否自然。 [2024南通C篇改编] 体裁：记叙文 主题：人与社会——社会服务与人际交往 难度： 9 min My friend Julie and I are keen on creating a beautiful green town. Gardening Course Every September, our city has a special festival. Crowds of happy people go to the park, waving ribbons in their hands. That's because the gardening competition takes place there. For Julie and me, it was a pity that we couldn't take part in the competition, for that was also the first day of our high school. We buried ourselves in choosing courses. We wanted to learn all about plants, gardening and farming. Finally, a course called Agriculture and Wildlife came into our sight. We thought it would help us succeed as gardeners. Project presentation After a year's study, Julie advised me to give a presentation. There was a small plastic model of my idea on the table. On the other side of the table, my teachers were waiting to see my project—the green farm. “Good morning!” I said, “During my studies. I've learned a lot about city farming. Now, I want to do something with what I've learned.” I showed them the model. “This is the high street of our town. This is an old, nine-floor car park. No one has used it for the last two years and it's now for sale.” I continued the presentation. They could see my designs on the big screen when I talked. “I've designed a city farm using the car park building. There will be eight floors to farm fruit and vegetables. This design can help us collect rainwater to wet the soil. And we can also use energy from the sun to power the special growing lights.” “I will hire the space out to local people and they will sell everything good enough for the environment in local shops. Also, the ninth floor will be for those who want to grow their own plants.” My audience looked interested and my project got the highest mark in my class. But in the real world, it couldn't happen because the car park was not available. ▲ Later, Julie helped me search the town for the perfect place for gardening, not in front of the Town Hall or the shopping centre. We tried to look for something different. Somewhere that was not the best neighbourhood, but a poor one. One where the road was full of holes and the pavement（人行道） was all broken. At last, we made it. In the neighbourbood, we posted letters through people's doors with gardening instructions. More and more people cared about that and began to plant vegetable gardens. Then in the same neighbourhood, we put grass over those broken old pavements for the kids to play on. Finally, we put up a sign that said, “Have fun here.” When we finished, we were both covered in soil and completely exhausted. But Julie put an arm around my shoulders and smiled. “Not bad!” she said. “We can do more to make our town greener!” 还原信息题 Which is the most suitable for ▲?（ ） A．Grass Spaces B．Farming Instructions C．Vegetable Gardens D．Gardening Experiences 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1分析挖空位置，预判句子功能 从本文的结构来看，挖空处应是小标题，要概括后面一部分内容。 Step 2精读上下文，锁定逻辑与词汇线索 仔细阅读下文可知，该部分主要描述了作者与Julie寻找适合种植花木的地点，并通过实际行动改善社区环境的过程。核心线索词汇为“gardening”和“make our town greener”，全程围绕作者亲身参与的园艺实践展开。 Step 3 分析选项，排除干扰项 选项 分析 A. Grass Spaces 仅提到“put grass over those broken old pavements”，属于局部细节，无法概括整个部分，故排除 B. Farming Instructions 虽然提及“posted letters...with gardening instructions”，但这仅是整个园艺实践的环节之一，不具有概括性，故排除 C. Vegetable Gardens 文中提到居民种植菜园，但这是项目结果而非该部分主题，故排除 D. Gardening Experiences 完整涵盖选址、行动、成果和情感体验，与整部分内容高度契合 Step 4 通读验证，确保连贯性 将D项代入通读，逻辑衔接自然，所以正确答案为D项。 综合训练 （一） （2025·江苏南通·二模）Climate change has brought a serious warning of not having enough water and animal disappearing if we don’t care about Mother Nature. Indeed, many efforts have been made by different organizations, encouraging us to save the earth. These have certainly raised awareness of the environmental problems, and laws have been made by governments to reduce pollution. However, I don’t think people are doing enough to protect the environment. Every year about 9 million people die from pollution—related causes and that is 3 times more than deaths because of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. This number shows that many people pay little attention to the environment — in their daily lives. And there’re not enough actions to prevent the biodiversity (生物多样性) loss, climate change and pollution. What we need to do, is to first relook the way we live. For the past 2 years, I have been trying to protect the environment. Firstly, I am more careful with the use of electricity. I used to turn on all the lights when entering a room. Now I make it a point to open the curtains and let natural light in. If it gets dark, I turn on only one light and make sure to turn it off when leaving the room. This has worked wonders and my parents are pleased too, as it has cut our electricity bill by 50 percent. ① Besides energy protection, I’ve formed the habit of bringing my own reusable bags wherever I go. This greatly reduces my need of plastic bags! Whenever I go shopping, I use my own reusable bags instead of plastic bags offered. It takes time and effort to wash up, but when I count the number of plastic bags that I would save with this small behavior, it’s well worth those extra minutes of my time. ② Finally, being a carnivore (食肉动物), I can never completely give up meat. Yet, after reading an article showing how a vegan (素食主义者) diet could cut global greenhouse emissions by about 70 percent, I decided to do something—be vegetarian once a week. ③ At a UN meeting in December 2018, where over 200 countries met to find 9 practical ways to reduce carbon, the most important reminder was that we are the last generation that can stop climate change. ④ 1．What does the underlined word “These” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．The importance of saying no to pollution. B．The awareness of protecting the environment. C．The efforts organizations have made to save the earth. D．The laws governments have made to reduce pollution. 2．What are Paragraph 3, Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．How the writer is careful with energy. B．How the writer protects the environment. C．What the writer does to save electricity. D．What the writer gets from his experience. 3．According to this passage, which of the following is true? A．Now all people around the world have done a lot to save the energy. B．In 2018 more than 200 countries met to find ways to reduce pollution. C．Every year AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria cause more deaths than pollution. D．For many years the writer has been caring about the environment in his daily life. 4．In which place of this passage can the sentence “If that is true, I hope to be able to say that I have done my part to protect the one place we all call home.” be put into? A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了气候变化和环境问题对人类生存的严重威胁，以及个人在环境保护方面可以采取的具体行动。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Indeed, many efforts have been made by different organizations, encouraging us to save the earth.”可知，“These”指代的是前面提到的各种组织为拯救地球所做的努力。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据“For the past 2 years, I have been trying to protect the environment. Firstly…Besides energy protection…Finally, being a carnivore…”以及内容可知第三段讲述节约用电，第四段讲述使用可重复使用的袋子，第五段讲述减少肉类消费，这些都是作者保护环境的具体做法。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“At a UN meeting in December 2018, where over 200 countries met to find 9 practical ways to reduce carbon”可知2018年，200多个国家齐聚一堂，寻找减少污染的方法。故选B。 4．推理判断题。这句话表达的是希望为保护地球尽一份力，与最后一段“the most important reminder was that we are the last generation that can stop climate change(最重要的提醒是，我们是能够阻止气候变化的最后一代人)” 相呼应，因此放在④处最合适。故选D。 （二） （2025·江苏南通·二模） Technology has done our world wonders: from development in medicine to our daily lives. It has undoubtedly changed the way our society works, and how we communicate with one another and ourselves. However, by welcoming technology as part of life, are we losing our ability to create? Technology provides a new chance for creativity to exist (存在). Through technology, ideas can be set free and come to life. We have the necessary tools for greater possibilities and new solutions. For example, businesses now have the chance to improve themselves more creatively through websites, film advertisements, social media or radio. However, when we look more closely, it’s easy to notice some disadvantages. For example, many of us depend so much on automated calculations (计算器) rather than taking the time to work it out for ourselves. Another situation is that a lot of people are spending too much time on screens. As a result, they are reducing the chances to come up with their own creations. Is there a way to find a balance between technology and human creativity? I think so. It is simply a matter of making sure that creativity is not deterred by technology. The first way is to reduce our use of electronic products by setting limits on when, where, and how long we use them, turning off the notice on your phone. Once you become used to these, you will feel surprised how little you think about your phone. Another wonderful way is to take daily walks in nature. It can help you refresh and keep going. In the long run, a daily walk can not only influence our creativity and imagination but further our physical and mental health. We can also develop our creativity by doing yoga, keeping a diary, or reading. The actions you choose to take will help change the relationship between creativity and technology for the better. With the right balance, technology can be a good method of improving creativity. 1．Why does the writer ask the underlined question in the beginning? A．To draw the reader’s attention to the topic. B．To show the writer likes technology. C．To tell the reader the importance of technology. D．To prove creativity is more important. 2．The underlined word “deterred” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________. A．protected B．controlled C．attacked D．prevented 3．The structure of the passage may be ________. A． B． C． D． 4．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．limiting the use of our phones can help us develop creativity B．turning off the notice on the phone will make people worried C．spending time on screens is the easiest way to keep people happy D．a daily walk does more good to physical health than to mental health 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了科技和人类创造力的相互影响。 1．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了科技的发展与人类创造力之间的关系，故划线部分“However, by welcoming technology as part of life, are we losing our ability to create?”主要用来引起读者对主题的关注。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Is there a way to find a balance between technology and human creativity? I think so. It is simply a matter of making sure that creativity is not deterred by technology.”可知，在技术和人类创造力之间找到平衡，确保创造力不被技术阻止，“deterred”意为“阻止”。故选D。 3．篇章结构题。第一段引出话题，第二段强调技术对创造力的良好影响，第三段介绍一些缺点，第四、五段介绍如何在技术和人类创造力之间找到平衡，第六段总结。全文是总分总结构。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“The first way is to reduce our use of electronic products by setting limits on when, where, and how long we use them, turning off the notice on your phone.”可知，限制手机的使用可以帮助我们发展创造力。故选A。 （三） （2024·浙江台州·一模）①That future is almost here. “I think it’s going to happen. Definitely in ten years…and hopefully much, much faster,” said Sebastian Thrun in 2021. At that time, his young company Kitty Hawk Corporation was working on developing a flying car known as eVTOL, or Electronic Vertical Take-Off and Landing vehicle（车辆）. ②Flying to work or school sounds unbelievable. Not only is it fun to fly, but “there would never be traffic again, because the sky is very, very large,” says Thrun. He also thinks eVTOLs could be greener than common cars. “We go much faster, we go in a straight line, we fly on less energy,” he says. ③So far, though, flying cars haven’t taken off as a product. Will their day come? There are still many problems to solve. Their high price means most people won’t be able to afford one. So, some companies are developing them as air taxis that people could pay to ride. The main problem with flying cars is safety. Accidents in the air are dangerous to both the passengers and anyone on the ground beneath. To make eVTOLs safer, many developers are aiming to make them self-flying—no human pilot required. ④Another problem is space. Most aircraft need long runways to take off and land. Lifting straight up and down like a helicopter solves this problem. But eVTOLs still need special spaces, called vertiports, for take-off and landing. Finding places to put these could be tricky, especially in crowded cities. But maybe some could go on top of buildings. ⑤What do you think? Would you enjoy riding to school or to visit a friend in a self-flying taxi? Are flying cars a good idea, or should we find other ways to get around in the near future? 1．What is Sebastian Thrun’s opinion about the future of flying cars? A．He thinks it will never happen. B．He thinks it will happen in the next century. C．He is not sure about the future of flying cars. D．He believes it will happen in ten years and faster. 2．Why are some companies developing flying cars as air taxis? A．To solve safety problems. B．To make them cheaper. C．To provide rides for people. D．To compete with common cars. 3．What is the possible structure of the passage? A．B． C． D． 4．What is probably the best title of the passage? A．Is a Flying Car Your Dream Car? B．Will Future Flying Cars Need Drivers? C．The Exciting World of Electric Taxis D．The History of Air Travel Technologies 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了飞行汽车的前景、优缺点。 1．细节理解题。根据“I think it’s going to happen. Definitely in ten years…and hopefully much, much faster”可知，他认为十年后，或更快飞行的汽车将会出来。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“So, some companies are developing them as air taxis that people could pay to ride”可知是为了人们有能力担负得起。故选B。 3．篇章结构题。第一段是总述不久飞行的汽车将出现。第二段介绍的是优点，第三四段介绍的是所面临的问题，第五段是询问他人的看法。故选D。 4．最佳标题。本文介绍了飞行汽车的前景、优缺点。所以选项A“飞行的汽车是你理想的车吗”符合文章主题。故选A。 （四） （2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）The winners of the 2023 Hugo Awards (雨果奖) were made public on Oct. 21st, 2023. Chinese writer Hai Ya took home an award for his book “The Space-Time Painter” and he became the third Chinese writer to win a Hugo award after Liu Cixin in 2015 and Hao Jingfang in 2016. When creating the novel, Hai Ya drew his idea from a famous painting, A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains (《千里江山图》). It was painted by Wang Ximeng from the Song Dynasty (宋朝). According to Wang’s life, Hai created a painter named Zhao Ximeng who drew pictures for the emperor 1,000 years ago. After going through many hard times, Zhao’s mind leaves his body and enters a space where a modern policeman is trying to solve a crime about an ancient painting. Hai Ya’s story with science fiction (科幻小说) began in his childhood. “When I was a child, the bookstore in my hometown helped create a beautiful garden in my mind that belonged to me only. In it, science fiction offered the most beautiful ‘flowers’,” Hai Ya told Beijing Youth Daily. He added that science fiction opened a new world for him as a kid. ___★___ These two styles seem totally opposite: One looks back at the past, and the other faces the future. However, in Hai Ya’s works, they find a perfect balance (平衡). “If we can only imagine the future and things in space like rockets, our imagination will be controlled,” Hai Ya said in another interview. “I don’t think history is something completely in the past. It is moving, and we can make predictions about the future by looking back at history. History is also part of our future,” he added. 1．What’s para. 1 mainly about? A．A writer winning a Hugo award. B．The result of 2023 Hugo Awards. C．Three Chinese successful writers. D．The book “The space-time Painter”. 2．Which is true about Zhao Ximeng? A．He is from the Song Dynasty. B．He was a created character. C．He solved a crime about a painting. D．His body enters a modern space. 3．Which of the following can be put in ___★___? A．Hai Ya has his own writing style. B．Hai Ya produced many great works. C．Hai Ya’s lifestyle was changed then. D．Hai Ya mixes history with science fiction. 4．The writer writes the passage to __________. A．teach readers to write novels B．introduce a writer and his book C．make an ad for a great book D．show the value of science fiction 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了第三位获得雨果奖的中国作家海漄，以及他的作品。 1．段落大意题。根据第一段内容“The winners of the 2023 Hugo Awards (雨果奖) were made public on Oct. 21st, 2023. Chinese writer Hai Ya took home an award...”可知，本段介绍了一位获得雨果奖的作家，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“According to Wang’s life, Hai created a painter named Zhao Ximeng who drew pictures for the emperor 1,000 years ago.”可知，赵希孟是海漄创造出来的人物，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“These two styles seem totally opposite: One looks back at the past, and the other faces the future.”可知，这里介绍的是他将历史与未来结合在一起写作，D项“海漄将历史与科幻小说融为一体”符合语境，故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据“...he became the third Chinese writer to win a Hugo award after Liu Cixin in 2015 and Hao Jingfang in 2016.”及通读全文后可知，本文主要介绍了第三位获得雨果奖的中国作家海漄，以及他的作品，故选B。 （五） （2024·山东济宁·二模）The ocean is not a quiet place. This is partly caused by sea animals. They use sound to find what they eat, whom they play with, or which place they move towards. But the noise from human activities is increasingly troubling the lives of ocean animals. According to scientists, loud noise may increase mass strandings (大规模搁浅) of sea animals. Researchers recorded only five of these events in the first half of the 20th century. From 1950 to 2004, they recorded more than 1,200 mass strandings. These were perhaps because of the use of sonar (声呐) underwater. Another main reason of loud underwater noise is pile driving (打桩). Piles are supports for bridges, oil and gas-producing areas. They’re driven deep into the floor of the ocean. Driving a single pile can take several hours and result in as many as 5,000 hits. This process creates a lot of noise. To restrain that noise, some companies are making use of tiny bubbles (气泡). A single bubble is easily broken. However, the bubble wall can make pile driving quieter. The bubble wall is usually created in this way: A tube (管子) is placed in a ring around a pile. Air is then let out through closely spaced openings in the tube. When the bubbles rise, they act as a wall and take in some of the noise. Some more of the sound reflects back and becomes stuck inside the wall. Such bubble walls are really helpful. Other changes to pile driving can help as well. For example, people can take breaks while pile driving and let animals travel through. Our noise in the ocean is causing big problems. But small changes in our behaviors can make a big difference in animals’ lives in the world’s oceans. 1．What troubled the lives of ocean animals according to the text? A．The gas produced in the sea. B．The food polluted by humans. C．The noise from human activities. D．The bubble walls made by some companies. 2．Which word is close to the underlined word “restrain”? A．Control. B．Increase. C．Make. D．Begin. 3．What is the structure (结构) of the text? (P1＝Paragraph 1...) A． B． C． D． 4．Which can be a proper title for the text? A．Know Why Ocean Noise Form B．Learn More about Sea Animals C．Call on People to Protect Animals D．Try to Make a Difference to the Ocean 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了人类活动的噪音越来越困扰着海洋动物的生活以及为了抑制这种噪音人们的行动。 1．细节理解题。根据“But the noise from human activities is increasingly troubling the lives of ocean animals.”可知，人类活动的噪音越来越困扰着海洋动物的生活。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据“To restrain that noise, some companies are making use of tiny bubbles”可知一些公司正在利用微小的泡沫，这样做是为了抑制噪音，故此处划线部分和control意义相近。故选A。 3． 篇章结构题。本文第一段介绍来自人类活动的噪音越来越困扰着海洋动物的生活；第二段介绍人类产生噪音的原因；第三、四段介绍展示了人类是如何改变打桩减少噪音的；第五段介绍我们行为的微小变化可以对世界海洋中动物的生活产生巨大的影响。所以选项B篇章结构图符合题意，故选B。 4．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了人类活动的噪音越来越困扰着海洋动物的生活以及为了抑制这种噪音人们的行动，以选项D“努力改变海洋”为标题最合适。故选D。 （六） （2025·辽宁葫芦岛·一模）①When my school began a project called “Cultural Guardians” (文化守护者), I chose to learn from Master Zhang, a bamboo weaver (编制工) in our neighbor. Little did I know this experience would reshape my understanding of “tradition”. ②As I entered Master Zhang’s workshop, his rough hands were shaping green bamboo strips (条) into a thin tea tray (托盘). “True weaving begins here,” he pointed to his head, “and designs take shape long before hands move.” ③My first try failed completely. Bamboo strips were broken as if they were angry. “Don’t lose heart”, Master Zhang smiled, guiding my fingers to feel the soft strips. “These were boiled 7times over pinewood fire-modern machines can’t give them this temperature.” ④As we worked, he shared hidden meanings: Six-sided fish basket patterns (样式) meant good luck. Tight and loose circles showed life’s balance. My notebook was filled with drawings and wise words: “Good weaving breathes like living skin.” ⑤The magic moment came two weeks later. Sunlight shone through the lantern I have completed, forming shadows (影子) of bird on the wall. So amazing! Thanks to Zhang’s special weaving method. Elderly neighbors mistook it for Zhang’s creation until he said proudly: “The young keep traditions alive!” ⑥Today, I still spend hours on “old things”, such as bamboo pencil boxes or toys. When asked why, I show them how the bamboo stays stronger than plastic-just like true tradition can both adapt (适应) and last longer. 1．According to Master Zhang’s words, ________ is important for beginning weaving. A．your tool B．your habit C．your design D．your experience 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．The fresh bamboo B．The student’s lantern C．The special method D．The bird’s shadow 3．Which one would be the best structure (结构) of the passage? A．B． C． D． 4．What’s the best title (标题) for the text? A．How to make a bamboo toy in 7 steps. B．How to use modern weaving method. C．How to keep tradition alive through hands. D．How to turn modern into traditional. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者因参加学校“文化卫士”的项目向邻居竹织工张师傅学习传统编织工艺的故事，从此以后作者也更加注重传统工艺在生活中的运用。 1．推理判断题。根据“‘True weaving begins here,’ he pointed to his head, ‘and designs take shape long before hands move.’”可知，真正的编织在手动之前，设计就已经成型了，则通过张师傅的描述，“你的设计”对开始编织很重要。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Sunlight shone through the lantern I have completed, forming shadows of bird on the wall. So amazing! Thanks to Zhang’s special weaving method. Elderly neighbors mistook it for Zhang’s creation until he said proudly: ‘The young keep traditions alive!’”可知，多亏张师傅的指点，作者的灯笼做得很好，此处应指老邻居们将“作者做的灯笼”误以为是张师傅做的，则it应指作者这名学生做的灯笼。故选B。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文，第一段引出了作者向邻居竹织工张师傅学习传统编织工艺的背景；第二至第五段讲述了张师傅教作者如何编织及最终编织出了成品；第六段作者总结了通过这次经历并更加注重传统工艺在生活中的运用，则全文的结构应为“①-②③④⑤-⑥”。故选D。 4．最佳标题类。通读全文，本文主要介绍了作者因参加学校“文化卫士”的项目向邻居竹织工张师傅学习传统编织工艺的故事，从此以后作者也更加注重传统工艺在生活中的运用，选项C“如何通过双手传承传统”符合。故选C。 （七） （2025·江苏扬州·二模）Children are born with endless curiosity. They explore the world fearlessly, asking questions like “Why is the sky blue?” or “How do birds fly?” But as they grow older, many lose this natural wonder. George Land, George Land, a researcher from NASA, tested 1,600 children at ages 5,10, and 15. At age 5,98% showed high creativity and curiosity. By age 10, only 30% scored well, and by 15, just 12% remained curious. ① Why does this happen? Land believes that as people learn more, they start to feel they “know enough” and stop asking questions and acting curious. Research shows that allowing our curiosity to be piqued can be very good for our mind. For example, when you face a challenging problem without a clear answer, your brain works harder and becomes more creative. With curiosity, the mind gains a fresh perspective (角度). In education, curiosity serves as a stepping stone to success. Studies show curious people are 30%more likely to remember facts. ② A study from Duke University shows that curious people are more patient and willing to find the ways to solve the problem, while less curious people always rush through tasks, missing chances for deeper learning. ③ Curiosity also helps people work together. Curious people listen to different opinions, leading to better teamwork and fewer mistakes. Imagine a group project: curious students ask questions, share ideas, and solve problems creatively. Ready to develop your curiosity? In fact, low levels of curiosity don’t mean your curiosity is just gone and you can train your curiosity. ④ To keep curiosity alive, try these tips: ask “why” daily, explore hobbies like painting or robotics, and view mistakes as learning chances. Even famous scientists like Marie Curie and Albert Einstein valued curiosity. Curie once said, “Be less curious about people and more curious about ideas.” 1．The sentence “Curiosity also builds patience.” can be put in ________. A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 2．The word “piqued” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A．tested B．received C．explained D．raised 3．What can we know about curiosity from the passage? A．As children grow older, they will be more curious. B．With knowledge increasing, kids will be more curious. C．Curiosity allows different opinions within a group. D．Curiosity can be improved by remembering knowledge. 4．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to keep their curiosity. B．To prove the possibility of training curiosity. C．To show how curiosity leads to scientists’ success. D．To explore different reasons for developing curiosity. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了好奇心的好处以及如何培养好奇心。 1．推理判断题。根据“A study from Duke University shows that curious people are more patient and willing to find the ways to solve the problem, while less curious people always rush through tasks, missing chances for deeper learning.”可知，好奇心强的人更耐心，而该句作为论点引出后文的研究结果，逻辑连贯，因此这句话应该放在②处。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Research shows that allowing our curiosity to be piqued can be very good for our mind.”可知，激发我们的好奇心对我们的大脑非常有益。piqued此处意为“刺激，激发”，与raised意思相近。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“Curiosity also helps people work together. Curious people listen to different opinions, leading to better teamwork and fewer mistakes.”可知，好奇心也有助于人们一起工作，好奇的人会听取不同的意见，从而提高团队合作，减少错误。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了好奇心的好处以及如何培养好奇心，因此作者写这篇文章的主要目的是鼓励人们保持好奇心。故选A。 （八） （2025·江苏·二模）Dear Annie X, I understand exactly how you feel—I left school at 16 to work in a supermarket. My parents thought it was a bad idea. They told me I should stay at school and get good education. The first year, it was great. I had more money than my friends and could spend more time in hobbies. Two years later, they all finished school and went to university, while I was still stuck at home living with my parents. ▲ Then one day I realized that it wasn’t too late. I entered a night school and three years later I proudly took myself off to university. There are two reasons why I am telling you this story. Firstly, you need to realize that it’s never too late to change your mind. The choices that you make now don’t have to be for the rest of your life. In many ways, going to university when I was 22 was the best thing I ever did. I had more experience of life and I worked harder because I was older. I certainly knew that I didn’t want to spend the rest of my life working in a supermarket. The second reason is that I want you to know your parents aren’t the fools you might think they are. My dad wasn’t as forceful (强势的) as yours, but I listened to what he said, even if I didn’t take his advice. Remember, parents always want what’s best for their children, even if it doesn’t always seem that way. Try to make friends with your dad again. Talk things over with him. Let him know you’re willing to listen, but the final decision is yours. If he sees you’re serious, he’ll support you. And remember, you can always change your mind later. Yours sincerely, Duncan Blair 1．The main purpose of the letter is ________. A．to express thanks B．to ask for help C．to make an invitation D．to give some suggestions 2．Which sentence can be put in ▲ in Paragraph 1? A．I believed I would live a better life. B．I was proud they had realized their dreams. C．I wished I could do the same as my friends. D．I was glad I had got a job in the supermarket. 3．What can we infer according to the letter? A．Duncan isn’t happy with his change. B．Annie has problems making decisions. C．Annie gets along with her study. D．Duncan’s parents are very forceful. 4．In the letter, Duncan takes his own example to tell Annie that ________. A．it’s never too late to make a change B．it’s not necessary to listen to parents C．it’s a good decision to work at young D．it’s the best choice to go to university 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一封书信，作者Duncan Blair通过分享自己辍学工作后又重返校园的经历，向收信人Annie X提出建议，强调改变决定永远不会太晚，并建议她与父母沟通。 1．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者通过自身经历向Annie提出建议，包括“改变决定永远不会太晚”和“与父母沟通”等。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据上文“Two years later, they all finished school and went to university, while I was still stuck at home living with my parents”以及下文“Then one day I realized that it wasn’t too late. I entered a night school and three years later I proudly took myself off to university.”可知，作者提到朋友完成学业上大学时，自己仍在家与父母同住，随后意识到改变为时不晚，可推知，空缺处应表达对朋友经历的羡慕或后悔，C项“我希望我能和朋友一样。”符合语境。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“your parents aren’t the fools you might think they are. My dad wasn’t as forceful (强势的) as yours”以及“Try to make friends with your dad again.”可推知，Annie与父母存在分歧，且可能难以做决定。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Then one day I realized that it wasn’t too late.”以及“Firstly, you need to realize that it’s never too late to change your mind.”并通读全文可知，作者通过自身经历强调核心观点是改变决定永远不会太晚。故选A。 （九） （2025·江苏扬州·二模） Yangzhou Jade Carving, a shining gem among Chinese traditional handicrafts, has a history stretching back over 2,500 years. Legend has it that during the Spring and Autumn Period, local craftsmen began to carve jade into simple decorations, marking the birth of this art form. Located in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, the city’s rich cultural heritage and access to high-quality jade materials contributed to the growth of this unique craft.​ The process begins with carefully selecting the right jade, considering its color, texture, and shape. After that, carvers spend days or even weeks planning the design, sketching patterns on the jade surface. Then comes the most challenging part — carving. They carve detailed patterns, such as blooming flowers, flying birds, scenes from classic Chinese novels, and ancient historical stories. Every line and curve is carved with great care to show the harmony between nature and people.​ Throughout history, Yangzhou Jade Carving has developed different styles in various periods. In the Tang Dynasty, influenced by foreign cultures, the carvings became more various in themes. During the Qing Dynasty, it reached its peak, with large-scale jade sculptures for the royal family. These artworks not only reflect the high-level carving skills but also record the social and cultural features of different times.​ Today, Yangzhou Jade Carving faces new challenges. The complex and time-consuming process discourages many young people from learning this traditional skill. They offer jade-carving courses, invite master carvers to teach students, and even organize international exhibitions to promote this art. They believe that by combining traditional techniques with modern designs, they can attract more people’s attention and keep this amazing art alive for future generations.​ If you visit Yangzhou, don’t miss the chance to see these wonderful jade artworks at the local museums or workshops. Each piece tells a story, and they will surely give you a deeper understanding of Chinese culture and the beauty of traditional craftsmanship. 1．What is the second step in creating a Yangzhou jade artwork?​ A．Selecting the jade material​. B．Using special tools to carve​. C．Planning the design on the jade​. D．Polishing the finished work​. 2．In the Tang Dynasty, what made the themes of Jade Carving more various? A．The change of carving tools. B．The influence of foreign cultures. C．The demand from the royal family. D．The improvement of jade materials. 3．Which sentence should go in the empty box in Paragraph 4? A．However, modern technology has made jade carving much easier than before. B．Moreover, few young people show interest in such an ancient craft nowadays. C．Moreover, master carvers often complain about the lack of government support. D．However, local schools and workshops are taking active steps now. 4．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A．Yangzhou Jade Carving will disappear soon due to the lack of young learners. B．The themes of Tang Dynasty jade carvings were limited to local folk stories. C．The combination of tradition and modernity is seen as a key to keeping the craft. D．Royal families in the Qing Dynasty stopped the public from viewing jade artworks. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了扬州玉雕的历史、制作过程、不同时期的发展风格以及现代面临的挑战和应对措施。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“After that, carvers spend days or even weeks planning the design, sketching patterns on the jade surface.”可知，制作扬州玉雕的第二步是在玉石表面规划设计并绘制图案。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In the Tang Dynasty, influenced by foreign cultures, the carvings became more various in themes.”可知，唐代玉雕主题的多样化是受到外来文化的影响。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“They offer jade-carving courses, invite master carvers to teach students, and even organize international exhibitions to promote this art.”可知，当地学校和工作室正在采取积极措施来推广玉雕艺术。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“They believe that by combining traditional techniques with modern designs, they can attract more people’s attention and keep this amazing art alive for future generations.”可知，传统与现代的结合被认为是保持这门艺术的关键。故选C。 （十） （2024·江苏徐州·二模） The bed was about 45 years old when Mom passed it to me several months after my father died. I decided to repaint it for my daughter Melanie. The headboard was full of scratches. Just before I started, I noticed one of the scratches was a date: September 18, 1946, the day my parents were married! Right above that was another name and date “Elizabeth, October 22, 1947.” “Who is Elizabeth,” I asked my mother on the phone, “what does October 22, 1947 mean?” “She’s your sister,” she answered. I knew Mom had lost a baby, “You gave her a name?” I asked. “Yes. She’s as much a part of me as any of you.” “Mom, may I come over and talk about the dates on the headboard?” I realized it was full of stories. Over lunch, Mom told me about January 14, 1951, the day when she lost her purse. Three days later, it arrived in a mail. A letter from a woman named Amy said, “I took $5 from your wallet to mail it to you. I hope you’ll understand.” There was nothing missing except that $5. Then there was George. On December 15, 1967, George shot a snake which wanted to hit my brother. “Who is Ralph?” I asked. “On February 18, 1968, Ralph saved your brother’s life in a war.” And my nephew’s (外甥的) name was Ralph. Now I knew why. “Your Dad and I carved (雕刻) our first date on the headboard the night we married. From then on, it was a diary of our life. When Dad died, our life was over. But the memories never die.” When I told my husband about the headboard, he said, “_____▲_______”. We moved the bed with the storybook headboard into our room. We’ve already carved in two dates and names: Barbara and Jackson. Someday, we’ll tell Melanie the stories from her grandparents’ and parents’ lives. And Someday the bed will be passed on to her. 1．What does the underlined word “scratches” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．裂缝 B．划痕 C．贴纸 D．标签 2．How many stories on the headboard are mentioned in the passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 3．Which sentence is the most suitable for ▲ ? A．There’s space for a lot more stories. B．We should give it back to your Mom. C．Let’s paint it your favourite colour. D．Melanie must be interested in the stories. 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Special Dates in My Family B．My DIY Job C．Stories on a Headboard D．An Old Bed for My Daughter 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文讲述了作者的妈妈把她的一张已经用了45年的老床给了她，作者发现床头板上有很多划痕，其中有很多的日期和名字，原来每一个划痕的背后都有一个故事。 1．词句猜测题。根据“I decided to repaint it for my daughter Melanie. The headboard was full of scratches.”和“Just before I started, I noticed one of the scratches was a date: September 18, 1946, the day my parents were married!”可知，scratches应是“划痕”的意思。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据短文中“I noticed one of the scratches was a date: September 18, 1946, the day my parents were married!”、“Right above that was another name and date ‘Elizabeth, October 22, 1947.’”、“January 14, 1951, the day when she lost her purse.”、“Then there was George. On December 15, 1967, George shot a snake which wanted to hit my brother.”、“‘On February 18, 1968, Ralph saved your brother’s life in a war.’”可知，这些划痕背后的故事有：父母结婚、作者的姐姐Elizabeth、作者的妈妈丢失了钱包、George的故事、和救了作者哥哥命的Ralph。一共五个故事。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“We moved the bed with the storybook headboard into our room. We’ve already carved in two dates and names: Barbara and Jackson.”可知，此处说的是作者和丈夫在床头板上写下了他们的故事，选项A“还有空间写更多的故事”符合语境。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。根据通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了床头板划痕背后的故事。故选C。 （十一） （2025·江苏扬州·二模） Chinese Kung Fu: A Treasure of Traditional Culture Chinese Kung Fu, also known as Chinese martial arts, has a long and rich history that dates back thousands of years. It is not just a form of physical fight but also a unique part of Chinese traditional culture which represents the wisdom of Chinese ancestors (祖先), reflecting their understanding of harmony between body and mind. Kung Fu includes various styles, such as Shaolin Kung Fu, Tai Chi, and so on. Each style has its own characteristics, movements, and philosophies (哲学，思想). For example, Tai Chi is famous for its slow, smooth, and continuous movements, which focus on harmony and internal strength. It is often practiced by people of all ages to improve health, reduce stress, and enhance balance. Shaolin Kung Fu, on the other hand, is known for its powerful and dynamic (动态的) moves, emphasizing strength, speed, and flexibility. In addition to its physical aspects, Kung Fu also carries important values in Chinese culture, like respect, perseverance, and self-discipline. Kung Fu practitioners (从业人员) are taught to respect their teachers, fellow students, and opponents. They need to persevere through long-term and tough training to master the skills. Self-discipline helps them control their behavior and emotions both in and out of the training hall. ▲ . Films like Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and Kung Fu Panda have attracted a large number of fans around the world. Kung Fu schools and clubs can be found in many countries, where students learn not just kicks and punches but also the philosophy of “using force to resolve conflict without violence.” As a bridge between China and the world, Kung Fu continues to spread the essence of traditional Chinese culture, proving that its charm is timeless and worldwide. 1．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To compare different Kung Fu styles. B．To explain the advantages of Chinese Kung Fu. C．To introduce Chinese Kung Fu as a cultural heritage. D．To discuss the role of Kung Fu in modern movies. 2．How does the author organize the second paragraph? A．By giving definitions (定义). B．By comparing two Kung Fu styles. C．By describing a personal experience. D．By explaining causes and effects. 3．What is NOT true about Chinese Kung Fu according to the passage? A．It has a history of thousands of years. B．Tai Chi focuses on strength, speed and powerful movements. C．It contains important values like respect and perseverance. D．It is popular in many countries around the world. 4．Which of the following can be put into ▲ in the last paragraph? A．Now Chinese Kung Fu plays an important role in the film industry. B．It is necessary for people to learn about Chinese Kung Fu. C．Chinese Kung Fu is changing quickly nowadays. D．Chinese Kung Fu has become world-famous now. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国功夫作为传统文化瑰宝的相关信息，包括其历史、风格、文化价值以及在全球的传播和影响。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Chinese Kung Fu, also known as Chinese martial arts, has a long and rich history that dates back thousands of years. It is not just a form of physical fight but also a unique part of Chinese traditional culture...”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了中国功夫作为文化遗产的相关信息，包括其历史、风格、文化价值等。因此，文章的主要目的是介绍中国功夫作为文化遗产。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Kung Fu includes various styles, such as Shaolin Kung Fu, Tai Chi, and so on. Each style has its own characteristics, movements, and philosophies. For example, Tai Chi is famous for its slow, smooth, and continuous movements...Shaolin Kung Fu, on the other hand, is known for its powerful and dynamic moves...”可知，作者在第二段中通过比较两种功夫风格（太极和少林功夫）来组织内容，介绍了它们各自的特点和动作。因此，作者是通过比较两种功夫风格来组织第二段的。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Tai Chi is famous for its slow, smooth, and continuous movements, which focus on harmony and internal strength.”可知，太极以其缓慢、流畅和连续的动作而闻名，注重和谐和内在力量，而不是力量、速度和有力的动作。因此，选项B“太极注重力量、速度和有力的动作”是不正确的。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Films like Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and Kung Fu Panda have attracted a large number of fans around the world. Kung Fu schools and clubs can be found in many countries...As a bridge between China and the world, Kung Fu continues to spread the essence of traditional Chinese culture...”可知，中国功夫在全球范围内受到了广泛的关注和喜爱，成为了中国与世界之间的桥梁，继续传播着中国传统文化的精髓。因此，选项D“中国功夫现在已经闻名世界了”符合语境，可以填入空白处。故选D。 （十二） （2024·江苏徐州·二模）Have you ever watched a silent film and tried to guess what the characters were saying? Body language, like facial expressions, is the mirror of a person’s feelings: It helps us communicate without saying much at all. Sometimes we can share the common sense from culture to culture. Turning red—faced shows one’s anger, shock, or excitement. The wide eyes with a half —opened mouth mean surprise. Also, some other body movements can express the same meanings in different cultures. For example, being back in one’s seat and yawning at a talk show people are not interested, and looking at the watch from time to time in a conversation means people have something to do in a hurry. However, not all body languages can show the same meanings in different cultures. What holds true for Indians may not be the same in Africa. First of all, in some cultures, people respect and encourage the direct eye contact. In English, there is a saying, “Don’t trust anyone who won’t look at you in the eye.” In many countries, direct eye contact between two people is considered important. According to most Western cultures, if a person looks directly at you, it is a sign that the person is honest and sincere and even can be trusted. While many cultures believe that direct eye contact from a child to an adult is an act of disrespect. The OK sign, which is commonly used in many cultures, also has different meanings across the cultures. It ·means agreement in North American culture. But to French, it means “zero” or “valueless”, not “fine” or “OK”. Touching is another example. At times, saying hello could turn into a disaster if one does not consider the use of touch in another culture. A general and accepted way of saying “Hello” in Western culture is a simple handshake. A great deal of importance has been placed on how one should shake hands. So, the next time you decide to. travel to another country, besides looking up places to visit, a quick search or a book can also guide you on how to use proper body languages to better communicate with the local people, and avoid being impolite to them during your stay! 1．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．A silent film. B．The mirror. C．Body language. D．A person’s feeling. 2．According to the passage, which one has the similar meaning from culture to culture? A．Turning red-faced. B．Direct eye contact. C．The OK sign. D．A simple handshake. 3．Which picture shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Body language is more important. B．Body language helps you go travelling. C．Body language changes among cultures. D．Body language influences communication. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了肢体语言对交流的影响。 1．代词指代题。根据“Body language, like facial expressions, is the mirror of a person’s feelings: It helps us communicate without saying much at all.”可知，肢体语言，就像面部表情一样，是一个人感情的镜子：它帮助我们不用说太多就能沟通。可见此处的“It”指代的应是肢体语言。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Sometimes we can share the common sense from culture to culture. Turning red—faced shows one’s anger, shock, or excitement”可知，有时我们在文化与文化之间可以分享相同的感觉。脸红表示一个人的愤怒、震惊或兴奋。可见脸红在不同的文化中有着相同的含义。故选A。 3． 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段讲述了肢体语言的功能；第二介绍了一些肢体动作在不同的文化中也可以表达相同的含义；三、四段讲述了不同肢体语言在各个国家的具体应用；最后一段教会我们出国旅游前多学习有关肢体语言方面的知识。结合选项，选项A结构符合，故选A。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了肢体语言对交流的影响。故选D。 （十三） （2025·江苏徐州·一模）Miss Martha Meacham kept the little bakery on the corner. At forty, she had two false teeth and a sympathetic heart. She has two thousand dollars in the bank. Many people, who were not as good as Miss Martha, had married. A customer came in two or three times a week, and soon Miss Martha began to take an interest in him. He was a quiet, middle-aged man, wearing glasses and a brown beard. ① His clothes were always old and patched (缝补的). But he looked tidy and had very good manners. He always bought two loaves of stale (不新鲜的) bread. Fresh bread was five cents a loaf, while stale loaves were two for five. ② Once, while serving him, Miss Martha saw a red and brown mark on the customer’s fingers. ③ She was sure then that he was an artist and very poor. No doubt he lived in an attic (阁楼), where he painted pictures, ate stale bread and thought of the good things to eat in Miss Martha’s bakery. ④ Miss Martha’s heart was a sympathetic one. To check if she was right about his job, she took a painting from her room and put it behind the bread counter (柜台). No artist could fail to notice it. Two days later, the customer came in. “Two loaves of stale bread, if you please.” “You have here a fine picture, madam,” he said while she was packing the bread. “Yes?” said Miss Martha, pleased with her cleverness. “Do you think it is a good picture?” “The palace,” said the customer, “is not in good drawing. The perspective (透视画法) of it is not true. Goodbye, madam.” He took his bread, bowed and hurried out. Yes, he must be an artist. How gently and kindly his eyes shone behind his glasses! To be able to judge perspective at a quick look—and to live on stale bread! But talented people often have to go through difficulties before they succeed. What a thing it would be for art and perspective if genius were supported by two thousand dollars in the bank, a bakery and a sympathetic heart—But these were daydreams. Now, when he came, he would often chat for a while with Miss Martha. He kept on buying stale bread, never a cake, never a pie. She thought he began to look thinner and lost heart. She wanted to offer something good to him, but she was afraid of hurting him. She knew the pride of artists. (To be continued) 1．We can put the sentence “Never did he call for anything but stale bread.” in ________. A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 2．Why did Miss Martha put the painting behind the bread counter? A．To sell the painting to help the poor artist. B．To test whether the customer was an artist. C．To show her personal art collection and taste. D．To decorate the shop and attract more customers. 3．Miss Martha had a “sympathetic” heart means she was kind to someone ________. A．who had a problem B．who made mistakes C．who achieved success D．who laughed at others 4．What might happen later according to the last sentence of the story? A．Miss Martha would offer the man stale bread for free. B．Miss Martha would lend some of her money to the man. C．Miss Martha would secretly add something to the stale bread. D．Miss Martha would give him fresh bread instead of stale one. 5．How does the writer mainly develop the story? A．By describing the setting in great detail. B．By showing scenes between two locations. C．By using long dialogues between characters. D．By exploring Miss Martha’s thoughts and feelings. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了在一家街角小店的老板Miss Martha Meacham，她一直认为有一位顾客是艺术家，所以想尽办法去帮助他。 1．推理判断题。“Never did he call for anything but stale bread.”表示“除了不新鲜的面包，他什么也不要”，需插入描述顾客购买习惯的段落。原文第二段末尾提到顾客总买两条不新鲜面包，且②处后文进一步说明价格差异，插入此处可强调他仅买廉价面包的习惯。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“To check if she was right about his job, she took a painting from her room and put it behind the bread counter (柜台).”可知，Martha挂画的目的是“验证她对他职业的猜测是否属实”，故选B。 3．词句猜测题。“sympathetic”指Martha对处于困境者的同情。文中她因顾客的贫穷和才华产生怜悯，选项A“对有困难的人善良”最贴切。故选A。 4．推理判断题。结尾提到Martha想帮助他但怕伤害其自尊，结合“艺术家的骄傲”，暗示她可能通过隐蔽方式提供帮助，选项C“玛莎小姐会偷偷地往不新鲜的面包里加些东西”符合，故选C。 5．细节理解题。故事通过大量内心描写（如Martha对顾客身份的猜测、同情和幻想）推动情节，选项D“通过Martha的想法和感受展开”符合。故选D。 （十四） （2025·江苏连云港·二模）Laughter is a common “language” for humans. It helps us get along with others and build strong relationships. When we were babies, we giggled (咯咯笑) at our parents’ funny faces. As we grow older, we learn to make others laugh too. But here comes an interesting question: Is laughter only a human thing? Scientists have been watching animals closely, and they found some amazing things. Have you ever seen a dog let you get close to its toy and then quickly run away playfully? Charles Darwin, a famous biology scientist, thought this was like a little joke dogs play. Marc Bekoff, a biology professor watched dogs playfully tease (捉弄) each other. They would walk slowly towards each other and then suddenly run away. He believed that dogs do this for fun and that animals might do it to deal with stress. In 2024 study, Isabelle Laumer and her team studied four kinds of apes. They saw 18 different ways that apes teased each other. Young apes would quietly walk up behind an adult, give them a light push to surprise them, and then wait to see how the adult would react. This is just like what human children do when they play tricks. So, people may have started to be able to tell jokes and understand funny things a long time ago in human history. What about laughing? While playing, dogs sometimes make a breathy sound that is like laughter. Dolphins make happy noises when they are play-fighting. Rats make a joyful squeak (吱吱声) similar to a giggle when people tickle them, says Jeffrey Burgdorf, professor at Northwestern University. But, is a rat’s giggle really a sign that it has a sense of humor? Are the apes just playing around for fun or do they just want to get attention? Why do animals tease and play tricks on each other? “In humans, humour can serve as an ice-breaker, helping us make friends and get closer to others,” says Laumor. “We don’t know if it’s the same in apes or other animals, but it’s possible.” 1．Who believes that animals tease each other to deal with stress? A．Charles Darwin. B．Marc Bekoff. C．Isabelle Laumer. D．Jeffrey Burgdorf. 2．What do animals and humans have in common according to the passage? A．They both laugh mainly when they feel stressed. B．They both make the same sounds when laughing. C．They always play tricks in exactly the same way. D．They can both use playful behavior to communicate. 3．What can we infer from the passage about animals’ laughing? A．It is a sign that they want to get human’s attention. B．Animals’ laughter plays the same role as humans’ laughter. C．Animals make laughing sounds just to copy human behavior. D．Different kinds of animals have their own ways to show “laughter”. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A．B．C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述科学家通过观察发现动物存在类似人类幽默和发笑的行为，探讨动物是否具有幽默感这一有趣话题。 1．细节理解题。根据“Marc Bekoff, a biology...to deal with stress.”可知，此处提及Marc Bekoff认为动物互相逗弄是为了应对压力。故选B。 2．细节理解题。通读全文可知，文中提到狗会逗弄、玩耍，发出类似笑声的声音，猿类会像人类小孩一样搞恶作剧，以及不同动物都有类似有趣的行为等内容，可知动物和人类都能用好玩的行为进行交流 。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“While playing, dogs...when people tickle them,”可知，不同动物有自己表现“笑”的方式。故选D。 4．篇章结构题。根据第一段“But here comes...only a human thing?”可知，文章开篇引出“动物是否有幽默感”这一问题，然后二、三、四段分别从不同动物的有趣行为进行阐述，第五段最后提出关于动物幽默行为的疑问并进行总结性思考，整体呈现总分总结构。故选C。 （十五） （2025·辽宁·模拟预测）What might the future be like? Here are some predictions (预测): things to come, things to go. The Spring Festival, the most important Chinese holiday when everyone returns home, has caused headaches for millions of Chinese. More than 2 billion people travel at the same time, making travel tickets and the journey difficult. But in 28 years, the Spring Festival travel may not be a problem at all. China plans to build more than 120,000 kilometers of railway that will serve 90 % of the population. And because most of China will be cities, people will not have to go to other places to find a job, so it will no longer be a problem. Newspapers will come to an end in 2043. In the future, digital newspapers will be sent to personal web tools through the Internet.Information will move faster. Oil is running out faster than expected. But scientists have found something else as fuel. Coal, natural gas, solar power, nuclear power and even water can take the place of oil as sources (源泉) of energy. Schools will go electronic. Computers will be important and popular among students. Students will not need to bring books to school. Students can use computers as their library, schoolbag and connection to the outside world. There will be robot teachers. They will check homework on computers and communicate with the students’ parents through e-mail. And school buses will be like spaceships, comfortable and safe. 1．What will help solve the problems for the Spring Festival? A．More railways will be built. B．Fewer people will return home. C．Many travel tickets can be sold. D．People will live in the countryside. 2．What will the school be like in the future? A．Computers can do everything for students. B．Students can take safe spaceships to school. C．Students needn’t take heavy books to school. D．Robot teachers will teach students in the class. 3．How is the text organized?(①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2,…) A． B． C． D． 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Great robot teachers B．Better future is calling C．Cheap oil, better life D．China leads the world 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是对未来生活各方面的预测。 1．细节理解题。根据“China plans to build more than 120,000 kilometers of railway that will serve 90% of the population.”可知，未来将修建更多的铁路来解决春运难的问题，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Students will not need to bring books to school. Students can use computers as their library, schoolbag and connection to the outside world.”可知，未来上学时不再需要带沉重的书，电脑可以替代书包和书籍，故选C。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文，文章第一段提出未来预测的总体话题，后面四段分别从不同方面（春节出行、报纸、能源、学校）进行阐述，因此文章是总分结构，故选C。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章围绕对未来生活各方面的预测展开，最恰当的标题是“更美好的未来在召唤”，故选B。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题20 阅读理解--行文方式、逻辑关系精讲 题型1篇章结构 该题型主要考查学生辨别语篇中的衔接手段，判断语篇中句子之间、段落之间的逻辑关系的能力。近几年，考查频次明显增加。 常见设题方式 ·How is the passage organized? ·Which best shows the structure of this passage? 常见文章结构 1.总分总：首段提出主题，中间分论点支撑，末段总结升华。 解题关键：重点抓首段主旨句和尾段结论句，中间段落通常为并列分论点。 2.总分或分总： 总分——首段概括整体，后续段落分项说明。 分总——先分述细节，尾段归纳主题。 3.并列式：段落间平行展开，无主次关系，每段独立说明不同方面（常见于说明文，用以列举不同观点或事例）。 4.对照式：段落间呈对比关系（如正反论证：优点vs缺点）。 解题步骤 Step 1 速读首尾段，快速判定文体，预判结构特征 多数文章首段通常揭示核心话题，尾段总结作者态度或建议，由此判断是“总分总”结构。 结合文体进行判断：记叙文——按时间线排序；说明文——常为“总分”结构；议论文——常为“分总”结构。 Step 2 分析各段落之间的逻辑关系 时间线索：记叙文通常按事件发展顺序推进，关注表示时间发展顺序的词（first、later、finally）。 因果链：说明文或议论文中，寻找因果词（because、therefore）串联段落。 对比标志：注意转折词汇（however、on the contrary），提示对照结构。 举例段落：示例通常支持前文论点（for example、such as）。 数据段落：提供支撑论点的数据（percent、double、statistics）。 Step 3 匹配选项与结构特征 [2024徐州D篇] 体裁：说明文 主题：人与社会——头发的多种用途 难度：8 min After the haircut It's getting hot. You go to have your hair cut. The barber Tony cuts off part of your hair and sweeps it away, but your hair's journey is not over after the haircut. Have you ever thought of planting your old hair after it's cut off? Some farmers do! What comes up? Not wigs（假发）, but bigger and tastier crops. Hair is full of nitrogen（氮） that helps plants to grow. When cut hair is mixed into soil, the hair breaks down, slowly letting out nitrogen so it can help flowers and vegetables got big a little faster. If you've got a wool sweater on, you're wearing a sheep's haircut. Sheep grow fine curly（弯曲的） fur called wool. All those curls make air pockets that trap heat, keeping the sheep warm. Farmers shear the sheep in summer, so the sheep don't feel too hot. And we use the hair to make warm clothes, socks, and hats. Wool can even take in rain without feeling wet. Wool also doesn't catch fire easily. What does your hair say about you? Even many years after it has been cut, hair can tell surprising secrets. Because hair is made from bits of old cells, it has trace（微量） of chemicals（化学物质） that were in the body when the hair grew. When people are kept in the situation of dangerous chemicals, these traces remain in the hair, even long after they have disappeared from the body itself. Testing hair can help doctors know if there are dangerous chemicals in the food and water. Hair can tell another important secret—whose hair is it? This can be used to help solve crimes. Hair does so many things for us. It keeps us warm and cool, helps farmers, shows mysteries, and provides endless styling fun. One thing is for sure: it's not just for wigs any more. 篇章结构题 How is the passage organized?（P: Paragraph）（ ） A． B． C． D． 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 速读首尾段，快速判定文体，预判结构特征 仔细阅读第一段：连词but后面的内容是作者想要表达的观点。由此判断本文第一段以理发场景切入，提出“头发被剪后旅程未结束”的核心观点。 再读最后一段：根据第一句和第三句可知，文章结尾总结头发有许多用途。 结合首尾段内容可快速确定本文是一篇说明文，基本可锁定“总—分—总”结构。 Step 2分析各段落之间的逻辑关系 快读第2~4段，很快发现： 第二段中心句在段尾，根据“it can help flowers and vegetables got big a little faster”可知，本段讲述了头发分解释放的氮元素可促进植物生长，即头发在农业中的应用价值。 第三段描述了羊毛的物理特性和羊毛制品的优势，即羊毛在纺织业中的应用价值。 第四段围绕“Testing hair can help doctors”和“This can be used to help solve crimes.”讲述了头发在医疗和刑侦方面的应用。 由此可知，中间的三个段落之间是并列关系，分别阐述了毛发的不同用途。 Step 3匹配选项与结构特征 综上可知，全文先总述，后分述，最后总结，呼应文章标题的脉络走向；属于“总—分—总”结构，故答案为A项。 题型2 写作手法 考查要点 1.文章开篇方式：识别作者引入主题的手法（如提问、举例、对比等） 2.段落功能分析：理解某段在全文中的作用（如点题、设置悬念、引出下文等） 3.逻辑关系判断：分析作者如何通过特定写作策略推进论述 解题步骤 Step 1 定位关键段落：聚焦关键段落开头的1~2句，常见手法：提问、举例、对比或解释原因。 Step 2 标注关键词：圈出标志性词汇（如疑问词、举例词、转折词）。 Step 3 结合文体特征排除干扰选项： 议论文常以提问或现象引入，倾向举例论证或对比论证； 说明文多用举例、列数据或下定义的手法； 记叙文可能以人物描写、场景描写或对话展开； 新闻多描述事实。 [2024南通B篇]体裁：议论文 主题：人与自我——创新思维 难度： 8 min Some people think creativity is making something completely new, so they do not think of themselves as creative ones. However, some other people think creativity can just be expressing themselves through everyday acts and they are born creative because it is not an all-or-nothing quality or skill. Whether or not we realize it, we all have the ability to express creativity. Sometimes the path to creative productivity is being willing to do something different. Are you someone who loves to read comics? Perhaps it is time you created one of your own. Don't worry if you cannot draw very well or feel that you cannot write humorous reports for characters. Nobody says this is an exam! You only have to please yourself, to gain the satisfaction that you try something new, all on your own. If you feel easy, you can of course share it with our loved ones, or post it on social media. Are you someone who likes to express yourself in writing? Try writing a blog. This is like the new version of a diary. In your blog, you can write about your thoughts, opinions and experiences. You can also write stories or plays, if you feel up to it! The blog provides you with a platform to create something new every day, in written forms. Are you someone who likes to be alone? Now, think about the things that make you happy. Find a small place in your room, or any place in your home, where you can spend time with yourself. It can be a small corner next to your bed or a wall. It can be a poster of your favourite rock star or photos of your friends. You can also pick a guitar if you like to play instruments, or a few storybooks if you love reading. Some of you may like flowers, candles or pretty things. Decorate your area with your favourite things in any way you like. That is creativity! And if you do feel bored with this, you can change, add or remove something. By realizing the chances in our daily lives to inspire our creativity, no matter how small, we may become more comfortable with taking bigger creative leaps in other aspects of our lives. 1．题型11写作手法题 How does the writer begin the article? A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples. C．By comparing opinions. D．By explaining reasons. 解题步骤（结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1定位关键段落 根据题干中的关键词可知，本题询问的是文章是如何开篇的，故直接定位到文章的第 一 段。 Step 2标注关键词 圈出首段标志性词汇（见文章中画波浪线的部分），可以发现第一段由转折性词汇“However”分为两层，分别有标志性词汇“Some people think”和“some other people think”，由此可知，文章是用两种不同的观点引入话题开篇的。 Step 3 结合文体特征排除干扰选项 选项 分析 结论 A. By asking questions. 提问应有明显的标志符号“？” 第一段无，排除 B. By giving examples. 举例应有明显的标志词“for example”“such as”等 第一段无，排除 C. By comparing opinions. 对比观点应有关键词“think”“find”等 与文章第一段中的关键句相吻合 D. By explaining reasons. 解释原因应有“because”“for”等词且有解释的内容 第一段无，排除 由此可推断，正确答案为C项。 题型3 还原信息 该题型要求学生在整体理解文章的基础上，利用上下文和逻辑推理，分析语篇结构，最终选择合适的内容还原到文章中，使文章结构完整、逻辑连贯。 考查要点 1.语篇结构分析能力：理解段落功能（主旨段、过渡段、论证段、总结段） 2.逻辑关系判断能力：识别上下文之间的因果、转折、并列、递进等逻辑关系（关键词如because、but、however、and、besides等） 3.上下文语义衔接能力：通过代词指代（如it、they、this），词汇复现（同义词、近义词重复出现），时间顺序等线索匹配信息 4.主旨概括能力:尤其是位于段首或段尾的设空，需归纳段落核心或总结上文。 解题步骤 Step 1 分析挖空位置，预判句子功能 （1）空处位于段首，空处应是主旨句、小标题、承上启下句等 （2）空处位于段中，空处应是例证、转折、因果句（如举例、解释原因）等 （3）空处位于段尾，空处应是总结句、承上启下句等 Step 2 精读上下文，锁定逻辑与词汇线索 逻辑线索：（1）因果关系：空后出现so，前句可能为原因；空后出现because，前句可能为结果。 （2）转折关系：出现but、yet、however等，其所连接的前后句可能为对立观点。 词汇线索：（1）代词指代：空后出现they、it等，则应在选项中找与之匹配的名词。 （2）同义复现：上下文出现重复意义的关键词（如原文有decrease，选项出现reduce）。 Step 3 分析选项，排除干扰项 干扰项特征：（1）信息正确但逻辑不匹配（如应填原因或结果，选项却给出转折性描述）。 （2）含原文词汇但脱离上下文（如孤立细节，无法衔接上下文）。 Step 4 通读验证，确保连贯性 将选项代入后通读，检查语义是否通顺，有无矛盾；逻辑衔接是否自然。 [2024南通C篇改编] 体裁：记叙文 主题：人与社会——社会服务与人际交往 难度： 9 min My friend Julie and I are keen on creating a beautiful green town. Gardening Course Every September, our city has a special festival. Crowds of happy people go to the park, waving ribbons in their hands. That's because the gardening competition takes place there. For Julie and me, it was a pity that we couldn't take part in the competition, for that was also the first day of our high school. We buried ourselves in choosing courses. We wanted to learn all about plants, gardening and farming. Finally, a course called Agriculture and Wildlife came into our sight. We thought it would help us succeed as gardeners. Project presentation After a year's study, Julie advised me to give a presentation. There was a small plastic model of my idea on the table. On the other side of the table, my teachers were waiting to see my project—the green farm. “Good morning!” I said, “During my studies. I've learned a lot about city farming. Now, I want to do something with what I've learned.” I showed them the model. “This is the high street of our town. This is an old, nine-floor car park. No one has used it for the last two years and it's now for sale.” I continued the presentation. They could see my designs on the big screen when I talked. “I've designed a city farm using the car park building. There will be eight floors to farm fruit and vegetables. This design can help us collect rainwater to wet the soil. And we can also use energy from the sun to power the special growing lights.” “I will hire the space out to local people and they will sell everything good enough for the environment in local shops. Also, the ninth floor will be for those who want to grow their own plants.” My audience looked interested and my project got the highest mark in my class. But in the real world, it couldn't happen because the car park was not available. ▲ Later, Julie helped me search the town for the perfect place for gardening, not in front of the Town Hall or the shopping centre. We tried to look for something different. Somewhere that was not the best neighbourhood, but a poor one. One where the road was full of holes and the pavement（人行道） was all broken. At last, we made it. In the neighbourbood, we posted letters through people's doors with gardening instructions. More and more people cared about that and began to plant vegetable gardens. Then in the same neighbourhood, we put grass over those broken old pavements for the kids to play on. Finally, we put up a sign that said, “Have fun here.” When we finished, we were both covered in soil and completely exhausted. But Julie put an arm around my shoulders and smiled. “Not bad!” she said. “We can do more to make our town greener!” 还原信息题 Which is the most suitable for ▲?（ ） A．Grass Spaces B．Farming Instructions C．Vegetable Gardens D．Gardening Experiences 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1分析挖空位置，预判句子功能 从本文的结构来看，挖空处应是小标题，要概括后面一部分内容。 Step 2精读上下文，锁定逻辑与词汇线索 仔细阅读下文可知，该部分主要描述了作者与Julie寻找适合种植花木的地点，并通过实际行动改善社区环境的过程。核心线索词汇为“gardening”和“make our town greener”，全程围绕作者亲身参与的园艺实践展开。 Step 3 分析选项，排除干扰项 选项 分析 A. Grass Spaces 仅提到“put grass over those broken old pavements”，属于局部细节，无法概括整个部分，故排除 B. Farming Instructions 虽然提及“posted letters...with gardening instructions”，但这仅是整个园艺实践的环节之一，不具有概括性，故排除 C. Vegetable Gardens 文中提到居民种植菜园，但这是项目结果而非该部分主题，故排除 D. Gardening Experiences 完整涵盖选址、行动、成果和情感体验，与整部分内容高度契合 Step 4 通读验证，确保连贯性 将D项代入通读，逻辑衔接自然，所以正确答案为D项。 综合训练 （一） （2025·江苏南通·二模）Climate change has brought a serious warning of not having enough water and animal disappearing if we don’t care about Mother Nature. Indeed, many efforts have been made by different organizations, encouraging us to save the earth. These have certainly raised awareness of the environmental problems, and laws have been made by governments to reduce pollution. However, I don’t think people are doing enough to protect the environment. Every year about 9 million people die from pollution—related causes and that is 3 times more than deaths because of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. This number shows that many people pay little attention to the environment — in their daily lives. And there’re not enough actions to prevent the biodiversity (生物多样性) loss, climate change and pollution. What we need to do, is to first relook the way we live. For the past 2 years, I have been trying to protect the environment. Firstly, I am more careful with the use of electricity. I used to turn on all the lights when entering a room. Now I make it a point to open the curtains and let natural light in. If it gets dark, I turn on only one light and make sure to turn it off when leaving the room. This has worked wonders and my parents are pleased too, as it has cut our electricity bill by 50 percent. ① Besides energy protection, I’ve formed the habit of bringing my own reusable bags wherever I go. This greatly reduces my need of plastic bags! Whenever I go shopping, I use my own reusable bags instead of plastic bags offered. It takes time and effort to wash up, but when I count the number of plastic bags that I would save with this small behavior, it’s well worth those extra minutes of my time. ② Finally, being a carnivore (食肉动物), I can never completely give up meat. Yet, after reading an article showing how a vegan (素食主义者) diet could cut global greenhouse emissions by about 70 percent, I decided to do something—be vegetarian once a week. ③ At a UN meeting in December 2018, where over 200 countries met to find 9 practical ways to reduce carbon, the most important reminder was that we are the last generation that can stop climate change. ④ 1．What does the underlined word “These” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．The importance of saying no to pollution. B．The awareness of protecting the environment. C．The efforts organizations have made to save the earth. D．The laws governments have made to reduce pollution. 2．What are Paragraph 3, Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．How the writer is careful with energy. B．How the writer protects the environment. C．What the writer does to save electricity. D．What the writer gets from his experience. 3．According to this passage, which of the following is true? A．Now all people around the world have done a lot to save the energy. B．In 2018 more than 200 countries met to find ways to reduce pollution. C．Every year AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria cause more deaths than pollution. D．For many years the writer has been caring about the environment in his daily life. 4．In which place of this passage can the sentence “If that is true, I hope to be able to say that I have done my part to protect the one place we all call home.” be put into? A．① B．② C．③ D．④ （二） （2025·江苏南通·二模） Technology has done our world wonders: from development in medicine to our daily lives. It has undoubtedly changed the way our society works, and how we communicate with one another and ourselves. However, by welcoming technology as part of life, are we losing our ability to create? Technology provides a new chance for creativity to exist (存在). Through technology, ideas can be set free and come to life. We have the necessary tools for greater possibilities and new solutions. For example, businesses now have the chance to improve themselves more creatively through websites, film advertisements, social media or radio. However, when we look more closely, it’s easy to notice some disadvantages. For example, many of us depend so much on automated calculations (计算器) rather than taking the time to work it out for ourselves. Another situation is that a lot of people are spending too much time on screens. As a result, they are reducing the chances to come up with their own creations. Is there a way to find a balance between technology and human creativity? I think so. It is simply a matter of making sure that creativity is not deterred by technology. The first way is to reduce our use of electronic products by setting limits on when, where, and how long we use them, turning off the notice on your phone. Once you become used to these, you will feel surprised how little you think about your phone. Another wonderful way is to take daily walks in nature. It can help you refresh and keep going. In the long run, a daily walk can not only influence our creativity and imagination but further our physical and mental health. We can also develop our creativity by doing yoga, keeping a diary, or reading. The actions you choose to take will help change the relationship between creativity and technology for the better. With the right balance, technology can be a good method of improving creativity. 1．Why does the writer ask the underlined question in the beginning? A．To draw the reader’s attention to the topic. B．To show the writer likes technology. C．To tell the reader the importance of technology. D．To prove creativity is more important. 2．The underlined word “deterred” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________. A．protected B．controlled C．attacked D．prevented 3．The structure of the passage may be ________. A． B． C． D． 4．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．limiting the use of our phones can help us develop creativity B．turning off the notice on the phone will make people worried C．spending time on screens is the easiest way to keep people happy D．a daily walk does more good to physical health than to mental health （三） （2024·浙江台州·一模）①That future is almost here. “I think it’s going to happen. Definitely in ten years…and hopefully much, much faster,” said Sebastian Thrun in 2021. At that time, his young company Kitty Hawk Corporation was working on developing a flying car known as eVTOL, or Electronic Vertical Take-Off and Landing vehicle（车辆）. ②Flying to work or school sounds unbelievable. Not only is it fun to fly, but “there would never be traffic again, because the sky is very, very large,” says Thrun. He also thinks eVTOLs could be greener than common cars. “We go much faster, we go in a straight line, we fly on less energy,” he says. ③So far, though, flying cars haven’t taken off as a product. Will their day come? There are still many problems to solve. Their high price means most people won’t be able to afford one. So, some companies are developing them as air taxis that people could pay to ride. The main problem with flying cars is safety. Accidents in the air are dangerous to both the passengers and anyone on the ground beneath. To make eVTOLs safer, many developers are aiming to make them self-flying—no human pilot required. ④Another problem is space. Most aircraft need long runways to take off and land. Lifting straight up and down like a helicopter solves this problem. But eVTOLs still need special spaces, called vertiports, for take-off and landing. Finding places to put these could be tricky, especially in crowded cities. But maybe some could go on top of buildings. ⑤What do you think? Would you enjoy riding to school or to visit a friend in a self-flying taxi? Are flying cars a good idea, or should we find other ways to get around in the near future? 1．What is Sebastian Thrun’s opinion about the future of flying cars? A．He thinks it will never happen. B．He thinks it will happen in the next century. C．He is not sure about the future of flying cars. D．He believes it will happen in ten years and faster. 2．Why are some companies developing flying cars as air taxis? A．To solve safety problems. B．To make them cheaper. C．To provide rides for people. D．To compete with common cars. 3．What is the possible structure of the passage? A．B． C． D． 4．What is probably the best title of the passage? A．Is a Flying Car Your Dream Car? B．Will Future Flying Cars Need Drivers? C．The Exciting World of Electric Taxis D．The History of Air Travel Technologies （四） （2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）The winners of the 2023 Hugo Awards (雨果奖) were made public on Oct. 21st, 2023. Chinese writer Hai Ya took home an award for his book “The Space-Time Painter” and he became the third Chinese writer to win a Hugo award after Liu Cixin in 2015 and Hao Jingfang in 2016. When creating the novel, Hai Ya drew his idea from a famous painting, A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains (《千里江山图》). It was painted by Wang Ximeng from the Song Dynasty (宋朝). According to Wang’s life, Hai created a painter named Zhao Ximeng who drew pictures for the emperor 1,000 years ago. After going through many hard times, Zhao’s mind leaves his body and enters a space where a modern policeman is trying to solve a crime about an ancient painting. Hai Ya’s story with science fiction (科幻小说) began in his childhood. “When I was a child, the bookstore in my hometown helped create a beautiful garden in my mind that belonged to me only. In it, science fiction offered the most beautiful ‘flowers’,” Hai Ya told Beijing Youth Daily. He added that science fiction opened a new world for him as a kid. ___★___ These two styles seem totally opposite: One looks back at the past, and the other faces the future. However, in Hai Ya’s works, they find a perfect balance (平衡). “If we can only imagine the future and things in space like rockets, our imagination will be controlled,” Hai Ya said in another interview. “I don’t think history is something completely in the past. It is moving, and we can make predictions about the future by looking back at history. History is also part of our future,” he added. 1．What’s para. 1 mainly about? A．A writer winning a Hugo award. B．The result of 2023 Hugo Awards. C．Three Chinese successful writers. D．The book “The space-time Painter”. 2．Which is true about Zhao Ximeng? A．He is from the Song Dynasty. B．He was a created character. C．He solved a crime about a painting. D．His body enters a modern space. 3．Which of the following can be put in ___★___? A．Hai Ya has his own writing style. B．Hai Ya produced many great works. C．Hai Ya’s lifestyle was changed then. D．Hai Ya mixes history with science fiction. 4．The writer writes the passage to __________. A．teach readers to write novels B．introduce a writer and his book C．make an ad for a great book D．show the value of science fiction （五） （2024·山东济宁·二模）The ocean is not a quiet place. This is partly caused by sea animals. They use sound to find what they eat, whom they play with, or which place they move towards. But the noise from human activities is increasingly troubling the lives of ocean animals. According to scientists, loud noise may increase mass strandings (大规模搁浅) of sea animals. Researchers recorded only five of these events in the first half of the 20th century. From 1950 to 2004, they recorded more than 1,200 mass strandings. These were perhaps because of the use of sonar (声呐) underwater. Another main reason of loud underwater noise is pile driving (打桩). Piles are supports for bridges, oil and gas-producing areas. They’re driven deep into the floor of the ocean. Driving a single pile can take several hours and result in as many as 5,000 hits. This process creates a lot of noise. To restrain that noise, some companies are making use of tiny bubbles (气泡). A single bubble is easily broken. However, the bubble wall can make pile driving quieter. The bubble wall is usually created in this way: A tube (管子) is placed in a ring around a pile. Air is then let out through closely spaced openings in the tube. When the bubbles rise, they act as a wall and take in some of the noise. Some more of the sound reflects back and becomes stuck inside the wall. Such bubble walls are really helpful. Other changes to pile driving can help as well. For example, people can take breaks while pile driving and let animals travel through. Our noise in the ocean is causing big problems. But small changes in our behaviors can make a big difference in animals’ lives in the world’s oceans. 1．What troubled the lives of ocean animals according to the text? A．The gas produced in the sea. B．The food polluted by humans. C．The noise from human activities. D．The bubble walls made by some companies. 2．Which word is close to the underlined word “restrain”? A．Control. B．Increase. C．Make. D．Begin. 3．What is the structure (结构) of the text? (P1＝Paragraph 1...) A． B． C． D． 4．Which can be a proper title for the text? A．Know Why Ocean Noise Form B．Learn More about Sea Animals C．Call on People to Protect Animals D．Try to Make a Difference to the Ocean （六） （2025·辽宁葫芦岛·一模）①When my school began a project called “Cultural Guardians” (文化守护者), I chose to learn from Master Zhang, a bamboo weaver (编制工) in our neighbor. Little did I know this experience would reshape my understanding of “tradition”. ②As I entered Master Zhang’s workshop, his rough hands were shaping green bamboo strips (条) into a thin tea tray (托盘). “True weaving begins here,” he pointed to his head, “and designs take shape long before hands move.” ③My first try failed completely. Bamboo strips were broken as if they were angry. “Don’t lose heart”, Master Zhang smiled, guiding my fingers to feel the soft strips. “These were boiled 7times over pinewood fire-modern machines can’t give them this temperature.” ④As we worked, he shared hidden meanings: Six-sided fish basket patterns (样式) meant good luck. Tight and loose circles showed life’s balance. My notebook was filled with drawings and wise words: “Good weaving breathes like living skin.” ⑤The magic moment came two weeks later. Sunlight shone through the lantern I have completed, forming shadows (影子) of bird on the wall. So amazing! Thanks to Zhang’s special weaving method. Elderly neighbors mistook it for Zhang’s creation until he said proudly: “The young keep traditions alive!” ⑥Today, I still spend hours on “old things”, such as bamboo pencil boxes or toys. When asked why, I show them how the bamboo stays stronger than plastic-just like true tradition can both adapt (适应) and last longer. 1．According to Master Zhang’s words, ________ is important for beginning weaving. A．your tool B．your habit C．your design D．your experience 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．The fresh bamboo B．The student’s lantern C．The special method D．The bird’s shadow 3．Which one would be the best structure (结构) of the passage? A．B． C． D． 4．What’s the best title (标题) for the text? A．How to make a bamboo toy in 7 steps. B．How to use modern weaving method. C．How to keep tradition alive through hands. D．How to turn modern into traditional. （七） （2025·江苏扬州·二模）Children are born with endless curiosity. They explore the world fearlessly, asking questions like “Why is the sky blue?” or “How do birds fly?” But as they grow older, many lose this natural wonder. George Land, George Land, a researcher from NASA, tested 1,600 children at ages 5,10, and 15. At age 5,98% showed high creativity and curiosity. By age 10, only 30% scored well, and by 15, just 12% remained curious. ① Why does this happen? Land believes that as people learn more, they start to feel they “know enough” and stop asking questions and acting curious. Research shows that allowing our curiosity to be piqued can be very good for our mind. For example, when you face a challenging problem without a clear answer, your brain works harder and becomes more creative. With curiosity, the mind gains a fresh perspective (角度). In education, curiosity serves as a stepping stone to success. Studies show curious people are 30%more likely to remember facts. ② A study from Duke University shows that curious people are more patient and willing to find the ways to solve the problem, while less curious people always rush through tasks, missing chances for deeper learning. ③ Curiosity also helps people work together. Curious people listen to different opinions, leading to better teamwork and fewer mistakes. Imagine a group project: curious students ask questions, share ideas, and solve problems creatively. Ready to develop your curiosity? In fact, low levels of curiosity don’t mean your curiosity is just gone and you can train your curiosity. ④ To keep curiosity alive, try these tips: ask “why” daily, explore hobbies like painting or robotics, and view mistakes as learning chances. Even famous scientists like Marie Curie and Albert Einstein valued curiosity. Curie once said, “Be less curious about people and more curious about ideas.” 1．The sentence “Curiosity also builds patience.” can be put in ________. A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 2．The word “piqued” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A．tested B．received C．explained D．raised 3．What can we know about curiosity from the passage? A．As children grow older, they will be more curious. B．With knowledge increasing, kids will be more curious. C．Curiosity allows different opinions within a group. D．Curiosity can be improved by remembering knowledge. 4．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to keep their curiosity. B．To prove the possibility of training curiosity. C．To show how curiosity leads to scientists’ success. D．To explore different reasons for developing curiosity. （八） （2025·江苏·二模）Dear Annie X, I understand exactly how you feel—I left school at 16 to work in a supermarket. My parents thought it was a bad idea. They told me I should stay at school and get good education. The first year, it was great. I had more money than my friends and could spend more time in hobbies. Two years later, they all finished school and went to university, while I was still stuck at home living with my parents. ▲ Then one day I realized that it wasn’t too late. I entered a night school and three years later I proudly took myself off to university. There are two reasons why I am telling you this story. Firstly, you need to realize that it’s never too late to change your mind. The choices that you make now don’t have to be for the rest of your life. In many ways, going to university when I was 22 was the best thing I ever did. I had more experience of life and I worked harder because I was older. I certainly knew that I didn’t want to spend the rest of my life working in a supermarket. The second reason is that I want you to know your parents aren’t the fools you might think they are. My dad wasn’t as forceful (强势的) as yours, but I listened to what he said, even if I didn’t take his advice. Remember, parents always want what’s best for their children, even if it doesn’t always seem that way. Try to make friends with your dad again. Talk things over with him. Let him know you’re willing to listen, but the final decision is yours. If he sees you’re serious, he’ll support you. And remember, you can always change your mind later. Yours sincerely, Duncan Blair 1．The main purpose of the letter is ________. A．to express thanks B．to ask for help C．to make an invitation D．to give some suggestions 2．Which sentence can be put in ▲ in Paragraph 1? A．I believed I would live a better life. B．I was proud they had realized their dreams. C．I wished I could do the same as my friends. D．I was glad I had got a job in the supermarket. 3．What can we infer according to the letter? A．Duncan isn’t happy with his change. B．Annie has problems making decisions. C．Annie gets along with her study. D．Duncan’s parents are very forceful. 4．In the letter, Duncan takes his own example to tell Annie that ________. A．it’s never too late to make a change B．it’s not necessary to listen to parents C．it’s a good decision to work at young D．it’s the best choice to go to university （九） （2025·江苏扬州·二模） Yangzhou Jade Carving, a shining gem among Chinese traditional handicrafts, has a history stretching back over 2,500 years. Legend has it that during the Spring and Autumn Period, local craftsmen began to carve jade into simple decorations, marking the birth of this art form. Located in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, the city’s rich cultural heritage and access to high-quality jade materials contributed to the growth of this unique craft.​ The process begins with carefully selecting the right jade, considering its color, texture, and shape. After that, carvers spend days or even weeks planning the design, sketching patterns on the jade surface. Then comes the most challenging part — carving. They carve detailed patterns, such as blooming flowers, flying birds, scenes from classic Chinese novels, and ancient historical stories. Every line and curve is carved with great care to show the harmony between nature and people.​ Throughout history, Yangzhou Jade Carving has developed different styles in various periods. In the Tang Dynasty, influenced by foreign cultures, the carvings became more various in themes. During the Qing Dynasty, it reached its peak, with large-scale jade sculptures for the royal family. These artworks not only reflect the high-level carving skills but also record the social and cultural features of different times.​ Today, Yangzhou Jade Carving faces new challenges. The complex and time-consuming process discourages many young people from learning this traditional skill. They offer jade-carving courses, invite master carvers to teach students, and even organize international exhibitions to promote this art. They believe that by combining traditional techniques with modern designs, they can attract more people’s attention and keep this amazing art alive for future generations.​ If you visit Yangzhou, don’t miss the chance to see these wonderful jade artworks at the local museums or workshops. Each piece tells a story, and they will surely give you a deeper understanding of Chinese culture and the beauty of traditional craftsmanship. 1．What is the second step in creating a Yangzhou jade artwork?​ A．Selecting the jade material​. B．Using special tools to carve​. C．Planning the design on the jade​. D．Polishing the finished work​. 2．In the Tang Dynasty, what made the themes of Jade Carving more various? A．The change of carving tools. B．The influence of foreign cultures. C．The demand from the royal family. D．The improvement of jade materials. 3．Which sentence should go in the empty box in Paragraph 4? A．However, modern technology has made jade carving much easier than before. B．Moreover, few young people show interest in such an ancient craft nowadays. C．Moreover, master carvers often complain about the lack of government support. D．However, local schools and workshops are taking active steps now. 4．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A．Yangzhou Jade Carving will disappear soon due to the lack of young learners. B．The themes of Tang Dynasty jade carvings were limited to local folk stories. C．The combination of tradition and modernity is seen as a key to keeping the craft. D．Royal families in the Qing Dynasty stopped the public from viewing jade artworks. （十） （2024·江苏徐州·二模） The bed was about 45 years old when Mom passed it to me several months after my father died. I decided to repaint it for my daughter Melanie. The headboard was full of scratches. Just before I started, I noticed one of the scratches was a date: September 18, 1946, the day my parents were married! Right above that was another name and date “Elizabeth, October 22, 1947.” “Who is Elizabeth,” I asked my mother on the phone, “what does October 22, 1947 mean?” “She’s your sister,” she answered. I knew Mom had lost a baby, “You gave her a name?” I asked. “Yes. She’s as much a part of me as any of you.” “Mom, may I come over and talk about the dates on the headboard?” I realized it was full of stories. Over lunch, Mom told me about January 14, 1951, the day when she lost her purse. Three days later, it arrived in a mail. A letter from a woman named Amy said, “I took $5 from your wallet to mail it to you. I hope you’ll understand.” There was nothing missing except that $5. Then there was George. On December 15, 1967, George shot a snake which wanted to hit my brother. “Who is Ralph?” I asked. “On February 18, 1968, Ralph saved your brother’s life in a war.” And my nephew’s (外甥的) name was Ralph. Now I knew why. “Your Dad and I carved (雕刻) our first date on the headboard the night we married. From then on, it was a diary of our life. When Dad died, our life was over. But the memories never die.” When I told my husband about the headboard, he said, “_____▲_______”. We moved the bed with the storybook headboard into our room. We’ve already carved in two dates and names: Barbara and Jackson. Someday, we’ll tell Melanie the stories from her grandparents’ and parents’ lives. And Someday the bed will be passed on to her. 1．What does the underlined word “scratches” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．裂缝 B．划痕 C．贴纸 D．标签 2．How many stories on the headboard are mentioned in the passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 3．Which sentence is the most suitable for ▲ ? A．There’s space for a lot more stories. B．We should give it back to your Mom. C．Let’s paint it your favourite colour. D．Melanie must be interested in the stories. 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Special Dates in My Family B．My DIY Job C．Stories on a Headboard D．An Old Bed for My Daughter （十一） （2025·江苏扬州·二模） Chinese Kung Fu: A Treasure of Traditional Culture Chinese Kung Fu, also known as Chinese martial arts, has a long and rich history that dates back thousands of years. It is not just a form of physical fight but also a unique part of Chinese traditional culture which represents the wisdom of Chinese ancestors (祖先), reflecting their understanding of harmony between body and mind. Kung Fu includes various styles, such as Shaolin Kung Fu, Tai Chi, and so on. Each style has its own characteristics, movements, and philosophies (哲学，思想). For example, Tai Chi is famous for its slow, smooth, and continuous movements, which focus on harmony and internal strength. It is often practiced by people of all ages to improve health, reduce stress, and enhance balance. Shaolin Kung Fu, on the other hand, is known for its powerful and dynamic (动态的) moves, emphasizing strength, speed, and flexibility. In addition to its physical aspects, Kung Fu also carries important values in Chinese culture, like respect, perseverance, and self-discipline. Kung Fu practitioners (从业人员) are taught to respect their teachers, fellow students, and opponents. They need to persevere through long-term and tough training to master the skills. Self-discipline helps them control their behavior and emotions both in and out of the training hall. ▲ . Films like Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and Kung Fu Panda have attracted a large number of fans around the world. Kung Fu schools and clubs can be found in many countries, where students learn not just kicks and punches but also the philosophy of “using force to resolve conflict without violence.” As a bridge between China and the world, Kung Fu continues to spread the essence of traditional Chinese culture, proving that its charm is timeless and worldwide. 1．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To compare different Kung Fu styles. B．To explain the advantages of Chinese Kung Fu. C．To introduce Chinese Kung Fu as a cultural heritage. D．To discuss the role of Kung Fu in modern movies. 2．How does the author organize the second paragraph? A．By giving definitions (定义). B．By comparing two Kung Fu styles. C．By describing a personal experience. D．By explaining causes and effects. 3．What is NOT true about Chinese Kung Fu according to the passage? A．It has a history of thousands of years. B．Tai Chi focuses on strength, speed and powerful movements. C．It contains important values like respect and perseverance. D．It is popular in many countries around the world. 4．Which of the following can be put into ▲ in the last paragraph? A．Now Chinese Kung Fu plays an important role in the film industry. B．It is necessary for people to learn about Chinese Kung Fu. C．Chinese Kung Fu is changing quickly nowadays. D．Chinese Kung Fu has become world-famous now. （十二） （2024·江苏徐州·二模）Have you ever watched a silent film and tried to guess what the characters were saying? Body language, like facial expressions, is the mirror of a person’s feelings: It helps us communicate without saying much at all. Sometimes we can share the common sense from culture to culture. Turning red—faced shows one’s anger, shock, or excitement. The wide eyes with a half —opened mouth mean surprise. Also, some other body movements can express the same meanings in different cultures. For example, being back in one’s seat and yawning at a talk show people are not interested, and looking at the watch from time to time in a conversation means people have something to do in a hurry. However, not all body languages can show the same meanings in different cultures. What holds true for Indians may not be the same in Africa. First of all, in some cultures, people respect and encourage the direct eye contact. In English, there is a saying, “Don’t trust anyone who won’t look at you in the eye.” In many countries, direct eye contact between two people is considered important. According to most Western cultures, if a person looks directly at you, it is a sign that the person is honest and sincere and even can be trusted. While many cultures believe that direct eye contact from a child to an adult is an act of disrespect. The OK sign, which is commonly used in many cultures, also has different meanings across the cultures. It ·means agreement in North American culture. But to French, it means “zero” or “valueless”, not “fine” or “OK”. Touching is another example. At times, saying hello could turn into a disaster if one does not consider the use of touch in another culture. A general and accepted way of saying “Hello” in Western culture is a simple handshake. A great deal of importance has been placed on how one should shake hands. So, the next time you decide to. travel to another country, besides looking up places to visit, a quick search or a book can also guide you on how to use proper body languages to better communicate with the local people, and avoid being impolite to them during your stay! 1．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．A silent film. B．The mirror. C．Body language. D．A person’s feeling. 2．According to the passage, which one has the similar meaning from culture to culture? A．Turning red-faced. B．Direct eye contact. C．The OK sign. D．A simple handshake. 3．Which picture shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Body language is more important. B．Body language helps you go travelling. C．Body language changes among cultures. D．Body language influences communication. （十三） （2025·江苏徐州·一模）Miss Martha Meacham kept the little bakery on the corner. At forty, she had two false teeth and a sympathetic heart. She has two thousand dollars in the bank. Many people, who were not as good as Miss Martha, had married. A customer came in two or three times a week, and soon Miss Martha began to take an interest in him. He was a quiet, middle-aged man, wearing glasses and a brown beard. ① His clothes were always old and patched (缝补的). But he looked tidy and had very good manners. He always bought two loaves of stale (不新鲜的) bread. Fresh bread was five cents a loaf, while stale loaves were two for five. ② Once, while serving him, Miss Martha saw a red and brown mark on the customer’s fingers. ③ She was sure then that he was an artist and very poor. No doubt he lived in an attic (阁楼), where he painted pictures, ate stale bread and thought of the good things to eat in Miss Martha’s bakery. ④ Miss Martha’s heart was a sympathetic one. To check if she was right about his job, she took a painting from her room and put it behind the bread counter (柜台). No artist could fail to notice it. Two days later, the customer came in. “Two loaves of stale bread, if you please.” “You have here a fine picture, madam,” he said while she was packing the bread. “Yes?” said Miss Martha, pleased with her cleverness. “Do you think it is a good picture?” “The palace,” said the customer, “is not in good drawing. The perspective (透视画法) of it is not true. Goodbye, madam.” He took his bread, bowed and hurried out. Yes, he must be an artist. How gently and kindly his eyes shone behind his glasses! To be able to judge perspective at a quick look—and to live on stale bread! But talented people often have to go through difficulties before they succeed. What a thing it would be for art and perspective if genius were supported by two thousand dollars in the bank, a bakery and a sympathetic heart—But these were daydreams. Now, when he came, he would often chat for a while with Miss Martha. He kept on buying stale bread, never a cake, never a pie. She thought he began to look thinner and lost heart. She wanted to offer something good to him, but she was afraid of hurting him. She knew the pride of artists. (To be continued) 1．We can put the sentence “Never did he call for anything but stale bread.” in ________. A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 2．Why did Miss Martha put the painting behind the bread counter? A．To sell the painting to help the poor artist. B．To test whether the customer was an artist. C．To show her personal art collection and taste. D．To decorate the shop and attract more customers. 3．Miss Martha had a “sympathetic” heart means she was kind to someone ________. A．who had a problem B．who made mistakes C．who achieved success D．who laughed at others 4．What might happen later according to the last sentence of the story? A．Miss Martha would offer the man stale bread for free. B．Miss Martha would lend some of her money to the man. C．Miss Martha would secretly add something to the stale bread. D．Miss Martha would give him fresh bread instead of stale one. 5．How does the writer mainly develop the story? A．By describing the setting in great detail. B．By showing scenes between two locations. C．By using long dialogues between characters. D．By exploring Miss Martha’s thoughts and feelings. （十四） （2025·江苏连云港·二模）Laughter is a common “language” for humans. It helps us get along with others and build strong relationships. When we were babies, we giggled (咯咯笑) at our parents’ funny faces. As we grow older, we learn to make others laugh too. But here comes an interesting question: Is laughter only a human thing? Scientists have been watching animals closely, and they found some amazing things. Have you ever seen a dog let you get close to its toy and then quickly run away playfully? Charles Darwin, a famous biology scientist, thought this was like a little joke dogs play. Marc Bekoff, a biology professor watched dogs playfully tease (捉弄) each other. They would walk slowly towards each other and then suddenly run away. He believed that dogs do this for fun and that animals might do it to deal with stress. In 2024 study, Isabelle Laumer and her team studied four kinds of apes. They saw 18 different ways that apes teased each other. Young apes would quietly walk up behind an adult, give them a light push to surprise them, and then wait to see how the adult would react. This is just like what human children do when they play tricks. So, people may have started to be able to tell jokes and understand funny things a long time ago in human history. What about laughing? While playing, dogs sometimes make a breathy sound that is like laughter. Dolphins make happy noises when they are play-fighting. Rats make a joyful squeak (吱吱声) similar to a giggle when people tickle them, says Jeffrey Burgdorf, professor at Northwestern University. But, is a rat’s giggle really a sign that it has a sense of humor? Are the apes just playing around for fun or do they just want to get attention? Why do animals tease and play tricks on each other? “In humans, humour can serve as an ice-breaker, helping us make friends and get closer to others,” says Laumor. “We don’t know if it’s the same in apes or other animals, but it’s possible.” 1．Who believes that animals tease each other to deal with stress? A．Charles Darwin. B．Marc Bekoff. C．Isabelle Laumer. D．Jeffrey Burgdorf. 2．What do animals and humans have in common according to the passage? A．They both laugh mainly when they feel stressed. B．They both make the same sounds when laughing. C．They always play tricks in exactly the same way. D．They can both use playful behavior to communicate. 3．What can we infer from the passage about animals’ laughing? A．It is a sign that they want to get human’s attention. B．Animals’ laughter plays the same role as humans’ laughter. C．Animals make laughing sounds just to copy human behavior. D．Different kinds of animals have their own ways to show “laughter”. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A．B．C． D． （十五） （2025·辽宁·模拟预测）What might the future be like? Here are some predictions (预测): things to come, things to go. The Spring Festival, the most important Chinese holiday when everyone returns home, has caused headaches for millions of Chinese. More than 2 billion people travel at the same time, making travel tickets and the journey difficult. But in 28 years, the Spring Festival travel may not be a problem at all. China plans to build more than 120,000 kilometers of railway that will serve 90 % of the population. And because most of China will be cities, people will not have to go to other places to find a job, so it will no longer be a problem. Newspapers will come to an end in 2043. In the future, digital newspapers will be sent to personal web tools through the Internet.Information will move faster. Oil is running out faster than expected. But scientists have found something else as fuel. Coal, natural gas, solar power, nuclear power and even water can take the place of oil as sources (源泉) of energy. Schools will go electronic. Computers will be important and popular among students. Students will not need to bring books to school. Students can use computers as their library, schoolbag and connection to the outside world. There will be robot teachers. They will check homework on computers and communicate with the students’ parents through e-mail. And school buses will be like spaceships, comfortable and safe. 1．What will help solve the problems for the Spring Festival? A．More railways will be built. B．Fewer people will return home. C．Many travel tickets can be sold. D．People will live in the countryside. 2．What will the school be like in the future? A．Computers can do everything for students. B．Students can take safe spaceships to school. C．Students needn’t take heavy books to school. D．Robot teachers will teach students in the class. 3．How is the text organized?(①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2,…) A． B． C． D． 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Great robot teachers B．Better future is calling C．Cheap oil, better life D．China leads the world 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $